Search

Intensive forestry is a threat to biodiversity, and therefore actions are made to mitigate this loss. The actions are, however, designed based on available knowledge about the requirements of species, and for saproxylic insects this concerns mainly Coleoptera, while the diverse but poorly known Hymenoptera has contributed less. In this paper we therefore asked whether the substrate requirements of Hymenoptera (divided as parasitoids and non-parasitoids) are similar to those of Coleoptera and Diptera. We used an insect material reared from logging residue wood for the comparison. Theoretically parasitoid Hyme- noptera should be less specialised than Coleoptera and other host species as they belong to a higher trophic level. However, we found no such difference and even an opposite trend, that parasitoids were more specialised than beetles. Parasitoids had significantly more species in newly dead wood of fine diameter (1–4 cm, compared to coarse wood of 8–15 cm) compared to other groups. This is probably due to that many of them have bark beetles as hosts. The non-parasitoids were less specialised than the other groups and more confined to old wood (4–5 years), which is in line with that many of them are aculeate wasps building nests in emergence holes from other insects. Implications for insect conservation The habitat requirements of Hymenoptera suggest that the conservation actions designed for the well known groups are also applicable for them. The parasitoids’ association to trivial substrates (fine wood) sug- gest a good supply of breeding habitat, whereas their high specialisation in combination with higher trophic level suggest they contain an even higher proportion of threatened species than Coleoptera. How this is traded off needs further studies.

Intensive forestry is a threat to biodiversity, and therefore actions are made to mitigate this loss. The actions are, however, designed based on available knowledge about the requirements of species, and for saproxylic insects this concerns mainly Coleoptera, while the diverse but poorly known Hymenoptera has contributed less. In this paper we therefore asked whether the substrate requirements of Hymenoptera (divided as parasitoids and non-parasitoids) are similar to those of Coleoptera and Diptera. We used an insect material reared from logging residue wood for the comparison. Theoretically parasitoid Hyme- noptera should be less specialised than Coleoptera and other host species as they belong to a higher trophic level. However, we found no such difference and even an opposite trend, that parasitoids were more specialised than beetles. Parasitoids had significantly more species in newly dead wood of fine diameter (1–4 cm, compared to coarse wood of 8–15 cm) compared to other groups. This is probably due to that many of them have bark beetles as hosts. The non-parasitoids were less specialised than the other groups and more confined to old wood (4–5 years), which is in line with that many of them are aculeate wasps building nests in emergence holes from other insects. Implications for insect conservation The habitat requirements of Hymenoptera suggest that the conservation actions designed for the well known groups are also applicable for them. The parasitoids’ association to trivial substrates (fine wood) sug- gest a good supply of breeding habitat, whereas their high specialisation in combination with higher trophic level suggest they contain an even higher proportion of threatened species than Coleoptera. How this is traded off needs further studies.

Illustrated redescriptions are given for three species of encyrtid wasps first described in the early 1800s: Microterys cedrenus (Walker), M. cyanocephalus (Dalman) and M. interpunctus (Dalman), and four new synonyms are proposed: M. aldreyi Japoshvili (of M. cedrenus), M. dichrous (Mercet) (of M. cedrenus), M. steinbergi Sugonjaev (of M. cyanocephalus), and M. duplicatus (Nees) (of M. interpunctus).

Illustrated redescriptions are given for three species of encyrtid wasps first described in the early 1800s: Microterys cedrenus (Walker), M. cyanocephalus (Dalman) and M. interpunctus (Dalman), and four new synonyms are proposed: M. aldreyi Japoshvili (of M. cedrenus), M. dichrous (Mercet) (of M. cedrenus), M. steinbergi Sugonjaev (of M. cyanocephalus), and M. duplicatus (Nees) (of M. interpunctus).

In the present time of biodiversity crisis, assessing species diversity by accurate and accessible taxonomic revisions is more crucial than ever. Parasitoid wasps are considered as both one of the most diverse and under-studied groups in the tree of life. Dusona Cameron, 1901 (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) is with 442 species one of the most species - rich genera of Darwin wasps, but despite the existence of recent keys, species identification has proven difficult to impossible to non-specialists. In this study, we exam- ined about 1,500 Dusona specimens from recent and historical collections in Sweden and Switzerland. We provide a photographic guide to diagnostic characters and detailed plates for 57 out of 125 Western Palaearctic Dusona species, facilitating species identification based on existing keys. We add 11 and 3 species to the faunistic records of Sweden and Switzerland, respectively. Furthermore, we reconstruct the phylogeny of European Dusona based on four standard markers (COI, CAD, ITS2, 28S) for 45 species, complemented with a reliable reference barcode library for 46 species. Even though we can identify sev- eral morphologically distinct clades, we do not propose any new subgenera due to prevalent homoplasy of characters. While most species are well separated by barcodes, several morphologically distinct species have barely discriminatory barcode sequences (p-distances < 2%) or are even paraphyletic in this marker, indicating limitations in the applicability of barcodes for Darwin wasps. This study reveals severe gaps in the inventories of neglected taxa even for well-studied countries such as Sweden and Switzerland. As this study makes species determination for Western Palaearctic Dusona more accessible, we encourage more people, including non-specialists, to work with this genus., iadegma parasitoid wasps in Sweden (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae): unravelling the unknown

In the present time of biodiversity crisis, assessing species diversity by accurate and accessible taxonomic revisions is more crucial than ever. Parasitoid wasps are considered as both one of the most diverse and under-studied groups in the tree of life. Dusona Cameron, 1901 (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) is with 442 species one of the most species - rich genera of Darwin wasps, but despite the existence of recent keys, species identification has proven difficult to impossible to non-specialists. In this study, we exam- ined about 1,500 Dusona specimens from recent and historical collections in Sweden and Switzerland. We provide a photographic guide to diagnostic characters and detailed plates for 57 out of 125 Western Palaearctic Dusona species, facilitating species identification based on existing keys. We add 11 and 3 species to the faunistic records of Sweden and Switzerland, respectively. Furthermore, we reconstruct the phylogeny of European Dusona based on four standard markers (COI, CAD, ITS2, 28S) for 45 species, complemented with a reliable reference barcode library for 46 species. Even though we can identify sev- eral morphologically distinct clades, we do not propose any new subgenera due to prevalent homoplasy of characters. While most species are well separated by barcodes, several morphologically distinct species have barely discriminatory barcode sequences (p-distances < 2%) or are even paraphyletic in this marker, indicating limitations in the applicability of barcodes for Darwin wasps. This study reveals severe gaps in the inventories of neglected taxa even for well-studied countries such as Sweden and Switzerland. As this study makes species determination for Western Palaearctic Dusona more accessible, we encourage more people, including non-specialists, to work with this genus., iadegma parasitoid wasps in Sweden (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae): unravelling the unknown

Darwin wasps of the subfamily Campopleginae are among the most poorly studied insect groups, which is to a large part due to inadequate identification tools. The currently 835 European species are classified into 42 genera, some of a somewhat unclear delimitation, and are very hard to identify using the incomplete, scattered and often poorly illustrated literature. We here assess different character systems for genus identification and provide an interactive, dynamic online key to the European genera. We apply this key to identify 3,500 specimens of the Swedish Malaise Trap Project to genus level. We then chose ten comparatively small genera for species-level identification, reporting a total of 37 species, 20 of which are new records for Sweden. The large number of species only found in a single trap location indicates that a lot remains to be discovered, even in an otherwise well-known fauna such as Sweden’s., Klämbaksteklar (underfamilj Campopleginae i familjen Ichneumonidae) tillhör några av de minst kända insektsgrupperna i Sverige. Denna avsaknad på kunskap beror till stor del på bristfälliga identiferingsnycklar. De 835 europeiska arterna är fördelade på 42 släkten och artsavgränsningen för många arter är oklar, vilket gör dem mycket svåra att artbestämma med hjälp av den litteratur som finns att tillgå. Vi har granskat olika karaktärsystem för släktesidentifiering och presenterar här en interaktiv, dynamisk nätbaserad nyckel till de europeiska släktena. Vi använder nyckeln för att identifiera 3,500 exemplar insamlade i Svenska Malaisefälleprojektet till släktesnivå. Individer från tio relativt små släkten har sedan identiferas till artnivå och vi rapporterar här 37 arter, av vilka 20 är nya fynd för landet. I materialet finns ett stort antal arter som enbart hittats på en enda lokal, vilket tyder på att mycket återstår att upptäcka, även i den annars så välkända Svenska faunan., Diadegma parasitoid wasps in Sweden (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae): unravelling the unknown

