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Background Endometriosis affects about one in ten women and is a chronic disease. The endometrium grows outside the uterus cavity and causes pain and suffering that leads to a reduced quality of life. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate women´s experience of pain when living with endo-metriosis. Method The method used was a qualitative integrative compilation inspired by meta-synthesis where nine qualitative articles were analyzed. Results In this study three main themes and six sub-themes emerged. These showed that pain, infertility, heavy and long periods as symptoms when diagnosed with endometriosis affects woman in her daily life. This contributes to lost function and isolation when it comes to social relationships, love life, work, studies and everyday life. Conclusion Women with endometriosis need to receive care based on their individual problems and meet healthcare professionals who has knowledge and competence regarding endometriosis. This to provide the best possible conditions to alleviate suffering for these women.

Background Endometriosis affects about one in ten women and is a chronic disease. The endometrium grows outside the uterus cavity and causes pain and suffering that leads to a reduced quality of life. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate women´s experience of pain when living with endo-metriosis. Method The method used was a qualitative integrative compilation inspired by meta-synthesis where nine qualitative articles were analyzed. Results In this study three main themes and six sub-themes emerged. These showed that pain, infertility, heavy and long periods as symptoms when diagnosed with endometriosis affects woman in her daily life. This contributes to lost function and isolation when it comes to social relationships, love life, work, studies and everyday life. Conclusion Women with endometriosis need to receive care based on their individual problems and meet healthcare professionals who has knowledge and competence regarding endometriosis. This to provide the best possible conditions to alleviate suffering for these women.

The purpose of this study is to investigate adult women's experiences of sexual abuse by a close adult relative in their childhood. We have chosen to study two autobiographies written by women who themselves grew up in an environment where they were subjected to sexual abuse. The objective has been to analyze how these adult women remember their experience of circumstances perceived as positive and negative in their surrounding environment as children. Our empirical data will be analyzed using theories of risk and protective factors. The risk factors that will be analyzed include individual, family-based and community-level factors. The protective factors include individual characteristics, family patterns, close relationships and the significance of the community. The results show that the most prominent risk factors in the narratives are family-based, acting out behavior at school, self-blame and fear. The protective factors we could identify were significant relatives, awareness and empowering thoughts as well as school and friends. Overall the results indicate that the protective factors identified in the adult women´s narrative from their childhood have had a significant impact on the outcome of the risk factors to which the women were exposed to as children.

The construction industry has long been and still is a male-dominated sector. Today, the construction industry faces challenges in meeting its recruitment needs, while female workers have been historically excluded from the industry. Outdated norms within both internal organizational structures and external societal perceptions create obstacles to the recruitment of women. This study has explored how companies in the construction industry are working to recruit more women into the sector and how they are addressing workplace culture. It is not just about hiring a woman; for a woman to thrive in the male-dominated industry, companies must work with the company's values. This study includes individual respondents in various HR roles who can provide insights into how different companies in the construction industry approach recruitment and value-driven work from a gender perspective. The results indicate changes in the industry's culture in the recent years has been important, but it is still crucial to work with values to make employers attractive from a female perspective. Furthermore, there are difficulties in recruiting women with the right professional competence, making it important to proactively engage more women in the industry., Byggbranschen har länge varit en mansdominerad bransch. Byggbranschen har idag svårt att möta sina rekryteringsbehov samtidigt som den kvinnliga arbetaren har exkluderats från branschen historiskt. Förlegade normer om branschen både internt i organisationerna och externt i samhället försvårar rekryteringen av kvinnor. Denna studie har undersökt hur företag inom byggbranschen arbetar för att rekrytera fler kvinnor till branschen samt hur de arbetar med kulturen på arbetsplatserna. Det handlar inte endast om att anställa en kvinna, utan även att företagen måste jobba med sina värderingar för att kvinnan ska trivas i den mansdominerade branschen. I studien består respondenterna av personer i olika HR-roller som kan ge svar på hur olika företag inom byggbranschen arbetar med rekrytering och värdestyrt arbete ur ett genusperspektiv. Resultatet visar på att upplevelsen av förändringen av kulturen i branschen de senaste åren har varit betydelsefull men att det fortfarande är viktigt att arbeta värdestyrt för att göra arbetsgivarna attraktiva ur ett kvinnligt perspektiv. Vidare finns det svårigheter att rekrytera kvinnor med rätt yrkeskompetens vilket gör det viktigt att arbeta proaktivt för att få fler kvinnor intresserade av branschen.

he Carta de Monterrey, written by Sister Juana Inés de la Cruz, on a date close to 1681, and in response to her confessor, Antonio Núñez de Miranda, is conceived as the most rapturous and eloquent expression of the Hieronymite nun against the control of her spiritual guide and the authority that it represents in the colonial society of the seventeenth century. The interest of the text, within the framework of the New Spanish controversy, is based on three points: the criticism of social hierarchy; The problematization of hegemonic authority and the construc-tion of normative knowledge, which the Jerónima addresses from her triple condi-tion of subaltern, as a woman, nun and literate Creole. This article proposes an ap-proach to the epistolary text from the rhetoric of marginality to analyze the defense of Monterrey as a proposal for the production and reproduction of a dissident and transforming ideology of the prevailing dogmatic order, La Carta de Monterrey, escrita por sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, en fecha próxima a 1681, y en respuesta a su confesor, Antonio Núñez de Miranda, se concibe como la expresión más arrebatada y elocuente de la monja jerónima contra la fiscalización de su guía espiritual y de la autoridad que este representa en la sociedad colonial del siglo XVII. El interés del texto, en el marco de la polémica novohispana, se apoya en tres puntos: la crítica a la jerarquización social; la problematización de la autoridad hegemónica y la construcción del conocimiento normativo, que la jerónima aborda desde su triple condición de subalterna, en tanto mujer, monja y criolla letrada. Este artículo propone una aproximación al texto epistolar desde la retórica de la marginalidad para analizar la defensa de Monterrey como una pro-puesta de producción y reproducción de una ideología disidente y transformadora del orden dogmático imperante

Motherhood is a complex cultural phenomenon with socially constructed representations, meanings and symbolism around women. The article proposes to analyze the configurations of symbolic violence in motherhood in women from Lima-Peru. Following a phenomenological design, 13 female university students and first-time mothers were interviewed. After analyzing the interviews, three main categories were identified: Meanings of motherhood; motherhood with disappointment, shame and guilt; and first mother, then woman. The main results indicate that the meanings of woman are related to responsibility and difficulty, due to bodily and social changes. Guilt arises from the expectations and demands of others regarding the maternal condition, which generates emotional conflicts in them; the father figure installs shame and disappointment in interactions with the participants based on gender constructions and stereotypes; Likewise, the participants perceive that motherhood has displaced being a woman, making it difficult to consolidate her identity as such. It is concluded that women perceive motherhood with a sense of guilt due to non-compliance with those actions validated based on stereotypes and hegemonic conceptions about family, society and roles of wife and mother, La maternidad es un fenómeno cultural complejo con representaciones socialmente construidas, significados y simbolismos en torno a la mujer. El artículo propone analizar las configuraciones de violencia simbólica en la maternidad en mujeres de Lima-Perú. Siguiendo un diseño fenomenológico, se entrevistó 13 mujeres estudiantes universitarias y madres por primera vez. Luego del análisis de las entrevistas, se identificó tres categorías principales: Significados de maternidad; maternidad con decepción, vergüenza y culpa; y primero madre, luego mujer. Los principales resultados indican que los significados de mujer se relacionan a la responsabilidad y dificultad, debido a los cambios corporales y sociales. La culpa surge por las expectativas y exigencia de los otros respecto a la condición materna lo cual genera conflictos emocionales en ellas; la figura paterna instala la vergüenza y decepción en las interacciones con las participantes a partir de construcciones y estereotipos de género; así mismo las participantes perciben que la maternidad ha desplazado el ser mujer dificultando la consolidación de su identidad como tal. Se concluye que las mujeres perciben la maternidad con un sentido de culpa debido al incumplimiento de aquellas acciones validadas en base a estereotipos y concepciones hegemónicas sobre familia, sociedad y roles de esposa y madre.

Within cinematographic art – unlike literary art – the character of Medea has been brought to the screen in the absence of condemnatory meanings of a moral nature. The primordial essence of the myth of Medea in the cinema is presented unrelated to the philosophical, scientific and rational point of view, since its ultimate meaning escapes even the literary language itself. Certainly, the most outstanding cinematographic creators have given life to this mythological figure in relation to the ineffable, that is, as an imaginary archetype that produces meaning: united with the symbolic, the silence, mystery and art., Dentro del arte cinematográfico –a diferencia del literario– el personaje de Medea ha sido llevado a la pantalla desde la ausencia de significaciones condenatorias de carácter moral. La esencia primigenia del mito de Medea en el cine se presenta desvinculada del punto de vista filosófico, científico y racional, pues su sentido último escapa, incluso, al propio lenguaje literario. Ciertamente, los más sobresalientes creadores cinematográficos han dado vida a esta figura mitológica en relación con lo inefable, esto es, como arquetipo imaginario productor de sentido: unido a lo simbólico, al silencio, al misterio y al arte.

Femicide is a serious crime based on gender inequalities rooted in society and that contribute to the perpetuation of violence against women. In Ecuador, as in other countries, power relations play a fundamental role in the context of femicide. The objective of this review is to analyze the conception of power relations in the crime of femicide in Ecuadorian legislation. The methodology used was qualitative in which a bibliographic review was made in the most relevant databases. According to the investigation, the high levels of femicide crimes in Ecuador have led several countries in the region to classify it within their legal bodies. This suggests that, although the criminalization of femicide has contributed to increasing social awareness about murders due to gender violence, there are still challenges regarding a clear classification within the norm, which allows the definition of the crime in terms of power relations, which should also be included within the articles in the COIP (Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code)., El femicidio es un delito grave basado en las desigualdades de género arraigadas en la sociedad y que contribuyen a la perpetuación de la violencia contra la mujer. En Ecuador, al igual que en otros países, las relaciones de poder desempeñan un papel fundamental en el contexto del femicidio. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo analizar la concepción de las relaciones de poder en el delito de femicidio en la legislación ecuatoriana. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa en la cual se hizo una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos de mayor relevancia. De acuerdo con la investigación, los altos niveles de crímenes de femicidio en Ecuador han hecho que varios países de la región lo hayan tipificado dentro de sus cuerpos legales. Esto sugiere que, aunque la criminalización del femicidio ha contribuido a aumentar la conciencia social sobre los asesinatos por violencia de género, aún existen desafíos referentes a una tipificación clara dentro de la norma, que permita la definición del delito en cuanto las relaciones de poder, lo cual, también deberían ser incluidas dentro del articulado en el COIP (Código Orgánico Integral Penal).

