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Marcos Barbosa Pains,1– 3 Isabel Verlangeiro Vieira,4 Arthur Rollemberg Cruciol Figueiredo,4 Suzaynne Corrêa Bittencourt Diniz,3 Paulo Tadeu Souza Figueiredo4 1School of Public Health of the Federal District, Foundation for Teaching and Research in Health Sciences, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; 3Health Department of the Federal District, Government of the Federal District, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; 4Dentistry Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BrazilCorrespondence: Marcos Barbosa Pains, Email marcospains@yahoo.com.brPurpose: An association between the use of chlorhexidine in mechanically ventilated patients for the purpose of oral hygiene and the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) lacks conclusive evidence in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to assess the clinical impact of such practice. This evaluation will consider that retention factors, infection foci, and oral biofilm will be regularly removed by a dentist.Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, a comparison was made between two groups, one using chlorhexidine and the other using saline solution. Patients from both groups included in this study were admitted between January 2016 to March 2018. Data such as the incidence of VAP, duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV), length of stay (LOS), and mortality rate (MR) were collected and compared between the groups. Only patients aged 18 or older, under mechanical ventilation for more than 48 consecutive hours were included. Were excluded from this study patients with a diagnosis of VAP or other pulmonary infection upon admission or within the first 48 hours of hospitalization. Also not included were those who stayed in the ICU for less than 48 hours. Dental treatment was carried out addressing the regular removal of retention factors, potential oral infection foci, and oral bio

This study aimsto know Fitness trends in Portugal for 2024. Also, will be donesome comparisons between peoplewith different professional titles (Physical Exercise Technician, Technical Director or No Title), between those who are performing func-tions or not as a fitness professional(PF), between sexes, and over the last 4 years, andalso confronting Portuguese results with those obtained in Spain, Europe and worldwide. This study followed the methodology of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), with an online questionnaire being applied to PF, health professionals related to exercise, and students in the fitness/sports/physical education sector(n = 422), with 50 trends. The results obtained reveal that the Top 5 main fitness trends in Portugal are, in descending order: “Personal trainer (PT)”, “Employing certified PF”, “Exercise for weight loss”, “PT for small groups” and “Traditional strengthtraining”.When comparing the groupsthere were differences in 8 trends between those holding different professional titles, 9 between those who perform or do not perform PF functions, 27 between sexes, and 31 between years.Portuguese fitness trends for 2024 are more similar to those of the Spanish study, with 7 identical trends in the Top 10, and the European study, with 6 identical trends in the Top 10, than to those of the ACSM worldstudy, with only 3 identical trends in the Top 10., Pretende-se, com o presente estudo, conhecer as tendências do Fitness em Portugal para 2024. Serão ainda realizadascomparações, entre grupos, designadamente: detentoresde título profissional diferente (Técnico de exercício físico, Diretor técnico ou Sem título);entre quem está a exercer funções ou não enquanto profissional de fitness (PF);entre sexos; últimos 4 anos;e confrontação dosresultados portugueses com os de Espanha, da Europa e mundiais.Este estudo seguiu a metodologia do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), tendo sidoaplicado um questionário onlinea PF,profissionais de saúde relacionados com o exercício, eestudantes do setor do fitness/desporto/educação física(n = 422), que continha 50 tendências.Os resultados obtidos revelam que o Top5 das principais tendências do fitness em Portugal são, por ordem decrescente:“Personal trainer (PT)”, “Empregar PF certificados”, “Exercício para a perda de peso”, “PT para pequenos grupos” e “Treino de força tradicional”.Quando comparados os gruposverificaram-se diferenças em 8 tendências entre os portadores de diferentes títulos profissionais, em 9 entre quem exerce ou não funções de PF, em 27 entre sexose em 31 entre anos.Astendências do fitness portuguesas, para 2024, assemelham-se mais às doestudo espanhol, com 7 tendências iguais no Top10, edoestudo europeu, com 6 tendências iguais no Top10, do que às doestudo mundial do ACSM, com apenas 3tendências iguais no Top10., El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las tendencias del Fitness en Portugal para 2024. Además, se pretendeestablecer comparaciones entre las personas con diferentes títulos profesionales (Técnico de Ejercicio Físico, Director Técnico,o Sin Título), entre quienes desempeñan o no funciones como profesionalde fitness(PF), entre sexos, y en los últimos 4 años, y también confrontarlos resultados de Portugal con los de España, Europa y mundiales.Este estudio siguió la metodología del American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM), aplicándose un cuestionario online a PF, a profesionales de la salud relacionados con el ejercicio y a estudiantes del sector fitness/deporte/educación física(n = 422), con 50 tendencias. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que el Top 5de las principales tendencias de fitness en Portugal son, en orden descendente: “EntrenamientoPersonal (PT), “Emplear PFcertificados”, “Ejercicio para perder peso”, “PT para grupos pequeños” y “Entrenamientode fuerza tradicional”.Al comparar los gruposhaydiferencias en 8 tenden-cias entre los que tienen diferentes títulos profesionales, en 9 entre los quedesempeñan o no funciones de PF, en 27 entre sexos, y en 31 entre años.Las tendencias de fitness portuguesas para 2024 son más similares a las del estudio español, con 7 tendencias idénticas en el Top 10, y al estudio europeo, con 6 tendencias idénticas en el Top 10, que a las del estudio mundialdel ACSM, con sólo 3 tendencias idénticas en el Top 10.

