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1. Addressing the diversity of Xylodon raduloides complex through integrative taxonomy

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundación Endesa, Fundación San Ignacio del Huinay, Martín, María P. [0000-0002-1235-4418], Fernández-López, Javier, Telleria, M. T., Dueñas, Margarita, Wilson, Andrew W, Padamsee, Mahajabeen, Buchanan, Peter K, Mueller, Gregory M, Martín, María P., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundación Endesa, Fundación San Ignacio del Huinay, Martín, María P. [0000-0002-1235-4418], Fernández-López, Javier, Telleria, M. T., Dueñas, Margarita, Wilson, Andrew W, Padamsee, Mahajabeen, Buchanan, Peter K, Mueller, Gregory M, and Martín, María P.

Abstract

In this study, the taxonomic diversity of the Xylodon raduloides species complex (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is examined. Specimens were studied using an integrative taxonomic approach that includes molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, and environmental niche comparisons. Four different species were found inside the Xylodon raduloides complex, with a biogeographic distribution pattern bound by geographic regions: Europe, North America, Patagonia, and Australia–New Zealand. Molecular, morphological, and environmental evidences delimit two lineages within this complex: a Northern Hemisphere clade with longer basidiospores and wider ranges in temperature and precipitation tolerance, and a Southern Hemisphere clade with smaller and more spherical basidiospores, and an isothermal and more humid climate preference. The integrative taxonomic approach used in this study demonstrates congruence between data sets and shows how morphological and environmental characteristics contribute to the differentiation of fungal species complexes. By combining various sources of taxonomic information, three new species are described: Xylodon laurentianus, X. novozelandicus, and X. patagonicus.

Published
2019

2. Associations Between Lean Mass, Muscle Strength and Power, and Skeletal Size, Density and Strength in Older Men.

Author

Chalhoub, Didier, Chalhoub, Didier, Boudreau, Robert, Greenspan, Susan, Newman, Anne B, Zmuda, Joseph, Frank-Wilson, Andrew W, Nagaraj, Nayana, Hoffman, Andrew R, Lane, Nancy E, Stefanick, Marcia L, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Dam, Tien, Cawthon, Peggy M, Orwoll, Eric S, Cauley, Jane A, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group, Chalhoub, Didier, Chalhoub, Didier, Boudreau, Robert, Greenspan, Susan, Newman, Anne B, Zmuda, Joseph, Frank-Wilson, Andrew W, Nagaraj, Nayana, Hoffman, Andrew R, Lane, Nancy E, Stefanick, Marcia L, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Dam, Tien, Cawthon, Peggy M, Orwoll, Eric S, Cauley, Jane A, and Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group

Abstract

Studies examining the relationship between muscle parameters and bone strength have not included multiple muscle measurements and/or both central and peripheral skeletal parameters. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lean mass, muscle strength and power, and skeletal size, bone density, and bone strength. We studied the association between appendicular lean mass (ALM), grip strength, and leg power, and central quantitative computed tomography (QCT) parameters in 2857 men aged 65 years or older; peripheral QCT was available on a subset (n = 786). ALM, grip strength, and leg power were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Jamar dynamometer, and the Nottingham Power Rig, respectively. Multivariable models adjusting for potential confounders including age, race, study site, BMI, and muscle measurements were developed and least squares means were generated from linear regression models. For the multivariable model, percent differences of bone parameters between lowest (Q1) and highest quartiles (Q4) of ALM, grip strength, and leg power were reported. ALM was significantly associated with central and peripheral QCT parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 3.3% (cortical volumetric bone mineral density [vBMD] of the femoral neck) to 31% (vertebral strength index of the spine). Grip strength was only significantly associated with radial parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 2.5% (periosteal circumference) to 7.5% (33% axial strength index [SSIx]). Leg power was associated with vertebral strength and lower cross-sectional area with percent lower values (Q4 versus Q1) of -11.9% and -2.7%, respectively. In older men, stronger associations were observed for ALM compared to muscle strength and power. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the relationship between independent changes in muscle measurements and skeletal size, density and strength. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Min