A pandemia de Covid-19 ressignificou inúmeras abordagens acerca das relações sociais constituídas até então, sobretudo as relações demarcadas pelo gênero, visto que as mulheres foram impactadas sobremaneira e de modo diverso em razão das especificidades historicamente delineadas. Com isso, a investigação se debruçou em analisar as consequências da pandemia entre as mulheres sob a perspectiva de extrair uma reflexão crítica dos marcadores sociais como classe e raça/etnia como preponderantes na exclusão das mulheres do mercado de trabalho e sua difícil realocação no período pós-pandêmico. O trabalho em comento foi elaborado a partir de um estudo do tipo transversal, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e utilizando uma pesquisa de campo, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas por intermédio de ligações telefônicas para registrar as implicações do período pós-pandêmico para as mulheres. Importante salientar que o presente estudo foi submetido à apreciação no Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade de Franca/UNIFRAN e aprovado. Observa-se que a reabsorção da mulher pelo mercado de trabalho no período pós-pandêmico ainda consiste em grande desafio para as políticas públicas de enfrentamento à desigualdade de gênero., The Covid-19 pandemic has re-signified numerous approaches to the social relationships established until then, especially those marked by gender, as women were greatly and differently impacted due to historically delineated specificities. This work focused on analyzing the consequences of the pandemic among women from the perspective of extracting a critical reflection of social markers, such as class and race/ethnicity, as predominant in women’s exclusion from the labor market and their difficult reallocation in the post-pandemic. This work is a cross-sectional and exploratory study, including a qualitative approach and with field research, realized through semi-structured interviews by carried out by phone calls to record the implications of the post-pandemic period for women. It was observed that the reabsorption of women by the labor market in the post-pandemic period is still a major challenge for public policies to combat gender inequality. The present study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the University of Franca/UNIFRAN., La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha resignificado numerosos enfoques de las relaciones sociales establecidas hasta entonces, especialmente aquellas delimitadas por género, ya que las mujeres fueron impactadas de una forma mayor y diferente por las especificidades históricamente delineadas. Con ello, este trabajo se centró en analizar las consecuencias de la pandemia entre las mujeres desde la perspectiva de extraer una reflexión crítica de marcadores sociales, como clase social y raza/etnia, como predominantes en la exclusión de las mujeres del mercado laboral y su difícil reasignación en la pos-pandemia. Este trabajo fue elaborado a partir de un estudio transversal y exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo y utilizando investigación de campo, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas por teléfono para registrar las implicaciones de la pos-pandemia en las mujeres. Fue observado que la reabsorción de las mujeres por el mercado laboral en la pos-pandemia sigue siendo un gran desafío para las políticas públicas de combate a la desigualdad de género. El presente trabajo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación de la Universidad de Franca/UNIFRAN.

A pandemia de Covid-19 ressignificou inúmeras abordagens acerca das relações sociais constituídas até então, sobretudo as relações demarcadas pelo gênero, visto que as mulheres foram impactadas sobremaneira e de modo diverso em razão das especificidades historicamente delineadas. Com isso, a investigação se debruçou em analisar as consequências da pandemia entre as mulheres sob a perspectiva de extrair uma reflexão crítica dos marcadores sociais como classe e raça/etnia como preponderantes na exclusão das mulheres do mercado de trabalho e sua difícil realocação no período pós-pandêmico. O trabalho em comento foi elaborado a partir de um estudo do tipo transversal, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e utilizando uma pesquisa de campo, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas por intermédio de ligações telefônicas para registrar as implicações do período pós-pandêmico para as mulheres. Importante salientar que o presente estudo foi submetido à apreciação no Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade de Franca/UNIFRAN e aprovado. Observa-se que a reabsorção da mulher pelo mercado de trabalho no período pós-pandêmico ainda consiste em grande desafio para as políticas públicas de enfrentamento à desigualdade de gênero., The Covid-19 pandemic has re-signified numerous approaches to the social relationships established until then, especially those marked by gender, as women were greatly and differently impacted due to historically delineated specificities. This work focused on analyzing the consequences of the pandemic among women from the perspective of extracting a critical reflection of social markers, such as class and race/ethnicity, as predominant in women’s exclusion from the labor market and their difficult reallocation in the post-pandemic. This work is a cross-sectional and exploratory study, including a qualitative approach and with field research, realized through semi-structured interviews by carried out by phone calls to record the implications of the post-pandemic period for women. It was observed that the reabsorption of women by the labor market in the post-pandemic period is still a major challenge for public policies to combat gender inequality. The present study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the University of Franca/UNIFRAN., La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha resignificado numerosos enfoques de las relaciones sociales establecidas hasta entonces, especialmente aquellas delimitadas por género, ya que las mujeres fueron impactadas de una forma mayor y diferente por las especificidades históricamente delineadas. Con ello, este trabajo se centró en analizar las consecuencias de la pandemia entre las mujeres desde la perspectiva de extraer una reflexión crítica de marcadores sociales, como clase social y raza/etnia, como predominantes en la exclusión de las mujeres del mercado laboral y su difícil reasignación en la pos-pandemia. Este trabajo fue elaborado a partir de un estudio transversal y exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo y utilizando investigación de campo, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas por teléfono para registrar las implicaciones de la pos-pandemia en las mujeres. Fue observado que la reabsorción de las mujeres por el mercado laboral en la pos-pandemia sigue siendo un gran desafío para las políticas públicas de combate a la desigualdad de género. El presente trabajo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación de la Universidad de Franca/UNIFRAN.

L’any 1929, el folklorista alteà Francesc Martínez presentà l’obra Llegendari valencià al concurs «Llegendari popular català», però l’obra va quedar inèdita fins a 1995. Entre les narracions que componien el volum hi havia «La cova de la Dona», una llegenda alteana en què s’explica el rapte i alliberament d’una jove pels pirates barbarescs. Cal dir que la història venia motivada per una cova vora mar de la Marina Baixa denominada cova de la Dona. Afortunadament, l’any 1947, «La cova de la Dona» aparegué en el tercer volum de Coses de la meua terra, de Francesc Martínez. Dos aspectes principals podem observar en la llegenda: l’amalgama entre realitat històrica i mite i el distint tractament entre la descripció del protagonista masculí (objectiva) i la descripció de la protagonista femenina (sexualitzada). Aquest tractament esbiaixat resulta més clar si el contrastem amb les reelaboracions contemporànies, com la sinopsi de la llegenda realitzada per Joan Borja (2005) i la versió que escriu Pilar Llorca (2018). Ambdues versions estan creades des d’uns paràmetres més concordes amb els temps actuals, en què la cosificació de la dona desapareix. L’anàlisi i contrast de les versions ens permeten veure com els sedassos ideològics modifiquen la presentació de les narracions tradicionals., In 1929, the Altean folklorist, Francesc Martínez, submitted Llegendari Valencià to the competition “Llegendari popular Català”, but it remained unpublished until 1995. One of the narratives it contained was “La cova de la Dona” (“The Woman’s Cave”), the legend of the kidnapping and release of a young woman by barbarian pirates. This legend was about a cave near the sea, in the Marina Baixa region, called Cova de la Dona. Fortunately, in 1947, “La cova de la Dona” appeared in the third volume of Coses de la meua terra by Francesc Martínez. The legend has two features of note: the relationship between historical reality and myth; and the different approach to the descriptions of the male protagonist (objective) and the female protagonist (sexualised). This bias is clearer if we contrast it with contemporary rewrites such as the two synopses of the legend by Joan Borja (2005) and Pilar Llorca (2018). Both versions are more in line with current times where women are not objectified. The analysis and contrast of the versions shows that ideology can modify how traditional narratives are presented.

El objeto de este trabajo es el pensamiento de Simone de Beauvoir relativo a la corporalidad, así como sus reflexiones concernientes a la pregunta «¿qué es una mujer?» Nuestro objetivo será mostrar que la frase «no se nace mujer, se llega a serlo» ha sido erróneamente interpretada por fuentes posestructuralistas como Judith Butler, con la pretensión de reafirmar sus propios postulados. La metodología empleada en este trabajo es la hermenéutica crítica, dado que partiremos de la lectura comparada de distintas fuentes filosóficas. Butler defiende que tanto el sexo como el género son cuestiones completamente culturales y que, por tanto, las mujeres serían una construcción lingüística. En cambio, la filósofa francesa no concibe que la mujer, la hembra humana, sea reductible a un producto cultural o lingüístico. También podemos descartar de plano que Beauvoir suscriba una definición de «mujer» que se remita a su posición como sujeto subordinado de la sociedad. La filósofa francesa sostiene que, cuando la sociedad alcance la igualdad entre los sexos, las diferencias anatómicas subsistirán. Asimismo, para De Beauvoir la mujer no puede ser definida por la feminidad, puesto que esta no es un atributo de las mujeres, sino una invención del hombre que podría proyectarse incluso sobre un objeto inanimado o sobre un varón. La feminidad ha sido hecha a la medida de la hembra para mantenerla sujeta, inhibiendo el libre desarrollo de la identidad de la mujer. La conclusión que extraemos en este trabajo es que la interpretación de Butler resulta contraria a la fenomenología del cuerpo femenino que vertebra la obra de Simone de Beauvoir. La fenomenología existencialista de Simone de Beauvoir se centra en la importancia de la experiencia corporal, que es la forma humana de habitar el mundo. Para ejemplificarlo, De Beauvoir reflexionó sobre la relevancia vital de experiencias del cuerpo sexuado como las relativas a la vulva, el coito, el himen, la pubertad, las molestias de la menstrua, The object of this paper is Simone de Beauvoir’s thought concerning corporeality, as well as her reflections concerning the question «what is a woman?» Our objective will be to show that the phrase «one is not born a woman, one becomes one» has been erroneously interpreted by post-structuralist sources such as Judith Butler, with the pretension of reaffirming their own postulates. The methodology used in this paper is critical hermeneutics, since we will start from a comparative reading of different philosophical sources. Butler argues that both sex and gender are completely cultural issues and that, therefore, women are a linguistic construct. On the other hand, the French philosopher does not conceive that woman, the human female, is reducible to a cultural or linguistic product. We can also flatly rule out that De Beauvoir subscribes to a definition of «woman» that refers to her position as a subordinate subject of society. The French philosopher maintains that, when society achieves equality between the sexes, anatomical differences will persist. Likewise, for De Beauvoir, woman cannot be defined by femininity, since femininity is not an attribute of women, but an invention of man that could be projected even on an inanimate object or on a male. Femininity has been tailor-made for the female to keep her subject, inhibiting the free development of the woman’s identity. The conclusion we draw in this paper is that Butler’s interpretation is contrary to the phenomenology of the female body that underlies De Beauvoir’s work. De Beauvoir’s existentialist phenomenology focuses on the importance of bodily experience, which is the human way of inhabiting the world. To exemplify this, Simone de Beauvoir reflected on the vital relevance of experiences of the sexed body such as those related to the vulva, coitus, the hymen, puberty, the discomforts of menstruation and menopause, among others.

In the course of the mid to late 20th and 21st centuries the term "vibrator" has been synonymous with sexual gratification and the female sex drive. However, its original usage is more in line with a therapeutic medical treatment administered and recommended by medical professionals. In this article the history of the vibrator discusses the roots of medicines views on the female body and the ways in which their ailments were treated, with medicine not fully understanding the female sexual gratification of clitoral stimulation until the 1920s. These previous decades are colored by ancient understandings of the female sex and their bodily functions, ultimately culminating in the creation and implementation of the vibrator to relieve various feminine health issues, most prominently hysteria.