Johannesörter Hypericum spp. är ett släkte med sju arter i Sverige. De känns igen på de gula femtaliga blommorna med många ståndare. Fem av arterna är antingen sällsynta eller väldigt lokalt förekommande. Man syftar därför främst på de två vanliga arterna äkta johannesört H. perforatum och fyrkantig johannesört H.maculatum när man pratar om demsom värdväxter för insekter. Dessatvå arter förekommer i liknande biotoper, främst på torra till medelfuktiga gräsmarker och ruderatmarker. De kan förekomma i stor mängd på igenväxningsmarker. Fyrkantig johannesört finns generellt på lite fuktigare marker och längre norrut än äkta johannesört. Johannesörthar också kallats mannablod eftersom krossade blomknoppar ger enblodröd färg.

Darwin wasps of the subfamily Campopleginae are among the most poorly studied insect groups, which is to a large part due to inadequate identification tools. The currently 835 European species are classified into 42 genera, some of a somewhat unclear delimitation, and are very hard to identify using the incomplete, scattered and often poorly illustrated literature. We here assess different character systems for genus identification and provide an interactive, dynamic online key to the European genera. We apply this key to identify 3,500 specimens of the Swedish Malaise Trap Project to genus level. We then chose ten comparatively small genera for species-level identification, reporting a total of 37 species, 20 of which are new records for Sweden. The large number of species only found in a single trap location indicates that a lot remains to be discovered, even in an otherwise well-known fauna such as Sweden’s., Klämbaksteklar (underfamilj Campopleginae i familjen Ichneumonidae) tillhör några av de minst kända insektsgrupperna i Sverige. Denna avsaknad på kunskap beror till stor del på bristfälliga identiferingsnycklar. De 835 europeiska arterna är fördelade på 42 släkten och artsavgränsningen för många arter är oklar, vilket gör dem mycket svåra att artbestämma med hjälp av den litteratur som finns att tillgå. Vi har granskat olika karaktärsystem för släktesidentifiering och presenterar här en interaktiv, dynamisk nätbaserad nyckel till de europeiska släktena. Vi använder nyckeln för att identifiera 3,500 exemplar insamlade i Svenska Malaisefälleprojektet till släktesnivå. Individer från tio relativt små släkten har sedan identiferas till artnivå och vi rapporterar här 37 arter, av vilka 20 är nya fynd för landet. I materialet finns ett stort antal arter som enbart hittats på en enda lokal, vilket tyder på att mycket återstår att upptäcka, även i den annars så välkända Svenska faunan., Diadegma parasitoid wasps in Sweden (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae): unravelling the unknown

Johannesörter Hypericum spp. är ett släkte med sju arter i Sverige. De känns igen på de gula femtaliga blommorna med många ståndare. Fem av arterna är antingen sällsynta eller väldigt lokalt förekommande. Man syftar därför främst på de två vanliga arterna äkta johannesört H. perforatum och fyrkantig johannesört H.maculatum när man pratar om demsom värdväxter för insekter. Dessatvå arter förekommer i liknande biotoper, främst på torra till medelfuktiga gräsmarker och ruderatmarker. De kan förekomma i stor mängd på igenväxningsmarker. Fyrkantig johannesört finns generellt på lite fuktigare marker och längre norrut än äkta johannesört. Johannesörthar också kallats mannablod eftersom krossade blomknoppar ger enblodröd färg.

In the autumn of 2006 the large insect collection of Lars Huggert (1942–2003) was kindly donated to the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm by the siblings of the collector. A first assessment of the size of the collection, estimated more than 30 000 specimens of Coleoptera, 23 000 specimens of Hymenoptera and about 2 000 specimens of Diptera. Here an inventory of the Hymenoptera part of the Lars Huggert donation is given including an account of type specimens of 32 taxa described by Huggert and currently housed in NHRS. Specimens of more than 1 330 species of Hymenoptera were included in the donation which enriched the existing NHRS collections immensely. Huggert described 80 species and 34 genera/subgenera in the families Diapriidae Haliday, 1833, Platygastridae Haliday, 1833, Scelionidae, Haliday 1839 and Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820 and these families are particularly well-represented in the donation., Under sensommaren 2006 anlände Lars Huggerts insektssamling till Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (NHRS). Vid en första uppskattning av samlingens storlek beräknades till att bestå av 30 000 torr- monterade skalbaggar, 23 000 steklar och 2 000 tvåvingar. I den här artikeln ges en översikt av stekeldelen i Lars Huggerts samling, samt en typlista för de 32 stekeltaxa beskrivna av Huggert som återfanns i den donerade samlingen. Dessa finns nu i NHRS typsamling och är registrerade i våra databaser. Donationen innehöll material av minst 1 330 olika arter av steklar. Stekelfamiljer som hyllhorn- steklar (Diapriidae Haliday, 1833), äggmärkarste- klar (Scelionidae Haliday, 1839) och gallmyggeste- klar (Platygastridae Haliday, 1833) var särskilt väl- representerade, och berikade museets samlingar med tiotusentals exemplar och minst 330 nya arter. Huggert beskrev under sin livstid 80 nya arter, 34 släkten och undersläkten och ett tribus, huvud- sakligen inom dessa familjer samt enstaka pupp- glanssteklar (Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820). Förutom ett rikt tillskott av de grupper som Huggert själv studerade flitigast, fanns även material av stekelgrupper som saknades helt (fikonsteklar, Agaonidae Walker, 1846) eller fanns mycket få av i NHRS samling; gropglanssteklar (Perilampidae Förster, 1856), Roproniidae Bradley, 1905, Monomachidae Ashmead, 1902 och Vanhorniidae Crawford, 1909. Sammantaget är detta ett enormt viktigt och värdefullt tillskott av små och dåligt kända steklar som folk sällan samlar in till stekelsamlingen på Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. Samlingen kommer vara en viktig källa för forskare och studenter som vill studera små parasitsteklar.

In the autumn of 2006 the large insect collection of Lars Huggert (1942–2003) was kindly donated to the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm by the siblings of the collector. A first assessment of the size of the collection, estimated more than 30 000 specimens of Coleoptera, 23 000 specimens of Hymenoptera and about 2 000 specimens of Diptera. Here an inventory of the Hymenoptera part of the Lars Huggert donation is given including an account of type specimens of 32 taxa described by Huggert and currently housed in NHRS. Specimens of more than 1 330 species of Hymenoptera were included in the donation which enriched the existing NHRS collections immensely. Huggert described 80 species and 34 genera/subgenera in the families Diapriidae Haliday, 1833, Platygastridae Haliday, 1833, Scelionidae, Haliday 1839 and Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820 and these families are particularly well-represented in the donation., Under sensommaren 2006 anlände Lars Huggerts insektssamling till Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (NHRS). Vid en första uppskattning av samlingens storlek beräknades till att bestå av 30 000 torr- monterade skalbaggar, 23 000 steklar och 2 000 tvåvingar. I den här artikeln ges en översikt av stekeldelen i Lars Huggerts samling, samt en typlista för de 32 stekeltaxa beskrivna av Huggert som återfanns i den donerade samlingen. Dessa finns nu i NHRS typsamling och är registrerade i våra databaser. Donationen innehöll material av minst 1 330 olika arter av steklar. Stekelfamiljer som hyllhorn- steklar (Diapriidae Haliday, 1833), äggmärkarste- klar (Scelionidae Haliday, 1839) och gallmyggeste- klar (Platygastridae Haliday, 1833) var särskilt väl- representerade, och berikade museets samlingar med tiotusentals exemplar och minst 330 nya arter. Huggert beskrev under sin livstid 80 nya arter, 34 släkten och undersläkten och ett tribus, huvud- sakligen inom dessa familjer samt enstaka pupp- glanssteklar (Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820). Förutom ett rikt tillskott av de grupper som Huggert själv studerade flitigast, fanns även material av stekelgrupper som saknades helt (fikonsteklar, Agaonidae Walker, 1846) eller fanns mycket få av i NHRS samling; gropglanssteklar (Perilampidae Förster, 1856), Roproniidae Bradley, 1905, Monomachidae Ashmead, 1902 och Vanhorniidae Crawford, 1909. Sammantaget är detta ett enormt viktigt och värdefullt tillskott av små och dåligt kända steklar som folk sällan samlar in till stekelsamlingen på Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. Samlingen kommer vara en viktig källa för forskare och studenter som vill studera små parasitsteklar.