Published
2018

3. Associations Between Lean Mass, Muscle Strength and Power, and Skeletal Size, Density and Strength in Older Men.

Author

Chalhoub, Didier, Chalhoub, Didier, Boudreau, Robert, Greenspan, Susan, Newman, Anne B, Zmuda, Joseph, Frank-Wilson, Andrew W, Nagaraj, Nayana, Hoffman, Andrew R, Lane, Nancy E, Stefanick, Marcia L, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Dam, Tien, Cawthon, Peggy M, Orwoll, Eric S, Cauley, Jane A, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group, Chalhoub, Didier, Chalhoub, Didier, Boudreau, Robert, Greenspan, Susan, Newman, Anne B, Zmuda, Joseph, Frank-Wilson, Andrew W, Nagaraj, Nayana, Hoffman, Andrew R, Lane, Nancy E, Stefanick, Marcia L, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Dam, Tien, Cawthon, Peggy M, Orwoll, Eric S, Cauley, Jane A, and Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group

Abstract

Studies examining the relationship between muscle parameters and bone strength have not included multiple muscle measurements and/or both central and peripheral skeletal parameters. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lean mass, muscle strength and power, and skeletal size, bone density, and bone strength. We studied the association between appendicular lean mass (ALM), grip strength, and leg power, and central quantitative computed tomography (QCT) parameters in 2857 men aged 65 years or older; peripheral QCT was available on a subset (n = 786). ALM, grip strength, and leg power were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Jamar dynamometer, and the Nottingham Power Rig, respectively. Multivariable models adjusting for potential confounders including age, race, study site, BMI, and muscle measurements were developed and least squares means were generated from linear regression models. For the multivariable model, percent differences of bone parameters between lowest (Q1) and highest quartiles (Q4) of ALM, grip strength, and leg power were reported. ALM was significantly associated with central and peripheral QCT parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 3.3% (cortical volumetric bone mineral density [vBMD] of the femoral neck) to 31% (vertebral strength index of the spine). Grip strength was only significantly associated with radial parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 2.5% (periosteal circumference) to 7.5% (33% axial strength index [SSIx]). Leg power was associated with vertebral strength and lower cross-sectional area with percent lower values (Q4 versus Q1) of -11.9% and -2.7%, respectively. In older men, stronger associations were observed for ALM compared to muscle strength and power. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the relationship between independent changes in muscle measurements and skeletal size, density and strength. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Min

Published
2018

4. Conflict beyond borders: The international dimensions of Nicaragua's violent twentieth-century, 1909-1990

Author

Wilson, Andrew W and Wilson, Andrew W

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify the importance of Nicaraguan political contests in the global twentieth century. The goal is to demonstrate that, despite its relatively small size, Nicaragua significantly influenced the course of modern history. This has been done by examining the international contestations between Nicaragua’s revolutionary and counterrevolutionary currents from Augusto Sandino’s resistance to U.S. imperialism, to the machinations of the Somoza family, and the Contra War of the 1980s. Upon examination of these events, it becomes clear that Nicaraguans on both sides of the conflict proved adept at cultivating and utilizing transnational networks of material and moral support. By analyzing these events through a transnational lens, this research demonstrates the ability of local peoples to impact global politics.

Published
2016

5. Adjunctive treatment with oral AKL1, a botanical nutraceutical, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author

Brockwell,Claire, Ampikaipakan,Sundari, Sexton,Darren W, Price,David, Freeman,Daryl, Thomas,Mike, Ali,Muzammil, Wilson,Andrew W, Brockwell,Claire, Ampikaipakan,Sundari, Sexton,Darren W, Price,David, Freeman,Daryl, Thomas,Mike, Ali,Muzammil, and Wilson,Andrew W