In this text, we reflect on human procreation through labor, addressing its relationship with the survival of the species, the complexity of social organization, the emergence of the State, and the accumulation of capital. We analyze this issue based on concepts from philosophers such as Hannah Arendt and Silvia Federici, highlighting the role of labor in sustaining life and reproducing the workforce. We highlight historical, social, and economic aspects of procreation. We emphasize the change in the perception of procreation over time, with the transition from egalitarian societies to class societies, where procreation became instrumentalized for the accumulation of capital. We also address the subordination of women in the context of procreation, highlighting how control over their bodies was historically manipulated by the State and patriarchal society, as well as the repression of women who challenged gender norms and power structures. Finally, the text underscores the importance of recognizing and valuing the work of procreation, as well as combating gender inequalities and forms of oppression that affect women in this context., En este texto, reflexionamos sobre la procreación humana junto con el trabajo, abordando su relación con la supervivencia de la especie, la complejidad de la organización social, el surgimiento del Estado y la acumulación de capital. Analizamos esta cuestión fundamentada en conceptos de filósofas como Hannah Arendt y Silvia Federici, destacando el papel del trabajo en el mantenimiento de la vida y en la reproducción de la fuerza de trabajo. Evidenciamos aspectos históricos, sociales y económicos de la procreación. Destacamos el cambio en la percepción de la procreación a lo largo del tiempo, con la transición de sociedades igualitarias a sociedades de clases, donde la procreación pasó a ser instrumentalizada para la acumulación de capital. Abordamos también la subordinación de las mujeres en el contexto de la procreación, destacando cómo el control sobre sus cuerpos fue históricamente manipulado por el Estado y la sociedad patriarcal, así como la represión de las mujeres que desafiaban las normas de género y la estructura de poder. Por último, el texto resalta la importancia de reconocer y valorar el trabajo de procreación, así como de combatir las desigualdades de género y las formas de opresión que afectan a las mujeres en este contexto., Neste texto, refletimos sobre a procriação humana com o trabalho, abordando sua relação com a sobrevivência da espécie, a complexidade da organização social, o surgimento do Estado e a acumulação de capital. Analisamos esta questão fundamentada em conceitos de filósofas como Hannah Arendt e Silvia Federici, destacando o papel do trabalho na manutenção da vida e na reprodução da força de trabalho. Evidenciamos aspectos históricos, sociais e econômicos da procriação. Destacamos a mudança na percepção da procriação ao longo do tempo, com a transição de sociedades igualitárias para sociedades de classes, onde a procriação passou a ser instrumentalizada para o acumulo de capital. Abordamos também a subordinação das mulheres no contexto da procriação, destacando como o controle sobre seus corpos foi historicamente manipulado pelo Estado e pela sociedade patriarcal, assim como a repressão das mulheres que desafiavam as normas de gênero e a estrutura de poder. Por fim, o texto ressalta a importância de reconhecer e valorizar o trabalho de procriação, bem como de combater as desigualdades de gênero e as formas de opressão que afetam as mulheres nesse contexto.

This thesis explores the underrepresentation of children in Iranian archaeology, particularly within the framework of North American scholarship. It aims to shed light on the reasons behind the neglect of children's contributions in ancient societies and examines the cultural, social, and academic biases that have contributed to this oversight. Through a comprehensive scoping review of both Iranian and North American archaeological literature, the research identifies key gaps in the study of children, highlighting the dominant focus on monumental architecture and male-centric narratives. This neglect not only limits our understanding of ancient societies but also perpetuates a biased view of the past. By integrating feminist and decolonizing methodologies, this thesis advocates for a more inclusive approach that recognizes the significant roles children played in shaping ancient Iranian societies. The study further discusses how incorporating child-centered perspectives can enrich archaeological narratives, leading to a deeper and more nuanced interpretation of Iran’s cultural heritage. Furthermore, it emphasizes how children, as active agents, contributed to the transmission of knowledge, innovation, and social structures within their communities. This research emphasizes the need for greater engagement by both Iranian and North American archaeologists in the study of children, arguing that such efforts will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of historical and prehistorical communities. By addressing these gaps and biases, the research underscores the potential of child-focused archaeology to reveal new insights into the social, cultural, and economic dynamics of past societies in Iran and beyond.

Bakgrunden till denna litteraturöversikt är att kvinnor som utsatts för våld och övergrepp tillhör en skör grupp som kan ha extra behov av vård och stöd. Samtidigt upplever kvinnorna att det är både svårt och stigmatiserat att tala om det de utsatts för. Barnmorskans kompetensområde omfattar reproduktiv, perinatal och sexuell hälsa, vilket gör att hen kommer att möta kvinnor med olika bakgrund, ur alla samhällsklasser. Våld och övergrepp förekommer inom alla samhällsgrupper. Att leva i det, eller med minnen av det kan påverka hälsan både fysiskt och psykiskt. Den här litteraturöversikten fokuserar på kvinnor i graviditet och förlossning. Syftet med den här litteraturöversikten var att beskriva hur kvinnor som blivit utsatta för sexuellt våld upplever sin graviditet och förlossning. Metoden som användes var en litteraturöversikt med systematisk metod och integrerad analys. Sökningar i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl genererade kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar som kvalitetsgranskades för att garantera god vetenskaplig kvalitet. Resultatet visade att graviditet och förlossning reaktiverade minnet av sexuellt våld för dessa kvinnor. Nästan allt under graviditeten och förlossningen kunde väcka minnet av våldet och skapade negativa känslor. Ett återkommande fynd var känslan av att förlora kontrollen, speciellt vid fysiska undersökningar. Barnmorskan visade sig vara en nyckelfigur, där relationen och stödet som barnmorskan kunde erbjuda hade en avgörande roll för hur kvinnans upplevelse skulle bli genom graviditet och förlossning. Slutsatsen visar på att det är viktigt att barnmorskan har adekvat utbildning för att möta kvinnor som utsatts för sexuellt våld. Barnmorskan måste våga ställa frågan om våld och ha en handlingsplan för hur hen ska agera på svaret. Alla kvinnor vågar inte avslöja sitt förflutna och då är det viktigt att barnmorskan är lyhörd för tecken på att kvinnan varit utsatt. Må, The background of this literature review is that women who have been subjected to violence and abuse belong to a fragile group who may have extra needs for care and support. At the same time the women feel that it is both difficult and stigmatizing to talk about what they have been exposed to. The midwife's area of competence includes reproductive, perinatal, and sexual health, which means that she will meet women from different backgrounds, from all social classes. Violence and abuse occur within all social groups. Living with it, or with memories of it, can affect health both physically and psychologically. This literature review focuses on women in pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of this literature review was to describe the experience of pregnancy and childbirth for women who were exposed to sexual violence. The method used was a literature review with a systematic method and integrated analysis. Searches in the PubMed and Cinahl databases generated qualitative and quantitative articles that were quality reviewed to ensure good scientific quality. The results showed that pregnancy and childbirth reactivated the memory of sexual violence for these women. Almost everything during pregnancy and childbirth could evoke the memory of the violence and create negative feelings. A recurring finding was the feeling of losing control, especially during physical examinations. The midwife proved to be a key figure, where the relationship and support the midwife could offer had a decisive role in how the woman's experience would be through pregnancy and childbirth. The conclusion shows that it is important that the midwife has adequate training to meet women who have been subjected to sexual violence. The midwife must dare to ask the question about violence and have an action plan for how to act on the answer. Not all women dare to reveal their past and then it is important that the midwife is sensitive to signs that the woman has been exposed. Many women feel safer when th

Bakgrund: Intimate partner violence (IPV) är ett folkhälsoproblem världen över. Kvinnor är överrepresenterade offer och våld mot kvinnor är en kränkning mot deras mänskliga rättigheter. Sjuksköterskor har en central roll i att upptäcka våldsutsatthet och de har en skyldighet att aktivt möta och vårda dessa kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av mötet med kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relation Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv kvalitativ ansats. Analys genom Graneheim och Lundmans metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys från 2004. Resultat: Resultatet genererade två kategorier: Kompetens och förhållningssätt samt Vikten av en stödjande organisation med totalt sex subkategorier. Dessa påvisade sjuksköterskors kunskap, praktiska erfarenheter samt attityder och pliktkänslor. Subkategorierna tar även upp organisationens ansvar och påverkan på sjuksköterskors möte med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Slutsats: Ökad kunskap och tydliga riktlinjer är avgörande för att kunna arbeta mot IPV. Sjuksköterskors kompetens och tillgång till resurser spelar stor roll för att kunna erbjuda adekvat vård och tillräckligt stöd för våldsutsatta kvinnor, vilket bidrar till minskat lidande och ökad värdighet hos båda parter. Fortsatt forskning: Fortsatt forskning behövs med fokus på förövaren och grunden till våldsutövandet., Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue where women are a particularly vulnerable group, and it violates their human rights. Nurses play a central role in identifying IPV, and according to the law, they are obligated to actively encounter and care for these women. Aim: The aim was to illustrate nurses’ experiences of encountering women who have been subjected to intimate partner violence. Method: General literature review with and inductive qualitative approach. Analysis was conducted using Graneheim and Lundman’s method for qualitative content analysis from 2004. Results: Two categories: Competence and approach and The importance of a supportive organization, with six subcategories. These demonstrated nurses’ knowledge and practical experiences as well as attitudes and sense of duty. They address the organization’s responsibility and its impact on nurse’s encounters with women experiencing violence. Conclusions: Increased knowledge and clear guidelines are crucial for addressing IPV. Nurses’ competence and access to resources play a significant role in providing adequate care and sufficient support for women experiencing violence, to reduce suffering and increase dignity for both parties. Continued research: Continued research is needed with a focus on the perpetrator and the root causes of violence.