Signe Ramberg var den första kvinnliga professionella entomologen i Sverige. Som extremt flitig preparator på Naturhistoriska riksmuseet under flera decennier spelade hon en imponerande stor och svåröverskådlig roll för uppbyggnaden av museets insektssamling., History of entomology

Cecilia Anderson var pionjär som kvinnlig entomolog och resenär. Hon kan räknas som den första kvinnan i Sverige som var aktiv insektssamlare på global nivå med en egenhändigt insamlad och vetenskapligt etiketterad samling., History of Entomology

Signe Ramberg var den första kvinnliga professionella entomologen i Sverige. Som extremt flitig preparator på Naturhistoriska riksmuseet under flera decennier spelade hon en imponerande stor och svåröverskådlig roll för uppbyggnaden av museets insektssamling., History of entomology

Cecilia Anderson var pionjär som kvinnlig entomolog och resenär. Hon kan räknas som den första kvinnan i Sverige som var aktiv insektssamlare på global nivå med en egenhändigt insamlad och vetenskapligt etiketterad samling., History of Entomology

Six valid species of Pseudodineura are now recognised as occurring in the West Palaearctic, and the only described species of the related genus Endophytus. Larvae of all species are leaf-miners in Ranunculaceae. An identification key to adults is provided, followed by species commentaries which include summarised data on taxonomy, larval host plants, and distribution, with particular reference to Sweden. Whereas identification of some specimens using morphological characters may not be possible, each species apparently has a distinct COI barcode sequence. Pseudodineura heringi(Enslin, 1921) is a new junior synonym of P. parvula (Klug, 1816). Pseudodineura mocsaryi Zombori, 1976 and P. scaligera Zombori, 1979 are new junior synonyms of P. clematidisrectae Hering, 1935. Lectotypes are designated for: Dolerus minutus Hartig, 1837, Pelmatopus clematidis Hering, 1932, P. enslini Hering, 1923, P. heringi Enslin, 1921, and P. mentiens var. konowi Enslin, 1921., The Swedish Nematinae Project

A brief history of entomology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History for the period 1915-1923 is presented in chronicle form. The time circumscription has its background in a recent 100th anniversary of the current museum building, for which there was work on an anniversary book, which has not appeared, and this is based on a contribution originally intended for that book. It concerns primarily the Entomology department (which ended as a unit in 2013 when it was part of a fusion into a Zoology department) but also includes the Entomological Society of Stockholm to the extent it has been based at the museum, as well as insect-related work in other museum departments. The chronicle gives plenty of examples of research and researchers, other staff and routines, collection growth and management, collecting expeditions and publications, work environment issues and everyday life at the department.

Keys to adults and larvae of the genera of West Palaearctic nematine sawflies are presented. Species of some of the smaller genera are keyed, and their taxonomy, distribution, and host plants reviewed, with a geographic focus on north-western Europe, particularly Sweden. Dinematus Lacourt, 2006 is a new junior subjective synonym of Pristiphora Latreille, 1810, resulting in the new combination Pristiphora krausi (Lacourt, 2006) for the type species of Dinematus. Hemichroa monticola Ermolenko, 1960 is a new junior subjective synonym of Hemichroa australis (Serville, 1823). Lectotypes are designated for Tenthredo opaca Fabricius, 1775, Mesoneura opaca var. nigerrima Enslin, 1914, Mesoneura opaca var. obscuriventris Enslin, 1914, Nematus hypogastricus Hartig, 1837, Nematus alnivorus Hartig, 1840, Leptopus rufipes Förster, 1854, Nematus protensus Förster, 1854, and Platycampus luridiventris var. pleuritica Enslin, 1915. A phylogenetic analysis based on four genes (mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK, POL2, and TPI) supports the current generic classification., The Swedish Nematinae

Six valid species of Pseudodineura are now recognised as occurring in the West Palaearctic, and the only described species of the related genus Endophytus. Larvae of all species are leaf-miners in Ranunculaceae. An identification key to adults is provided, followed by species commentaries which include summarised data on taxonomy, larval host plants, and distribution, with particular reference to Sweden. Whereas identification of some specimens using morphological characters may not be possible, each species apparently has a distinct COI barcode sequence. Pseudodineura heringi(Enslin, 1921) is a new junior synonym of P. parvula (Klug, 1816). Pseudodineura mocsaryi Zombori, 1976 and P. scaligera Zombori, 1979 are new junior synonyms of P. clematidisrectae Hering, 1935. Lectotypes are designated for: Dolerus minutus Hartig, 1837, Pelmatopus clematidis Hering, 1932, P. enslini Hering, 1923, P. heringi Enslin, 1921, and P. mentiens var. konowi Enslin, 1921., The Swedish Nematinae Project

Fourteen Hoplocampa species have been recorded in the West Palaearctic. We provide an illustrated key to these species, together with H. tadshikistanica, which is so far only known from Tadshikistan, but could occur in the West Palaearctic. The suitability of genetic sequencing for identification, particularly of larvae, is discussed. COI barcoding reliably distinguishes all European species which have been sampled (only H. phantoma lacks data), except for H. fulvicornis and H. minuta, which can be identified using nuclear sequences. Distributions in the Fennoscandian countries are outlined, with particular reference to Sweden. Hoplocampa chrysorrhoea is recorded for the first time in Scandinavia, from southern Sweden. Lectotypes are designated for twelve nominal taxa: Allantus ferrugineus Panzer, 1802, Hoplocampa chrysorrhoea var. nigrita Enslin, 1914, H. fabricii W. F. Kirby, 1882, H. oertzeni Konow, 1888, H. pectoralis Thomson, 1871, Hylotoma ferruginea Fabricius, 1804, Tenthredo alpina Zetterstedt, 1838, T. brevis Klug, 1816, T. chrysorrhoea Klug, 1816, T. crataegi Klug, 1816, T. plagiata Klug, 1816, and T. rutilicornis Klug, 1816. Hoplocampa minuta forma dudai Gregor, in Gregor & Bata, 1942 is a new synonym of H. fulvicornis (Panzer, 1801)., The Swedish Nematinae project

Four Dineura species are now considered to occur in the West Palaearctic, including northern Europe, but D. parcivalvis has not been found in Scandinavia. Dineura pullior Schmidt & Walter, 1995 is treated as a new junior subjective synonym of D. virididorsata (Retzius, 1783). An illustrated key to adults is presented. Lectotypes are designated for seven nominal taxa: Dineura stilata var. virilis Enslin, 1918, Dineura testaceipes var. nigriventris Enslin, 1915, Dineura virididorsata var. dorsalis Enslin, 1915, Nematus posticus Förster, 1854, Nematus xanthocerus Hartig, 1840, Nematus xanthopus Zaddach, 1876, and Tenthredo (Allantus) stilata Klug, 1816. Distributions in the Fennoscandian countries are outlined, with particular reference to Sweden., The Swedish Nematinae project