Este estudo visa explicar a importância de aplicar mapas mentais a uma comunidade como instrumento de investigação que permita a cocriação de experiências de turismo cultural. Assim, esta investigação identifica e avalia as perceções visuais/orais e as memórias dos residentes para mapear e modelar, através da análise de conteúdo, as entrevistas realizadas com os residentes. Na sua fase final, o projeto permitiu o envolvimento da comunidade local, estudantes e agentes culturais através de uma recriação/interpretação contemporânea do espaço. Entrevistas e mapas mentais foram aplicados a 32residentes da cidade de Lamego, de quatro faixas etárias diferentes, em quatro bairros distintos. Os 64mapas recolhidos permitiram a identificação de novos recursos naturais e culturais de património material e imaterial, bem como o reconhecimento de vários pontos ligados à singularidade e identidade da cidade e dos seus bairros, o que permitiu a criação de novos itinerários. Concluiu-se que a ligação dos residentes aos seus bairros influencia como percebem a cidade e os seus ícones simbólicos e representativos. Finalmente, foi possível, através de um projeto participativo, a cocriação de produtos de turismo patrimonial, permitindo a construção e renovação da oferta turística em pequenas cidades históricas.

The present study aims to identify the Fitness trends for 2023 in Portugal, characterizing and comparing them with the world trends, and comparing them between types of professional title (Physical exercise technician, Technical director or Untitled), between who is and who is not working as a Fitness professional (PF), between genders, and over the three years in which this study has been carried out specifically for Portugal (2021, 2022 and 2023). Reproducing the methodology of the American College of Sports Medicine study on global trends in Fitness, an online questionnaire was administered to 507 PF and exercise-related health professionals and to students in the Fitness/Physical education/Sports sector. It was found that the main Fitness trends for 2023 in Portugal are, in descending order, “Licenses (titles) for PF”, “Employing certified PF”, “PT”, “Exercise for weight loss” and “Healthy lifestyle and behavioral change”. This top 5 trend has been maintained since 2021, which shows stability with the top trends, with greater variability, between years, in trends with lower rankings. Portugal has its specificities in terms of Fitness trends, which are more similar to those in Europe than to the worldwide, emphasizing the importance of knowing about national trends. Significant differences were identified in terms of the opinion of the sample subjects about some Fitness trends for Portugal in 2023, with greater magnitude between genders and between who is and who is not performing FP function, El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las tendencias de Fitness para 2023 en Portugal, caracterizándolas y comparándolas con las tendencias mundiales, y comparándolas entre tipos de título profesional (Técnico de ejercicio físico, Director técnico o Sin título), entre quién está y quién no está trabajando como un profesional de Fitness (PF), entre géneros, y durante los tres años en los que se realizó este estudio específicamente para Portugal (2021, 2022 y 2023). Reproduciendo la metodología del estudio del American College of Sports Medicine sobre tendencias mundiales en Fitness, se administró un cuestionario online a 507 PF y profesionales de la salud relacionados con el ejercicio y a estudiantes en el sector del Fitness/Educación física/Deportes. Se constató que las principales tendencias de Fitness para 2023 en Portugal son, en orden descendente, “Licencias (títulos) para PF”, “Emplear PF certificados”, “PT”, “Ejercicio para perder peso” y “Estilo de vida saludable y cambio de comportamiento”. Estas tendencias top 5 se mantienen desde 2021, lo que muestra estabilidad con las tendencias top, con mayor variabilidad, entre años, en tendencias con rankings más bajos. Portugal tiene sus especificidades en términos de tendencias de Fitness, que son más similares a las de Europa que a las del mundo, lo que enfatiza la importancia de conocer las tendencias nacionales. Se identificaron diferencias significativas en la opinión de los sujetos de la muestra sobre algunas de las tendencias de Fitness para Portugal en 2023, con mayor magnitud entre géneros y entre quién está y quién no está desempeñando funciones de PF.

