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In response to flood risk, design flood estimation is a cornerstone of planning, infrastructure design, setting of insurance premiums, and emergency response planning. Under stationary assumptions, flood guidance and the methods used in design flood estimation are firmly established in practice and mature in their theoretical foundations, but under climate change, guidance is still in its infancy. Human-caused climate change is influencing factors that contribute to flood risk such as rainfall extremes and soil moisture, and there is a need for updated flood guidance. However, a barrier to updating flood guidance is the translation of the science into practical application. For example, most science pertaining to historical changes to flood risk focuses on examining trends in annual maximum flood events or the application of non-stationary flood frequency analysis. Although this science is valuable, in practice, design flood estimation focuses on exceedance probabilities much rarer than annual maximum events, such as the 1 % annual exceedance probability event or even rarer, using rainfall-based procedures, at locations where there are few to no observations of streamflow. Here, we perform a systematic review to summarize the state-of-the-art understanding of the impact of climate change on design flood estimation in the Australian context, while also drawing on international literature. In addition, a meta-analysis, whereby results from multiple studies are combined, is conducted for extreme rainfall to provide quantitative estimates of possible future changes. This information is described in the context of contemporary design flood estimation practice to facilitate the inclusion of climate science into design flood estimation practice.

Extreme flood events have regional differences in their generating mechanisms due to the complex interaction of different climate and catchment processes. This study aims to examine the capability of climate drivers to capture year‐to‐year variability in global flood extremes. Here, we use a statistical attribution approach to model seasonal and annual maximum daily discharge for 7,886 stations worldwide, using season‐ and basin‐averaged precipitation and temperature as predictors. The results show robust performance of our seasonal climate‐informed models in describing the inter‐annual variability in seasonal and annual maximum discharges regardless of the geographical region, climate type, basin size, degree of regulation, and impervious area. The developed models enable the assessment of the sensitivity of flood discharge to precipitation and temperature changes, indicating their potential to reliably project changes in the magnitude of flood extremes.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and extended reality (XR) in the beauty industry. In this paper, we present an AI-assisted skin care recommendation system integrated into an XR platform. The system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyse an individual's skin type and recommend personalised skin care products in an immersive and interactive manner. Our methodology involves collecting data from individuals through a questionnaire and conducting skin analysis using a provided facial image in an immersive environment. This data is then used to train the CNN model, which recognises the skin type and existing issues and allows the recommendation engine to suggest personalised skin care products. We evaluate our system in terms of the accuracy of the CNN model, which achieves an average score of 93% in correctly classifying existing skin issues. Being integrated into an XR system, this approach has the potential to significantly enhance the beauty industry by providing immersive and engaging experiences to users, leading to more efficient and consistent skincare routines.

Hybrid hydroclimatic forecasting systems employ data-driven (statistical or machine learning) methods to harness and integrate a broad variety of predictions from dynamical, physics-based models – such as numerical weather prediction, climate, land, hydrology, and Earth system models – into a final prediction product. They are recognized as a promising way of enhancing the prediction skill of meteorological and hydroclimatic variables and events, including rainfall, temperature, streamflow, floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, or atmospheric rivers. Hybrid forecasting methods are now receiving growing attention due to advances in weather and climate prediction systems at subseasonal to decadal scales, a better appreciation of the strengths of AI, and expanding access to computational resources and methods. Such systems are attractive because they may avoid the need to run a computationally expensive offline land model, can minimize the effect of biases that exist within dynamical outputs, benefit from the strengths of machine learning, and can learn from large datasets, while combining different sources of predictability with varying time horizons. Here we review recent developments in hybrid hydroclimatic forecasting and outline key challenges and opportunities for further research. These include obtaining physically explainable results, assimilating human influences from novel data sources, integrating new ensemble techniques to improve predictive skill, creating seamless prediction schemes that merge short to long lead times, incorporating initial land surface and ocean/ice conditions, acknowledging spatial variability in landscape and atmospheric forcing, and increasing the operational uptake of hybrid prediction schemes.

Hybrid hydroclimatic forecasting systems employ data-driven (statistical or machine learning) methods to harness and integrate a broad variety of predictions from dynamical, physics-based models – such as numerical weather prediction, climate, land, hydrology, and Earth system models – into a final prediction product. They are recognized as a promising way of enhancing the prediction skill of meteorological and hydroclimatic variables and events, including rainfall, temperature, streamflow, floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, or atmospheric rivers. Hybrid forecasting methods are now receiving growing attention due to advances in weather and climate prediction systems at subseasonal to decadal scales, a better appreciation of the strengths of AI, and expanding access to computational resources and methods. Such systems are attractive because they may avoid the need to run a computationally expensive offline land model, can minimize the effect of biases that exist within dynamical outputs, benefit from the strengths of machine learning, and can learn from large datasets, while combining different sources of predictability with varying time horizons. Here we review recent developments in hybrid hydroclimatic forecasting and outline key challenges and opportunities for further research. These include obtaining physically explainable results, assimilating human influences from novel data sources, integrating new ensemble techniques to improve predictive skill, creating seamless prediction schemes that merge short to long lead times, incorporating initial land surface and ocean/ice conditions, acknowledging spatial variability in landscape and atmospheric forcing, and increasing the operational uptake of hybrid prediction schemes.

Hybrid hydroclimatic forecasting systems employ data-driven (statistical or machine learning) methods to harness and integrate a broad variety of predictions from dynamical, physics-based models – such as numerical weather prediction, climate, land, hydrology, and Earth system models – into a final prediction product. They are recognized as a promising way of enhancing the prediction skill of meteorological and hydroclimatic variables and events, including rainfall, temperature, streamflow, floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, or atmospheric rivers. Hybrid forecasting methods are now receiving growing attention due to advances in weather and climate prediction systems at subseasonal to decadal scales, a better appreciation of the strengths of AI, and expanding access to computational resources and methods. Such systems are attractive because they may avoid the need to run a computationally expensive offline land model, can minimize the effect of biases that exist within dynamical outputs, benefit from the strengths of machine learning, and can learn from large datasets, while combining different sources of predictability with varying time horizons. Here we review recent developments in hybrid hydroclimatic forecasting and outline key challenges and opportunities for further research. These include obtaining physically explainable results, assimilating human influences from novel data sources, integrating new ensemble techniques to improve predictive skill, creating seamless prediction schemes that merge short to long lead times, incorporating initial land surface and ocean/ice conditions, acknowledging spatial variability in landscape and atmospheric forcing, and increasing the operational uptake of hybrid prediction schemes.

Hybrid hydroclimatic forecasting systems employ data-driven (statistical or machine learning) methods to harness and integrate a broad variety of predictions from dynamical, physics-based models – such as numerical weather prediction, climate, land, hydrology, and Earth system models – into a final prediction product. They are recognized as a promising way of enhancing the prediction skill of meteorological and hydroclimatic variables and events, including rainfall, temperature, streamflow, floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, or atmospheric rivers. Hybrid forecasting methods are now receiving growing attention due to advances in weather and climate prediction systems at subseasonal to decadal scales, a better appreciation of the strengths of AI, and expanding access to computational resources and methods. Such systems are attractive because they may avoid the need to run a computationally expensive offline land model, can minimize the effect of biases that exist within dynamical outputs, benefit from the strengths of machine learning, and can learn from large datasets, while combining different sources of predictability with varying time horizons. Here we review recent developments in hybrid hydroclimatic forecasting and outline key challenges and opportunities for further research. These include obtaining physically explainable results, assimilating human influences from novel data sources, integrating new ensemble techniques to improve predictive skill, creating seamless prediction schemes that merge short to long lead times, incorporating initial land surface and ocean/ice conditions, acknowledging spatial variability in landscape and atmospheric forcing, and increasing the operational uptake of hybrid prediction schemes.