Six valid species of Pseudodineura are now recognised as occurring in the West Palaearctic, and the only described species of the related genus Endophytus. Larvae of all species are leaf-miners in Ranunculaceae. An identification key to adults is provided, followed by species commentaries which include summarised data on taxonomy, larval host plants, and distribution, with particular reference to Sweden. Whereas identification of some specimens using morphological characters may not be possible, each species apparently has a distinct COI barcode sequence. Pseudodineura heringi(Enslin, 1921) is a new junior synonym of P. parvula (Klug, 1816). Pseudodineura mocsaryi Zombori, 1976 and P. scaligera Zombori, 1979 are new junior synonyms of P. clematidisrectae Hering, 1935. Lectotypes are designated for: Dolerus minutus Hartig, 1837, Pelmatopus clematidis Hering, 1932, P. enslini Hering, 1923, P. heringi Enslin, 1921, and P. mentiens var. konowi Enslin, 1921., The Swedish Nematinae Project

A brief history of entomology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History for the period 1915-1923 is presented in chronicle form. The time circumscription has its background in a recent 100th anniversary of the current museum building, for which there was work on an anniversary book, which has not appeared, and this is based on a contribution originally intended for that book. It concerns primarily the Entomology department (which ended as a unit in 2013 when it was part of a fusion into a Zoology department) but also includes the Entomological Society of Stockholm to the extent it has been based at the museum, as well as insect-related work in other museum departments. The chronicle gives plenty of examples of research and researchers, other staff and routines, collection growth and management, collecting expeditions and publications, work environment issues and everyday life at the department.

Keys to adults and larvae of the genera of West Palaearctic nematine sawflies are presented. Species of some of the smaller genera are keyed, and their taxonomy, distribution, and host plants reviewed, with a geographic focus on north-western Europe, particularly Sweden. Dinematus Lacourt, 2006 is a new junior subjective synonym of Pristiphora Latreille, 1810, resulting in the new combination Pristiphora krausi (Lacourt, 2006) for the type species of Dinematus. Hemichroa monticola Ermolenko, 1960 is a new junior subjective synonym of Hemichroa australis (Serville, 1823). Lectotypes are designated for Tenthredo opaca Fabricius, 1775, Mesoneura opaca var. nigerrima Enslin, 1914, Mesoneura opaca var. obscuriventris Enslin, 1914, Nematus hypogastricus Hartig, 1837, Nematus alnivorus Hartig, 1840, Leptopus rufipes Förster, 1854, Nematus protensus Förster, 1854, and Platycampus luridiventris var. pleuritica Enslin, 1915. A phylogenetic analysis based on four genes (mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK, POL2, and TPI) supports the current generic classification., The Swedish Nematinae

Four Dineura species are now considered to occur in the West Palaearctic, including northern Europe, but D. parcivalvis has not been found in Scandinavia. Dineura pullior Schmidt & Walter, 1995 is treated as a new junior subjective synonym of D. virididorsata (Retzius, 1783). An illustrated key to adults is presented. Lectotypes are designated for seven nominal taxa: Dineura stilata var. virilis Enslin, 1918, Dineura testaceipes var. nigriventris Enslin, 1915, Dineura virididorsata var. dorsalis Enslin, 1915, Nematus posticus Förster, 1854, Nematus xanthocerus Hartig, 1840, Nematus xanthopus Zaddach, 1876, and Tenthredo (Allantus) stilata Klug, 1816. Distributions in the Fennoscandian countries are outlined, with particular reference to Sweden., The Swedish Nematinae project

Six valid species of Pseudodineura are now recognised as occurring in the West Palaearctic, and the only described species of the related genus Endophytus. Larvae of all species are leaf-miners in Ranunculaceae. An identification key to adults is provided, followed by species commentaries which include summarised data on taxonomy, larval host plants, and distribution, with particular reference to Sweden. Whereas identification of some specimens using morphological characters may not be possible, each species apparently has a distinct COI barcode sequence. Pseudodineura heringi(Enslin, 1921) is a new junior synonym of P. parvula (Klug, 1816). Pseudodineura mocsaryi Zombori, 1976 and P. scaligera Zombori, 1979 are new junior synonyms of P. clematidisrectae Hering, 1935. Lectotypes are designated for: Dolerus minutus Hartig, 1837, Pelmatopus clematidis Hering, 1932, P. enslini Hering, 1923, P. heringi Enslin, 1921, and P. mentiens var. konowi Enslin, 1921., The Swedish Nematinae Project

Fourteen Hoplocampa species have been recorded in the West Palaearctic. We provide an illustrated key to these species, together with H. tadshikistanica, which is so far only known from Tadshikistan, but could occur in the West Palaearctic. The suitability of genetic sequencing for identification, particularly of larvae, is discussed. COI barcoding reliably distinguishes all European species which have been sampled (only H. phantoma lacks data), except for H. fulvicornis and H. minuta, which can be identified using nuclear sequences. Distributions in the Fennoscandian countries are outlined, with particular reference to Sweden. Hoplocampa chrysorrhoea is recorded for the first time in Scandinavia, from southern Sweden. Lectotypes are designated for twelve nominal taxa: Allantus ferrugineus Panzer, 1802, Hoplocampa chrysorrhoea var. nigrita Enslin, 1914, H. fabricii W. F. Kirby, 1882, H. oertzeni Konow, 1888, H. pectoralis Thomson, 1871, Hylotoma ferruginea Fabricius, 1804, Tenthredo alpina Zetterstedt, 1838, T. brevis Klug, 1816, T. chrysorrhoea Klug, 1816, T. crataegi Klug, 1816, T. plagiata Klug, 1816, and T. rutilicornis Klug, 1816. Hoplocampa minuta forma dudai Gregor, in Gregor & Bata, 1942 is a new synonym of H. fulvicornis (Panzer, 1801)., The Swedish Nematinae project

A brief history of entomology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History for the period 1915-1923 is presented in chronicle form. The time circumscription has its background in a recent 100th anniversary of the current museum building, for which there was work on an anniversary book, which has not appeared, and this is based on a contribution originally intended for that book. It concerns primarily the Entomology department (which ended as a unit in 2013 when it was part of a fusion into a Zoology department) but also includes the Entomological Society of Stockholm to the extent it has been based at the museum, as well as insect-related work in other museum departments. The chronicle gives plenty of examples of research and researchers, other staff and routines, collection growth and management, collecting expeditions and publications, work environment issues and everyday life at the department.

Six valid species of Pseudodineura are now recognised as occurring in the West Palaearctic, and the only described species of the related genus Endophytus. Larvae of all species are leaf-miners in Ranunculaceae. An identification key to adults is provided, followed by species commentaries which include summarised data on taxonomy, larval host plants, and distribution, with particular reference to Sweden. Whereas identification of some specimens using morphological characters may not be possible, each species apparently has a distinct COI barcode sequence. Pseudodineura heringi(Enslin, 1921) is a new junior synonym of P. parvula (Klug, 1816). Pseudodineura mocsaryi Zombori, 1976 and P. scaligera Zombori, 1979 are new junior synonyms of P. clematidisrectae Hering, 1935. Lectotypes are designated for: Dolerus minutus Hartig, 1837, Pelmatopus clematidis Hering, 1932, P. enslini Hering, 1923, P. heringi Enslin, 1921, and P. mentiens var. konowi Enslin, 1921., The Swedish Nematinae Project

Hur kan en liten insekt manipulera ett stort träd till att bygga ett hus fyllt med mat till sin avkomma? Den gåtan finns ännu inget svar på. Men genom att studera gallsteklar kan man i alla fall börja få förståelse för dessa mästerliga manipulatörers spännande liv.

