Search

Background. Discussion on the impact of pocket money on positive behaviors is still debated.Objective. To investigate the effect of diverse money allowance schemes on risky behaviors (smoking, alcohol, binge drinking, drug use, gambling) during adolescence.Method. 989 students aged 15 from Lombardy (Italy) reported information on money availability in the 2018 wave of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. To analyze the relationship between money availability and risky behaviors we computed odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals through unconditional multiple logistic regression models.Results. Spending more than 10(sic) weekly was associated with higher likelihood to smoke, binge drink or gamble. Receiving pocket money (rather than receiving money upon request) was related to higher likelihood to engage in risky behaviors.Conclusions. Pocket money may have a negative impact on adolescents, particularly with a substantial amount of money. More research is needed to understand why providing money only if needed may serve as a protective factor against risky behaviors.

The present study explores the concurrent contribution to sleep problems of individual-related, family-related, and school-related factors in adolescence. Gathering from the Italian 2018 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) data collection, we used hierarchical logistic regression on a sample of 3397 adolescents (51% females, Mage = 13.99, SD = 1.62) to explore the contribution to sleep problems of the individual (Model 1: alcohol use, smoking, screen time, physical activity), familial (Model 2: parental communication, parental support), and school-related (Model 3: peer support, schoolmates/students support, teacher support and school pressure) variables. 28.3 percent of adolescents reported having sleep difficulties. Overall, Model 3 significantly improved over Model 2 and Model 1. Data showed that increasing smoking (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03–1.20) and screen time (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) were associated with sleep difficulties but not alcohol use and physical activity. Also, impaired communication with both parents and increasing parental support (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90) were associated with decreased odds of sleep problems. Finally, both increases in school pressure (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26–1.56) and lack of student support (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10–1.42) were associated with a higher likelihood of sleep problems, while peer support and teacher support were not. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to the study of sleep difficulties in adolescence that includes specific psychosocial contributors such as the quality of parental communication and perceived parental support and considers the quality of the day-to-day relationship with schoolmates and the school level of demands.What is Known:• Adolescents' are at-risk of more significant sleep difficulties, and recent literature highlights the importance of an integrated approach to understanding this phenomenon, including biological, psychosocial, and cont

The present study explores the concurrent contribution to sleep problems of individual-related, family-related, and school-related factors in adolescence. Gathering from the Italian 2018 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) data collection, we used hierarchical logistic regression on a sample of 3397 adolescents (51% females, Mage = 13.99, SD = 1.62) to explore the contribution to sleep problems of the individual (Model 1: alcohol use, smoking, screen time, physical activity), familial (Model 2: parental communication, parental support), and school-related (Model 3: peer support, schoolmates/students support, teacher support and school pressure) variables. 28.3 percent of adolescents reported having sleep difficulties. Overall, Model 3 significantly improved over Model 2 and Model 1. Data showed that increasing smoking (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20) and screen time (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.08) were associated with sleep difficulties but not alcohol use and physical activity. Also, impaired communication with both parents and increasing parental support (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78-0.90) were associated with decreased odds of sleep problems. Finally, both increases in school pressure (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26-1.56) and lack of student support (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10-1.42) were associated with a higher likelihood of sleep problems, while peer support and teacher support were not.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to the study of sleep difficulties in adolescence that includes specific psychosocial contributors such as the quality of parental communication and perceived parental support and considers the quality of the day-to-day relationship with schoolmates and the school level of demands.

Discrimination has a negative impact on immigrants’ health and contributes to the (re)production of health inequalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived discrimination on physical and mental health outcomes of migrants living in Italy. Data were taken from the Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens (SCIF) survey, conducted in 2011–2012 in Italy, namely the first national survey that investigates social condition and integration of foreign citizens. In order to assess the association between perceived discrimination and both physical and mental health of immigrants, two binomial logistic regression models were fitted. The main finding of our study is that, also in Italy, perceived ethnic discrimination is associated with worse health outcomes, therefore, policymakers should develop and implement public interventions aimed at reducing health inequalities with the rest of the population and at promoting migrants’ social integration.