1,4-Anhydro-4-seleno-D-talitol (SeTal) is a highly water-soluble selenosugar with interesting antioxidant and skin-tissue-repair properties; it is highly stable in simulated gastric and gastrointestinal fluids and is a potential pharmaceutical ingredient that may be administered orally. Hepatic toxicity is often a major problem with novel drugs and can result in drug withdrawal from the market. Predicting hepatotoxicity is therefore essential to minimize late failure in the drug-discovery process. Herein, we report in vitro studies to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of SeTal in HepG2 and hepatocyte-like differentiated HepaRG cells. Except for extremely high concentrations (10 mM, 68 h-treatment in HepG2), SeTal did not affect the viability of each cell type. While the highest examined concentrations (0.75 and 1 mM in HepG2; 1 mM in HepaRG) were observed to induce primary DNA damage, SeTal did not exhibit clastogenic or aneugenic activity toward either HepG2 or HepaRG cells. Moreover, no significant cytostasis variations were observed in any experiment. The clearly negative results observed in the CBMN test suggest that SeTal might be used as a potential active pharmaceutical ingredient. The present study will be useful for the selection of non-toxic concentrations of SeTal in future investigations.

1,4-Anhydro-4-seleno-D-talitol (SeTal) is a highly water-soluble selenosugar with interesting antioxidant and skin-tissue-repair properties; it is highly stable in simulated gastric and gastrointestinal fluids and is a potential pharmaceutical ingredient that may be administered orally. Hepatic toxicity is often a major problem with novel drugs and can result in drug withdrawal from the market. Predicting hepatotoxicity is therefore essential to minimize late failure in the drug-discovery process. Herein, we report in vitro studies to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of SeTal in HepG2 and hepatocyte-like differentiated HepaRG cells. Except for extremely high concentrations (10 mM, 68 h-treatment in HepG2), SeTal did not affect the viability of each cell type. While the highest examined concentrations (0.75 and 1 mM in HepG2; 1 mM in HepaRG) were observed to induce primary DNA damage, SeTal did not exhibit clastogenic or aneugenic activity toward either HepG2 or HepaRG cells. Moreover, no significant cytostasis variations were observed in any experiment. The clearly negative results observed in the CBMN test suggest that SeTal might be used as a potential active pharmaceutical ingredient. The present study will be useful for the selection of non-toxic concentrations of SeTal in future investigations.

The objective of augmented reality (AR) is to add digital content to natural images and videos to create an interactive experience between the user and the environment. Scene analysis and object recognition play a crucial role in AR, as they must be performed quickly and accurately. In this study, a new approach is proposed that involves using oriented bounding boxes with a detection and recognition deep network to improve performance and processing time. The approach is evaluated using two datasets: a real image dataset (DOTA dataset) commonly used for computer vision tasks, and a synthetic dataset that simulates different environmental, lighting, and acquisition conditions. The focus of the evaluation is on small objects, which are difficult to detect and recognise. The results indicate that the proposed approach tends to produce better Average Precision and greater accuracy for small objects in most of the tested conditions., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, conference

Africa is severely affected by floods, with an increasing vulnerability to these events in the most recent decades. Our improved preparation against and response to this hazard would benefit from an enhanced understanding of the physical processes at play. Here, a database of 399 African stream gauges is used to analyze the seasonality of observed annual maximum flood, precipitation and soil moisture between 1981 and 2018. The database includes a total of 11,302 flood events, covering most African regions. The analysis is based on directional statistics to compare the annual maximum river flood with annual maximum rainfall and soil moisture. The results show that the annual maximum flood in most areas is more strongly linked to the annual peak of soil moisture than of annual maximum precipitation. In addition, the interannual variability of flood magnitudes is better explained by the variability of annual maximum soil moisture than by the variability in the annual maximum precipitation. These results have important implications for flood forecasting and the analysis of the long-term evolution of these hydrological hazards in relation with their drivers., Water Resources

A large number of recent studies have aimed at understanding short-duration rainfall extremes, due to their impacts on flash floods, landslides and debris flows and potential for these to worsen with global warming. This has been led in a concerted international effort by the INTENSE Crosscutting Project of the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Exchanges) Hydroclimatology Panel. Here, we summarize the main findings so far and suggest future directions for research, including: the benefits of convection-permitting climate modelling; towards understanding mechanisms of change; the usefulness of temperature-scaling relations; towards detecting and attributing extreme rainfall change; and the need for international coordination and collaboration. Evidence suggests that the intensity of long-duration (1 day+) heavy precipitation increases with climate warming close to the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) rate (6-7% K-1), although large-scale circulation changes affect this response regionally. However, rare events can scale at higher rates, and localized heavy short-duration (hourly and sub-hourly) intensities can respond more strongly (e.g. 2 × CC instead of CC). Day-to-day scaling of short-duration intensities supports a higher scaling, with mechanisms proposed for this related to local-scale dynamics of convective storms, but its relevance to climate change is not clear. Uncertainty in changes to precipitation extremes remains and is influenced by many factors, including large-scale circulation, convective storm dynamics andstratification. Despite this, recent research has increased confidence in both the detectability and understanding of changes in various aspects of intense short-duration rainfall. To make further progress, the international coordination of datasets, model experiments and evaluations will be required, with consistent and standardized comparison methods and metrics, and recommendations are made for these frameworks. This article is part of a discussion meeting

Concepts like the 100-year flood event can be misleading if they are not updated to reflect significant changes over time. Here, we model observed annual maximum daily streamflow using a nonstationary approach to provide the first global picture of changes in: (a) the magnitudes of the 20-, 50-, and 100-year floods (i.e., flows of a given exceedance probability in each year); (b) the return periods of the 20-, 50-, and 100-year floods, as assessed in 1970 (i.e., flows of a fixed magnitude); and (c) corresponding flood probabilities. Empirically, we find the 20-/50-year floods have mostly increased in temperate climate zones, but decreased in arid, tropical, polar, and cold zones. In contrast, 100-year floods have mostly decreased in arid/temperate zones and exhibit mixed trends in cold zones, but results are influenced by the small number of stations with long records, and highlight the need for continued updating of hazard assessments.

This study examines the climatology and structure of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) based on the atmosphere-only Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP runs of the PRocess-based climate sIMulation: AdVances in high resolution modelling and European climate Risk Assessment (PRIMAVERA) Project during 1979–2014. We evaluate how the spatial resolution of climate models with a variety of dynamic cores and parameterization schemes affects the representation of TC rainfall. These HighResMIP atmosphere-only runs that prescribe historical sea surface temperatures and radiative forcings can well reproduce the observed spatial pattern of TC rainfall climatology, with high-resolution models generally performing better than the low-resolution ones. Overall, the HighResMIP atmosphere-only runs can also reproduce the observed percentage contribution of TC rainfall to total amounts, with an overall better performance by the high-resolution models. The models perform better over ocean than over land in simulating climatological total TC rainfall, TC rainfall proportion and TC rainfall per TC in terms of spatial correlation. All the models in the HighResMIP atmosphere-only runs underestimate the observed composite TC rainfall structure over both land and ocean, especially in their lower resolutions. The underestimation of rainfall composites by the HighResMIP atmosphere-only runs is also supported by the radial profile of TC rainfall. Overall, the increased spatial resolution generally leads to an improved model performance in reproducing the observed TC rainfall properties., We thank the two anomynous reviewers for insightful comments. Wei Zhang and Gabriele Villarini acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation under Grant EAR-1840742. MR, LPC, CDR, RS, PLV, ES, BV, DP, and MPM acknowledge funding from the PRIMAVERA project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme under Grant Agreement No. 641727. All the data and codes are available upon reasonable request. There is no conflict of interest for this work., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Concepts like the 100-year flood event can be misleading if they are not updated to reflect significant changes over time. Here, we model observed annual maximum daily streamflow using a nonstationary approach to provide the first global picture of changes in: (a) the magnitudes of the 20-, 50-, and 100-year floods (i.e., flows of a given exceedance probability in each year); (b) the return periods of the 20-, 50-, and 100-year floods, as assessed in 1970 (i.e., flows of a fixed magnitude); and (c) corresponding flood probabilities. Empirically, we find the 20-/50-year floods have mostly increased in temperate climate zones, but decreased in arid, tropical, polar, and cold zones. In contrast, 100-year floods have mostly decreased in arid/temperate zones and exhibit mixed trends in cold zones, but results are influenced by the small number of stations with long records, and highlight the need for continued updating of hazard assessments.