Bakgrund: Hysterektomi är en vanlig gynekologisk operation där livmodern avlägsnas till följd av olika gynekologiska besvär. Var tionde kvinna genomgår operationen i Sverige. Vid hysterektomi påverkas kvinnan både fysiskt och psykologiskt och sjuksköterskan bör ge god vård med ett helhetsperspektiv på människan. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa kvinnors psykologiska upplevelse av hysterektomi. Metod: Studien var en allmän litteraturstudie med en induktiv ansats. Totalt nio refereegranskade artiklar bearbetades från databaserna PsycInfo, CINAHL och PubMed, varav fyra var kvalitativa och fem kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Studiens resultat delades in i fem huvudkategorier utifrån studiens syfte: Depression och ångest, Förändrad fertilitet och självbild, Relationer, Behov av stöd och Lättnad. Konklusion: Flera av kvinnorna mådde psykiskt dåligt efter borttagning av livmodern samtidigt som somliga kvinnor mådde betydligt bättre, upplevelserna varierade bland kvinnorna. Kunskapen bidrar till att både blivande sjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskor förstår hur en kvinna kan påverkas psykologiskt efter en hysterektomi och betydelsen av en helhetssyn i vården av kvinnan. Det behövs en ökad kunskap om hur kvinnor mår psykologiskt efter en hysterektomi., Background: Hysterectomy is a common gynecological procedure involving the removal of the uterus due to various gynecological issues. Every tenth woman undergoes the surgery in Sweden. Psychological health is influenced by risk factors and affect women’s daily lives and the nurse should provide good care with a holistic perspective on the individual. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate women’s psychological experiences of hysterectomy. Method: The study was a general literature review with an inductive approach. A total of nine peer-reviewed articles were processed from the databases PsycInfo, CINAHL and PubMed, including four qualitative and five quantitative articles. Result: The study’s findings were categorized into five main categories based on the study’s purpose: Depression and Anxiety, Altered Fertility and Self-Image, Relationships, Need for support and Relief. Conclusion: Several of the women felt mentally unwell after the removal of the uterus, while some women felt significantly better; experiences varied among the women. This knowledge helps both future nurses and current nurses understand how a woman can be psychologically affected after a hysterectomy and the importance of a holistic approach in women's care. There is a need for increased understanding of women's psychological well-being after a hysterectomy.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer beräknas vara den vanligaste formen av cancersjukdomar bland kvinnor. Majoriteten av kvinnor som insjuknar i bröstcancer diagnostiseras vid ett tidigt stadium vilket ökar chansen för överlevnad. Men eftersom bröstcancer inte alltid är lika framträdande ställs krav på noggrannhet vid diagnosticering. Att bli diagnostiserad med bröstcancer medför ett fysiskt, psykiskt, emotionellt och existentiellt lidande, och sjuksköterskan har därför en betydande funktion i att stödja patienten under vårdprocessen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kvinnors erfarenheter av att insjukna i bröstcancer. Metod: Denna studie har genomförts som en kvalitativ studie baserad på bloggar. Åtta bloggar valdes ut och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra teman: En inre kamp att insjukna i diagnosen, Kroppsliga förändringar påverkar vardagen, Stöd från sjukvårdspersonal och anhöriga, och Olika aspekter av bemötandet inom vården. Insjuknandet i bröstcancer beskrevs som en påfrestande händelse i livet och stöd från vårdpersonalen och anhöriga, samt samtal var av betydelse. Konklusion: Att insjukna i bröstcancer är en påfrestande händelse i livet som påverkar hela kvinnan. Genom stöd som präglas av kontinuitet, tillgänglighet och information, kan sjuksköterskor bidra till att minska lidande och främja kvinnors hälsa, välbefinnande och trygghet vid insjuknandet av bröstcancer., Background: Breast cancer is estimated to be the most common form of cancer among women. The majority of women who develop breast cancer are diagnosed at an early stage, which increases the chance of survival. But because breast cancer is not always as prominent, accuracy is required when diagnosing. Being diagnosed with breast cancer entails physical, psychological, emotional and existential suffering, and the nurse therefore has a significant function in supporting the patient during the care process. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate women's experiences of getting sick with breast cancer. Method: This study has been conducted as a qualitative literature study based on blogs. Eight blogs were selected and analyzed through qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. Findings: The analysis resulted in four themes: An inner struggle to get sick with the diagnosis, Bodily changes affect everyday life, Support from healthcare and relatives, and Different aspects of treatment in care. Being diagnosed with breast cancer was described as a wearing incident in life and support from healthcare staff and relatives and also conversations were important. Conclusion: Getting breast cancer is a stressful event in life that affects the whole woman. Through support that is characterized by continuity, accessibility, and information, nurses can contribute to reducing suffering and promoting women's health, well-being and security when diagnosed with breast cancer.

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is a crucial measure of bone health, providing essential information for assessing the risk of fractures and other bone-related conditions. Panoramic radiography, commonly used in dental practice, presents a potential alternative for BMD screening. This systematic to evaluate the effectiveness of panoramic radiography in detecting BMD based on literatures of the last 10 years Methods: The study adhered to PRISMA 2020 standards, examining English literature from 2014 to 2024. It excluded editorials, reviews from the same journal, and submissions without a DOI. PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar were utilized as literature sources. Result: Initially retrieving 360 articles from online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink and Google Scholar) eight relevant papers were selected after three rounds of screening for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs, including MI, MCI, and MCW, are valuable tools for screening bone mineral density (BMD) and detecting osteoporosis in women. Panoramic radiographs are effective in detecting osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women.

Uppsatsen bygger på intervjuer med unga akademiska kvinnor vars inställning är att inte ha barn. Totalt genomfördes sju intervjuer som har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka unga akademiska kvinnors resonemang kring att de inte vill ha barn med frågeställningarna: Vilka möjligheter och hinder ser kvinnorna med att skaffa barn? Samt: Hur ser kvinnorna på ett liv som förälder?Kvinnornas berättelser har blivit analyserade utifrån ett sociologiskt perspektiv gällande hur samhällets utformning och dess normer, möjlighet till självförverkligande och karriär har för samband med den trend med minskande barnafödslar som vi kan se idag. Resultatet visar att kvinnornas huvudsakliga orsaker till ett barnfritt liv berodde på att moderskapet sågs som krävande, där den tid som ett barn hade tagit skulle hellre skulle läggas på en själv. Karriär hade också ett tydligt samband för det barnfria livet, eftersom ansvarsfördelningen av barnet skiljer sig åt mellan könen där kvinnan tar det större ansvaret, vilket medförde att kvinnorna ville vara barnfria för att möjliggöra en karriär. Frihet och självförverkligande var ytterligare aspekter för att ha ett barnfritt liv. Frihet för kvinnorna kunde handla om spontanitet, resor, sova hur de vill, äta hur de vill och att inte behöva ta hänsyntill någon annan än sig själv. Vidare urskildes hur individualiseringsprocesser påverkade kvinnorna i deras val, eftersom den tidsmässiga aspekten var central som anledning till att inte skaffa barn. Vissa kvinnor uttryckte att om de bott i en drömvärld, där andra vuxna tog ett kollektivt ansvar, hade deras inställning varit annorlunda. Risker i det moderna samhället visade sig vara ett hinder för att skaffa barn, där kvinnorna uttryckte en oro inför framtiden. Krig i världen, miljö och politik blev således aspekter som påverkat deras livsval.

Bakgrunden till denna litteraturöversikt är att kvinnor som utsatts för våld och övergrepp tillhör en skör grupp som kan ha extra behov av vård och stöd. Samtidigt upplever kvinnorna att det är både svårt och stigmatiserat att tala om det de utsatts för. Barnmorskans kompetensområde omfattar reproduktiv, perinatal och sexuell hälsa, vilket gör att hen kommer att möta kvinnor med olika bakgrund, ur alla samhällsklasser. Våld och övergrepp förekommer inom alla samhällsgrupper. Att leva i det, eller med minnen av det kan påverka hälsan både fysiskt och psykiskt. Den här litteraturöversikten fokuserar på kvinnor i graviditet och förlossning. Syftet med den här litteraturöversikten var att beskriva hur kvinnor som blivit utsatta för sexuellt våld upplever sin graviditet och förlossning. Metoden som användes var en litteraturöversikt med systematisk metod och integrerad analys. Sökningar i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl genererade kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar som kvalitetsgranskades för att garantera god vetenskaplig kvalitet. Resultatet visade att graviditet och förlossning reaktiverade minnet av sexuellt våld för dessa kvinnor. Nästan allt under graviditeten och förlossningen kunde väcka minnet av våldet och skapade negativa känslor. Ett återkommande fynd var känslan av att förlora kontrollen, speciellt vid fysiska undersökningar. Barnmorskan visade sig vara en nyckelfigur, där relationen och stödet som barnmorskan kunde erbjuda hade en avgörande roll för hur kvinnans upplevelse skulle bli genom graviditet och förlossning. Slutsatsen visar på att det är viktigt att barnmorskan har adekvat utbildning för att möta kvinnor som utsatts för sexuellt våld. Barnmorskan måste våga ställa frågan om våld och ha en handlingsplan för hur hen ska agera på svaret. Alla kvinnor vågar inte avslöja sitt förflutna och då är det viktigt att barnmorskan är lyhörd för tecken på att kvinnan varit utsatt. Må, The background of this literature review is that women who have been subjected to violence and abuse belong to a fragile group who may have extra needs for care and support. At the same time the women feel that it is both difficult and stigmatizing to talk about what they have been exposed to. The midwife's area of competence includes reproductive, perinatal, and sexual health, which means that she will meet women from different backgrounds, from all social classes. Violence and abuse occur within all social groups. Living with it, or with memories of it, can affect health both physically and psychologically. This literature review focuses on women in pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of this literature review was to describe the experience of pregnancy and childbirth for women who were exposed to sexual violence. The method used was a literature review with a systematic method and integrated analysis. Searches in the PubMed and Cinahl databases generated qualitative and quantitative articles that were quality reviewed to ensure good scientific quality. The results showed that pregnancy and childbirth reactivated the memory of sexual violence for these women. Almost everything during pregnancy and childbirth could evoke the memory of the violence and create negative feelings. A recurring finding was the feeling of losing control, especially during physical examinations. The midwife proved to be a key figure, where the relationship and support the midwife could offer had a decisive role in how the woman's experience would be through pregnancy and childbirth. The conclusion shows that it is important that the midwife has adequate training to meet women who have been subjected to sexual violence. The midwife must dare to ask the question about violence and have an action plan for how to act on the answer. Not all women dare to reveal their past and then it is important that the midwife is sensitive to signs that the woman has been exposed. Many women feel safer when th

Bakgrund: Intimate partner violence (IPV) är ett folkhälsoproblem världen över. Kvinnor är överrepresenterade offer och våld mot kvinnor är en kränkning mot deras mänskliga rättigheter. Sjuksköterskor har en central roll i att upptäcka våldsutsatthet och de har en skyldighet att aktivt möta och vårda dessa kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av mötet med kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relation Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv kvalitativ ansats. Analys genom Graneheim och Lundmans metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys från 2004. Resultat: Resultatet genererade två kategorier: Kompetens och förhållningssätt samt Vikten av en stödjande organisation med totalt sex subkategorier. Dessa påvisade sjuksköterskors kunskap, praktiska erfarenheter samt attityder och pliktkänslor. Subkategorierna tar även upp organisationens ansvar och påverkan på sjuksköterskors möte med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Slutsats: Ökad kunskap och tydliga riktlinjer är avgörande för att kunna arbeta mot IPV. Sjuksköterskors kompetens och tillgång till resurser spelar stor roll för att kunna erbjuda adekvat vård och tillräckligt stöd för våldsutsatta kvinnor, vilket bidrar till minskat lidande och ökad värdighet hos båda parter. Fortsatt forskning: Fortsatt forskning behövs med fokus på förövaren och grunden till våldsutövandet., Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue where women are a particularly vulnerable group, and it violates their human rights. Nurses play a central role in identifying IPV, and according to the law, they are obligated to actively encounter and care for these women. Aim: The aim was to illustrate nurses’ experiences of encountering women who have been subjected to intimate partner violence. Method: General literature review with and inductive qualitative approach. Analysis was conducted using Graneheim and Lundman’s method for qualitative content analysis from 2004. Results: Two categories: Competence and approach and The importance of a supportive organization, with six subcategories. These demonstrated nurses’ knowledge and practical experiences as well as attitudes and sense of duty. They address the organization’s responsibility and its impact on nurse’s encounters with women experiencing violence. Conclusions: Increased knowledge and clear guidelines are crucial for addressing IPV. Nurses’ competence and access to resources play a significant role in providing adequate care and sufficient support for women experiencing violence, to reduce suffering and increase dignity for both parties. Continued research: Continued research is needed with a focus on the perpetrator and the root causes of violence.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer beräknas vara den vanligaste formen av cancersjukdomar bland kvinnor. Majoriteten av kvinnor som insjuknar i bröstcancer diagnostiseras vid ett tidigt stadium vilket ökar chansen för överlevnad. Men eftersom bröstcancer inte alltid är lika framträdande ställs krav på noggrannhet vid diagnosticering. Att bli diagnostiserad med bröstcancer medför ett fysiskt, psykiskt, emotionellt och existentiellt lidande, och sjuksköterskan har därför en betydande funktion i att stödja patienten under vårdprocessen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kvinnors erfarenheter av att insjukna i bröstcancer. Metod: Denna studie har genomförts som en kvalitativ studie baserad på bloggar. Åtta bloggar valdes ut och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra teman: En inre kamp att insjukna i diagnosen, Kroppsliga förändringar påverkar vardagen, Stöd från sjukvårdspersonal och anhöriga, och Olika aspekter av bemötandet inom vården. Insjuknandet i bröstcancer beskrevs som en påfrestande händelse i livet och stöd från vårdpersonalen och anhöriga, samt samtal var av betydelse. Konklusion: Att insjukna i bröstcancer är en påfrestande händelse i livet som påverkar hela kvinnan. Genom stöd som präglas av kontinuitet, tillgänglighet och information, kan sjuksköterskor bidra till att minska lidande och främja kvinnors hälsa, välbefinnande och trygghet vid insjuknandet av bröstcancer., Background: Breast cancer is estimated to be the most common form of cancer among women. The majority of women who develop breast cancer are diagnosed at an early stage, which increases the chance of survival. But because breast cancer is not always as prominent, accuracy is required when diagnosing. Being diagnosed with breast cancer entails physical, psychological, emotional and existential suffering, and the nurse therefore has a significant function in supporting the patient during the care process. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate women's experiences of getting sick with breast cancer. Method: This study has been conducted as a qualitative literature study based on blogs. Eight blogs were selected and analyzed through qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. Findings: The analysis resulted in four themes: An inner struggle to get sick with the diagnosis, Bodily changes affect everyday life, Support from healthcare and relatives, and Different aspects of treatment in care. Being diagnosed with breast cancer was described as a wearing incident in life and support from healthcare staff and relatives and also conversations were important. Conclusion: Getting breast cancer is a stressful event in life that affects the whole woman. Through support that is characterized by continuity, accessibility, and information, nurses can contribute to reducing suffering and promoting women's health, well-being and security when diagnosed with breast cancer.