First records from Sweden of eight sawfly taxa are presented: Arge annulata Konow, 1891 (Argidae), Allantus cingillipes (Kontuniemi, 1947), Allantus melanarius (Klug, 1818), Apethymus cereus (Klug, 1818), Dolerus liogaster schneideri Kiaer, 1898, Fenusella hortulana (Klug, 1818), Monophadnus spinolae (Klug, 1816), and Tenthredo mandibularis Fabricius, 1804 (Tenthredinidae). The problematic taxonomic status of Arge annulata is discussed, and it is recorded for the first time from Germany and Estonia. For Heptamelus dahlbomi (Thomson, 1870) (Heptamelidae): a lectotype is designated for Caenoneura dahlbomi, H. ussuriensis Malaise, 1931 is placed as its junior synonym, Athyrium distentifolium recorded as a new host, and additional distribution data are presented, including the first records from Austria. A lectotype is designated for Heptamelus magnocularis Malaise, 1931, and this species briefly compared with H. dahlbomi., De första fynden i Sverige av följande åtta växtstekeltaxapresenteras: Arge annulata (Konow,1891) (Argidae), Allantus cingillipes (Kontuniemi,1947), Allantus melanarius (Klug, 1818),Apethymus cereus (Klug, 1818), Dolerus liogasterschneideri Kiaer, 1898, Fenusella hortulana (Klug, 1818), Monophadnus spinolae (Klug,1816), och Tenthredo mandibularis Fabricius,1804 (Tenthredinidae). En diskussion av denproblematiska taxonomiska status för Arge annulata ges och första fynden av arten i Tysklandoch Estland rapporteras. Vad gäller Heptamelusdahlbomi (Heptamelidae) utses lektotyp förCaenoneura dahlbomi Thomson, 1870 och Heptamelusussuriensis Malaise, 1931 placeras somjunior synonym för H. dahlbomi. Dessutom rapporterasnya utbredningsdata, däribland förstafynd i Österrike, samt en ny värd, Athyrium distentifolium, för H. dahlbomi. En lektotyp utses även för Heptamelus magnocularis Malaise, 1931 och denna art jämförs med H. dahlbomi.

First records from Sweden of eight sawfly taxa are presented: Arge annulata Konow, 1891 (Argidae), Allantus cingillipes (Kontuniemi, 1947), Allantus melanarius (Klug, 1818), Apethymus cereus (Klug, 1818), Dolerus liogaster schneideri Kiaer, 1898, Fenusella hortulana (Klug, 1818), Monophadnus spinolae (Klug, 1816), and Tenthredo mandibularis Fabricius, 1804 (Tenthredinidae). The problematic taxonomic status of Arge annulata is discussed, and it is recorded for the first time from Germany and Estonia. For Heptamelus dahlbomi (Thomson, 1870) (Heptamelidae): a lectotype is designated for Caenoneura dahlbomi, H. ussuriensis Malaise, 1931 is placed as its junior synonym, Athyrium distentifolium recorded as a new host, and additional distribution data are presented, including the first records from Austria. A lectotype is designated for Heptamelus magnocularis Malaise, 1931, and this species briefly compared with H. dahlbomi., De första fynden i Sverige av följande åtta växtstekeltaxapresenteras: Arge annulata (Konow,1891) (Argidae), Allantus cingillipes (Kontuniemi,1947), Allantus melanarius (Klug, 1818),Apethymus cereus (Klug, 1818), Dolerus liogasterschneideri Kiaer, 1898, Fenusella hortulana (Klug, 1818), Monophadnus spinolae (Klug,1816), och Tenthredo mandibularis Fabricius,1804 (Tenthredinidae). En diskussion av denproblematiska taxonomiska status för Arge annulata ges och första fynden av arten i Tysklandoch Estland rapporteras. Vad gäller Heptamelusdahlbomi (Heptamelidae) utses lektotyp förCaenoneura dahlbomi Thomson, 1870 och Heptamelusussuriensis Malaise, 1931 placeras somjunior synonym för H. dahlbomi. Dessutom rapporterasnya utbredningsdata, däribland förstafynd i Österrike, samt en ny värd, Athyrium distentifolium, för H. dahlbomi. En lektotyp utses även för Heptamelus magnocularis Malaise, 1931 och denna art jämförs med H. dahlbomi.

By mechanisms that are still unknown, gall wasps (Cynipidae) induce plants to form complex galls, inside which their larvae develop. The family also includes inquilines (phytophagous forms that live inside the galls of other gall inducers) and possibly also parasitoids of gall inducers. The origin of cynipids is shrouded in mystery, but it has been clear for some time that a key group in making progress on this question is the ‘figitoid inquilines’. They are gall-associated relatives of cynipids, whose biology is poorly known. Here, we report the first detailed data on the life history of a figitoid inquiline, the genus Parnips. Dissections of mature galls show that Parnips nigripes is a parasitoid of Barbotinia oraniensis, a cynipid that induces single-chambered galls inside the seed capsules of annual poppies (Papaver rhoeas and P. dubium). Galls with pupae of Parnips nigripes always contain the remains of a terminal-instar larva of B. oraniensis. The mandibles of the terminal-instar larva of P. nigripes are small and equipped with a single sharp tooth, a shape that is characteristic of carnivorous larvae. The weight of P. nigripes pupae closely match that of the same sex of B. oraniensis pupae, indicating that Parnips makes efficient use of its host and suggesting that ovipositing Parnips females lay eggs that match the sex of the host larva. Dissection of young galls show that another species of Parnips, hitherto undescribed, spends its late larval life as an ectoparasitoid of Iraella hispanica, a cynipid that induces galls in flowers of annual poppies. These and other observations suggest that Parnips shares the early endoparasitic-late ectoparasitic life history described for all other cynipoid parasitoids. Our findings imply that gall wasps evolved from parasitoids of gall insects. The original hosts could not have been cynipids but possibly chalcidoids, which appear to be the hosts of several extant figitoid inquilines. It is still unclear whether the gall i

By mechanisms that are still unknown, gall wasps (Cynipidae) induce plants to form complex galls, inside which their larvae develop. The family also includes inquilines (phytophagous forms that live inside the galls of other gall inducers) and possibly also parasitoids of gall inducers. The origin of cynipids is shrouded in mystery, but it has been clear for some time that a key group in making progress on this question is the ‘figitoid inquilines’. They are gall-associated relatives of cynipids, whose biology is poorly known. Here, we report the first detailed data on the life history of a figitoid inquiline, the genus Parnips. Dissections of mature galls show that Parnips nigripes is a parasitoid of Barbotinia oraniensis, a cynipid that induces single-chambered galls inside the seed capsules of annual poppies (Papaver rhoeas and P. dubium). Galls with pupae of Parnips nigripes always contain the remains of a terminal-instar larva of B. oraniensis. The mandibles of the terminal-instar larva of P. nigripes are small and equipped with a single sharp tooth, a shape that is characteristic of carnivorous larvae. The weight of P. nigripes pupae closely match that of the same sex of B. oraniensis pupae, indicating that Parnips makes efficient use of its host and suggesting that ovipositing Parnips females lay eggs that match the sex of the host larva. Dissection of young galls show that another species of Parnips, hitherto undescribed, spends its late larval life as an ectoparasitoid of Iraella hispanica, a cynipid that induces galls in flowers of annual poppies. These and other observations suggest that Parnips shares the early endoparasitic-late ectoparasitic life history described for all other cynipoid parasitoids. Our findings imply that gall wasps evolved from parasitoids of gall insects. The original hosts could not have been cynipids but possibly chalcidoids, which appear to be the hosts of several extant figitoid inquilines. It is still unclear whether the gall i

Hur kan en liten insekt manipulera ett stort träd till att bygga ett hus fyllt med mat till sin avkomma? Den gåtan finns ännu inget svar på. Men genom att studera gallsteklar kan man i alla fall börja få förståelse för dessa mästerliga manipulatörers spännande liv.