Italy was among the most severely hit European country by COVID-19 pandemic and, just as in other countries, healthcare workers emerged as a group at increased risk of becoming infected with the virus. In fact, according to INAIL almost 70% of all reported occupational injuries is concentrated in the health and social care sector. Nevertheless, to date in Italy – to our knowledge – no research has focused on the possible factors that have jeopardized the protection of this category of workers. Our paper aims to analyze – through currently available data – the impact of different Regional Health Care Systems’ interventions and policies on HCW’s risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with respect to specific indicators regarding the different responses to Covid-19 adopted by SSR with the aim of preventing the spread of the virus and treating people infected with COVID-19.

Chi, docente e/o ricercatore, usa il sapere sociologico rispondendo a richieste d’intervento professionale, intreccia nel suo operare relazioni che dialetticamente mettono alla prova e sviluppano la specificità sociologica delle sue competenze. Vada o meno l’intervento a buon fine, spesso molto dipende dalle modalità con cui si attua il processo interattivo e cooperativo: nelle due direzioni, come di seguito esposto. Ne discutiamo con Maurizio Ambrosini, Pietro Fantozzi, Enzo Pace, Francesco Ramella, Rocco Sciarrone, Lia Tirabeni, Mara Tognetti.

Within the literature on health inequalities and social determinants of health, there is a growing interest in studying how the context of residence is able to influence health conditions and health‐related outcomes, over and above individual characteristics. Life context affects people's well‐being in a material way, through the availability of services and resources, but also through social, cultural and relational resources, to the extent to which people within the same context share norms, values and behaviours affecting their health conditions. In this study, we analysed the association between social cohesion in the context of residence and two health‐related outcomes, psycho‐physical well‐being and self‐efficacy, in school‐aged children in Lombardy, using data from the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study for 2014. The results show a positive association between the variables, indicating that social cohesion matters for young people's health and well‐being and suggesting new areas of intervention in policies aiming at promoting health and reducing inequalities.

Chi, docente e/o ricercatore, usa il sapere sociologico rispondendo a richieste d’intervento professionale, intreccia nel suo operare relazioni che dialetticamente mettono alla prova e sviluppano la specificità sociologica delle sue competenze. Vada o meno l’intervento a buon fine, spesso molto dipende dalle modalità con cui si attua il processo interattivo e cooperativo: nelle due direzioni, come di seguito esposto. Ne discutiamo con Maurizio Ambrosini, Pietro Fantozzi, Enzo Pace, Francesco Ramella, Rocco Sciarrone, Lia Tirabeni, Mara Tognetti.

The aim of this article is to discuss the efficacy of the welfare action commonly known as the «Personal Budget» (PB), which stands for the development of reforms reorganizing the funds for social and health benefits, allocated directly to people with disabilities, allowing them to choose and pay for needed supports. The article drafts a systematic literature review of the topic, selecting both scientific articles and reports produced by national stakeholders. Thus, it analyses to what extent, according to the explored literature, the PB is succeeding in making the health and social support for people with disabilities more individually tailored, in empowering them and therefore, improving their quality of life. The results indicate that the PB reaches the goal of better-assessing people with disabilities’ special needs; nevertheless, the PB is still far from accomplishing its more ambitious aims, such as guaranteeing active citizens’ rights to all people with special needs.

The proposed paper draws on the experience gained with the project “Social Inclusion and Disability: experimentation paths for the Personal Health Budget” (L-inc) that aims to enhance the direct participation of people with disabilities in the decision-making processes that concern their healthcare. This objective is achieved through the promotion of a more person-centered care and a personalization of the allocation of economic resources, that are designed to meet the health and wellbeing needs and outcomes expressed into individuals’ life projects. In the last decade, the international debate on the ability of social and health services to respond to citizens’ needs has focused on the important role played by those reforms aimed at putting people to the center of public services, thereby promoting a personalization of care. Also in Italy citizens’ participation experiences had self-empowerment as main objective and it has been acknowledged the importance of enabling subjects to have the maximum degree of control about the support they receive in order to enhance citizenship for all. After providing an overview on the evolution of the concept of disability, our paper shall present the tool of the Personal Health Budget, with particular regard to the adopted methodology, namely participatory research.