Abstract

Claire Brockwell,1 Sundari Ampikaipakan,1,2 Darren W Sexton,1 David Price,3,4 Daryl Freeman,5 Mike Thomas,6 Muzammil Ali,4 Andrew M Wilson1,21Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; 2Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK; 3Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; 4Research in Real Life, Cambridge, UK; 5Mundesley Medical Centre, Mundesley, Norwich, UK; 6Primary Care Research, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKPurpose: The objective of this pilot trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AKL1, a patented botanical formulation containing extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa, Ginkgo biloba, and Zingiber officinale, as add-on therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic cough.Patients and methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled male and female patients >18 years old with COPD and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score of <18. The 10-week study period comprised a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period followed by add-on treatment with AKL1 or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. The primary study endpoint was the change from week 0 to week 8 in cough-related health status, as assessed by the LCQ.Results: Of 33 patients enrolled, 20 were randomized to AKL1 and 13 to placebo. Patients included 19 (58%) men and 14 (42%) women of mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 67 (9.4) years; 15 (45%) patients were smokers and 16 (49%) were ex-smokers. The mean (SD) change from baseline in LCQ score at 8 weeks was 2.3 (4.9) in the AKL1 group and 0.6 (3.7) in the placebo group, with mean difference in change of 1.8 (95% confidence interval: –1.5 to 5.1; P=0.28). The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score improved substantially in the AKL1 treatment group by a mean (SD) of –7.7 (11.7) versus worsening in the placebo group (+1.5 [9.3]), with mean difference in ch