Africa is severely affected by floods, with an increasing vulnerability to these events in the most recent decades. Our improved preparation against and response to this hazard would benefit from an enhanced understanding of the physical processes at play. Here, a database of 399 African stream gauges is used to analyze the seasonality of observed annual maximum flood, precipitation and soil moisture between 1981 and 2018. The database includes a total of 11,302 flood events, covering most African regions. The analysis is based on directional statistics to compare the annual maximum river flood with annual maximum rainfall and soil moisture. The results show that the annual maximum flood in most areas is more strongly linked to the annual peak of soil moisture than of annual maximum precipitation. In addition, the interannual variability of flood magnitudes is better explained by the variability of annual maximum soil moisture than by the variability in the annual maximum precipitation. These results have important implications for flood forecasting and the analysis of the long-term evolution of these hydrological hazards in relation with their drivers., Water Resources

Dementia is a syndrome that is characterised by the decline of different cognitive abilities. A high rate of deaths and high cost for detection, treatments, and patients care count amongst its consequences. Although there is no cure for dementia, a timely diagnosis helps in obtaining necessary support, appropriate medication, and maintenance, as far as possible, of engagement in intellectual, social, and physical activities. The early detection of Alzheimer Disease (AD) is considered to be of high importance for improving the quality of life of patients and their families. In particular, Virtual Reality (VR) is an expanding tool that can be used in order to assess cognitive abilities while navigating through a Virtual Environment (VE). The paper summarises common AD screening and diagnosis techniques focusing on the latest approaches that are based on Virtual Environments, behaviour analysis, and emotions recognition, aiming to provide more reliable and non-invasive diagnostics at home or in a clinical environment. Furthermore, different AD diagnosis evaluation methods and metrics are presented and discussed together with an overview of the different datasets.

The horizontal water vapor transport (IVT) is one of the key variables connected to precipitation extremes and floods, especially in the mid‐latitudinal countries, and represents a key link between water sources and sink regions. Because of its significant impacts, great efforts have been made to examine IVT and its projected changes in response to changes to the climate system, leveraging outputs from global climate models (GCMs). However, to gain more confidence in the projections, it is important to evaluate how well the GCMs can reproduce the historical past. Here, we assess how well ten GCMs archived in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 can reproduce the spatial and temporal patterns of the mean and 85th percentile of the IVT distribution. Analyses are performed at the global scale using outputs at the six‐hourly resolution, and four different reanalysis products as reference. We find that the results from the GCMs are in good agreement with the reanalyses in terms of the IVT climatology; however, the GCMs fail to capture the trends in IVT, with almost all the models showing a negative correlation with the reanalysis data for both the mean and the 85th percentile. We also extend our analyses to the daily time scale, reaching the same conclusions drawn for the six‐hourly resolution. These results further highlight the need for a careful evaluation of the GCM outputs in reproducing the observed IVT distribution.

Tropical Cyclones (TCs) generate extreme precipitation with severe impacts across large coastal and inland areas, calling for accurate frequency estimation methods. Statistical approaches that take into account the physical mechanisms responsible for these extremes can help reducing the estimation uncertainty. Here we formulate a mixed‐population Metastatistical Extreme Value Distribution explicitly incorporating non‐TC and TC‐induced rainfall and evaluate its implications on long series of daily rainfall for six major U.S. urban areas impacted by these storms. We find statistically significant differences between the distributions of TC‐ and non‐TC‐related precipitation; moreover, including mixtures of distributions improves the estimation of the probability of extreme precipitation where TCs occur more frequently. These improvements are greater when rainfall aggregated over duration longer than one day are considered.

Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) provides 80% of India’s total annual precipitation and thus has a tremendous impact on water resource management, agricultural yield and,consequently, India’s gross domestic product. Because of its importance, different studies have examined climatic controls on ISMR. Here we found a link between the spring (March–May; MAM) Atlantic meridional mode (AMM) and the ISMR, with the strengthening (weakening) of ISMR during the positive (negative) phase of the AMM. During the positive phase of the spring AMM, warmer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) persist over the tropical north Atlantic Ocean, strengthening anomalous cyclonic circulation and strengthening convection over the Sahel region; this process, in turn, modulates the winds over the Western Indian Ocean, cooling SST and strengthening monsoon circulation over India. However, during the negative phase of the spring AMM, we notice a weakening of the monsoon circulation over India. As a way of highlighting the importance of this climate connection, we compare the skill in forecasting ISMR using the information from the pre-monsoon AMM against the forecasts from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME). Over the years 1981–2017, our simple model produces more accurate results than the NMME models, and further highlights the crucial role played by pre-monsoon AMM in modulating the IMSR. This new finding will allow for Indian farmers and policy makers to better anticipate water availability from ISMR.

Since 2002, there has been a clear increase in Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). We demonstrate that this increase is associated with a change in the dynamics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Using a recently‐released reanalysis product from 1980‐2016, we show that the ITCZ has strengthened and propagated northward since 2002. Analysis of the total energy‐budget reveals an increase in energy divergence and atmospheric diabatic heating, which is consistent with the changes in the ITCZ. Although global aerosol optical depth shows a significant positive trend during 1980‐2016, it has declined over many parts of India since 2002. We put forward the hypothesis that this is the driver of the changing characteristics of the ITCZ. Our results suggest that changes in the dynamics of the ITCZ, together with changes in the energy/moisture‐budget, are responsible for the strengthening of ISMR since 2002, consistent with the emergence of a greenhouse‐gas induced signal.

Dementia is a syndrome that is characterised by the decline of different cognitive abilities. A high rate of deaths and high cost for detection, treatments, and patients care count amongst its consequences. Although there is no cure for dementia, a timely diagnosis helps in obtaining necessary support, appropriate medication, and maintenance, as far as possible, of engagement in intellectual, social, and physical activities. The early detection of Alzheimer Disease (AD) is considered to be of high importance for improving the quality of life of patients and their families. In particular, Virtual Reality (VR) is an expanding tool that can be used in order to assess cognitive abilities while navigating through a Virtual Environment (VE). The paper summarises common AD screening and diagnosis techniques focusing on the latest approaches that are based on Virtual Environments, behaviour analysis, and emotions recognition, aiming to provide more reliable and non-invasive diagnostics at home or in a clinical environment. Furthermore, different AD diagnosis evaluation methods and metrics are presented and discussed together with an overview of the different datasets.