Il volume si inserisce in un filone ben consolidato di riflessioni attorno al tema della disabilità che, sia a livello internazionale che a livello nazionale, si è dimostrato non solo fecondo sul piano teorico e analitico, ma è stato certamente fondamentale nel processo che ha portato al riconoscimento dei diritti delle persone con disabilità e alla realizzazione di politiche inclusive. Le rigorose analisi presenti in tutti i capitoli mettono in luce, però, anche quanto sia ancora ampia la distanza tra i principi che guidano la riflessione, le politiche per la disabilità e le reali condizioni di vita che le persone con disabilità sperimentano quotidianamente. Dal volume emerge dunque che la vera sfida non è solo il riconoscimento dei diritti delle persone con disabilità, ma quella di rendere tali diritti esigibili. Perché ciò sia possibile, è necessaria sia la volontà politica di intervenire in questa direzione attraverso programmi efficienti ed efficaci, sia un cambiamento culturale della società rispetto al riconoscimento delle persone con disabilità “come parte della diversità umana e dell’umanità stessa”. Riconoscimento che lascia spazio alle aspirazioni delle persone con disabilità, mettendole al centro delle azioni e delle politiche che li riguardano attraverso una loro attivazione concreta. Il volume è pensato per gli studiosi della disabilità, ma anche per gli operatori che si muovono a stretto contatto con le persone con disabilità.

Lo studio della relazione tra il contesto in cui le persone vivono e le loro condizioni di salute trova sempre più spazio all’interno della letteratura sulle disuguaglianze sociali nella salute. L’ambiente di vita influisce sul benessere delle persone in modo materiale, attraverso la disponibilità di servizi e risorse, ma anche per via sociale, culturale e relazionale, nella misura in cui le persone all’interno dello stesso contesto condividono norme, valori e comportamenti che impattano sui loro stati di salute. In questo studio abbiamo analizzato l’associazione tra la coesione sociale nel contesto di residenza e due outcome collegati alla sfera della salute, autoefficacia e benessere, in ragazzi in età scolastica in Lombardia, con l’utilizzo dei dati HBSC 2014. I risultati mostrano un’associazione positiva tra le variabili, suggerendo nuovi ambiti di intervento nelle politiche volte a promuovere la salute e a ridurre le disuguaglianze.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the efficacy of the welfare action commonly known as the “Personal Budget”, which stands for the development of reforms reorganizing the funds for social and health benefits, allocated directly to people with disabilities, allowing them to choose and pay for needed supports. The goal of this policy is to put people back in the center of the care process, releasing them from the passive role of “assistance receivers” in exchange for a pro-active role with broader decision-making margins. Achieving, therefore, the empowerment and the engagement of the person with disabilities, who is given full control over the structuring and quality of the supports to be received.

Millennials and Religion: Divergence or Continuity Compared to the Generation of their Parents? ·This paper deals with the relationship between Millennials and religion with the aim at determining whether this generation diverges from that of their mothers and fathers also from the point of view of religious identity and experience. The paper is divided into two parts: a literature review on the theme of generational differences in religious identity and experience with reference to the Italian context and a second part dedicated to data analysis. We analyze approximately 3,700 questionnaires on this issue completed by students attending the University of Milano-Bicocca.

Il testo è articolato in 11 capitoli. Il primo propone una revisione sistematica della letteratura sul tema, basata su riviste di primo piano sulla scena accademica internazionale del Social Work. I due capitoli successivi affrontano le acquisizioni, le rielaborazioni, le riflessioni che hanno portato negli anni a consolidare un disegno complessivo che pone il tirocinio al centro del percorso formativo offerto dal Corso di Laurea in Servizio sociale dell’Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. I capitoli che seguono danno conto dello studio di caso realizzato, a partire dal quarto che descrive gli obiettivi e le strategie di ricerca adottate. Il quinto e il sesto capitolo descrivono il profilo dei nostri supervisori sia dal punto di vista socio-anagrafico sia da quello formativo e della condizione occupazionale. Di contro, il settimo capitolo delinea il panorama e le specifiche caratteristiche degli enti e dei servizi nei quali effettivamente si svolgono le attività di tirocinio. L’ottavo rappresenta il cuore pulsante dell’intera ricerca, avendo l’obiettivo di esplorare da un lato il clima del contesto organizzativo in cui si svolge la supervisione di tirocinio e dall’altro la rappresentazione del ruolo di supervisione posseduta dagli intervistati. I due capitoli successivi puntano a cogliere il parere degli intervistati sul contesto universitario, in particolare sulla preparazione degli studenti di Servizio sociale e sugli strumenti a supporto del tirocinio, nonché sull’organizzazione complessiva del tirocinio. L’ultimo capitolo ha l’ambizioso obiettivo di tessere l’intera trama della ricerca per trarne considerazioni e nuove prospettive, anche in merito alla progettazione di tirocini innovativi.