The purpose of this paper is to extend the knowledge on the relationships between internal marketing (IM), job satisfaction, organisational commitment, organisational trust, and job performance, by proposing and testing a model describing the impact of IM on these employees’ attitudes and behaviours. The data collection was carried out using a questionnaire applied to employees of the Portuguese local public sector (namely the five Municipalities of Alto Tâmega region). A total of 565 valid questionnaires were obtained and treated using structural equation modelling. The results show that IM positively and directly influences job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and organisational trust, but do not directly influence job performance. Job performance is influenced by organisational commitment and organisational trust, but not by job satisfaction. However, the indirect effect of job satisfaction on job performance, mediated by organisational commitment and trust, is significant. In turn, job satisfaction directly influences organisational commitment, which, in turn, has a direct impact on organisational trust. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a study of the relationship between IM and organisational trust has been conducted in the Portuguese local public sector context. Hopefully, the results obtained will significantly contribute to the development of the investigation of the effects of IM on this sector and to future research studies on internal marketing and public management., O objetivo deste artigo é alargar os conhecimentos sobre as relações entre marketing interno (IM), satisfação profissional, compromisso organizacional, confiança organizacional e desempenho profissional, propondo e testando um modelo sobre o papel do IM nas atitudes e comportamentos dos colaboradores. A recolha de dados foi realizada utilizando um questionário aplicado aos colaboradores do sector público local português. Foram obtidos e tratados um total de 565 questionários válidos utilizando a técnica de modelação de equações estruturais. Os resultados mostram que o MI influencia positiva e diretamente a satisfação profissional, o comprometimento organizacional, e a confiança organizacional, mas não diretamente o desempenho profissional. O desempenho no trabalho é influenciado pelo comprometimento organizacional e pela confiança organizacional, mas não pela satisfação no trabalho. Contudo, o efeito indireto da satisfação no trabalho sobre o desempenho no trabalho, mediado pelo comprometimento e confiança organizacional, é significativo. Por sua vez, a satisfação no trabalho influencia diretamente o comprometimento organizacional, o que por sua vez tem um impacto direto na confiança organizacional. Tanto quanto sabemos, é a primeira vez que o estudo da relação entre MI e a confiança organizacional foi investigado no contexto do sector público local. Esperase que os resultados tenham dado mais um passo na investigação dos efeitos do IM neste sector, contribuindo para a investigação futura nas literatures sobre marketing interno e gestão pública.

This article investigates the impact of trade openness on the consumption of fossil fuels for a panel of fourteen LAC countries over the period from 1990 to 2014. To this end, a PARDL model in unrestricted error-correction form is estimated. The results of the regression indicate that the impact of economic growth and the elasticity of trade openness are positive and statistically significant at 1%. Both contribute to increase the consumption of fossil fuels in the LAC countries. However, the impact and elasticity of the consumption of renewable energy are negative and statistically significant at 1% and 5% levels, thus contributing to decrease the consumption of fossilfuels.

This article investigates the impact of trade openness on the consumption of fossil fuels for a panel of fourteen LAC countries over the period from 1990 to 2014. To this end, a PARDL model in unrestricted error-correction form is estimated. The results of the regression indicate that the impact of economic growth and the elasticity of trade openness are positive and statistically significant at 1%. Both contribute to increase the consumption of fossil fuels in the LAC countries. However, the impact and elasticity of the consumption of renewable energy are negative and statistically significant at 1% and 5% levels, thus contributing to decrease the consumption of fossilfuels.

This article investigates the impact of trade openness and renewable energy on the consumption of fossil fuels for a panel of fourteen LAC countries over the period from 1990 to 2014. To this end, a PARDL model in unrestricted error-correction form is estimated, and robustness checks are performed by estimating a PNARDL model. The results of the PARDL model point indicate that the impact of economic growth and elasticity of trade openness are statistically significant at the 1% level and contribute to increased consumption of fossil fuels in the LAC countries. However, the impact and elasticity of consumption of renewable energy are statistically significant at 1% and 5% levels and thus contribute to decreasing consumption of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the asymmetry of the impact of consumption of renewable energy and its elasticity decrease the consumption of fossil fuels. Therefore, the positive impact of trade openness on the consumption of fossil fuels suggests that the process of globalisation by trade liberalisation in the LAC countries is not sufficient to bring more investment that encourages R&D in energy efficiency technologies, and equipment that reduces the consumption of energy from non-renewable energy sources by households and firms.

This article investigates the impact of trade openness and renewable energy on the consumption of fossil fuels for a panel of fourteen LAC countries over the period from 1990 to 2014. To this end, a PARDL model in unrestricted error-correction form is estimated, and robustness checks are performed by estimating a PNARDL model. The results of the PARDL model point indicate that the impact of economic growth and elasticity of trade openness are statistically significant at the 1% level and contribute to increased consumption of fossil fuels in the LAC countries. However, the impact and elasticity of consumption of renewable energy are statistically significant at 1% and 5% levels and thus contribute to decreasing consumption of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the asymmetry of the impact of consumption of renewable energy and its elasticity decrease the consumption of fossil fuels. Therefore, the positive impact of trade openness on the consumption of fossil fuels suggests that the process of globalisation by trade liberalisation in the LAC countries is not sufficient to bring more investment that encourages R&D in energy efficiency technologies, and equipment that reduces the consumption of energy from non-renewable energy sources by households and firms.