By mechanisms that are still unknown, gall wasps (Cynipidae) induce plants to form complex galls, inside which their larvae develop. The family also includes inquilines (phytophagous forms that live inside the galls of other gall inducers) and possibly also parasitoids of gall inducers. The origin of cynipids is shrouded in mystery, but it has been clear for some time that a key group in making progress on this question is the ‘figitoid inquilines’. They are gall-associated relatives of cynipids, whose biology is poorly known. Here, we report the first detailed data on the life history of a figitoid inquiline, the genus Parnips. Dissections of mature galls show that Parnips nigripes is a parasitoid of Barbotinia oraniensis, a cynipid that induces single-chambered galls inside the seed capsules of annual poppies (Papaver rhoeas and P. dubium). Galls with pupae of Parnips nigripes always contain the remains of a terminal-instar larva of B. oraniensis. The mandibles of the terminal-instar larva of P. nigripes are small and equipped with a single sharp tooth, a shape that is characteristic of carnivorous larvae. The weight of P. nigripes pupae closely match that of the same sex of B. oraniensis pupae, indicating that Parnips makes efficient use of its host and suggesting that ovipositing Parnips females lay eggs that match the sex of the host larva. Dissection of young galls show that another species of Parnips, hitherto undescribed, spends its late larval life as an ectoparasitoid of Iraella hispanica, a cynipid that induces galls in flowers of annual poppies. These and other observations suggest that Parnips shares the early endoparasitic-late ectoparasitic life history described for all other cynipoid parasitoids. Our findings imply that gall wasps evolved from parasitoids of gall insects. The original hosts could not have been cynipids but possibly chalcidoids, which appear to be the hosts of several extant figitoid inquilines. It is still unclear whether the gall i

The sawfly genus Euura of the tenthredinid subfamily Nematinae, in which species level taxonomy has long been regarded as controversial, is particularly species rich in northern parts of the Holarctic. Among a majority of species with more or less free-living larvae, a sizeable minority belongs to a monophyletic lineage whose larvae complete their whole development in galls. We present illustrated keys to the adults and galls of 66 gall-inducing Euura species that occur, or might occur, in northern Europe. The distribution of these species is briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on the fauna of Sweden, where 55 species are now definitely recorded, two of them for the first time (E. bigallae, E. myrtilloidica). The species-level taxonomy of gall-inducing Euura remains partly problematic. Nominal species described on the basis of experimentally tested or assumed host plant specificity, but which cannot be recognised using morphological or genetic characters, are treated as conspecific with currently indistinguishable segregates ("host-plant races") associated with other Salix species. 20 new synonymies are proposed (valid names in parentheses): Eupontania acutifoliae baltica Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2006 and Pontania acutifoliae daphnoides Zinovjev, 1993 (Euura acutifoliae(Zinovjev, 1985)), Euura boreoalpina Kopelke, 2001 (Euura lanatae Malaise, 1921), Euura cinereae Kopelke, 1996 preoccupied and Euura lapponica Kopelke, 1996 preoccupied (Euura auritae Kopelke 2000), Euura gemmacinereae Kopelke, 2001 and E. nigritarsis Cameron, 1885 (Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837)), Euura phylicifoliaeKopelke, 2001 (Euura myrsinifoliae Kopelke, 2001), Nematus westermanni Boheman, 1852 nomen oblitum (Euura scotaspis (Förster, 1854) nomen protectum), Nematus acerosus Hartig, 1840 (Euura saliciscinereae (Retzius, 1783)), Nematus alienatusFörster, 1854 and Phyllocolpa rolleri Liston, 2005 (Euura leucapsis (Tischbein, 1846)), Nematus angustus Hartig, 1837 (Euura atra (Jurine, 1807)), Nematus, Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (contract number dha 153/2011), Nematinae project financed by the Swedish Taxonomy Intitiative

Redescriptions of the following seven species are made: Mesochorus gemellus Holmgren, 1860, M. tachypus Holmgren, 1860, M. diversicolor Viereck, 1912, M. brevicollis Thomson, 1886, M. giberius (Thunberg, 1822), M. marginatus Thomson, 1886, and M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860. Three new species are described: M. marginatoides Vikberg sp. n. from Finland and Sweden, M. skanensis Vikberg sp. n. from Sweden, and M. ranini Vikberg sp. n. from Finland. The female of M. plumosus Dasch, 1971 is described from Finland (this species is known earlier only from N. America). A key to females of the eleven studied European species of Mesochorus is included. The following formal nomenclatural acts or changes are made: lectotypes are designated for Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren, 1860 and for M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860. Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren, 1860, stat. n. (= M. macrurus Thomson, 1886, syn. n.), M. diversicolor Viereck, 1912, stat. n., M. brevicollis Thomson, 1886, stat. n., M. marginatus Thomson, 1886, stat. n., and M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860 (= M. curvicauda Thomson, 1886, syn. n.). Many females of M. tachypus and M. tetricus were found near the ground in the spruce forests in Janakkala, South Finland very late in the season (from October to December in 2011-2016). M. cimbicis (Ratzeburg, 1844) has been reared from cocoons of Trichiosoma sp. (scalesii Leach aggregate) and T. nanae Vikberg & Viitasaari in Finland. The correct primary host of Mesochorus bipartitus Schwenke, 1999 is Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae)., Seuraavat lajit kuvataan uudelleen: Mesochorus gemellus Holmgren, 1860, M. tachypus Holmgren, 1860, M. diversicolor Viereck, 1912, M. brevicollis Thomson, 1886, M. giberius (Thunberg, 1822), M. marginatus Thomson, 1886, ja M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860. Ruotsista kuvataan uusi laji Mesochorus skanensis Vikberg sp. n. ja Suomesta kuvataan kaksi uutta lajia: M. marginatoides Vikberg sp. n. ja M. ranini Vikberg sp. n., joista edellinen myös Ruotsista. Lajien tunnistamisen helpottamiseksi on laadittu tutkimuskaava tutkitun 11 eurooppalaisen lajin naaraille. Seuraavat nimistöön vaikuttavat muutokset tehdään: Lajeille Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren ja M. tetricus Holmgren vahvistetaan lektotyypit. Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren, 1860, stat. n. (= M. macrurus Thomson, 1886, syn.n.), M. diversicolor Viereck, 1912, stat.n., M. brevicollis Thomson, 1886, stat. n., M. marginatus Thomson, 1886, stat.n. ja M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860 (= M. curvicauda Thomson, 1886, syn. n.). Lajien Mesochorus tachypus ja M. tetricus naaraita löytyi runsaasti Janakkalan kuusimetsistä loka-joulukuussa vuosina 2011 - 2016. Ne ilmeisesti talvehtivat kuusien alla karikkeessa. Laji M. cimbicis (Ratzeburg, 1844) on kasvatettu Suomessa kahdesta karvanuijapistiäislajista, joista toinen esiintyy Käsivarren Lapissa ja toinen, rämenuijapistiäinen, elää toukkana vaivaiskoivuilla soilla. Lajin Mesochorus bipartitus Schwenke, 1999 oikea primaari-isäntä on Miridae-heimon lude Lygus rugulipennis. Pohjois- Amerikasta kuvatun lajin M. plumosus Dasch, 1971 löytöjä esitetään Janakkalasta ja lajin naaras kuvataan.