In questo capitolo sono descritte la progettazione e la realizzazione della “Ricerca sulla figura dei supervisori di tirocinio di studenti del Cdl in Servizio sociale dell’Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca”. Si tratta di uno studio di caso (Yin 2003) sulla realtà degli assistenti sociali supervisori del tirocinio obbligatorio per studenti del secondo e terzo anno del Corso di laurea in Servizio sociale dell’Università di Milano Bicocca. La ricerca, ideata e diretta da Mara Tognetti, progettata e coordinata nelle strategie metodologiche da Alessandra Decataldo, è stata realizzata da un team composto da esperti di metodologia della ricerca sociale e assistenti sociali, docenti del corso di laurea indagato, impegnati nei corsi di insegnamento di Metodi e tecniche del Servizio sociale e di Guida al tirocinio previsti per tutti i tre anni del Corso di laurea in Servizio sociale dell’Università di Milano Bicocca. L’indagine intende fornire un quadro informativo aggiornato sulle condizioni in cui si svolge il tirocinio, privilegiando il punto di vista del supervisore, ma con l’obiettivo di produrre pratiche migliorative sia per i supervisori sia per gli studenti, ma anche per l’organizzazione complessiva del tirocinio. Per raggiungere tale obiettivo, l’indagine si avvale sia di informazioni raccolte attraverso una web survey rivolta ai supervisori di tirocinio del Corso di laurea, sia dell’esperienza maturata con l’osservazione partecipante dei docenti (componenti del gruppo di ricerca) dei corsi di Guida al tirocinio di tutti i tre anni del percorso formativo. La ricerca è rivolta, in particolare, ai supervisori di tirocinio di entrambi gli anni di corso attivi negli ultimi due anni accademici (2014/15 e 2015/16).

Questo capitolo intende dare conto della area tematica inerente al Rapporto tra l’organizzazione e la supervisione. Si tratta di un’area particolarmente delicata, composta da 10 quesiti (domande dalla 20 alla 29 del questionario). Per definire questo rapporto si è ritenuto indispensabile delineare la percezione degli intervistati in merito al clima del contesto organizzativo in cui si svolgono le attività di tirocinio e la relativa supervisione. Il clima del contesto organizzativo può contribuire o, di contro, ostacolare il conseguimento da parte delle organizzazioni dei propri obiettivi e, quindi, nel caso in analisi favorire oppure danneggiare il processo di acquisizione dell’identità professionale degli aspiranti assistenti sociali. Inoltre, questo capitolo intende dare conto dell’ultima area tematica del questionario (escludendo quella sui dati anagrafici), cioè quella relativa al ruolo del supervisore. Si tratta di 10 domande (dalla 43 alla 50) volte ad esplorare lo stile di supervisione degli intervistati in termini di motivazione, competenze utilizzate, ma anche di strategie messe in atto per realizzare la propria funzione. Consapevoli della maturazione o, comunque, del cambiamento che può occorrere nel tempo nello stile professionale di un individuo (Facchini, 2010; Olivetti Manoukian, 2015), si è chiesto agli intervistati di fare specifico riferimento alle esperienze dei due anni precedenti all’intervista.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the efficacy of the welfare action commonly known as the «Personal Budget», which stands for the development of reforms reorganizing the funds for social and health benefits, allocated directly to people with disabilities, allowing them to choose and pay for needed supports. The goal of this policy is to put people back in the center of the care process, releasing them from the passive role of «assistance receivers» in exchange for a pro-active role with broader decision-making margins. Achieving, therefore, the empowerment of the person with disabilities, who is given full control over the structuring and quality of the supports to be received. To discuss the efficacy of this welfare action, we conducted a systematic literature review of the topic, selecting both scientific articles and reports produced by national stakeholders. We thus analyzed to what extent, according to the explored literature, the Personal Budget is succeeding in making the health and social support for people with disabilities more individually tailored, in empowering them and thus, improving their quality of life. The scrutiny of the selected scientific literature highlights how the Personal Budget does not merely correspond to a reallocation of the economic resources available in favor of disability within a «cash-for-hire» care scheme, based on the liberal assumption that funding individuals directly gives them agency and that being a client is somehow more empowering than being a patient, but at the same time it does not seem to comply with the fundamental change in the paradigm of taking care of people with disabilities which was aimed for. Moreover, the empirical research articles published so far seems to suggest that the implementation of the Personal Budget determines a more precise needs-assessment for people with disabilities, allowing a personalized organization of supports, but does not ease the burden on their families.