This study investigates the interrelationships between community attachment, community involvement, government management of tourism, perceived tourism benefits and perceived tourism costs, and support for sustainable tourism development. In line with previous studies in the field, a quantitative research design was adopted. The data collection was performed through a personal survey conducted at Lamego city, a historic city in North of Portugal (sample of 300 residents). Structural equation modelling technique was used as a means to analyse the hypothesised relationships. Results have shown that both community attachment and government management of tourism has a positive and significant impact on perceived benefits. Additionally, the effect of community involvement on residents support for sustainable tourism development is supported empirically. In relation to the impacts of tourism, the study also suggest a positive relationship between perceived benefits and support for sustainable tourism development. The results of this study emphasize the importance of analyzing residents’ perceptions in the decision-making and planning policy for tourism development., Este estudo investiga os inter-relacionamentos entre a ligação à comunidade, o envolvimento na comunidade, a gestão do poder público (GPP), os benefícios e custos percebidos do turismo e o apoio ao desenvolvimento turístico sustentável (DTS). Foi adoptada uma metodologia quantitativa sendo a recolha de dados feita através de um questionário aplicado pessoalmente a uma amostra de 300 residentes da cidade histórica de Lamego, no Norte de Portugal. Para analisar os relacionamentos propostos foi usada a técnica de modelos de equações estruturais. Os resultados mostram que a ligação à comunidade e a GPP na actividade turística exercem uma influência positiva e significativa nos benefícios percebidos do turismo. O efeito do envolvimento da comunidade no apoio (dos residentes) ao DTS foi suportado. No que diz respeito aos impactes do turismo, este estudo sugere, também, uma influência positiva entre os benefícios percebidos e o apoio ao DTS. Os resultados reforçam a importância de analisar a percepção dos residentes no planeamento e tomada de decisão de políticas para o desenvolvimento do turismo.

Educação e formação são conceitos interligados de que todas as políticas públicas se apropriam com significados, por vezes, distintos. No presente contexto assume-se a educação comoum objetivo último, e a formação como um processo que levará a esse propósito. Trata-se de educação CTS num contexto de educação científica formal e de orientações a dar à formaçãode professores que permitam alcançar tal finalidade, assumindo que existe uma grande diversidade de conceitos para educação CTS. Apresentam-se orientações para o ensino das ciências numpanorama internacional alargado e perspetivas de formação de professores adotadas pelo poder político, de acordo com visões veiculadas sobre a educação, a escola e a aprendizagem. Analisamse orientações curriculares para o ensino das ciências e premissas de legislação sobre formação de professores, em Portugal e Espanha. Tendo como referência a educação em ciências de orientação CTS | CTSA | EDS, recolherem-se dados empíricos, de natureza documental, em onze instituiçõesportuguesas de formação de professores dos ensinos básico e secundário, com vista a poder caraterizar perspetivas de formação de professores em curso. Verifica-se a partir da análise conduzida sobre os programas de unidades curriculares lecionadas que estas apresentam evidências explícitassobre a temática durante a formação inicial e contínua de professores. Não sendo a formação inicial de professores a única determinante da qualidade da educação, ela é fundamental e deve ser prosseguida na formação contínua. As instituições de ensino superior em Portugal detêm um corpo docente qualificado que desenvolve investigação em educação CTS | EDS, esta sim determinante para a definição das políticas efetivas de formação de professores de ciências.

This study investigates the interrelationships between community attachment, community involvement, government management of tourism, perceived tourism benefits and perceived tourism costs, and support for sustainable tourism development. In line with previous studies in the field, a quantitative research design was adopted. The data collection was performed through a personal survey conducted at Lamego city, a historic city in North of Portugal (sample of 300 residents). Structural equation modelling technique was used as a means to analyse the hypothesised relationships. Results have shown that both community attachment and government management of tourism has a positive and significant impact on perceived benefits. Additionally, the effect of community involvement on residents support for sustainable tourism development is supported empirically. In relation to the impacts of tourism, the study also suggest a positive relationship between perceived benefits and support for sustainable tourism development. The results of this study emphasize the importance of analyzing residents’ perceptions in the decision-making and planning policy for tourism development., Este estudo investiga os inter-relacionamentos entre a ligação à comunidade, o envolvimento na comunidade, a gestão do poder público (GPP), os benefícios e custos percebidos do turismo e o apoio ao desenvolvimento turístico sustentável (DTS). Foi adoptada uma metodologia quantitativa sendo a recolha de dados feita através de um questionário aplicado pessoalmente a uma amostra de 300 residentes da cidade histórica de Lamego, no Norte de Portugal. Para analisar os relacionamentos propostos foi usada a técnica de modelos de equações estruturais. Os resultados mostram que a ligação à comunidade e a GPP na actividade turística exercem uma influência positiva e significativa nos benefícios percebidos do turismo. O efeito do envolvimento da comunidade no apoio (dos residentes) ao DTS foi suportado. No que diz respeito aos impactes do turismo, este estudo sugere, também, uma influência positiva entre os benefícios percebidos e o apoio ao DTS. Os resultados reforçam a importância de analisar a percepção dos residentes no planeamento e tomada de decisão de políticas para o desenvolvimento do turismo.