Bakgrund: Hysterektomi är en vanlig gynekologisk operation där livmodern avlägsnas till följd av olika gynekologiska besvär. Var tionde kvinna genomgår operationen i Sverige. Vid hysterektomi påverkas kvinnan både fysiskt och psykologiskt och sjuksköterskan bör ge god vård med ett helhetsperspektiv på människan. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa kvinnors psykologiska upplevelse av hysterektomi. Metod: Studien var en allmän litteraturstudie med en induktiv ansats. Totalt nio refereegranskade artiklar bearbetades från databaserna PsycInfo, CINAHL och PubMed, varav fyra var kvalitativa och fem kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Studiens resultat delades in i fem huvudkategorier utifrån studiens syfte: Depression och ångest, Förändrad fertilitet och självbild, Relationer, Behov av stöd och Lättnad. Konklusion: Flera av kvinnorna mådde psykiskt dåligt efter borttagning av livmodern samtidigt som somliga kvinnor mådde betydligt bättre, upplevelserna varierade bland kvinnorna. Kunskapen bidrar till att både blivande sjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskor förstår hur en kvinna kan påverkas psykologiskt efter en hysterektomi och betydelsen av en helhetssyn i vården av kvinnan. Det behövs en ökad kunskap om hur kvinnor mår psykologiskt efter en hysterektomi., Background: Hysterectomy is a common gynecological procedure involving the removal of the uterus due to various gynecological issues. Every tenth woman undergoes the surgery in Sweden. Psychological health is influenced by risk factors and affect women’s daily lives and the nurse should provide good care with a holistic perspective on the individual. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate women’s psychological experiences of hysterectomy. Method: The study was a general literature review with an inductive approach. A total of nine peer-reviewed articles were processed from the databases PsycInfo, CINAHL and PubMed, including four qualitative and five quantitative articles. Result: The study’s findings were categorized into five main categories based on the study’s purpose: Depression and Anxiety, Altered Fertility and Self-Image, Relationships, Need for support and Relief. Conclusion: Several of the women felt mentally unwell after the removal of the uterus, while some women felt significantly better; experiences varied among the women. This knowledge helps both future nurses and current nurses understand how a woman can be psychologically affected after a hysterectomy and the importance of a holistic approach in women's care. There is a need for increased understanding of women's psychological well-being after a hysterectomy.

The objective of this article is to study a group of Mexican films that accuse a narrative formula based in artistic works of female nudes: La fuerza del deseo (Miguel M. Delgado, 1955), El seductor (Chano Urueta, 1955), La ilegítima (Chano Urueta, 1956) and La Diana cazadora (Tito Davison, 1957). They took advantage of the lightening of the censorship codes and represented the female body as profane fetish and as an instrument of attraction of the public. We will make a narrative and staging analysis of those films, focusing in the specific sequences where their characters participate in the making of paintings or sculptures. We will put them in confront with their references in other cinematographies and with their aesthetic-narrative implications in the industrialist focus, highlighting the publicity proposals used for their installation in the national and international market., El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar un ciclo de films mexicanos que acusan una fórmula narrativa basada en la confección de cuadros de desnudos femeninos: La fuerza del deseo (Miguel M. Delgado, 1955), El seductor (Chano Urueta, 1955), La ilegítima (Chano Urueta, 1956) y La Diana cazadora (Tito Davison, 1957). Estos aprovecharon el aligeramiento de los códigos de la censura, y representaron al cuerpo femenino como fetiche profano e instrumento de atracción del público. Realizaremos un análisis narrativo y de la puesta en escena de dichos films, focalizando en las secuencias específicas en las que sus personajes participan de la confección de los cuadros. Los pondremos en confrontación con sus referencias en otras cinematografías y con sus implicancias estético-narrativas en el enfoque industrialista, destacando las propuestas publicitarias que emplearon para su instalación en el mercado nacional e internacional.

A digital collage depicting the mathematics of interpersonal relationships.

Uppsatsen bygger på intervjuer med unga akademiska kvinnor vars inställning är att inte ha barn. Totalt genomfördes sju intervjuer som har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka unga akademiska kvinnors resonemang kring att de inte vill ha barn med frågeställningarna: Vilka möjligheter och hinder ser kvinnorna med att skaffa barn? Samt: Hur ser kvinnorna på ett liv som förälder?Kvinnornas berättelser har blivit analyserade utifrån ett sociologiskt perspektiv gällande hur samhällets utformning och dess normer, möjlighet till självförverkligande och karriär har för samband med den trend med minskande barnafödslar som vi kan se idag. Resultatet visar att kvinnornas huvudsakliga orsaker till ett barnfritt liv berodde på att moderskapet sågs som krävande, där den tid som ett barn hade tagit skulle hellre skulle läggas på en själv. Karriär hade också ett tydligt samband för det barnfria livet, eftersom ansvarsfördelningen av barnet skiljer sig åt mellan könen där kvinnan tar det större ansvaret, vilket medförde att kvinnorna ville vara barnfria för att möjliggöra en karriär. Frihet och självförverkligande var ytterligare aspekter för att ha ett barnfritt liv. Frihet för kvinnorna kunde handla om spontanitet, resor, sova hur de vill, äta hur de vill och att inte behöva ta hänsyntill någon annan än sig själv. Vidare urskildes hur individualiseringsprocesser påverkade kvinnorna i deras val, eftersom den tidsmässiga aspekten var central som anledning till att inte skaffa barn. Vissa kvinnor uttryckte att om de bott i en drömvärld, där andra vuxna tog ett kollektivt ansvar, hade deras inställning varit annorlunda. Risker i det moderna samhället visade sig vara ett hinder för att skaffa barn, där kvinnorna uttryckte en oro inför framtiden. Krig i världen, miljö och politik blev således aspekter som påverkat deras livsval.

The purpose of this study is to investigate adult women's experiences of sexual abuse by a close adult relative in their childhood. We have chosen to study two autobiographies written by women who themselves grew up in an environment where they were subjected to sexual abuse. The objective has been to analyze how these adult women remember their experience of circumstances perceived as positive and negative in their surrounding environment as children. Our empirical data will be analyzed using theories of risk and protective factors. The risk factors that will be analyzed include individual, family-based and community-level factors. The protective factors include individual characteristics, family patterns, close relationships and the significance of the community. The results show that the most prominent risk factors in the narratives are family-based, acting out behavior at school, self-blame and fear. The protective factors we could identify were significant relatives, awareness and empowering thoughts as well as school and friends. Overall the results indicate that the protective factors identified in the adult women´s narrative from their childhood have had a significant impact on the outcome of the risk factors to which the women were exposed to as children.

The construction industry has long been and still is a male-dominated sector. Today, the construction industry faces challenges in meeting its recruitment needs, while female workers have been historically excluded from the industry. Outdated norms within both internal organizational structures and external societal perceptions create obstacles to the recruitment of women. This study has explored how companies in the construction industry are working to recruit more women into the sector and how they are addressing workplace culture. It is not just about hiring a woman; for a woman to thrive in the male-dominated industry, companies must work with the company's values. This study includes individual respondents in various HR roles who can provide insights into how different companies in the construction industry approach recruitment and value-driven work from a gender perspective. The results indicate changes in the industry's culture in the recent years has been important, but it is still crucial to work with values to make employers attractive from a female perspective. Furthermore, there are difficulties in recruiting women with the right professional competence, making it important to proactively engage more women in the industry., Byggbranschen har länge varit en mansdominerad bransch. Byggbranschen har idag svårt att möta sina rekryteringsbehov samtidigt som den kvinnliga arbetaren har exkluderats från branschen historiskt. Förlegade normer om branschen både internt i organisationerna och externt i samhället försvårar rekryteringen av kvinnor. Denna studie har undersökt hur företag inom byggbranschen arbetar för att rekrytera fler kvinnor till branschen samt hur de arbetar med kulturen på arbetsplatserna. Det handlar inte endast om att anställa en kvinna, utan även att företagen måste jobba med sina värderingar för att kvinnan ska trivas i den mansdominerade branschen. I studien består respondenterna av personer i olika HR-roller som kan ge svar på hur olika företag inom byggbranschen arbetar med rekrytering och värdestyrt arbete ur ett genusperspektiv. Resultatet visar på att upplevelsen av förändringen av kulturen i branschen de senaste åren har varit betydelsefull men att det fortfarande är viktigt att arbeta värdestyrt för att göra arbetsgivarna attraktiva ur ett kvinnligt perspektiv. Vidare finns det svårigheter att rekrytera kvinnor med rätt yrkeskompetens vilket gör det viktigt att arbeta proaktivt för att få fler kvinnor intresserade av branschen.