Ethnical origin is a key dimension to explain differentials in access/ utilization of healthcare services. The increase in the immigrant population in Italy puts further strain the capacity of health systems to respond adequately to health needs. In many cases, migrants have higher health risks than the native population, as a result of lesser granted rights, worse socio-economic conditions, different values and culture. Moreover, they experience numerous barriers during their stay in the host country. On the other side, the relationship between immigration and health cannot be fully understood without exploring how health services are organized and the role of professionals who provide health care services. In the first part of the paper we briefly examine these topics. Next, we reviewed the few Italian data sources in order to study the relationship between immigration and health. Specifically, we show their limits and the issues uncovered by available data, related to following domains: structural surveys features; characteristics of the migration experience; barriers, beliefs, values, practices of care; the supply side of health services. Finally, we identify four challenges that need to be addressed in data collection on migration and health topic: the recognition of the problem; the need of resources; an in-depth theoretical reflection; a refined methodological approach.

Sociological literature recognizes in social structure an important determinant of individuals’ health conditions. A large number of studies stress the influence of social stratification, such as education and occupational position, on health indicators. However, we also know that the worsening of socio-economic conditions is only partly transmitted directly. In fact, many effects are associated with individual and familial lifestyles. Moreover, it’s important to describe the dynamics of these relationships also considering macro-changes, such as those imposed by the economic crisis. For example, some authors argue that phases of economic recession produce ambivalent effects on health. In this perspective this work shows changes in some risk factors in the years of the crisis associated with territorial dimension and the job position. The study uses data from ISTAT Multiscope Data Aspects of Daily Life (2005-2013). The analyzes are conducted with multivariate multilevel regression techniques. Among the epidemiologically validated risk factors we stress the followings: 1) smoking, 2) alcohol, 3) obesity and diet, and 4) physical activity. The results show a substantial stability over years considered, with the exception of a general decrease in alcohol consumption. The occupational stratification of unhealthy lifestyles would remain substantially unchanged, meanwhile the only social category that appears to be worsening (in particular smoking and physical activity) is composed of unemployed persons in southern Italy, an area strongly impacted by the crisis.

La supervisione di tirocinio nella formazione delle figure professionali sociali, sanitarie ed educative risulta essere strategica. Partendo da questo presupposto si è voluto indagare tale processo nell’ambito dei Corsi di Laurea in Servizio Sociale. Il volume illustra i risultati di una ricerca condotta sulla supervisione di tirocinio e il suo significato nel processo formativo accademico. Il testo intende offrire, innanzitutto ai supervisori attuali e futuri e agli enti di appartenenza, riflessioni organiche su questa attività didattica che assume grande importanza per i Social Worker e per il sistema di welfare in generale. Il volume è pensato anche per fini didattici, a partire dall’analisi della letteratura nazionale e internazionale in merito. Il testo è rivolto a tutti coloro che si occupano di formazione degli operatori sociali, sanitari ed educativi.