Durante el año 2005 fueron implementados los programas Lenguaje I, II y III con la finalidad de ajustar los objetivos, contenidos y actividades a las necesidades e intereses educativos de los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso. En esta investigación se describen algunas concepciones sobre la enseñanza de la lengua materna de los profesores del Departamento de Lengua y Literatura de la Universidad Simón Bolívar. Para ello se diseñaron y aplicaron dos cuestionarios. Luego, se analizaron los resultados tomando en cuenta las frecuencias de los tipos de texto solicitados por estos profesores, su valoración sobre los criterios de evaluación de los textos escritos y sus acuerdos y desacuerdos sobre qué es la lengua y cómo debe ser enseñada en la universidad. Con base en este diagnóstico, en la conclusión se plantean tanto posibles acciones en cuanto a la formación docente como problemas para futuros trabajos de investigación.

Pretende este artigo apresentar o projecto de Voluntariado Cultural – Cultura Voluntária em Lamego, procurando relacionar os objectivos inerentes a um programa de Voluntariado com os propósitos e as realidades conducentes ao seu desenvolvimento, por parte de uma instituição de ensino superior. Por outro lado, pretende-se descrever as diferentes etapas de progresso e alargamento deste programa, apontando ainda, outras reflexões e propósitos a incrementar no futuro.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el conocimiento profesional (CP), en particular el conocimiento didáctico, en las vertientes del conocimiento curricular y del proceso instruccional, comprender el desarrollo profesional (DP) y los factores que lo desarrollan, y estudiar la relación entre el DP del conocimiento de sí mismo, el desarrollo de nuevas competencias profesionales y la toma de conciencia de aspectos de su CP, y percibir también que las nuevas tecnologías (NT) tienen importantes implicaciones en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas. No implican apenas ligeras alteraciones en las formas tradicionales de trabajar los diversos tópicos, pero proporcionan un profundo cambio en los objetivos y en las prácticas. Su utilización continua permite aproximar las Matemáticas a las otras materias escolares y a la vida, suscitar los intereses de los alumnos e incrementar y diversificar las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se asume la perspectiva de que el profesor es un profesional competente y responsable, que tiene un papel fundamental a desempeñar, y que posee un conocimiento propio y una capacidad reflexiva y de acción en cuanto a su práctica. La metodología adoptada, de naturaleza cualitativa, incluye la observación de clases, reuniones de equipo, realización de entrevistas y cuestionarios, reflexiones sobre las clases y las reuniones y la construcción de narrativas. El análisis de los datos se basó en los presupuestos teóricos del estudio y las categorías definidas a partir de la confrontación de los datos recogidos con esos presupuestos, e incidió sobre los aspectos principales del papel de las profesoras implicadas en el estudio, concretamente: crear condiciones para el desarrollo de actividades; predisponer a la actividad; sustentar la actividad; promover el desarrollo del proceso investigativo; evidenciar la naturaleza de las actividades de investigación; promover la comunicación y el desarrollo de conceptos y procedimientos., This work has as objective to investigate the professional knowledge (CP), in particular, the didactic knowledge, in the slopes of the curricular knowledge and of the process instruccional, to understand the professional development (DP) and the factors that develop it, and to study the relationship among the DP of the knowledge of itself, the development of new professional competitions and the taking of conscience of aspects of his CP and to also perceive that the new technologies (NT) have important implications in the teaching of the Mathematics. They don't hardly imply to slight alterations in the traditional forms of working the diverse topics, but they still provide a deep change in the objectives and in the practices. Their continuous use it allows to approach the Mathematics to the other school matters and the life, to raise the interests of the students and to lengthen and to diversify the teaching activities and learning. The perspective is assumed that the professor is a competent and responsible professional that has a fundamental paper to carry out, and that it possesses an own knowledge and a reflexive capacity and of action as for his practice. The adopted methodology, of qualitative nature, it includes the observation of classes, team meetings, realization of interviews and questionnaires, reflections on the classes and the meetings and the construction of narrative. The analysis of the data was based on the theoretical budgets of the study and the defined categories starting from the confrontation of the data picked up with those budgets, and it impacted on the main aspects of the paper of the teachers, concretely: to create conditions for the development of activities; to predispose to the activity; to sustain the activity; to promote the development of the investigative process; to evidence the nature of the investigation activities; to promote the communication and the development of concepts and procedures.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el conocimiento profesional (CP), en particular el conocimiento didáctico, en las vertientes del conocimiento curricular y del proceso instruccional, comprender el desarrollo profesional (DP) y los factores que lo desarrollan, y estudiar la relación entre el DP del conocimiento de sí mismo, el desarrollo de nuevas competencias profesionales y la toma de conciencia de aspectos de su CP, y percibir también que las nuevas tecnologías (NT) tienen importantes implicaciones en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas. No implican apenas ligeras alteraciones en las formas tradicionales de trabajar los diversos tópicos, pero proporcionan un profundo cambio en los objetivos y en las prácticas. Su utilización continua permite aproximar las Matemáticas a las otras materias escolares y a la vida, suscitar los intereses de los alumnos e incrementar y diversificar las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se asume la perspectiva de que el