The objective is to interpret the factors associated with the violent behavior of women against women within the home, specifically in the state of Zulia, in 2022. We resort to qualitative research, especially the method of life stories, to know the perspectives of the perpetrators and victims around this issue. The results showed that various factors promote this violence. Among them, the following stand out: the family and the complex humanitarian crisis that the country is going through. Among the conclusions, it stands out that violence implies the asymmetric use of power and domination, that it is an intergenerational problem, that the perpetrators were victims before, and that the social "spaces" that should provide protection and love, in this case, have been turned in risk elements that promoted intragender aggression in the home of the women who participated in this research., La finalidad es interpretar los factores asociados a los comportamientos violentos de mujeres contra mujeres dentro del hogar, específicamente en el estado Zulia, en 2022. Recurrimos a la investigación cualitativa, especialmente, al método de relatos de vida para conocer las perspectivas de las victimarias y víctimas, en torno a este tema. Los resultados arrojaron que existen diversos factores que promueven esta violencia. Entre ellos destacan: la familia y la crisis humanitaria compleja que atraviesa el país. En las conclusiones resalta que la violencia implica el uso asimétrico del poder y la dominación, que es un problema intergeneracional, que las victimarias, antes fueron víctimas y que los espacios sociales que deben brindar protección y amor, en este caso, se convirtieron en elementos de riesgos que promovieron las agresiones intragéneros en el hogar de las mujeres que participaron en esta investigación

Hatred is distinguished from democratic opinion by its harmful intent. The dissemination of hate speech through social media is characterized by its virulence ( Zamora-Medina et al., 2021), especially when directed towards the political class, and particularly towards women who are questioned differently than their male counterparts (Soriano, 2019). This violence triggers an anti-feminist reaction (Wilhelm & Joeckel, 2018) characterized by extreme misogyny, reactivity, and a tendency towards personal attacks. Thus, the aggression exerted by haters against this vulnerable group is contaminating the public sphere and negatively impacting the quality of democracies. Based on this reality, the present research seeks, through a content analysis, to identify and analyze expressions of hatred directed towards the five women candidates for the presidency of the Community of Madrid (Isabel Díaz of the Popular Party, Mónica García of Más Madrid, Rocío Monasterio of Vox, Alejandra Jacinto of Podemos, IU and Alianza Verde, and Aruca Gómez of Ciudadanos) in the comments made on their official Instagram accounts during the May 2023 election campaign. Additionally, it aims to examine hate discourses that may be related to both a female gender bias and other vulnerable groups through issues such as aporophobia or xenophobia, among others. The results reveal the fact that politics channels hatred towards female politicians with great intensity., O discurso de ódio distingue-se da opinião democrática pela sua intenção prejudicial. A disseminação do discurso de ódio através das redes sociais caracteriza-se pela sua virulência (Zamora-Medina et al., 2021), especialmente quando é dirigido à classe política e, em particular, às mulheres que são questionadas numa chave diferente da dos seus homólogos masculinos (Soriano, 2019). Esta violência desencadeia um backlash antifeminista ( Wilhelm & Joeckel, 2018) caracterizado por extrema misoginia, reatividade e tendência para ataques pessoais. Desta forma, a agressividade exercida pelos haters contra este grupo considerado vulnerável está a contaminar a esfera pública e a afetar negativamente a qualidade das democracias. Com base nesta realidade, esta investigação tentará, através de uma análise de conteúdo, identificar e analisar as expressões de ódio dirigidas às cinco mulheres candidatas à presidência da Comunidade de Madrid (Isabel Díaz do Partido Popular, Mónica García de Más Madrid, Rocío Monasterio de Vox, Alejandra Jacinto de Podemos, IU e Alianza Verde, e Aruca Gómez de Ciudadanos) nos comentários feitos nas suas contas oficiais do Instagram durante a campanha eleitoral de maio de 2023. Além disso, pretende-se examinar o discurso de ódio que pode estar relacionado tanto com um preconceito de género feminino como com outros grupos vulneráveis através de temas como a aporofobia ou a xenofobia, entre outros. Os resultados revelam o facto de a política desviar o ódio para as mulheres políticas com grande intensidade., El odio se distingue de la opinión democrática por su intención dañina. La difusión del hate speech (Paz-Rebollo et al., 2020) a través de las redes sociales se caracteriza por su virulencia (Zamora-Medina et al., 2021; Moreno & Morales, 2022), especialmente cuando se dirige hacia la clase política y, en particular, hacia las mujeres que son cuestionadas en clave diferente a sus homólogos masculinos (Soriano, 2019). Esta violencia desencadena una reacción antifeminista (Wilhelm & Joeckel, 2018) caracterizada por su misoginia extrema, reactividad y tendencia a los ataques personales (Bonet-Martín, 2020). De este modo, la agresividad ejercida por los haters contra este colectivo considerado vulnerable está contaminando la esfera pública y afectando negativamente la calidad de las democracias. Partiendo de esta realidad, la presente investigación tratará de identificar y analizar las expresiones de odio dirigidas hacia las cinco mujeres candidatas a la presidencia de la Comunidad de Madrid (Isabel Díaz del Partido Popular, Mónica García de Más Madrid, Rocío Monasterio de Vox, Alejandra Jacinto de Podemos, IU y Alianza Verde, y Aruca Gómez de Ciudadanos) en los comentarios realizados en sus cuentas oficiales de Instagram durante la campaña electoral de mayo de 2023. Además, pretende examinar los discursos de odio que pueden estar relacionados tanto con un sesgo de género femenino como con otros colectivos vulnerables a través de temas como la aporofobia o la xenofobia, entre otros. Los resultados revelan el hecho de que la política desvía el odio hacia las mujeres políticas con gran intensidad (Lacalle et al., 2023).

The woman has been subjected to the figure of the man, and has not had relevance in public life, except in the case of belonging to the nobility or being a nun. In the field of charity, she has always had a unique role, and in education, especially in the domestic environment. Little by little, first through the nuns, then the participation of women in girls' schools, and finally in training as teachers, already in the last two centuries, women have been incorporated into the public sphere, being education one of the first environments in which he has been allowed to work., La mujer ha estado sometida a la figura del varón, y no ha tenido relevancia en la vida pública, salvo en el caso de pertenecer a la nobleza o ser monja. En el campo de la beneficencia ha tenido siempre un singular papel, y en la educación, sobre todo en el ambiente doméstico. Poco a poco, primero a través de las monjas, luego de la participación de la mujer en escuelas de niñas, y por último en la preparación como maestras, ya en los últimos dos siglos, la mujer se ha ido incorporando al ámbito público, siendo la educación uno de los primeros ambientes en los que se le ha permitido trabajar.

The article attempts a sociological analysis of the social phenomenon of women changing their surnames after marriage in Poland, based on data from 234 Civil Registry Offices in the Subcarpathian and Greater Poland voivodeships. The collected information covers the years 2000–2020 and illustrates over 343,000 choices made by women. The research aimed to determine the relationship between the type of surname decision and the locality where the marriage was concluded (population of the municipality; voivodeship), as well as the influence of women’s increased professional and social activity in recent decades on the variation in these decisions. Statistical analysis of the official data allows the conclusion that despite the persistently high tendency to adopt the husband’s surname, an emerging process can be observed, consisting of an approval of women choosing double-barreled surnames or keeping their maiden name. This study constitutes the first stage of ongoing and planned research on the negotiation and decision-making by women and men regarding the surname used after marriage and divorce., Artykuł stanowi próbę socjologicznej analizy społecznego fenomenu podejmowania decyzji o zmianie nazwiska noszonego po ślubie przez kobiety w Polsce na podstawie danych z 234 urzędów stanu cywilnego z województw podkarpackiego i wielkopolskiego. Zebrane informacje dotyczą lat 2000–2020 i obrazują ponad 343 000 wyborów kobiet. Zrealizowane badania miały na celu ustalenie zależności rodzaju decyzji o nazwisku po ślubie od miejscowości, w jakiej małżeństwo zostało zawarte (liczba mieszkańców gminy, województwo), oraz wpływu wzrostu aktywności zawodowej i społecznej kobiet w ostatnich dekadach na różnicowanie się tych decyzji. Analiza statystyczna danych urzędowych pozwala na wniosek, że mimo wciąż wysoko utrzymującej się tendencji do przyjmowania nazwiska męża, można zaobserwować rozpoczynający się proces polegający na aprobacie przyjmowania przez kobiety nazwisk dwuczłonowych lub pozostawania przy rodowym. Prezentowane opracowanie stanowi pierwszy etap realizowanych i zaplanowanych badań nad negocjowaniem i podejmowaniem przez kobiety i mężczyzn decyzji o nazwisku noszonym po ślubie i rozwodzie.

This article aimed to identify and understand how women represent motherhood. To this end, 15 interviews were carried out via telephone with women between 31 and 40 years old, who have at least one child and are in the job market, using a semi-structured script created by the researchers. Using the data collected, a qualitative analysis was carried out structured into two categories, namely: the participants' feelings regarding motherhood and the perception of motherhood in the midst of other roles, such as wife and professional. From the articulation between the interview reports and the scientific literature used, it was possible to verify that women identify motherhood as a great responsibility, which often makes them give up other equally important roles such as wife, professional, or themselves as a person. On the other hand, it was also possible to ascertain that some women, in addition to representing motherhood as a responsibility, also enthrone it as an achievement, expressing a feeling of positive changes in their lives. From the study, it was possible to ratify how much motherhood is valued by women with children, making it necessary to carry out more studies that relate the mental health of mothers, with the overload and the feeling of guilt mentioned by them., Este artigo teve por objetivo identificar e compreender como as mulheres representam a maternidade. Para isso, foram realizadas, através de ligação telefônica, 15 entrevistas com mulheres entre 31 e 40 anos, que têm pelo menos um filho e inseridas no mercado de trabalho, utilizando para isto, um roteiro semiestruturado criado pelos pesquisadores. Através dos dados coletados, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa estruturada em duas categorias, a saber: o sentimento das participantes em relação à maternidade e a percepção da maternidade em meio à outras funções, como esposa e profissional. A partir da articulação entre os relatos das entrevistas com a literatura científica utilizada, foi possível verificar que as mulheres identificam a maternidade como uma grande responsabilidade, que muitas vezes, as fazem abdicar de outras funções também importantes como esposa, profissional, ou a si mesmas enquanto pessoa. Por outro lado, também foi possível averiguar que algumas mulheres, além de representarem a maternidade como uma responsabilidade, também a entronizam como realização, expressando um sentimento de mudanças positivas em suas vidas. A partir do estudo foi possível ratificar o quanto a maternidade é valorizada pelas mulheres com filho, sendo necessário realizar mais estudos que relacionem a saúde mental de mães, com a sobrecarga e o sentimento de culpa citado por elas., Este artículo tuvo como objetivo identificar y comprender cómo las mujeres representan la maternidad. Para ello, se realizaron 15 entrevistas telefónicas a mujeres entre 31 y 40 años, que tienen al menos un hijo y se encuentran en el mercado laboral, utilizando un guion semiestructurado elaborado por los investigadores. A partir de los datos recolectados, se realizó un análisis cualitativo estructurado en dos categorías, a saber: los sentimientos de las participantes frente a la maternidad y la percepción de la maternidad en medio de otros roles, como esposa y profesional. A partir de la articulación entre los relatos de las entrevistas y la literatura científica utilizada, se pudo verificar que las mujeres identifican la maternidad como una gran responsabilidad, lo que muchas veces las lleva a renunciar a otros roles igualmente importantes como el de esposa, profesional o de sí mismas como persona. Por otro lado, también se pudo constatar que algunas mujeres, además de representar la maternidad como una responsabilidad, también la entronizan como un logro, expresando un sentimiento de cambios positivos en sus vidas. A partir del estudio se pudo constatar cuánto valoran la maternidad las mujeres con hijos, siendo necesario realizar más estudios que relacionen la salud mental de las madres, con la sobrecarga y el sentimiento de culpa mencionados por ellas.