The economic crisis that has invested western countries in the last years has determined a significant reduction in consumption of medication and treatments recourse, too. The Economic recession is generally accompanied by a decrease in health-related consumption, varying according to the welfare model, and especially affecting people of working age with a low income. The present paper focuses on the effects of the economic crisis on users of Complementary/Alternative Medicine treatments (from now on referred as CAM). Based on multi-purpose data analyses, this work aims to examine what kind of strategies such consumers have adopted in order not to neglect their health despite feeling the economic pinch. Our analyses are principally based on ISTAT, Italian National Institute for Recording Statistics findings. Specifically, our research is based on the survey “Health conditions and recourse to health services”. The analysed data refer to the Italian context in the period comprised from 2000 to 2013. The results of this work reveal how, in this delicate phase of the economy, traditional consumers of CAM have signally reduced their use of such treatments. In Italy, in the observed period, factors as working status, age, smoking and chronic diseases have been determinant in the decision to use CAM. The article suggests that, where health is at stake, CAM users are more strategic than the average biomedicine users. Furthermore, confirming the past trend, it shows how difficult it is to afford forms of treatment not covered by the health system as well as it underlines the lack of data for comparison with other countries

Il testo oltre ad analizzare il concetto di salute e le sue trasformazioni alla luce del sapere sociologico prende in considerazione i nuovi ambiti e le innovazioni in salute ( farmacologizzazione, NTC, ecc.), le nuove cronicità e il processo di normalizzazione delle cronicità a partire dalla Malattia di Hungtinton. Nel testo poi si dedicano capitoli specifici agli effetti della crisi economica sulla salute e sull'uso delle medicine non convenzionali

The economic crisis that has invested western countries in the last years has determined a significant reduction in consumption of medication and treatments recourse, too. The Economic recession is generally accompanied by a decrease in health-related consumption, varying according to the welfare model, and especially affecting people of working age with a low income. The present paper focuses on the effects of the economic crisis on users of Complementary/Alternative Medicine treatments (from now on referred as CAM). Based on multi-purpose data analyses, this work aims to examine what kind of strategies such consumers have adopted in order not to neglect their health despite feeling the economic pinch. Our analyses are principally based on ISTAT, Italian National Institute for Recording Statistics findings. Specifically, our research is based on the survey “Health conditions and recourse to health services”. The analysed data refer to the Italian context in the period comprised from 2000 to 2013. The results of this work reveal how, in this delicate phase of the economy, traditional consumers of CAM have signally reduced their use of such treatments. In Italy, in the observed period, factors as working status, age, smoking and chronic diseases have been determinant in the decision to use CAM. The article suggests that, where health is at stake, CAM users are more strategic than the average biomedicine users. Furthermore, confirming the past trend, it shows how difficult it is to afford forms of treatment not covered by the health system as well as it underlines the lack of data for comparison with other countries

il ruolo degli ESP e come attivarli anche nella ricerca azione oltre che nell'ambito dei servizi di salute mentale

The global financial crisis that began in 2008 had an overall effect on the health behaviours of Italian households. Aggregate private health expenditures have decreased while the citizens have increasingly been asked to share health costs. The reduction of households’ health expenditure could have serious consequences for health, especially if it concerns the most vulnerable people. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relation between poverty and household health expenditure, considering regional and social group variations. The data used stem from the “Family Expenditure Survey” collected by the Italian Statistical Institute (ISTAT) from 1997 to 2013. Results of multivariate analysis controlling for potential socio-demographic confounders show that the propensity to spend for poor families is decreased in the last years compared to not poor households. Meanwhile, among the households who spend, the average expenditure in euro seems to have been more stable over time. This is an alarming signal for the health of the most vulnerable households. These conditions could result in a gradual deterioration of health in poor families, which is likely to increase the burden on health systems in future. Hence, at this moment public intervention does not seem able to alleviate this situation.