profesor es un profesional competente y responsable, que tiene un papel fundamental a desempeñar, y que posee un conocimiento propio y una capacidad reflexiva y de acción en cuanto a su práctica. La metodología adoptada, de naturaleza cualitativa, incluye la observación de clases, reuniones de equipo, realización de entrevistas y cuestionarios, reflexiones sobre las clases y las reuniones y la construcción de narrativas. El análisis de los datos se basó en los presupuestos teóricos del estudio y las categorías definidas a partir de la confrontación de los datos recogidos con esos presupuestos, e incidió sobre los aspectos principales del papel de las profesoras implicadas en el estudio, concretamente: crear condiciones para el desarrollo de actividades; predisponer a la actividad; sustentar la actividad; promover el desarrollo del proceso investigativo; evidenciar la naturaleza de las actividades de investigación; promover la comunicación y el desarrollo de conceptos y procedimientos., This work has as objective to investigate the professional knowledge (CP), in particular, the didactic knowledge, in the slopes of the curricular knowledge and of the process instruccional, to understand the professional development (DP) and the factors that develop it, and to study the relationship among the DP of the knowledge of itself, the development of new professional competitions and the taking of conscience of aspects of his CP and to also perceive that the new technologies (NT) have important implications in the teaching of the Mathematics. They don't hardly imply to slight alterations in the traditional forms of working the diverse topics, but they still provide a deep change in the objectives and in the practices. Their continuous use it allows to approach the Mathematics to the other school matters and the life, to raise the interests of the students and to lengthen and to diversify the teaching activities and learning. The perspective is assumed that the professor is a competent and responsible professional that has a fundamental paper to carry out, and that it possesses an own knowledge and a reflexive capacity and of action as for his practice. The adopted methodology, of qualitative nature, it includes the observation of classes, team meetings, realization of interviews and questionnaires, reflections on the classes and the meetings and the construction of narrative. The analysis of the data was based on the theoretical budgets of the study and the defined categories starting from the confrontation of the data picked up with those budgets, and it impacted on the main aspects of the paper of the teachers, concretely: to create conditions for the development of activities; to predispose to the activity; to sustain the activity; to promote the development of the investigative process; to evidence the nature of the investigation activities; to promote the communication and the development of concepts and procedures.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el conocimiento profesional (CP), en particular el conocimiento didáctico, en las vertientes del conocimiento curricular y del proceso instruccional, comprender el desarrollo profesional (DP) y los factores que lo desarrollan, y estudiar la relación entre el DP del conocimiento de sí mismo, el desarrollo de nuevas competencias profesionales y la toma de conciencia de aspectos de su CP, y percibir también que las nuevas tecnologías (NT) tienen importantes implicaciones en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas. No implican apenas ligeras alteraciones en las formas tradicionales de trabajar los diversos tópicos, pero proporcionan un profundo cambio en los objetivos y en las prácticas. Su utilización continua permite aproximar las Matemáticas a las otras materias escolares y a la vida, suscitar los intereses de los alumnos e incrementar y diversificar las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se asume la perspectiva de que el profesor es un profesional competente y responsable, que tiene un papel fundamental a desempeñar, y que posee un conocimiento propio y una capacidad reflexiva y de acción en cuanto a su práctica. La metodología adoptada, de naturaleza cualitativa, incluye la observación de clases, reuniones de equipo, realización de entrevistas y cuestionarios, reflexiones sobre las clases y las reuniones y la construcción de narrativas. El análisis de los datos se basó en los presupuestos teóricos del estudio y las categorías definidas a partir de la confrontación de los datos recogidos con esos presupuestos, e incidió sobre los aspectos principales del papel de las profesoras implicadas en el estudio, concretamente: crear condiciones para el desarrollo de actividades; predisponer a la actividad; sustentar la actividad; promover el desarrollo del proceso investigativo; evidenciar la naturaleza de las actividades de investigación; promover la comunicación y el desarrollo de conceptos y procedimientos., This work has as objective to investigate the professional knowledge (CP), in particular, the didactic knowledge, in the slopes of the curricular knowledge and of the process instruccional, to understand the professional development (DP) and the factors that develop it, and to study the relationship among the DP of the knowledge of itself, the development of new professional competitions and the taking of conscience of aspects of his CP and to also perceive that the new technologies (NT) have important implications in the teaching of the Mathematics. They don't hardly imply to slight alterations in the traditional forms of working the diverse topics, but they still provide a deep change in the objectives and in the practices. Their continuous use it allows to approach the Mathematics to the other school matters and the life, to raise the interests of the students and to lengthen and to diversify the teaching activities and learning. The perspective is assumed that the professor is a competent and responsible professional that has a fundamental paper to carry out, and that it possesses an own knowledge and a reflexive capacity and of action as for his practice. The adopted methodology, of qualitative nature, it includes the observation of classes, team meetings, realization of interviews and questionnaires, reflections on the classes and the meetings and the construction of narrative. The analysis of the data was based on the theoretical budgets of the study and the defined categories starting from the confrontation of the data picked up with those budgets, and it impacted on the main aspects of the paper of the teachers, concretely: to create conditions for the development of activities; to predispose to the activity; to sustain the activity; to promote the development of the investigative process; to evidence the nature of the investigation activities; to promote the communication and the development of concepts and procedures.