[ES] El presente trabajo final de grado está inspirado en el libro sobre psicoanálisis Mujeres que corren con los lobos , de la doctora en psicología clínica estadounidense, poeta y contadora de antiguos relatos, Clarissa Pinkola Estés (1945). En esta publicación, la escritora compone un fascinante mosaico de historias sobre la psicología analítica de Jung, ofreciendo una nueva visión de lo femenino y de sus posibilidades. La producción artística reúne una serie de ilustraciones centradas en la interpretación de los cuentos y la psicología junguiana de esta obra literaria, con referencia a los elementos simbólicos que la caracterizan, desarrolladas a través del ámbito de la expresión digital. El tema remite a la figura de la mujer y su arquetipo, representa su esencia instintiva, ahonda en las profundidades de la psique femenina. Se trata de un estudio académico que nos acerca a este campo psicológico y simbolista de imágenes, de la reconstrucción discursiva de este modelo de mujer, de sus raíces, de su entorno y de su fuerza. De ilustraciones elaboradas digitalmente para después estamparlas principalmente mediante el procedimiento de la serigrafía, en combinación con otras técnicas de pintura. El proyecto consta de una serie de 10 ilustraciones enmarcadas de serigrafía, cada una sobre un relato de los que se encuentran en el libro., [EN] This final thesis is inspired by the book on psychoanalysis "Women who run with the wolves" by the American doctor of clinical psychology, poet and "teller" of old stories, Clarissa Pinkola Estés (1945). In this publication, the writer composes a fascinating mosaic of stories about Jungian analytical psychology, offering a new vision of the feminine and its possibilities. The artistic production brings together a series of illustrations focusing on the interpretation of the stories and the Jungian psychology of this literary work, with reference to the symbolic elements that characterise it, developed through the medium of digital expression. The theme refers to the figure of the woman and her archetype, represents her instinctive essence, delves into the depths of the female psyche. It is an academic study that brings us closer to this psychological and symbolist field of images, to the discursive reconstruction of this model of woman, her roots, her environment and her strength. The illustrations are digitally elaborated and then printed mainly using the silk-screen printing process, in combination with other painting techniques. The project consists of a series of 10 framed silkscreen illustrations, each one based on a story found in the book.

[ES] El presente trabajo final de grado está inspirado en el libro sobre psicoanálisis Mujeres que corren con los lobos , de la doctora en psicología clínica estadounidense, poeta y contadora de antiguos relatos, Clarissa Pinkola Estés (1945). En esta publicación, la escritora compone un fascinante mosaico de historias sobre la psicología analítica de Jung, ofreciendo una nueva visión de lo femenino y de sus posibilidades. La producción artística reúne una serie de ilustraciones centradas en la interpretación de los cuentos y la psicología junguiana de esta obra literaria, con referencia a los elementos simbólicos que la caracterizan, desarrolladas a través del ámbito de la expresión digital. El tema remite a la figura de la mujer y su arquetipo, representa su esencia instintiva, ahonda en las profundidades de la psique femenina. Se trata de un estudio académico que nos acerca a este campo psicológico y simbolista de imágenes, de la reconstrucción discursiva de este modelo de mujer, de sus raíces, de su entorno y de su fuerza. De ilustraciones elaboradas digitalmente para después estamparlas principalmente mediante el procedimiento de la serigrafía, en combinación con otras técnicas de pintura. El proyecto consta de una serie de 10 ilustraciones enmarcadas de serigrafía, cada una sobre un relato de los que se encuentran en el libro., [EN] This final thesis is inspired by the book on psychoanalysis "Women who run with the wolves" by the American doctor of clinical psychology, poet and "teller" of old stories, Clarissa Pinkola Estés (1945). In this publication, the writer composes a fascinating mosaic of stories about Jungian analytical psychology, offering a new vision of the feminine and its possibilities. The artistic production brings together a series of illustrations focusing on the interpretation of the stories and the Jungian psychology of this literary work, with reference to the symbolic elements that characterise it, developed through the medium of digital expression. The theme refers to the figure of the woman and her archetype, represents her instinctive essence, delves into the depths of the female psyche. It is an academic study that brings us closer to this psychological and symbolist field of images, to the discursive reconstruction of this model of woman, her roots, her environment and her strength. The illustrations are digitally elaborated and then printed mainly using the silk-screen printing process, in combination with other painting techniques. The project consists of a series of 10 framed silkscreen illustrations, each one based on a story found in the book.

Fifty years ago a famous poet Mustafa Zaidi receives his lover and muse Shahnaz Gul in his apartment in Karachi. The next day he is found dead; she is unconscious. Gul is charged with murder and her trial becomes a main distraction from an impending war. Tooba Masood and Saba Imtiaz tried to piece together a social history of seventies Pakistan in what is now the country's first true crime podcast.

Zaha Hadid’s architectural journey emerges from her early exposure to diverse cultures and her natural curiosity sparked at a young age. Born into a family of influence in Baghdad, Iraq, Hadid’s upbringing, characterized by travels and exposure to significant buildings, laid the foundation for her prestigious career. Despite facing gender biases in the architectural profession, Hadid’s determination motivated her to pursue her passion at the Architectural Association in London, where she improved her visionary skills under the mentorship of renowned architects. Transitioning from a “paper architect” to a builder of architectural wonders, Hadid’s growth period witnessed the realization of her avant-garde designs, overcoming skepticism and challenges. Her distinctive style, marked by fluid forms and unconventional angles, earned international acclaim, resulting in her historic recognition as the first woman to receive the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2004. Embracing Parametricism as a new architectural paradigm, Hadid’s late period demonstrated her adaptability and innovation. From the MAXXI museum in Rome to the London Aquatics Centre, her projects pushed the boundaries of architectural geometry, leaving a lasting mark on the built environment. Despite facing criticism and challenges, Hadid’s consistent commitment to progress and creativity elevated her to the prominent position within the architectural community. Tragically, her early passing in 2016 marked the end of an era, yet her legacy endures through the Zaha Hadid Architects firm, which continues to realize her transformative vision. Currently, her impact is felt worldwide, motivating upcoming generations of architects to question norms and explore new possibilities., AR2A011, Architectural History Thesis, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

Com a modificação dos papéis sociais da mulher, a maternidade passou a ser uma opção e não mais algo obrigatório ou um sonho para todas as mulheres, e é crescente a busca por métodos contraceptivos eficazes capazes de evitar gestações indesejadas, como esterilizações cirúrgicas voluntárias (ECV). Este estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo e transversal, objetivou conhecer as experiências, motivações e trajetórias de mulheres solteiras que optam pela não-maternidade através da realização da esterilização cirúrgica voluntária no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Participaram da pesquisa cinco mulheres com idade média de 27,8 anos que estão com o planejamento familiar em andamento ou já realizaram a ECV. As participantes responderam a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e de saúde e uma entrevista semiestruturada, compreendidas por meio da análise temática. Os resultados apontaram quatro temáticas: Percepções acerca do “ser mãe” e do “ser pai”; A vida hoje; A não maternidade enquanto possibilidade de ser; e A esterilização cirúrgica: liberdade versus entraves. Percebe-se que a escolha pela não-maternidade é multicausal e complexa, assim como a opção pela ECV, envolvendo aspectos da história de vida de cada mulher. Além disso, diversos são os entraves no âmbito do SUS às mulheres que buscam pelo método, mostrando-se necessária a qualificação dos profissionais nesses atendimentos e conhecimento acerca da legislação do planejamento familiar., With the modification in women's social roles, motherhood has become an option and no longer something mandatory or a dream for all women, and there is a growing search for effective contraceptive methods capable of avoiding unwanted pregnancies, such as voluntary surgical sterilization (VSS). This qualitative, exploratory-descriptive, and cross-sectional study aimed to understand the experiences, motivations, and trajectories of single women who opt for non-maternity through voluntary surgical sterilization in the Unified Health System (SUS). Five women with an average age of 27.8 years who are currently undergoing family planning or have already undergone VSS participated in the research. The participants responded to a socio-demographic and health data questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, understood through thematic analysis. The results highlighted four themes: Perceptions about “being a mother” and “being a father”; Life today; Non-motherhood as a possibility of being; and Surgical sterilization: freedom versus obstacles. It is clear that the choice for non-maternity is multicausal and complex, as is the option for VSS, involving aspects of each woman’s life story. Furthermore are several obstacles within the scope of the SUS for women who seek the method, proving necessary for the qualification of professionals in these services and knowledge about family planning legislation., Con el cambio de roles sociales de las mujeres, la maternidad se ha convertido en una opción y ya no en algo obligatorio o un sueño para todas las mujeres, y existe una creciente búsqueda de métodos anticonceptivos eficaces capaces de evitar embarazos no deseados, como la esterilización quirúrgica voluntaria (EQV). Este estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo y transversal tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias, motivaciones y trayectorias de mujeres solteras que optan por la no maternidad a través de la esterilización quirúrgica voluntaria en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). En la investigación participaron cinco mujeres con una edad promedio de 27,8 años que actualmente se encuentran en planificación familiar o ya se han sometido a EQV. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y de salud y a una entrevista semiestructurada, entendida a través del análisis temático. Los resultados resaltaron cuatro temas: Percepciones sobre “ser madre” y “ser padre”; La vida de hoy; La no maternidad como posibilidad de ser; y Esterilización quirúrgica: libertad versus obstáculos. Es claro que la elección por la no maternidad es multicausal y compleja, como lo es la opción por la EQV, involucrando aspectos de la historia de vida de cada mujer. Además, existen varios obstáculos en el ámbito del SUS para las mujeres que buscan el método, resultando necesario para la calificación de los profesionales en estos servicios. y conocimiento sobre la legislación en materia de planificación familiar.