It is unclear whether the production of biochar is economically feasible. As a consequence, firms do not often invest in biochar production plants. However, biochar production and application might be desirable from a societal perspective as it might entail net environmental benefits. Hence, the aim of this work has been to assess and monetize the environmental impacts of biochar production systems so that the environmental aspects can be integrated with the economic and social ones later on to quantify the total return for society. Therefore, a life cycle analysis (LCA) has been performed for two potential biochar production systems in Belgium based on two different feedstocks: (i) willow and (ii) pig manure. First, the environmental impacts of the two biochar production systems are assessed from a life cycle perspective, assuming one ton of biochar as the functional unit. Therefore, LCA using SimaPro software has been performed both on the midpoint and endpoint level. Biochar production from willow achieves better results compared to biochar from pig manure for all environmental impact categories considered. In a second step, monetary valuation has been applied to the LCA results in order to weigh environmental benefits against environmental costs using the Ecotax, Ecovalue, and Stepwise approach. Consequently, sensitivity analysis investigates the impact of variation in NPK savings and byproducts of the biochar production process on monetized life cycle assessment results. As a result, it is suggested that biochar production from willow is preferred to biochar production from pig manure from an environmental point of view. In future research, those monetized environmental impacts will be integrated within existing techno-economic models that calculate the financial viability from an investor’s point of view, so that the total return for society can be quantified and the preferred biochar production system from a societal point of view can be identified.

The Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) relationship is a thermodynamic relationship between saturation vapor pressure and temperature. Based on the C–C relationship, the scaling of extreme precipitation with respect to surface air temperature (i.e., extreme precipitation scaling) has been widely believed to quantify the sensitivity of these extremes to global surface warming under climate change. However, the extreme precipitation scaling rate in the observations produces counter-intuitive results, particularly in the tropics (i.e., strong negative scaling in the tropical land) possibly associated with limitations in moisture availability under the high-temperature bands. The trends in extreme precipitation based on station data are mixed with decreases in most of the tropics and subtropics and increases in most of the USA, western Europe, Australia, and a large portion of Asia. To try to reconcile these results, we examine the extreme precipitation scaling using dew point temperature and extreme precipitation and compare these results with those obtained from surface air temperature and extreme precipitation using station-based data, reanalysis data, and climate model simulations. We find that this mix of increases and decreases in the trends of extreme precipitation across the planet is more similar to the changes in surface dew point temperature rather than the actual temperature across the station-based data, reanalysis data, and the historical experiments with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5). These findings suggest that dew point temperature is a better and more realistic metric for the responses of extreme precipitation to temperature increases. Therefore, the risk of having extreme precipitation is higher than what was obtained using surface air temperature, particularly in the tropics and subtropics (e.g., South Asia), areas of the world characterized by extremely high population density and severe pover

Publisher: UniorPress Series: Miscellaneus Pages: 187 Languages: Italian; English. NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: This book is the result of the University of Naples “L’Orientale”’s cooperation with MOVE-ME – MOocs for uniVErsity students on the Move in Europe (movemeproject.eu), an Erasmus Plus project whose partners are the Università per Stranieri di Siena (Italy), the National University of Ireland (NUI Galway) , the Open University (United Kingdom), the FENICE - FEderazione Nazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa (Italy), the “Diophantos” Computer Technology Institute & Press (Greece), and the Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (Romania). The first international congress of this project was held on 20-21 October 2016 at the Open University Milton Keynes campus, and its title was MOOCs, Informal Language Learning and Mobility. Subsequently prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro from the FENICE suggested that “L’Orientale” should host the project’s second international conference. This institution appreciated the chance of cooperating with such a group of important European universities and research centres on distance learning and MOOCs and, particularly, on their scope and prospects in the field of teaching foreign languages. Indeed, the latter is a field in which this institution has developed a very high profile over the last two hundred years, while in relation to the former, “L’Orientale” has launched a rich and diversified package of experimental courses during the last few years. It was thus been to organise together the second international congress of the MOVEME project on 13-14 October 2017. The event was a considerable success, with more than 100 registered participants who came from several European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Kosovo, Malta, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland) as we, Editore: Unior Press  Collana: Fuori Collana Pagine: 187 Lingua: Italiano/Inglese NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: Questo volume nasce dalla collaborazione tra “L’Orientale” di Napoli eMOVEME – MOoc per studenti uniVErsitari in Mobilità Europea (movemeproject.eu), un progetto Erasmus Plus che mette insieme l’Università perStranieri di Siena, la National University of Ireland (NUI) di Galway, laOpen University di Milton Keynes (Regno Unito), la FENICE (FEderazioneNazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa) di Napoli, ilComputer Technology Institute & Press (CTI) “Diophantos” di Patra (Grecia),e l’Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (ISE) di Bucarest (Romania).Dopo il primo convegno internazionale di questo progetto, organizzatoil 20-21 ottobre 2016 presso la Open University nella sua sede di MiltonKeynes, e avente come titolo MOOCs, Informal Language Learning, and Mobility,il prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro della FENICE pensò di proporreall’università “L’Orientale” di ospitare il secondo convegno internazionaledel progetto. All’Ateneo piacque l’idea di avviare una collaborazione conun gruppo di università e centri di ricerca europei così importanti sullatematica della teledidattica e dei MOOC, e in particolare sulle loro possibilitàe prospettive nel campo della didattica delle lingue straniere;quest’ultima un’area in cui da più di due secoli esso ha sviluppato un altoprofilo, la prima un settore in cui da alcuni anni esso ha avviato una diversificataattività di sperimentazione. Venne così realizzato insieme il secondoincontro internazionale del progetto MOVEME il 13-14 ottobre 2017. Ilconvegno ebbe un considerevole successo, con più di 100 partecipanti registratiche venivano da un elevato numero di paesi europei (Belgio, Bulgaria,Cipro, Danimarca, Francia, Irlanda, Italia, Inghilterra, Kosovo, Malta,Norvegia, Olanda, Portogallo, Romania, Russia, Spagna, Svizzera) e non europei(Algeria, Australia, Cina, Thail

Publisher: UniorPress Series: Miscellaneus Pages: 187 Languages: Italian; English. NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: This book is the result of the University of Naples “L’Orientale”’s cooperation with MOVE-ME – MOocs for uniVErsity students on the Move in Europe (movemeproject.eu), an Erasmus Plus project whose partners are the Università per Stranieri di Siena (Italy), the National University of Ireland (NUI Galway) , the Open University (United Kingdom), the FENICE - FEderazione Nazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa (Italy), the “Diophantos” Computer Technology Institute & Press (Greece), and the Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (Romania). The first international congress of this project was held on 20-21 October 2016 at the Open University Milton Keynes campus, and its title was MOOCs, Informal Language Learning and Mobility. Subsequently prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro from the FENICE suggested that “L’Orientale” should host the project’s second international conference. This institution appreciated the chance of cooperating with such a group of important European universities and research centres on distance learning and MOOCs and, particularly, on their scope and prospects in the field of teaching foreign languages. Indeed, the latter is a field in which this institution has developed a very high profile over the last two hundred years, while in relation to the former, “L’Orientale” has launched a rich and diversified package of experimental courses during the last few years. It was thus been to organise together the second international congress of the MOVEME project on 13-14 October 2017. The event was a considerable success, with more than 100 registered participants who came from several European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Kosovo, Malta, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland) as we, Editore: Unior Press  Collana: Fuori Collana Pagine: 187 Lingua: Italiano/Inglese NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: Questo volume nasce dalla collaborazione tra “L’Orientale” di Napoli eMOVEME – MOoc per studenti uniVErsitari in Mobilità Europea (movemeproject.eu), un progetto Erasmus Plus che mette insieme l’Università perStranieri di Siena, la National University of Ireland (NUI) di Galway, laOpen University di Milton Keynes (Regno Unito), la FENICE (FEderazioneNazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa) di Napoli, ilComputer Technology Institute & Press (CTI) “Diophantos” di Patra (Grecia),e l’Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (ISE) di Bucarest (Romania).Dopo il primo convegno internazionale di questo progetto, organizzatoil 20-21 ottobre 2016 presso la Open University nella sua sede di MiltonKeynes, e avente come titolo MOOCs, Informal Language Learning, and Mobility,il prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro della FENICE pensò di proporreall’università “L’Orientale” di ospitare il secondo convegno internazionaledel progetto. All’Ateneo piacque l’idea di avviare una collaborazione conun gruppo di università e centri di ricerca europei così importanti sullatematica della teledidattica e dei MOOC, e in particolare sulle loro possibilitàe prospettive nel campo della didattica delle lingue straniere;quest’ultima un’area in cui da più di due secoli esso ha sviluppato un altoprofilo, la prima un settore in cui da alcuni anni esso ha avviato una diversificataattività di sperimentazione. Venne così realizzato insieme il secondoincontro internazionale del progetto MOVEME il 13-14 ottobre 2017. Ilconvegno ebbe un considerevole successo, con più di 100 partecipanti registratiche venivano da un elevato numero di paesi europei (Belgio, Bulgaria,Cipro, Danimarca, Francia, Irlanda, Italia, Inghilterra, Kosovo, Malta,Norvegia, Olanda, Portogallo, Romania, Russia, Spagna, Svizzera) e non europei(Algeria, Australia, Cina, Thail

The Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) relationship is a thermodynamic relationship between saturation vapor pressure and temperature. Based on the C–C relationship, the scaling of extreme precipitation with respect to surface air temperature (i.e., extreme precipitation scaling) has been widely believed to quantify the sensitivity of these extremes to global surface warming under climate change. However, the extreme precipitation scaling rate in the observations produces counter-intuitive results, particularly in the tropics (i.e., strong negative scaling in the tropical land) possibly associated with limitations in moisture availability under the high-temperature bands. The trends in extreme precipitation based on station data are mixed with decreases in most of the tropics and subtropics and increases in most of the USA, western Europe, Australia, and a large portion of Asia. To try to reconcile these results, we examine the extreme precipitation scaling using dew point temperature and extreme precipitation and compare these results with those obtained from surface air temperature and extreme precipitation using station-based data, reanalysis data, and climate model simulations. We find that this mix of increases and decreases in the trends of extreme precipitation across the planet is more similar to the changes in surface dew point temperature rather than the actual temperature across the station-based data, reanalysis data, and the historical experiments with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5). These findings suggest that dew point temperature is a better and more realistic metric for the responses of extreme precipitation to temperature increases. Therefore, the risk of having extreme precipitation is higher than what was obtained using surface air temperature, particularly in the tropics and subtropics (e.g., South Asia), areas of the world characterized by extremely high population density and severe pover

[English]:This book is the result of the University of Naples “L’Orientale”’s cooperationwith MOVE-ME – MOocs for uniVErsity students on the Move in Europe(movemeproject.eu), an Erasmus Plus project whose partners are theUniversità per Stranieri di Siena (Italy), the National University of Ireland(NUI Galway) , the Open University (United Kingdom), the FENICE - FEderazioneNazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa (Italy), the“Diophantos” Computer Technology Institute & Press (Greece), and the Institutulde Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (Romania).The first international congress of this project was held on 20-21 October2016 at the Open University Milton Keynes campus, and its title wasMOOCs, Informal Language Learning and Mobility. Subsequently prof. Giampierode Cristofaro from the FENICE suggested that “L’Orientale” shouldhost the project’s second international conference. This institution appreciatedthe chance of cooperating with such a group of important European universitiesand research centres on distance learning and MOOCs and, particularly,on their scope and prospects in the field of teaching foreign languages.Indeed, the latter is a field in which this institution has developed a veryhigh profile over the last two hundred years, while in relation to the former, “L’Orientale” has launched a rich and diversified package of experimentalcourses during the last few years. It was thus been to organise together thesecond international congress of the MOVEME project on 13-14 October2017. The event was a considerable success, with more than 100 registeredparticipants who came from several European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria,Cyprus, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Kosovo, Malta,Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland)as well as from outside Europe (Algeria, Australia, China, Thailandand Turkey). There were more than 46 presentations, with contributions bykeynote speakers during three plenary sessions and b

This study analyzes daily mean streamflow records from 5,311 U.S. Geological Survey stream gages in the continental United States and develops a Metastatistical Extreme Value Distribution (MEVD) tailored for flood frequency analysis. We compare the new tool with the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and Log-Pearson Type III (LP3) distributions and investigate the role of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the generation of floods. Hence, we formulate the MEVD in terms of mixture of distributions to describe the occurrence of flood peaks generated under different ENSO phases. We find that the MEVD outperforms GEV and LP3 distributions respectively in about 76% and 86% of the stations, with a significant improvement in the accuracy of quantiles corresponding to return periods much larger than the calibration sample size. The ENSO signature detected in the distributions of the daily peak flows does not necessarily improve the estimation of high return period flow values.

Summer heat waves over India have been increasing in frequency and severity during recent decades, and are responsible for thousands of deaths among those segments of the Indian population who lack basic adaptation resources. Despite its importance, our understanding of the causes of these heat waves is still limited and largely based on basic statistical analyses, rather than on physical processes. Here, using observations and climate model experiments we show that Indian heat waves during the 1961–2010 period were only weakly driven by Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST), but were instead strongly tied to SST in the Atlantic Ocean. The conditions in the Atlantic that drove these heat waves were exacerbated by greenhouse gas emissions rather than natural forcing, revealing the complex but prominent role played by anthropogenic forcing in the suffering faced by tens of millions of Indians over recent decades.

Publisher: UniorPress Series: Miscellaneus Pages: 187 Languages: Italian; English. NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: This book is the result of the University of Naples “L’Orientale”’s cooperation with MOVE-ME – MOocs for uniVErsity students on the Move in Europe (movemeproject.eu), an Erasmus Plus project whose partners are the Università per Stranieri di Siena (Italy), the National University of Ireland (NUI Galway) , the Open University (United Kingdom), the FENICE - FEderazione Nazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa (Italy), the “Diophantos” Computer Technology Institute & Press (Greece), and the Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (Romania). The first international congress of this project was held on 20-21 October 2016 at the Open University Milton Keynes campus, and its title was MOOCs, Informal Language Learning and Mobility. Subsequently prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro from the FENICE suggested that “L’Orientale” should host the project’s second international conference. This institution appreciated the chance of cooperating with such a group of important European universities and research centres on distance learning and MOOCs and, particularly, on their scope and prospects in the field of teaching foreign languages. Indeed, the latter is a field in which this institution has developed a very high profile over the last two hundred years, while in relation to the former, “L’Orientale” has launched a rich and diversified package of experimental courses during the last few years. It was thus been to organise together the second international congress of the MOVEME project on 13-14 October 2017. The event was a considerable success, with more than 100 registered participants who came from several European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Kosovo, Malta, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland) as we, Editore: Unior Press  Collana: Fuori Collana Pagine: 187 Lingua: Italiano/Inglese NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: Questo volume nasce dalla collaborazione tra “L’Orientale” di Napoli eMOVEME – MOoc per studenti uniVErsitari in Mobilità Europea (movemeproject.eu), un progetto Erasmus Plus che mette insieme l’Università perStranieri di Siena, la National University of Ireland (NUI) di Galway, laOpen University di Milton Keynes (Regno Unito), la FENICE (FEderazioneNazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa) di Napoli, ilComputer Technology Institute & Press (CTI) “Diophantos” di Patra (Grecia),e l’Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (ISE) di Bucarest (Romania).Dopo il primo convegno internazionale di questo progetto, organizzatoil 20-21 ottobre 2016 presso la Open University nella sua sede di MiltonKeynes, e avente come titolo MOOCs, Informal Language Learning, and Mobility,il prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro della FENICE pensò di proporreall’università “L’Orientale” di ospitare il secondo convegno internazionaledel progetto. All’Ateneo piacque l’idea di avviare una collaborazione conun gruppo di università e centri di ricerca europei così importanti sullatematica della teledidattica e dei MOOC, e in particolare sulle loro possibilitàe prospettive nel campo della didattica delle lingue straniere;quest’ultima un’area in cui da più di due secoli esso ha sviluppato un altoprofilo, la prima un settore in cui da alcuni anni esso ha avviato una diversificataattività di sperimentazione. Venne così realizzato insieme il secondoincontro internazionale del progetto MOVEME il 13-14 ottobre 2017. Ilconvegno ebbe un considerevole successo, con più di 100 partecipanti registratiche venivano da un elevato numero di paesi europei (Belgio, Bulgaria,Cipro, Danimarca, Francia, Irlanda, Italia, Inghilterra, Kosovo, Malta,Norvegia, Olanda, Portogallo, Romania, Russia, Spagna, Svizzera) e non europei(Algeria, Australia, Cina, Thail