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el conocimiento profesional (CP), en particular el conocimiento didáctico, en las vertientes del conocimiento curricular y del proceso instruccional, comprender el desarrollo profesional (DP) y los factores que lo desarrollan, y estudiar la relación entre el DP del conocimiento de sí mismo, el desarrollo de nuevas competencias profesionales y la toma de conciencia de aspectos de su CP, y percibir también que las nuevas tecnologías (NT) tienen importantes implicaciones en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas. No implican apenas ligeras alteraciones en las formas tradicionales de trabajar los diversos tópicos, pero proporcionan un profundo cambio en los objetivos y en las prácticas. Su utilización continua permite aproximar las Matemáticas a las otras materias escolares y a la vida, suscitar los intereses de los alumnos e incrementar y diversificar las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se asume la perspectiva de que el profesor es un profesional competente y responsable, que tiene un papel fundamental a desempeñar, y que posee un conocimiento propio y una capacidad reflexiva y de acción en cuanto a su práctica. La metodología adoptada, de naturaleza cualitativa, incluye la observación de clases, reuniones de equipo, realización de entrevistas y cuestionarios, reflexiones sobre las clases y las reuniones y la construcción de narrativas. El análisis de los datos se basó en los presupuestos teóricos del estudio y las categorías definidas a partir de la confrontación de los datos recogidos con esos presupuestos, e incidió sobre los aspectos principales del papel de las profesoras implicadas en el estudio, concretamente: crear condiciones para el desarrollo de actividades; predisponer a la actividad; sustentar la actividad; promover el desarrollo del proceso investigativo; evidenciar la naturaleza de las actividades de investigación; promover la comunicación y el desarrollo de conceptos y procedimientos., This work has as objective to investigate the professional knowledge (CP), in particular, the didactic knowledge, in the slopes of the curricular knowledge and of the process instruccional, to understand the professional development (DP) and the factors that develop it, and to study the relationship among the DP of the knowledge of itself, the development of new professional competitions and the taking of conscience of aspects of his CP and to also perceive that the new technologies (NT) have important implications in the teaching of the Mathematics. They don't hardly imply to slight alterations in the traditional forms of working the diverse topics, but they still provide a deep change in the objectives and in the practices. Their continuous use it allows to approach the Mathematics to the other school matters and the life, to raise the interests of the students and to lengthen and to diversify the teaching activities and learning. The perspective is assumed that the professor is a competent and responsible professional that has a fundamental paper to carry out, and that it possesses an own knowledge and a reflexive capacity and of action as for his practice. The adopted methodology, of qualitative nature, it includes the observation of classes, team meetings, realization of interviews and questionnaires, reflections on the classes and the meetings and the construction of narrative. The analysis of the data was based on the theoretical budgets of the study and the defined categories starting from the confrontation of the data picked up with those budgets, and it impacted on the main aspects of the paper of the teachers, concretely: to create conditions for the development of activities; to predispose to the activity; to sustain the activity; to promote the development of the investigative process; to evidence the nature of the investigation activities; to promote the communication and the development of concepts and procedures.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el conocimiento profesional (CP), en particular el conocimiento didáctico, en las vertientes del conocimiento curricular y del proceso instruccional, comprender el desarrollo profesional (DP) y los factores que lo desarrollan, y estudiar la relación entre el DP del conocimiento de sí mismo, el desarrollo de nuevas competencias profesionales y la toma de conciencia de aspectos de su CP, y percibir también que las nuevas tecnologías (NT) tienen importantes implicaciones en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas. No implican apenas ligeras alteraciones en las formas tradicionales de trabajar los diversos tópicos, pero proporcionan un profundo cambio en los objetivos y en las prácticas. Su utilización continua permite aproximar las Matemáticas a las otras materias escolares y a la vida, suscitar los intereses de los alumnos e incrementar y diversificar las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se asume la perspectiva de que el profesor es un profesional competente y responsable, que tiene un papel fundamental a desempeñar, y que posee un conocimiento propio y una capacidad reflexiva y de acción en cuanto a su práctica. La metodología adoptada, de naturaleza cualitativa, incluye la observación de clases, reuniones de equipo, realización de entrevistas y cuestionarios, reflexiones sobre las clases y las reuniones y la construcción de narrativas. El análisis de los datos se basó en los presupuestos teóricos del estudio y las categorías definidas a partir de la confrontación de los datos recogidos con esos presupuestos, e incidió sobre los aspectos principales del papel de las profesoras implicadas en el estudio, concretamente: crear condiciones para el desarrollo de actividades; predisponer a la actividad; sustentar la actividad; promover el desarrollo del proceso investigativo; evidenciar la naturaleza de las