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Il solfato ammonico proveniente da effluenti zootecnici può essere una fonte sostenibile di fertilizzante per le aziende agricole. L’utilizzo sperimentale su mais, barbabietola e basilico unito a tecniche di lavorazioni conservative del terreno ha evidenziato in molti casi un incremento delle rese. Le tecniche di agricoltura conservativa, associate al riciclo di fertilizzanti, si sono dimostrate efficaci nel preservare la qualità delle acque, mantenendo basse le concentrazioni di nitrati nel terreno. La costante copertura del terreno, ottenuta con la ritenzione dei residui colturali e con le colture di copertura, contribuisce a mitigare i fenomeni erosivi e la lisciviazione nelle falde. L’obiettivo del progetto RESURGE è adottare e promuovere nuove agrotecniche sostenibili e clima-intelligenti per ottimizzare l’efficienza dell’uso dei nutrienti già presenti in azienda e ridurre l’impiego di concimi minerali di sintesi (azotati e fosfatici)., Ammonium sulfate from livestock effluents can be a sustainable fertilizer source for farms. Experimental trials on corn, beets, and basil, combined with conservative soil tillage techniques, has often increased yields. Conservation agriculture techniques, coupled with fertilizer recycling, have proven effective in preserving water quality by maintaining low nitrate levels in the soil. Constant soil cover, achieved through crop residue retention and cover crops, helps mitigate erosion and leaching. The goal of the RESURGE project is to adopt and promote new sustainable and climate-smart farming practices to optimize nutrient use efficiency on farms and reduce the use of synthetic mineral fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphate).

Non presente

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a leading greenhouse-grown vegetable. However, nitrate (NO3) accumulation in leaves remains a major issue. The aims of this research were: (i) to test the modified intermittent Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) in the cultivation of soilless lettuce in which plants are grown on peat blocks in trays and supplied with an intermittent flow of nutrient solution, and (ii) to calibrate the fertilization scheme to increase yield performance, while keeping NO3 concentration under control. Two greenhouse trials were performed between autumn 2013 and spring 2014. Results showed that a 30-day cycle is the optimum duration in terms of fresh biomass yield, both for autumn and spring cultivation. Reducing N fertilization in the last cropping days never aected NO3 concentration in leaves during autumn trial, due to unfavourable growing conditions. Conversely, suspension of fertilization 2 days before harvest had a consistent eect during the spring trial, when NO3 concentration in leaves was highly reduced (from 20 to 36%) without yield penalties. Thus, suspending fertilization 2–4 days before harvesting in intermittent NFT may reduce, on average, NO3 accumulation by 29–58% and the fertilization rate by 7–16%, respectively. Yet, growing conditions are crucial to make this system eective.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a chenopodiaceous plant native to South America, cultivated for centuries mainly in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador countries which together account for more than 80% of world production. This herbaceous plant has wide potential for use: in the human diet (both in grain form and as flour and derivatives), as animal feed, and also in non-food and industrial applications, although the main interest is the former, due to its nutritional qualities and because it is gluten free, not being a cereal. In recent years, cultivation has been undertaken in several European countries,including Italy, where quinoa is grown both in experimental plots and in open fields. The study of the insects found on this crop has been carried out above all in South America but also in the United States and, more recently, in some European countries, where experimental cultivation began several years ago. In Italy, where the spontaneous and closely related Chenopodium album L. is present, it is particularly interesting to investigate which insects adapt to feed on the new crop. It is very likely that quinoa attracts indigenous-weed insect pests. As part of the experimental agronomic tests carried out recently to verify the adaptability of quinoa to the territory of Piacenza and Pavia (northern Italy), surveys have been carried out on the insect pests of this plant. In 2016, three test fields of quinoa and one second-level variety comparison field were sampled, while in 2017 the sampling was carried out in four second-level variety comparison fields. The results obtained show that the crop is attacked in the early vegetative phases by aphids (Rhynchota Aphidoidea) and flea beetles (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae), while in the flowering phase until ripening the most harmful insects are bugs (Rhynchota Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Miridae). Attacks by flea beetles, if combined with particularly dry periods, can seriously compromise the crop.

Nel contributo è illistrato il percorso seguito dalla filiera del pomodoro da industria del nord Italia nel suo processo di innovazione organizzativa che ha determinato la nascita dell'Organizzazione interprofessionale. In particolare sono illustrate le ragioni economiche che hanno stimolato questo percorso e gli effetti sulla competitività della filiera.