Publisher: UniorPress Series: Miscellaneus Pages: 187 Languages: Italian; English. NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: This book is the result of the University of Naples “L’Orientale”’s cooperation with MOVE-ME – MOocs for uniVErsity students on the Move in Europe (movemeproject.eu), an Erasmus Plus project whose partners are the Università per Stranieri di Siena (Italy), the National University of Ireland (NUI Galway) , the Open University (United Kingdom), the FENICE - FEderazione Nazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa (Italy), the “Diophantos” Computer Technology Institute & Press (Greece), and the Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (Romania). The first international congress of this project was held on 20-21 October 2016 at the Open University Milton Keynes campus, and its title was MOOCs, Informal Language Learning and Mobility. Subsequently prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro from the FENICE suggested that “L’Orientale” should host the project’s second international conference. This institution appreciated the chance of cooperating with such a group of important European universities and research centres on distance learning and MOOCs and, particularly, on their scope and prospects in the field of teaching foreign languages. Indeed, the latter is a field in which this institution has developed a very high profile over the last two hundred years, while in relation to the former, “L’Orientale” has launched a rich and diversified package of experimental courses during the last few years. It was thus been to organise together the second international congress of the MOVEME project on 13-14 October 2017. The event was a considerable success, with more than 100 registered participants who came from several European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Kosovo, Malta, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland) as we, Editore: Unior Press  Collana: Fuori Collana Pagine: 187 Lingua: Italiano/Inglese NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: Questo volume nasce dalla collaborazione tra “L’Orientale” di Napoli eMOVEME – MOoc per studenti uniVErsitari in Mobilità Europea (movemeproject.eu), un progetto Erasmus Plus che mette insieme l’Università perStranieri di Siena, la National University of Ireland (NUI) di Galway, laOpen University di Milton Keynes (Regno Unito), la FENICE (FEderazioneNazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa) di Napoli, ilComputer Technology Institute & Press (CTI) “Diophantos” di Patra (Grecia),e l’Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (ISE) di Bucarest (Romania).Dopo il primo convegno internazionale di questo progetto, organizzatoil 20-21 ottobre 2016 presso la Open University nella sua sede di MiltonKeynes, e avente come titolo MOOCs, Informal Language Learning, and Mobility,il prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro della FENICE pensò di proporreall’università “L’Orientale” di ospitare il secondo convegno internazionaledel progetto. All’Ateneo piacque l’idea di avviare una collaborazione conun gruppo di università e centri di ricerca europei così importanti sullatematica della teledidattica e dei MOOC, e in particolare sulle loro possibilitàe prospettive nel campo della didattica delle lingue straniere;quest’ultima un’area in cui da più di due secoli esso ha sviluppato un altoprofilo, la prima un settore in cui da alcuni anni esso ha avviato una diversificataattività di sperimentazione. Venne così realizzato insieme il secondoincontro internazionale del progetto MOVEME il 13-14 ottobre 2017. Ilconvegno ebbe un considerevole successo, con più di 100 partecipanti registratiche venivano da un elevato numero di paesi europei (Belgio, Bulgaria,Cipro, Danimarca, Francia, Irlanda, Italia, Inghilterra, Kosovo, Malta,Norvegia, Olanda, Portogallo, Romania, Russia, Spagna, Svizzera) e non europei(Algeria, Australia, Cina, Thail

Publisher: UniorPress Series: Miscellaneus Pages: 187 Languages: Italian; English. NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: This book is the result of the University of Naples “L’Orientale”’s cooperation with MOVE-ME – MOocs for uniVErsity students on the Move in Europe (movemeproject.eu), an Erasmus Plus project whose partners are the Università per Stranieri di Siena (Italy), the National University of Ireland (NUI Galway) , the Open University (United Kingdom), the FENICE - FEderazione Nazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa (Italy), the “Diophantos” Computer Technology Institute & Press (Greece), and the Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (Romania). The first international congress of this project was held on 20-21 October 2016 at the Open University Milton Keynes campus, and its title was MOOCs, Informal Language Learning and Mobility. Subsequently prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro from the FENICE suggested that “L’Orientale” should host the project’s second international conference. This institution appreciated the chance of cooperating with such a group of important European universities and research centres on distance learning and MOOCs and, particularly, on their scope and prospects in the field of teaching foreign languages. Indeed, the latter is a field in which this institution has developed a very high profile over the last two hundred years, while in relation to the former, “L’Orientale” has launched a rich and diversified package of experimental courses during the last few years. It was thus been to organise together the second international congress of the MOVEME project on 13-14 October 2017. The event was a considerable success, with more than 100 registered participants who came from several European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Kosovo, Malta, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland) as we, Editore: Unior Press  Collana: Fuori Collana Pagine: 187 Lingua: Italiano/Inglese NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: Questo volume nasce dalla collaborazione tra “L’Orientale” di Napoli eMOVEME – MOoc per studenti uniVErsitari in Mobilità Europea (movemeproject.eu), un progetto Erasmus Plus che mette insieme l’Università perStranieri di Siena, la National University of Ireland (NUI) di Galway, laOpen University di Milton Keynes (Regno Unito), la FENICE (FEderazioneNazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa) di Napoli, ilComputer Technology Institute & Press (CTI) “Diophantos” di Patra (Grecia),e l’Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (ISE) di Bucarest (Romania).Dopo il primo convegno internazionale di questo progetto, organizzatoil 20-21 ottobre 2016 presso la Open University nella sua sede di MiltonKeynes, e avente come titolo MOOCs, Informal Language Learning, and Mobility,il prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro della FENICE pensò di proporreall’università “L’Orientale” di ospitare il secondo convegno internazionaledel progetto. All’Ateneo piacque l’idea di avviare una collaborazione conun gruppo di università e centri di ricerca europei così importanti sullatematica della teledidattica e dei MOOC, e in particolare sulle loro possibilitàe prospettive nel campo della didattica delle lingue straniere;quest’ultima un’area in cui da più di due secoli esso ha sviluppato un altoprofilo, la prima un settore in cui da alcuni anni esso ha avviato una diversificataattività di sperimentazione. Venne così realizzato insieme il secondoincontro internazionale del progetto MOVEME il 13-14 ottobre 2017. Ilconvegno ebbe un considerevole successo, con più di 100 partecipanti registratiche venivano da un elevato numero di paesi europei (Belgio, Bulgaria,Cipro, Danimarca, Francia, Irlanda, Italia, Inghilterra, Kosovo, Malta,Norvegia, Olanda, Portogallo, Romania, Russia, Spagna, Svizzera) e non europei(Algeria, Australia, Cina, Thail