The sawfly genus Euura of the tenthredinid subfamily Nematinae, in which species level taxonomy has long been regarded as controversial, is particularly species rich in northern parts of the Holarctic. Among a majority of species with more or less free-living larvae, a sizeable minority belongs to a monophyletic lineage whose larvae complete their whole development in galls. We present illustrated keys to the adults and galls of 66 gall-inducing Euura species that occur, or might occur, in northern Europe. The distribution of these species is briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on the fauna of Sweden, where 55 species are now definitely recorded, two of them for the first time (E. bigallae, E. myrtilloidica). The species-level taxonomy of gall-inducing Euura remains partly problematic. Nominal species described on the basis of experimentally tested or assumed host plant specificity, but which cannot be recognised using morphological or genetic characters, are treated as conspecific with currently indistinguishable segregates ("host-plant races") associated with other Salix species. 20 new synonymies are proposed (valid names in parentheses): Eupontania acutifoliae baltica Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2006 and Pontania acutifoliae daphnoides Zinovjev, 1993 (Euura acutifoliae(Zinovjev, 1985)), Euura boreoalpina Kopelke, 2001 (Euura lanatae Malaise, 1921), Euura cinereae Kopelke, 1996 preoccupied and Euura lapponica Kopelke, 1996 preoccupied (Euura auritae Kopelke 2000), Euura gemmacinereae Kopelke, 2001 and E. nigritarsis Cameron, 1885 (Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837)), Euura phylicifoliaeKopelke, 2001 (Euura myrsinifoliae Kopelke, 2001), Nematus westermanni Boheman, 1852 nomen oblitum (Euura scotaspis (Förster, 1854) nomen protectum), Nematus acerosus Hartig, 1840 (Euura saliciscinereae (Retzius, 1783)), Nematus alienatusFörster, 1854 and Phyllocolpa rolleri Liston, 2005 (Euura leucapsis (Tischbein, 1846)), Nematus angustus Hartig, 1837 (Euura atra (Jurine, 1807)), Nematus, Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (contract number dha 153/2011), Nematinae project financed by the Swedish Taxonomy Intitiative

Redescriptions of the following seven species are made: Mesochorus gemellus Holmgren, 1860, M. tachypus Holmgren, 1860, M. diversicolor Viereck, 1912, M. brevicollis Thomson, 1886, M. giberius (Thunberg, 1822), M. marginatus Thomson, 1886, and M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860. Three new species are described: M. marginatoides Vikberg sp. n. from Finland and Sweden, M. skanensis Vikberg sp. n. from Sweden, and M. ranini Vikberg sp. n. from Finland. The female of M. plumosus Dasch, 1971 is described from Finland (this species is known earlier only from N. America). A key to females of the eleven studied European species of Mesochorus is included. The following formal nomenclatural acts or changes are made: lectotypes are designated for Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren, 1860 and for M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860. Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren, 1860, stat. n. (= M. macrurus Thomson, 1886, syn. n.), M. diversicolor Viereck, 1912, stat. n., M. brevicollis Thomson, 1886, stat. n., M. marginatus Thomson, 1886, stat. n., and M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860 (= M. curvicauda Thomson, 1886, syn. n.). Many females of M. tachypus and M. tetricus were found near the ground in the spruce forests in Janakkala, South Finland very late in the season (from October to December in 2011-2016). M. cimbicis (Ratzeburg, 1844) has been reared from cocoons of Trichiosoma sp. (scalesii Leach aggregate) and T. nanae Vikberg & Viitasaari in Finland. The correct primary host of Mesochorus bipartitus Schwenke, 1999 is Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae)., Seuraavat lajit kuvataan uudelleen: Mesochorus gemellus Holmgren, 1860, M. tachypus Holmgren, 1860, M. diversicolor Viereck, 1912, M. brevicollis Thomson, 1886, M. giberius (Thunberg, 1822), M. marginatus Thomson, 1886, ja M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860. Ruotsista kuvataan uusi laji Mesochorus skanensis Vikberg sp. n. ja Suomesta kuvataan kaksi uutta lajia: M. marginatoides Vikberg sp. n. ja M. ranini Vikberg sp. n., joista edellinen myös Ruotsista. Lajien tunnistamisen helpottamiseksi on laadittu tutkimuskaava tutkitun 11 eurooppalaisen lajin naaraille. Seuraavat nimistöön vaikuttavat muutokset tehdään: Lajeille Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren ja M. tetricus Holmgren vahvistetaan lektotyypit. Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren, 1860, stat. n. (= M. macrurus Thomson, 1886, syn.n.), M. diversicolor Viereck, 1912, stat.n., M. brevicollis Thomson, 1886, stat. n., M. marginatus Thomson, 1886, stat.n. ja M. tetricus Holmgren, 1860 (= M. curvicauda Thomson, 1886, syn. n.). Lajien Mesochorus tachypus ja M. tetricus naaraita löytyi runsaasti Janakkalan kuusimetsistä loka-joulukuussa vuosina 2011 - 2016. Ne ilmeisesti talvehtivat kuusien alla karikkeessa. Laji M. cimbicis (Ratzeburg, 1844) on kasvatettu Suomessa kahdesta karvanuijapistiäislajista, joista toinen esiintyy Käsivarren Lapissa ja toinen, rämenuijapistiäinen, elää toukkana vaivaiskoivuilla soilla. Lajin Mesochorus bipartitus Schwenke, 1999 oikea primaari-isäntä on Miridae-heimon lude Lygus rugulipennis. Pohjois- Amerikasta kuvatun lajin M. plumosus Dasch, 1971 löytöjä esitetään Janakkalasta ja lajin naaras kuvataan.

We provide morphological egg data of 26 species of 5 chalcidoid families associated with cynipid galls(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from western Palaearctic, including the first egg data for the family Ormyridae. Adultchalcidoid species were reared from galls, and eggs obtained from dissected female ovaries were examinedusing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of the eggs varies from oval to elongate and taperedat both ends. Eggs of Eurytomidae as well as some Eulophidae, Eupelmidae and Pteromalidae are equippedwith a peduncle at the anterior end. We found a positive correlation between long eggs and long ovipositorsand confirmed the expectation that eggs of endoparasitoids are generally shorter and narrower than eggs ofectoparasitoids. We were able to locate the sperm entrance or micropyle at the anterior pole of eggs of severalspecies. It is situated at the anterior end of the egg and at the end of the peduncle when present. In addition,the eggshells of the endoparasitoid Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) andthe ectoparasitoid Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), are for the first timedescribed., En el presente trabajo se aportan datos morfológicos del huevo de 26 especies del Paleártico occidentalpertenecientes a 5 familias de Chalcidoidea asociadas con agallas de cinípidos (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae),incluyendo los primeros datos del huevo de especies de Ormyridae. Los ejemplares adultos de las especiesestudiadas fueron obtenidos por emergencia de agallas en laboratorio, los ovarios de las hembras diseccionadospara obtener los huevos, que fueron finalmente estudiados utilizando técnicas de microscopía electronicade barrido. La forma de los huevos estudiados varía de ovalada a alargada y ahusada en ambos extremos. Loshuevos de Eurytomidae, así como algunos de Eulophidae, Eupelmidae y Pteromalidae están provistos de unpedúnculo en el extremo anterior. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre aquellos huevos elongados y lapresencia de ovipositores largos en las hembras, confirmándose también la hipótesis esperada de que loshuevos de especies endoparasitoides son generalmente más cortos y estrechos que los de los ectoparasitoides.Por otro lado los estudios de ultraestructura en los huevos de varias especies han permitido la localizacióndel punto de entrada de esperma o micropilo. Este se encuentra situado bien en el extremo anteriordel huevo o bien en el extremo del pedúnculo cuando está presente. Además, por primera vez se estudiay se describe la ultraestructura de la cáscara del huevo de la especie endoparasitoide Sycophila biguttata(Swederus, 1795) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) y del ectoparasitoide Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785)(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