Com a modificação dos papéis sociais da mulher, a maternidade passou a ser uma opção e não mais algo obrigatório ou um sonho para todas as mulheres, e é crescente a busca por métodos contraceptivos eficazes capazes de evitar gestações indesejadas, como esterilizações cirúrgicas voluntárias (ECV). Este estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo e transversal, objetivou conhecer as experiências, motivações e trajetórias de mulheres solteiras que optam pela não-maternidade através da realização da esterilização cirúrgica voluntária no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Participaram da pesquisa cinco mulheres com idade média de 27,8 anos que estão com o planejamento familiar em andamento ou já realizaram a ECV. As participantes responderam a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e de saúde e uma entrevista semiestruturada, compreendidas por meio da análise temática. Os resultados apontaram quatro temáticas: Percepções acerca do “ser mãe” e do “ser pai”; A vida hoje; A não maternidade enquanto possibilidade de ser; e A esterilização cirúrgica: liberdade versus entraves. Percebe-se que a escolha pela não-maternidade é multicausal e complexa, assim como a opção pela ECV, envolvendo aspectos da história de vida de cada mulher. Além disso, diversos são os entraves no âmbito do SUS às mulheres que buscam pelo método, mostrando-se necessária a qualificação dos profissionais nesses atendimentos e conhecimento acerca da legislação do planejamento familiar., With the modification in women's social roles, motherhood has become an option and no longer something mandatory or a dream for all women, and there is a growing search for effective contraceptive methods capable of avoiding unwanted pregnancies, such as voluntary surgical sterilization (VSS). This qualitative, exploratory-descriptive, and cross-sectional study aimed to understand the experiences, motivations, and trajectories of single women who opt for non-maternity through voluntary surgical sterilization in the Unified Health System (SUS). Five women with an average age of 27.8 years who are currently undergoing family planning or have already undergone VSS participated in the research. The participants responded to a socio-demographic and health data questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, understood through thematic analysis. The results highlighted four themes: Perceptions about “being a mother” and “being a father”; Life today; Non-motherhood as a possibility of being; and Surgical sterilization: freedom versus obstacles. It is clear that the choice for non-maternity is multicausal and complex, as is the option for VSS, involving aspects of each woman’s life story. Furthermore are several obstacles within the scope of the SUS for women who seek the method, proving necessary for the qualification of professionals in these services and knowledge about family planning legislation., Con el cambio de roles sociales de las mujeres, la maternidad se ha convertido en una opción y ya no en algo obligatorio o un sueño para todas las mujeres, y existe una creciente búsqueda de métodos anticonceptivos eficaces capaces de evitar embarazos no deseados, como la esterilización quirúrgica voluntaria (EQV). Este estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo y transversal tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias, motivaciones y trayectorias de mujeres solteras que optan por la no maternidad a través de la esterilización quirúrgica voluntaria en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). En la investigación participaron cinco mujeres con una edad promedio de 27,8 años que actualmente se encuentran en planificación familiar o ya se han sometido a EQV. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y de salud y a una entrevista semiestructurada, entendida a través del análisis temático. Los resultados resaltaron cuatro temas: Percepciones sobre “ser madre” y “ser padre”; La vida de hoy; La no maternidad como posibilidad de ser; y Esterilización quirúrgica: libertad versus obstáculos. Es claro que la elección por la no maternidad es multicausal y compleja, como lo es la opción por la EQV, involucrando aspectos de la historia de vida de cada mujer. Además, existen varios obstáculos en el ámbito del SUS para las mujeres que buscan el método, resultando necesario para la calificación de los profesionales en estos servicios. y conocimiento sobre la legislación en materia de planificación familiar.

La Guerra Civil española trajo consigo un cambio en la asignación de roles de género y en la actividad propagandística. El conflicto fue seguido muy de cerca por numerosos países, especialmente por Portu-gal atendiendo a sus propios intereses. La prensa lusa destinó grandes fondos para cubrir la contienda, pero su seguimiento fue sesgado a favor del bando nacional.En la presente investigación exponemos los estereotipos y modelos de mujer española presentes en el fotoperiodismo portugués durante la Guerra Civil española, los cuales hemos obtenido tras un riguroso análisis de contenido., The Spanish Civil War entailed an alteration in gender role assignment and propaganda activities. The conflict attracted the attention of numerous countries, especially that of Portugal because of its own interests. The Portuguese Press earmarked considerable funds to cover the warfare, but such coverage was biased in favour of the Nationalist faction.By means of a thorough content analysis, this paper discusses the stereotypes and models of Spanish women present in Portuguese photojournalism during the Spanish Civil War., Ministerio de Educación, Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la Comunicación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Información, TRUE, pub

The purpose of this document is the creation of a critical edition of Terza messa (1760) by the Viennese Classical composer Marianna Martines (1744–1812). This document expands on the current scholarship available on Martines, and provides a resource for conductors interested in performing Terza messa or her other masses. Martines’s life, her musical style, and the historical context and style of eighteenth-century Viennese concerted masses of the early Classical period are explored. A critical report with a discussion of the sources used for the edition, editorial methods, and critical notes is included. Excerpts of the edition are found in the appendix.

In the course of the mid to late 20th and 21st centuries the term "vibrator" has been synonymous with sexual gratification and the female sex drive. However, its original usage is more in line with a therapeutic medical treatment administered and recommended by medical professionals. In this article the history of the vibrator discusses the roots of medicines views on the female body and the ways in which their ailments were treated, with medicine not fully understanding the female sexual gratification of clitoral stimulation until the 1920s. These previous decades are colored by ancient understandings of the female sex and their bodily functions, ultimately culminating in the creation and implementation of the vibrator to relieve various feminine health issues, most prominently hysteria.

It is seldom that it is only the patient who is affected when someone is admitted to compulsory psychiatric inpatient care, the next of kin is usually also impacted. The aim was to describe the lived experiences of being a next of kin to a woman in need of compulsory psychiatric inpatient care. Ten next of kin were interviewed and the material was analyzed with a Reflective Lifeworld Research approach. The results show loneliness and feelings that their existence has collapsed. An emotional duality is described in the realization that the care is needed but they are devastated that the woman is there. A trust exists, but it changes when the next of kin are no longer a part of the care process., Kvinnor som tvångsvårdas inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård

This essay analyzes the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God written by Zora Neale Hurston, 1937. The main focus is how the protagonist Janie uses her voice to subvert patriarchal oppression. In this essay my hypothesis is that she has a voice all along. However, it evolves due to her ability to engage in activities that are subversive to patriarchy. Her journey throughout the novel is a journey where the oppression from her relationships only makes her grow stronger as a woman. During her journey towards self-revelation as an empowered woman, she gradually gains her freedom and her own authentic voice by asserting control over her body and thoughts. The main theoretical terms of this essay are used in direct link to the struggles and achievements of formulating the self in a male dominated society. What I aim to achieve with this essay is to show how Janie emerges as a subject with a voice of her own in Hurston’s novel.

It is seldom that it is only the patient who is affected when someone is admitted to compulsory psychiatric inpatient care, the next of kin is usually also impacted. The aim was to describe the lived experiences of being a next of kin to a woman in need of compulsory psychiatric inpatient care. Ten next of kin were interviewed and the material was analyzed with a Reflective Lifeworld Research approach. The results show loneliness and feelings that their existence has collapsed. An emotional duality is described in the realization that the care is needed but they are devastated that the woman is there. A trust exists, but it changes when the next of kin are no longer a part of the care process., Kvinnor som tvångsvårdas inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård

Denna studie handlar om kvinnors chefskap och motstånd som de upplevt i kvinno- och mansdominerade organisationer i Sverige. Undersökningen omfattar sammanlagt fem kvinnliga chefer. Där tre kommer från kvinnodominerade organisationer och där två kommer från mansdominerade organisationer. Studien visade på att alla kvinnliga chefer upplevt någon typ av motstånd samt att motståndet som alla respondenter upplevt på sina arbetsplatser såg lite olika ut beroende på vad de jobbade med. Kvinnors upplevelser av motstånd mot sitt chefskap tolkades utifrån teorin symbolisk interaktionism, genom teoretikerna George Herbert Mead och Erving Goffmans olika perspektiv samt genom Berit Ås och hennes fem klassiska härskartekniker. Det fanns dock mer skillnad mellan mans- och kvinnodominerade organisationerna än vad det fanns likheter. Eftersom det var fler kvinnor som var chefer i de kvinnodominerade organisationerna och det var färre kvinnor som var chefer i de mansdominerade organisationerna. Majoriteten av kvinnorna upplevde att det inte är könet som bestämmer vem man är som chef utan att det har att göra med hur man är i uppförandet som chef mot sina anställda. Chefsegenskaperna ansågs vara viktigare än könet., This study is about women's leadership and resistance that they experienced in female- and male-dominated organizations in Sweden. The survey covers a total of five female managers. Where three come from female-dominated organizations and where two come from male-dominated organizations. The study showed that all female managers experienced some type of resistance and that the resistance that all respondents experienced in their workplaces looked a little different depending on what they worked with. Women's experiences of resistance to their leadership were interpreted based on the theory of symbolic interactionism, through the different perspectives of theorists George Herbert Mead and Erving Goffman, and through Berit Ås and her five classic ruler techniques. There were more differences between the male- and female-dominated organizations than there were similarities. Because there were more women who were managers in the female-dominated organizations and there were fewer women who were managers in the male-dominated organizations. The majority of women thought that it is not gender that determines who you are as a manager, but that it has to do with how you behave as a manager towards your employees. Managerial qualities were considered more important than gender.

Bakgrund: Sexuellt våld mot kvinnor är ett omfattande samhällsproblem som leder till allvarliga konsekvenser. Samhällets attityder gentemot kvinnor skapar ett stigma som resulterar i att de är mer utsatta vilket speglar statistiken över fall av sexuellt våld. Många kvinnor är oroliga över hur de kommer bli bemötta när de söker vård. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hur kvinnor som blivit utsatta för sexuellt våld upplever bemötandet inom vården. Metod: Studiens design var en allmän litteraturstudie där tio originalartiklar hittades och användes till grund för resultatet. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i fem huvudkategorier: kvinnornas upplevelser av sjuksköterskornas attityder, upplevelser av brister i kommunikationen, upplevelser av försämrad tillit till vården, upplevelsen av att inte få adekvat vård och behov av utbildning och kunskap. Huvudfyndet i resultatet visade att det fanns brister i bemötandet då sjuksköterskornas fördomar och attityder påverkar bemötandet gentemot de sexuellt utsatta kvinnorna vilket resulterade i en bristfällig vård. Konklusion: Slutsatsen är att det behövs mer kunskap kring kvinnornas upplevelser av bemötandet samt mer komplex utbildning kring sjuksköterskans attityder och fördomar för att en förändring ska kunna ske. Detta för att sexuellt utsatta kvinnor ska få en bättre och mer heltäckande vård., Background: Sexual violence against women is a widespread social issue that leads to serious consequences. The societal attitudes towards women creates a stigma of them being more vulnerable, which in turn reflects on the statistics of sexual violence cases. Many women have concerns about how they will be treated when seeking care. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze how women who have been exposed to sexual violence experience the treatment in healthcare. Method: The design of the study was a general literature study where ten original articles were retrieved and used as the basis for the results. Results: Based on the ten scientific articles, five main categories were presented: the women’s experiences of the nurses’ attitudes, experiences of lack in communication, experiences of decreased trust in healthcare, the experience of not receiving adequate healthcare and need of education and knowledge. The main finding in the results showed that there are absent of proper treatment as the nurses’ prejudices and attitudes affect the nurse’s approach towards the sexually assaulted women and this results in poor healthcare. Conclusion: The conclusion is that more research is needed into the nurse’s attitudes and prejudices for a change to take place. In this way sexually assaulted women will receive better and more comprehensive care.

This essay analyzes the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God written by Zora Neale Hurston, 1937. The main focus is how the protagonist Janie uses her voice to subvert patriarchal oppression. In this essay my hypothesis is that she has a voice all along. However, it evolves due to her ability to engage in activities that are subversive to patriarchy. Her journey throughout the novel is a journey where the oppression from her relationships only makes her grow stronger as a woman. During her journey towards self-revelation as an empowered woman, she gradually gains her freedom and her own authentic voice by asserting control over her body and thoughts. The main theoretical terms of this essay are used in direct link to the struggles and achievements of formulating the self in a male dominated society. What I aim to achieve with this essay is to show how Janie emerges as a subject with a voice of her own in Hurston’s novel.