[English]:This book is the result of the University of Naples “L’Orientale”’s cooperationwith MOVE-ME – MOocs for uniVErsity students on the Move in Europe(movemeproject.eu), an Erasmus Plus project whose partners are theUniversità per Stranieri di Siena (Italy), the National University of Ireland(NUI Galway) , the Open University (United Kingdom), the FENICE - FEderazioneNazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa (Italy), the“Diophantos” Computer Technology Institute & Press (Greece), and the Institutulde Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (Romania).The first international congress of this project was held on 20-21 October2016 at the Open University Milton Keynes campus, and its title wasMOOCs, Informal Language Learning and Mobility. Subsequently prof. Giampierode Cristofaro from the FENICE suggested that “L’Orientale” shouldhost the project’s second international conference. This institution appreciatedthe chance of cooperating with such a group of important European universitiesand research centres on distance learning and MOOCs and, particularly,on their scope and prospects in the field of teaching foreign languages.Indeed, the latter is a field in which this institution has developed a veryhigh profile over the last two hundred years, while in relation to the former, “L’Orientale” has launched a rich and diversified package of experimentalcourses during the last few years. It was thus been to organise together thesecond international congress of the MOVEME project on 13-14 October2017. The event was a considerable success, with more than 100 registeredparticipants who came from several European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria,Cyprus, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Kosovo, Malta,Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland)as well as from outside Europe (Algeria, Australia, China, Thailandand Turkey). There were more than 46 presentations, with contributions bykeynote speakers during three plenary sessions and b

Publisher: UniorPress Series: Miscellaneus Pages: 187 Languages: Italian; English. NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: This book is the result of the University of Naples “L’Orientale”’s cooperation with MOVE-ME – MOocs for uniVErsity students on the Move in Europe (movemeproject.eu), an Erasmus Plus project whose partners are the Università per Stranieri di Siena (Italy), the National University of Ireland (NUI Galway) , the Open University (United Kingdom), the FENICE - FEderazione Nazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa (Italy), the “Diophantos” Computer Technology Institute & Press (Greece), and the Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (Romania). The first international congress of this project was held on 20-21 October 2016 at the Open University Milton Keynes campus, and its title was MOOCs, Informal Language Learning and Mobility. Subsequently prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro from the FENICE suggested that “L’Orientale” should host the project’s second international conference. This institution appreciated the chance of cooperating with such a group of important European universities and research centres on distance learning and MOOCs and, particularly, on their scope and prospects in the field of teaching foreign languages. Indeed, the latter is a field in which this institution has developed a very high profile over the last two hundred years, while in relation to the former, “L’Orientale” has launched a rich and diversified package of experimental courses during the last few years. It was thus been to organise together the second international congress of the MOVEME project on 13-14 October 2017. The event was a considerable success, with more than 100 registered participants who came from several European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Kosovo, Malta, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland) as we, Editore: Unior Press  Collana: Fuori Collana Pagine: 187 Lingua: Italiano/Inglese NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-25092 Abstract: Questo volume nasce dalla collaborazione tra “L’Orientale” di Napoli eMOVEME – MOoc per studenti uniVErsitari in Mobilità Europea (movemeproject.eu), un progetto Erasmus Plus che mette insieme l’Università perStranieri di Siena, la National University of Ireland (NUI) di Galway, laOpen University di Milton Keynes (Regno Unito), la FENICE (FEderazioneNazionale Insegnanti – Centro di iniziativa per l’Europa) di Napoli, ilComputer Technology Institute & Press (CTI) “Diophantos” di Patra (Grecia),e l’Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei (ISE) di Bucarest (Romania).Dopo il primo convegno internazionale di questo progetto, organizzatoil 20-21 ottobre 2016 presso la Open University nella sua sede di MiltonKeynes, e avente come titolo MOOCs, Informal Language Learning, and Mobility,il prof. Giampiero de Cristofaro della FENICE pensò di proporreall’università “L’Orientale” di ospitare il secondo convegno internazionaledel progetto. All’Ateneo piacque l’idea di avviare una collaborazione conun gruppo di università e centri di ricerca europei così importanti sullatematica della teledidattica e dei MOOC, e in particolare sulle loro possibilitàe prospettive nel campo della didattica delle lingue straniere;quest’ultima un’area in cui da più di due secoli esso ha sviluppato un altoprofilo, la prima un settore in cui da alcuni anni esso ha avviato una diversificataattività di sperimentazione. Venne così realizzato insieme il secondoincontro internazionale del progetto MOVEME il 13-14 ottobre 2017. Ilconvegno ebbe un considerevole successo, con più di 100 partecipanti registratiche venivano da un elevato numero di paesi europei (Belgio, Bulgaria,Cipro, Danimarca, Francia, Irlanda, Italia, Inghilterra, Kosovo, Malta,Norvegia, Olanda, Portogallo, Romania, Russia, Spagna, Svizzera) e non europei(Algeria, Australia, Cina, Thail

Responses of tropical cyclones (TCs) to CO2 doubling are explored using coupled global climate models (GCMs) with increasingly refined atmospheric/land horizontal grids (~ 200 km, ~ 50 km and ~ 25 km). The three models exhibit similar changes in background climate fields thought to regulate TC activity, such as relative sea surface temperature (SST), potential intensity, and wind shear. However, global TC frequency decreases substantially in the 50 km model, while the 25 km model shows no significant change. The ~ 25 km model also has a substantial and spatially-ubiquitous increase of Category 3–4–5 hurricanes. Idealized perturbation experiments are performed to understand the TC response. Each model’s transient fully-coupled 2 × CO2 TC activity response is largely recovered by “time-slice” experiments using time-invariant SST perturbations added to each model’s own SST climatology. The TC response to SST forcing depends on each model’s background climatological SST biases: removing these biases leads to a global TC intensity increase in the ~ 50 km model, and a global TC frequency increase in the ~ 25 km model, in response to CO2-induced warming patterns and CO2 doubling. Isolated CO2 doubling leads to a significant TC frequency decrease, while isolated uniform SST warming leads to a significant global TC frequency increase; the ~ 25 km model has a greater tendency for frequency increase. Global TC frequency responds to both (1) changes in TC “seeds”, which increase due to warming (more so in the ~ 25 km model) and decrease due to higher CO2 concentrations, and (2) less efficient development of these“seeds” into TCs, largely due to the nonlinear relation between temperature and saturation specific humidity.

Projections of runoff from global multi-model ensembles provide a valuable basis for the estimation of future hydrological extremes. However, projections suffer from uncertainty that originates from different error sources along the modeling chain. Hydrological impact studies have generally partitioned these error sources into global impact and global climate model (GIM and GCM, respectively) uncertainties, neglecting other sources, including scenarios and internal variability. Using a set of GIMs driven by GCMs under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs), this study aims to partition the uncertainty of future flows coming from GIMs, GCMs, RCPs, and internal variability over the CONterminous United States (CONUS). We focus on annual maximum, median, and minimum runoff, analyzed decadally over the twenty-first century. Results indicate that GCMs and GIMs are responsible for the largest fraction of uncertainty over most of the study area, followed by internal variability and to a smaller extent RCPs. To investigate the influence of the ensemble setup on uncertainty, in addition to the full ensemble, three ensemble configurations are studied using fewer GIMs (excluding least credible GIMs in runoff representation and GIMs accounting for vegetation and CO2 dynamics), and excluding intermediate RCPs. Overall, the use of fewer GIMs has a minor impact on uncertainty for low and medium flows, but a substantial impact for high flows. Regardless of the number of pathways considered, RCPs always play a very small role, suggesting that improvement of GCMs and GIMs and more informed ensemble selections can yield a reduction of projected uncertainties.