actividades de investigación; promover la comunicación y el desarrollo de conceptos y procedimientos., This work has as objective to investigate the professional knowledge (CP), in particular, the didactic knowledge, in the slopes of the curricular knowledge and of the process instruccional, to understand the professional development (DP) and the factors that develop it, and to study the relationship among the DP of the knowledge of itself, the development of new professional competitions and the taking of conscience of aspects of his CP and to also perceive that the new technologies (NT) have important implications in the teaching of the Mathematics. They don't hardly imply to slight alterations in the traditional forms of working the diverse topics, but they still provide a deep change in the objectives and in the practices. Their continuous use it allows to approach the Mathematics to the other school matters and the life, to raise the interests of the students and to lengthen and to diversify the teaching activities and learning. The perspective is assumed that the professor is a competent and responsible professional that has a fundamental paper to carry out, and that it possesses an own knowledge and a reflexive capacity and of action as for his practice. The adopted methodology, of qualitative nature, it includes the observation of classes, team meetings, realization of interviews and questionnaires, reflections on the classes and the meetings and the construction of narrative. The analysis of the data was based on the theoretical budgets of the study and the defined categories starting from the confrontation of the data picked up with those budgets, and it impacted on the main aspects of the paper of the teachers, concretely: to create conditions for the development of activities; to predispose to the activity; to sustain the activity; to promote the development of the investigative process; to evidence the nature of the investigation activities; to promote the communication and the development of concepts and procedures.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el conocimiento profesional (CP), en particular el conocimiento didáctico, en las vertientes del conocimiento curricular y del proceso instruccional, comprender el desarrollo profesional (DP) y los factores que lo desarrollan, y estudiar la relación entre el DP del conocimiento de sí mismo, el desarrollo de nuevas competencias profesionales y la toma de conciencia de aspectos de su CP, y percibir también que las nuevas tecnologías (NT) tienen importantes implicaciones en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas. No implican apenas ligeras alteraciones en las formas tradicionales de trabajar los diversos tópicos, pero proporcionan un profundo cambio en los objetivos y en las prácticas. Su utilización continua permite aproximar las Matemáticas a las otras materias escolares y a la vida, suscitar los intereses de los alumnos e incrementar y diversificar las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se asume la perspectiva de que el profesor es un profesional competente y responsable, que tiene un papel fundamental a desempeñar, y que posee un conocimiento propio y una capacidad reflexiva y de acción en cuanto a su práctica. La metodología adoptada, de naturaleza cualitativa, incluye la observación de clases, reuniones de equipo, realización de entrevistas y cuestionarios, reflexiones sobre las clases y las reuniones y la construcción de narrativas. El análisis de los datos se basó en los presupuestos teóricos del estudio y las categorías definidas a partir de la confrontación de los datos recogidos con esos presupuestos, e incidió sobre los aspectos principales del papel de las profesoras implicadas en el estudio, concretamente: crear condiciones para el desarrollo de actividades; predisponer a la actividad; sustentar la actividad; promover el desarrollo del proceso investigativo; evidenciar la naturaleza de las actividades de investigación; promover la comunicación y el desarrollo de conceptos y procedimientos., This work has as objective to investigate the professional knowledge (CP), in particular, the didactic knowledge, in the slopes of the curricular knowledge and of the process instruccional, to understand the professional development (DP) and the factors that develop it, and to study the relationship among the DP of the knowledge of itself, the development of new professional competitions and the taking of conscience of aspects of his CP and to also perceive that the new technologies (NT) have important implications in the teaching of the Mathematics. They don't hardly imply to slight alterations in the traditional forms of working the diverse topics, but they still provide a deep change in the objectives and in the practices. Their continuous use it allows to approach the Mathematics to the other school matters and the life, to raise the interests of the students and to lengthen and to diversify the teaching activities and learning. The perspective is assumed that the professor is a competent and responsible professional that has a fundamental paper to carry out, and that it possesses an own knowledge and a reflexive capacity and of action as for his practice. The adopted methodology, of qualitative nature, it includes the observation of classes, team meetings, realization of interviews and questionnaires, reflections on the classes and the meetings and the construction of narrative. The analysis of the data was based on the theoretical budgets of the study and the defined categories starting from the confrontation of the data picked up with those budgets, and it impacted on the main aspects of the paper of the teachers, concretely: to create conditions for the development of activities; to predispose to the activity; to sustain the activity; to promote the development of the investigative process; to evidence the nature of the investigation activities; to promote the communication and the development of concepts and procedures.

Os trabalhos de geógrafos e mais recentemente de antropólogos1 sobre frentes de expansão no Brasil caracterizam a região de frente em termos das modificações ecológicas, das transformações nas atividades econômicas, na posse e uso da terra e nas relações de trabalho, detendo-se mais ora num, ora noutro desses aspectos. No entanto, duas ordens de críticas merecem comentários