L’articolo ricostruisce le specificità delle dinamiche migratorie al femminile in Italia. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata alle diverse caratteristiche delle fasi migratorie che riguardano le donne. L’analisi focalizza il ruolo attivo e di agency giocato dalle donne migranti nei diversi periodi storici. Il testo si conclude con un’analisi dei problemi che incontrano le ragazze della migrazione specialmente nella fase adolescenziale

Immigrant people adhere sparsely to the prevention programs, as well as female cancers and sexually transmitted diseases (still rising among young people and migrant women). The case study concerns two metropolitan cities of the Mediterranean area as Milan and Beirut: the first is characterized by a strong presence of immigrants (15%), the other by an health system based on private insurance, with a massive presence of refugees (Palestinians and Syrians) which covers more than a third of the Lebanese population. The detection of healthcare needs consists of an exploratory "integrated" research that makes use of secondary sources of quantitative data and a qualitative survey on the field (in-depth interviews with stakeholders and focus groups with female patients). The case study aims to produce a comparative analysis between different contexts of the Mediterranean, about both the policies of health prevention targeting women and young people, and the access of migrant people to healthcare and prevention services.

Immigrant people adhere sparsely to the prevention programs, as well as female cancers and sexually transmitted diseases (still rising among young people and migrant women). The case study concerns two metropolitan cities of the Mediterranean area as Milan and Beirut: the first is characterized by a strong presence of immigrants (15%), the other by an health system based on private insurance, with a massive presence of refugees (Palestinians and Syrians) which covers more than a third of the Lebanese population. The detection of healthcare needs consists of an exploratory "integrated" research that makes use of secondary sources of quantitative data and a qualitative survey on the field (in-depth interviews with stakeholders and focus groups with female patients). The case study aims to produce a comparative analysis between different contexts of the Mediterranean, about both the policies of health prevention targeting women and young people, and the access of migrant people to healthcare and prevention services. The presentation at the ESA conference will concern the preliminary results of the comparative study.

La salute è influenzata da una serie di fattori tra loro in interazione. Essi possono essere ricondotti a tre dimensioni: condizioni sociali, fattori biologici e caratteristiche contestuali o ecologiche. Un’ampia letteratura riconosce nelle condizioni strutturali un importante determinante del deterioramento delle condizioni di salute degli individui. Sono moltissimi gli studi che documentano un’influenza sulla salute delle tradizionali variabili di stratificazione sociale, come il titolo di studio e la condizione occupazionale. Tuttavia, sappiamo anche che il peggioramento delle condizioni socio-economiche si trasmette solo in parte in modo diretto. Sussistono infatti numerosi effetti trasversali e indipendenti dalla posizione socio-economica legati a stili di vita individuali e familiari. Descrivere le dinamiche di queste relazioni, anche alla luce dei cambiamenti a livello macro, come quelli imposti dalla crisi economica, appare un compito di centrale importanza. Alcuni autori, ad esempio, sostengono che fasi di recessione economica producano effetti ambivalenti sulle condizioni di salute (Karanikolos et al. 2013; Merino 2013; Suhrcke & Stuckler 2012; Ruhm 2000). In questo senso si evidenzia che nei periodi di crisi alcuni comportamenti insalubri tendano a ridursi per una serie di ragioni contingenti, tra cui la minore disponibilità economica di cui gli individui beneficiano. Ad esempio, la crescita delle tasse sull’alcol e sul tabacco per necessità finanziarie avrebbero indotto una riduzione di questi comportamenti pericolosi per la salute. Ancora, si sarebbe osservata in molti paesi una diminuzione delle morti per incidenti stradali, poiché gli automobilisti si sarebbero indirizzati verso mezzi di trasporto meno costosi o avrebbero ridotto i loro viaggi. D’altra parte, comprendere ed esplorare come le abitudini insalubri possano essersi modificate entro i diversi gruppi occupazionali con l’avvento della crisi può aiutare a mettere in atto pratiche di Work Healt