Projections of runoff from global multi-model ensembles provide a valuable basis for the estimation of future hydrological extremes. However, projections suffer from uncertainty that originates from different error sources along the modeling chain. Hydrological impact studies have generally partitioned these error sources into global impact and global climate model (GIM and GCM, respectively) uncertainties, neglecting other sources, including scenarios and internal variability. Using a set of GIMs driven by GCMs under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs), this study aims to partition the uncertainty of future flows coming from GIMs, GCMs, RCPs, and internal variability over the CONterminous United States (CONUS). We focus on annual maximum, median, and minimum runoff, analyzed decadally over the twenty-first century. Results indicate that GCMs and GIMs are responsible for the largest fraction of uncertainty over most of the study area, followed by internal variability and to a smaller extent RCPs. To investigate the influence of the ensemble setup on uncertainty, in addition to the full ensemble, three ensemble configurations are studied using fewer GIMs (excluding least credible GIMs in runoff representation and GIMs accounting for vegetation and CO2 dynamics), and excluding intermediate RCPs. Overall, the use of fewer GIMs has a minor impact on uncertainty for low and medium flows, but a substantial impact for high flows. Regardless of the number of pathways considered, RCPs always play a very small role, suggesting that improvement of GCMs and GIMs and more informed ensemble selections can yield a reduction of projected uncertainties.

Vaccines recommendations are available for both healthcare professionals and the general public, but although the vaccination is the most effective method to prevent infectious diseases, the coverage is still behind the recommended rate. In Italy, according to a recent study, the anti-flu vaccination rate among healthcare worker range between 9% to 30%. The aim of our study was to identify knowledge, attitude and behaviours regarding influenza vaccination among community pharmacists in order to increase the coverage rate among healthcare professional. “PErCEIVE (Pharmacist pERCEption on Influenza VaccinE) in Umbria” was a cross sectional survey among community pharmacists in Umbria conducted between 16th November 2015 to 29th February 2016. The questionnaire was anonymous, on-line self-administered survey.Statistical analysis were performed using STATA/SE 12 software. The response rate was 28.91% (n= 72/249). Among the studied population 76.39% (n=55) had never performed influenza vaccine during the previous 5 years. Regarding source of information, only 15.28% of the subjects (n=11) consulted the scientific publications, vs 52.78% (n=38) who did not show any kind of interest upon the influenza vaccine. Our results show a low attitude to be vaccinated among pharmacists together with a low grade of awareness regarding the important role that pharmacists might play in order to reduce influenza burden, to promote health literacy among their patients and to decrease the risk of patients infection. Pharmacists might be crucial healthcare workers involved in health promotion, in vaccines’ uptake and practices progression.

Vaccines recommendations are available for both healthcare professionals and the general public, but although the vaccination is the most effective method to prevent infectious diseases, the coverage is still behind the recommended rate. In Italy, according to a recent study, the anti-flu vaccination rate among healthcare worker range between 9% to 30%. The aim of our study was to identify knowledge, attitude and behaviours regarding influenza vaccination among community pharmacists in order to increase the coverage rate among healthcare professional. “PErCEIVE (Pharmacist pERCEption on Influenza VaccinE) in Umbria” was a cross sectional survey among community pharmacists in Umbria conducted between 16th November 2015 to 29th February 2016. The questionnaire was anonymous, on-line self-administered survey.Statistical analysis were performed using STATA/SE 12 software. The response rate was 28.91% (n= 72/249). Among the studied population 76.39% (n=55) had never performed influenza vaccine during the previous 5 years. Regarding source of information, only 15.28% of the subjects (n=11) consulted the scientific publications, vs 52.78% (n=38) who did not show any kind of interest upon the influenza vaccine. Our results show a low attitude to be vaccinated among pharmacists together with a low grade of awareness regarding the important role that pharmacists might play in order to reduce influenza burden, to promote health literacy among their patients and to decrease the risk of patients infection. Pharmacists might be crucial healthcare workers involved in health promotion, in vaccines’ uptake and practices progression.

Manuela De Gregori,1–3 Inna Belfer,2,4 Roberto De Giorgio,5 Maurizio Marchesini,2,3,6 Carolina Muscoli,7 Mariangela Rondanelli,2,8 Daniela Martini,9 Pedro Mena,9 Laura Isabel Arranz,2,10 Silvia Lorente-Cebrián,2,11 Simone Perna,8 Anna Villarini,12 Maurizio Salamone,2,13,14 Massimo Allegri,2,15 Michael 
E Schatman2,16,17 1 Pain Therapy Service, Fondazione IRCCS Polclinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; 2Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy; 3Young Against Pain Group, Parma, Italy; 4Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 5Department of Clinical Sciences, Nuovo Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 6Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy; 7Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Parma, Italy; 8Department of Public Health, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; 9Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; 10Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 11Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; 12Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; 13Science department, Metagenics Italia srl, Milano, Italy; 14Società internazionale di Neuropsicocardiologia, Trapani, Italy; 15Anesthesia and Intensive Care Service – IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy; 16Research and Network Development, Boston Pain Care, Waltham, MA, USA; 17Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Ab

Heavy rainfall and flooding associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) are responsible for a large number of fatalities and economic damage worldwide. Despite their large socioeconomic impacts, research into heavy rainfall and flooding associated with TCs has received limited attention to date and still represents a major challenge. The capability to adapt to future changes in heavy rainfall and flooding associated with TCs is inextricably linked to and informed by understanding of the sensitivity of TC rainfall to likely future forcing mechanisms. Here a set of idealized high-resolution atmospheric model experiments produced as part of the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Hurricane Working Group activity is used to examine TC response to idealized global-scale perturbations: the doubling of CO2, uniform 2-K increases in global sea surface temperature (SST), and their combined impact. As a preliminary but key step, daily rainfall patterns of composite TCs within climate model outputs are first compared and contrasted to the observational records. To assess similarities and differences across different regions in response to the warming scenarios, analyses are performed at the global and hemispheric scales and in six global TC ocean basins. The results indicate a reduction in TC daily precipitation rates in the doubling CO2 scenario (on the order of 5% globally) and an increase in TC rainfall rates associated with a uniform increase of 2K in SST (both alone and in combination with CO2 doubling; on the order of 10%-20% globally). © 2014 American Meteorological Society.

Heavy rainfall and flooding associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) are responsible for a large number of fatalities and economic damage worldwide. Despite their large socioeconomic impacts, research into heavy rainfall and flooding associated with TCs has received limited attention to date and still represents a major challenge. The capability to adapt to future changes in heavy rainfall and flooding associated with TCs is inextricably linked to and informed by understanding of the sensitivity of TC rainfall to likely future forcing mechanisms. Here a set of idealized high-resolution atmospheric model experiments produced as part of the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Hurricane Working Group activity is used to examine TC response to idealized global-scale perturbations: the doubling of CO2, uniform 2-K increases in global sea surface temperature (SST), and their combined impact. As a preliminary but key step, daily rainfall patterns of composite TCs within climate model outputs are first compared and contrasted to the observational records. To assess similarities and differences across different regions in response to the warming scenarios, analyses are performed at the global and hemispheric scales and in six global TC ocean basins. The results indicate a reduction in TC daily precipitation rates in the doubling CO2 scenario (on the order of 5% globally) and an increase in TC rainfall rates associated with a uniform increase of 2K in SST (both alone and in combination with CO2 doubling; on the order of 10%-20% globally). © 2014 American Meteorological Society.

Il saggio prende in esame la mobilità dei Millennials italiani, indagata attraverso un approfondimento quantitativo internazionale realizzato nell'ambito del Rapporto Giovani dell'Istituto Toniolo, nel periodo post Brexit (giugno 2016). Nati con il paradigma dell'euro-mobilità, i Millennials italiani considerano positivamente la mobilità internazionale, la praticano in buona misura, e hanno le loro idee sul prost Brexit.