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Passieve fluxmeting is een veelbelovende methode die toelaat gelijktijdig grondwater- en polluentfluxen te bepalen nabij bron- of in pluimzones. Het in situ bepalen van polluentfluxen door middel van de Passieve Flux Meter is niet alleen erg waardevol tijdens de onderzoeksfase, maar kan ook ingezet worden bij de evaluatie van een sanering. Bovendien biedt het nieuwe perspectieven voor het risicogebaseerd management van grondwaterverontreinigingen.

The pharmacologic parameters and toxicity of netilmicin (6 mg/kg/day) given once daily (qd) or thrice daily (tid) for the treatment of urinary tract infections were studied in a randomized prospective study of 60 cancer patients. The overall efficacy was 96%. Nephrotoxicity, assessed by the measure of urinary excretion of phospholipids, was lower for the patients receiving the qd regimen than for those receiving the tid regimen. Elevation of serum creatinine (20% over baseline) occurred in one patient receiving the qd regimen and in three receiving the tid regimen. Cochleotoxicity, assessed by pure-tone audiometry (250 to 18,000 Hz) occurred in one patient receiving the qd regimen and none receiving the tid regimen. Concentrations in sera were measured on days 1 and 5. No significant accumulation was observed in either group. Median serum bactericidal titers, expressed as reciprocal values (percentage of the sera with a titer greater-than-or-equal-to 8), were measured against 25 test organisms in samples collected 6 h after the administration of netilmicin and were, for the qd group, 16 (82%) against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and < 2 (8%) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the tid group, 4 (57%) against members of the Enterobacteriaceae and < 2 (0%) against P. aeruginosa. The rate of killing in serum was rapid (2 to 3 log in 2 h against P. aeruginosa; 3 to 5 log in 2 h against members of the Enterobacteriaceae) and correlated with the sampling time and hence the concentration in serum of netilmicin. The duration of the postantibiotic effect in serum depended also on the strain and the sampling time of the serum.

In-vitro study of the combination of oxacillin with rifampicin has shown that a complex interaction occurs between the two drugs: a high oxacillin/rifampicin ratio was associated with antagonism, a low ratio was more likely to result in synergy - the combination acquired a higher rate of killing. Oxacillin significantly prevented or delayed the regrowth of rifampicin-resistant mutants, and antagonism for high oxacillin/rifampicin ratios only affected rifampicin-susceptible strains. The two clinical studies that we have performed suggested that the addition of rifampicin to standard treatment improved the clinical outcome of the patients with staphylococcal infections, and this was particularly true for the most severe infections. Failures were not associated with the emergence of rifampicin-resistant strains; the combination was not associated with more superinfections nor with more toxicity or intolerance. Serum bactericidal activities reflected a similar complex interaction to that observed in vitro by time-kill curves or checkerboard techniques. © 1984 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published