La salute è influenzata da una serie di fattori tra loro in interazione. Essi possono essere ricondotti a tre dimensioni: condizioni sociali, fattori biologici e caratteristiche contestuali o ecologiche. Un’ampia letteratura riconosce nelle condizioni strutturali un importante determinante del deterioramento delle condizioni di salute degli individui. Sono moltissimi gli studi che documentano un’influenza sulla salute delle tradizionali variabili di stratificazione sociale, come il titolo di studio e la condizione occupazionale. Tuttavia, sappiamo anche che il peggioramento delle condizioni socio-economiche si trasmette solo in parte in modo diretto. Sussistono infatti numerosi effetti trasversali e indipendenti dalla posizione socio-economica legati a stili di vita individuali e familiari. Descrivere le dinamiche di queste relazioni, anche alla luce dei cambiamenti a livello macro, come quelli imposti dalla crisi economica, appare un compito di centrale importanza. Alcuni autori, ad esempio, sostengono che fasi di recessione economica producano effetti ambivalenti sulle condizioni di salute (Karanikolos et al. 2013; Merino 2013; Suhrcke & Stuckler 2012; Ruhm 2000). In questo senso si evidenzia che nei periodi di crisi alcuni comportamenti insalubri tendano a ridursi per una serie di ragioni contingenti, tra cui la minore disponibilità economica di cui gli individui beneficiano. Ad esempio, la crescita delle tasse sull’alcol e sul tabacco per necessità finanziarie avrebbero indotto una riduzione di questi comportamenti pericolosi per la salute. Ancora, si sarebbe osservata in molti paesi una diminuzione delle morti per incidenti stradali, poiché gli automobilisti si sarebbero indirizzati verso mezzi di trasporto meno costosi o avrebbero ridotto i loro viaggi. D’altra parte, comprendere ed esplorare come le abitudini insalubri possano essersi modificate entro i diversi gruppi occupazionali con l’avvento della crisi può aiutare a mettere in atto pratiche di Work

Immigrant people adhere sparsely to the prevention programs, as well as female cancers and sexually transmitted diseases (still rising among young people and migrant women). The case study concerns two metropolitan cities of the Mediterranean area as Milan and Beirut: the first is characterized by a strong presence of immigrants (15%), the other by an health system based on private insurance, with a massive presence of refugees (Palestinians and Syrians) which covers more than a third of the Lebanese population. The detection of healthcare needs consists of an exploratory "integrated" research that makes use of secondary sources of quantitative data and a qualitative survey on the field (in-depth interviews with stakeholders and focus groups with female patients). The case study aims to produce a comparative analysis between different contexts of the Mediterranean, about both the policies of health prevention targeting women and young people, and the access of migrant people to healthcare and prevention services.

Immigrant people adhere sparsely to the prevention programs, as well as female cancers and sexually transmitted diseases (still rising among young people and migrant women). The case study concerns two metropolitan cities of the Mediterranean area as Milan and Beirut: the first is characterized by a strong presence of immigrants (15%), the other by an health system based on private insurance, with a massive presence of refugees (Palestinians and Syrians) which covers more than a third of the Lebanese population. The detection of healthcare needs consists of an exploratory "integrated" research that makes use of secondary sources of quantitative data and a qualitative survey on the field (in-depth interviews with stakeholders and focus groups with female patients). The case study aims to produce a comparative analysis between different contexts of the Mediterranean, about both the policies of health prevention targeting women and young people, and the access of migrant people to healthcare and prevention services. The presentation at the ESA conference will concern the preliminary results of the comparative study.

L’articolo ricostruisce le specificità delle dinamiche migratorie al femminile in Italia. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata alle diverse caratteristiche delle fasi migratorie che riguardano le donne. L’analisi focalizza il ruolo attivo e di agency giocato dalle donne migranti nei diversi periodi storici. Il testo si conclude con un’analisi dei problemi che incontrano le ragazze della migrazione specialmente nella fase adolescenziale

The paper presents the results of a nationwide research about how social service graduates entering the job market between 2006 and 2012, the core of the economic crisis. Findings show that social service graduates no longer tend to find open-ended jobs as social workers in the public sector. More and more often only some of them enter the public sector, a growing number get a job in the private services sector, while more and more fail to find jobs as social workers, despite their degree in social service

The research investigates the strategies and procedures for including immigrant women in screening protocols for breast cancer and prevention of sexually-transmitted diseases. After analysing health inequalities from a theoretical perspective, the article provides a comparative overview of the state of health of the two populations in question (Milan and Beirut), interpreting various indicators of health. It goes on to examine the data on prevention of female cancer and sexually-transmitted diseases in either country. The attention then shifts to the results of field work, after consideration of some methodological points, proceeding by analysis of focus group interviews conducted in Milan and Beirut