We provide morphological egg data of 26 species of 5 chalcidoid families associated with cynipid galls(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from western Palaearctic, including the first egg data for the family Ormyridae. Adultchalcidoid species were reared from galls, and eggs obtained from dissected female ovaries were examinedusing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of the eggs varies from oval to elongate and taperedat both ends. Eggs of Eurytomidae as well as some Eulophidae, Eupelmidae and Pteromalidae are equippedwith a peduncle at the anterior end. We found a positive correlation between long eggs and long ovipositorsand confirmed the expectation that eggs of endoparasitoids are generally shorter and narrower than eggs ofectoparasitoids. We were able to locate the sperm entrance or micropyle at the anterior pole of eggs of severalspecies. It is situated at the anterior end of the egg and at the end of the peduncle when present. In addition,the eggshells of the endoparasitoid Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) andthe ectoparasitoid Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), are for the first timedescribed., En el presente trabajo se aportan datos morfológicos del huevo de 26 especies del Paleártico occidentalpertenecientes a 5 familias de Chalcidoidea asociadas con agallas de cinípidos (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae),incluyendo los primeros datos del huevo de especies de Ormyridae. Los ejemplares adultos de las especiesestudiadas fueron obtenidos por emergencia de agallas en laboratorio, los ovarios de las hembras diseccionadospara obtener los huevos, que fueron finalmente estudiados utilizando técnicas de microscopía electronicade barrido. La forma de los huevos estudiados varía de ovalada a alargada y ahusada en ambos extremos. Loshuevos de Eurytomidae, así como algunos de Eulophidae, Eupelmidae y Pteromalidae están provistos de unpedúnculo en el extremo anterior. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre aquellos huevos elongados y lapresencia de ovipositores largos en las hembras, confirmándose también la hipótesis esperada de que loshuevos de especies endoparasitoides son generalmente más cortos y estrechos que los de los ectoparasitoides.Por otro lado los estudios de ultraestructura en los huevos de varias especies han permitido la localizacióndel punto de entrada de esperma o micropilo. Este se encuentra situado bien en el extremo anteriordel huevo o bien en el extremo del pedúnculo cuando está presente. Además, por primera vez se estudiay se describe la ultraestructura de la cáscara del huevo de la especie endoparasitoide Sycophila biguttata(Swederus, 1795) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) y del ectoparasitoide Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785)(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

[EN] We provide morphological egg data of 26 species of 5 chalcidoid families associated with cynipid galls (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from western Palaearctic, including the first egg data for the family Ormyridae. Adult chalcidoid species were reared from galls, and eggs obtained from dissected female ovaries were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of the eggs varies from oval to elongate and tapered at both ends. Eggs of Eurytomidae as well as some Eulophidae, Eupelmidae and Pteromalidae are equipped with a peduncle at the anterior end. We found a positive correlation between long eggs and long ovipositors and confirmed the expectation that eggs of endoparasitoids are generally shorter and narrower than eggs of ectoparasitoids. We were able to locate the sperm entrance or micropyle at the anterior pole of eggs of several species. It is situated at the anterior end of the egg and at the end of the peduncle when present. In addition, the eggshells of the endoparasitoid Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and the ectoparasitoid Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), are for the first time described., [ES] En el presente trabajo se aportan datos morfológicos del huevo de 26 especies del Paleártico occidental pertenecientes a 5 familias de Chalcidoidea asociadas con agallas de cinípidos (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), incluyendo los primeros datos del huevo de especies de Ormyridae. Los ejemplares adultos de las especies estudiadas fueron obtenidos por emergencia de agallas en laboratorio, los ovarios de las hembras diseccionados para obtener los huevos, que fueron finalmente estudiados utilizando técnicas de microscopía electronica de barrido. La forma de los huevos estudiados varía de ovalada a alargada y ahusada en ambos extremos. Los huevos de Eurytomidae, así como algunos de Eulophidae, Eupelmidae y Pteromalidae están provistos de un pedúnculo en el extremo anterior. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre aquellos huevos elongados y la presencia de ovipositores largos en las hembras, confirmándose también la hipótesis esperada de que los huevos de especies endoparasitoides son generalmente más cortos y estrechos que los de los ectoparasitoides. Por otro lado los estudios de ultraestructura en los huevos de varias especies han permitido la localización del punto de entrada de esperma o micropilo. Este se encuentra situado bien en el extremo anterior del huevo o bien en el extremo del pedúnculo cuando está presente. Además, por primera vez se estudia y se describe la ultraestructura de la cáscara del huevo de la especie endoparasitoide Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) y del ectoparasitoide Cecidostiba fungosa (Geoffroy, 1785) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

A critical and annotated catalogue of 72 types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) belonging to 53 species and subspecies housed in the Swedish Museum of Natural History is given. The lectotypes of Chrysis diversa Dahlbom, 1845, C. soror Dahlbom, 1854, Chrysura sulcata Dahlbom, 1845 and Holopyga amoenula Dahlbom, 1845 are designated. The previous lectotype of Chrysis diversa Dahlbom, 1845 is set aside. Five new synonymies are proposed: Chrysis elegans var. smaragdula Trautmann, 1926 (currently C. elegans ssp. interrogata Linsenmaier, 1959 repl. name for smaragdula Trautmann, nec Fabricius, 1775), syn. n. of C. confluens (Dahlbom, 1845); C. eximia Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. of C. poecila Mocsáry, 1889; C. pyrrhina Dahlbom, 1845, syn. n. of C. erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845; C. separata Trautmann, 1926, syn. n. of C. lateralis Dahlbom, 1845; C. sicula Abeille de Perrin, 1877, syn. n. of C. erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845. Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891 is the first available name for C. pyrrhina sensu auctorum. C. erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845 is revaluated as valid species. The neotype of Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845 is designated in the Linsenmaier collection (NMLS). Illustrations of 34 types are given.

A critical and annotated catalogue of 72 types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) belonging to 53 species and subspecies housed in the Swedish Museum of Natural History is given. The lectotypes of Chrysis diversa Dahlbom, 1845, C. soror Dahlbom, 1854, Chrysura sulcata Dahlbom, 1845 and Holopyga amoenula Dahlbom, 1845 are designated. The previous lectotype of Chrysis diversa Dahlbom, 1845 is set aside. Five new synonymies are proposed: Chrysis elegans var. smaragdula Trautmann, 1926 (currently C. elegans ssp. interrogata Linsenmaier, 1959 repl. name for smaragdula Trautmann, nec Fabricius, 1775), syn. n. of C. confluens (Dahlbom, 1845); C. eximia Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. of C. poecila Mocsáry, 1889; C. pyrrhina Dahlbom, 1845, syn. n. of C. erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845; C. separata Trautmann, 1926, syn. n. of C. lateralis Dahlbom, 1845; C. sicula Abeille de Perrin, 1877, syn. n. of C. erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845. Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891 is the first available name for C. pyrrhina sensu auctorum. C. erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845 is revaluated as valid species. The neotype of Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845 is designated in the Linsenmaier collection (NMLS). Illustrations of 34 types are given.

The question of who can be considered Sweden’s first female entomologist is not easy toanswer and depends a lot on criteria; here it leads to a more general survey of women in Swedish entomology. Several persons who are candidates for being considered entomologist pioneers are presented, and the conditions for women to engage in entomology are briefly discussed. Such candidates include the following persons. Queen Lovisa Ulrika, Linnaeus’ benefactor, had an insect collection. The first female member of the Entomological Society in Stockholm was Signe Nordenskjöld in 1892. While Cecilia Andersson seems to be the first independent, active female insect collector in Sweden, in the early 20th century. Ida Trotzig collected Lepidoptera in Japan for the Stockholm museum. At that time, preparator Signe Ramberg and illustrator Therese Ekblom at the Stockholm museum were the first female professional entomologists. Only later, the entomological societies included somewhat larger number of female entomologists, and the first woman to get a PhD in entomology in Sweden was Christine Dahl, who also became the first female entomologist full professor.

The question of who can be considered Sweden’s first female entomologist is not easy toanswer and depends a lot on criteria; here it leads to a more general survey of women in Swedish entomology. Several persons who are candidates for being considered entomologist pioneers are presented, and the conditions for women to engage in entomology are briefly discussed. Such candidates include the following persons. Queen Lovisa Ulrika, Linnaeus’ benefactor, had an insect collection. The first female member of the Entomological Society in Stockholm was Signe Nordenskjöld in 1892. While Cecilia Andersson seems to be the first independent, active female insect collector in Sweden, in the early 20th century. Ida Trotzig collected Lepidoptera in Japan for the Stockholm museum. At that time, preparator Signe Ramberg and illustrator Therese Ekblom at the Stockholm museum were the first female professional entomologists. Only later, the entomological societies included somewhat larger number of female entomologists, and the first woman to get a PhD in entomology in Sweden was Christine Dahl, who also became the first female entomologist full professor.