Published
2014

6. Preserving Accuracy in GenBank

Author

Bruns, Thomas D., Blackwell, Meredith, Edwards, Ivan, Taylor, Andy F. S., Horton, Thomas, Zhang, Ning, Kõljalg, Urmas, May, Georgiana, Kuyper, Thomas W., Bever, James D., Gilbert, Gregory, Taylor, John W., DeSantis, Todd Z., Pringle, Anne, Borneman, James, Thorn, Greg, Berbee, Mary, Mueller, Gregory M., Andersen, Gary L., Vellinga, Else C., Branco, Sara, Anderson, Ian, Dickie, Ian A., Avis, Peter, Timonen, Sari, Kjøller, Rasmus, Lodge, D. J., Bateman, Richard M., Purvis, Andy, Crous, Pedro W., Hawkes, Christine, Barraclough, Tim, Burt, Austin, Nilsson, R. H., Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Alexander, Ian, Moncalvo, Jean-Marc, Berube, Jean, Spatafora, Joseph, Thorsten Lumbsch, H., Blair, Jaime E., Suh, Sung-Oui, Pfister, Donald H., Binder, Manfred, Boehm, Eric W., Kohn, Linda, Mata, Juan L., Dyer, Paul, Sung, Gi-Ho, Dentinger, Bryn, Simmons, Emory G., Baird, Richard E., Volk, Thomas J., Perry, Brian A., Kerrigan, Richard W., Campbell, Jinx, Rajesh, Jeewon, Reynolds, Don R., Geiser, David, Humber, Richard A., Hausmann, Natasha, Szaro, Tim, Stajich, Jason, Gathman, Allen, Peay, Kabir G., Henkel, Terry, Robinson, Clare H., Pukkila, Patricia J., Nguyen, Nhu H., Villalta, Christopher, Kennedy, Peter, Bergemann, Sarah, Catherine Aime, M., Kauff, Frank, Porras-Alfaro, Andrea, Gueidan, Cecile, Beck, Andreas, Andersen, Birgitte, Marek, Stephen, Crouch, Jo A., Kerrigan, Julia, Beagle Ristaino, Jean, Hodge, Kathie T., Kuldau, Gretchen, Samuels, Gary J., Raja, Huzefa A., Voglmayr, Hermann, Gardes, Monique, Janos, David P., Rogers, Jack D., Cannon, Paul, Woolfolk, Sandra W., Kistler, H. C., Castellano, Michael A., Maldonado-Ramírez, Sandra L., Kirk, Paul M., Farrar, James J., Osmundson, Todd, Currah, Randolph S., Vujanovic, Vladimir, Chen, Weidong, Korf, Richard P., Atallah, Zahi K., Harrison, Ken J., Guarro, Josep, Bates, Scott T., Enrico Bonello, Pierluigi, Bridge, Paul, Schell, Wiley, Rossi, Walter, Stenlid, Jan, Frisvad, Jens C., Miller, R. M., Baker, Scott E., Hallen, Heather E., Janso, Jeffrey E., Wilson, Andrew W., Conway, Kenneth E., Egerton-Warburton, Louise, Wang, Zheng, Eastburn, Darin, Ho, Wellcome W. Hong, Kroken, Scott, Stadler, Marc, Turgeon, Gillian, Lichtwardt, Robert W., Stewart, Elwin L., Wedin, Mats, Li, De-Wei, Uchida, Janice Y., Jumpponen, Ari, Deckert, Ron J., Beker, Henry J., Rogers, Scott O., Xu, Jianping, Johnston, Peter, Shoemaker, R. A., Liu, Miao, Marques, G., Summerell, Brett, Sokolski, Serge, Thrane, Ulf, Widden, Paul, Bruhn, Johann N., Bianchinotti, Virginia, Tuthill, Dorothy, Baroni, Timothy J., Barron, George, Hosaka, Kentaro, Jewell, Kelsea, Piepenbring, Meike, Sullivan, Raymond, Griffith, Gareth W., Bradley, S. G., Aoki, Takayuki, Yoder, Wendy T., Ju, Yu-Ming, Berch, Shannon M., Trappe, Matt, Duan, Weijun, Bonito, Gregory, Taber, Ruth A., Coelho, Gilberto, Bills, Gerald, Ganley, Austen, Agerer, Reinhard, Nagy, László, Roy, Barbara A., Læssøe, Thomas, Hallenberg, Nils, Tichy, Hans-Volker, Stalpers, Joost, Langer, Ewald, Scholler, Markus, Krueger, Dirk, Pacioni, Giovanni, Pöder, Reinhold, Pennanen, Taina, Capelari, Marina, Nakasone, Karen, Tewari, J. P., Miller, Andrew N., Decock, Cony, Huhndorf, Sabine, Wach, Mark, Vishniac, Helen S., Yohalem, David S., Smith, Matthew E., Glenn, Anthony E., Spiering, Martin, Lindner, Daniel L., Schoch, Conrad, Redhead, Scott A., Ivors, Kelly, Jeffers, Steven N., Geml, József, Okafor, Florence, Spiegel, Frederick W., Dewsbury, Damon, Carroll, Juliet, Porter, Terri M., Pashley, Catherine, Carpenter, Steven E., Abad, Gloria, Voigt, Kerstin, Arenz, Brett, Methven, Andrew S., Schechter, Shannon, Vance, Paula, Mahoney, Dan, Kang, Seogchan, Rheeder, John P., Mehl, James, Greif, Matthew, Ndzi Ngala, George, Ammirati, Joe, Kawasaki, Masako, Gwo-Fang, Yuan, Matsumoto, Tadahiko, Smith, David, Koenig, Gina, Luoma, Daniel, May, Tom, Leonardi, Marco, Sigler, Lynne, Taylor, D. L., Gibson, Cara, Sharpton, Thomas, Hawksworth, David L., Carmine Dianese, Jose, Trudell, Steven A., Paulus, Barbara, Padamsee, Mahajabeen, Callac, Philippe, Lima, Nelson, White, Merlin, Barreau, C., Juncai, M. A., Buyck, Bart, Rabeler, Richard K., Liles, Mark R., Estes, Dwayne, Carter, Richard, Herr, J. M., Chandler, Gregory, Kerekes, Jennifer, Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer, Galán Márquez, R., Horak, Egon, Fitzsimons, Michael, Döring, Heidi, Yao, Su, Hynson, Nicole, Ryberg, Martin, Arnold, A. E., Hughes, Karen, Bruns, Thomas D., Blackwell, Meredith, Edwards, Ivan, Taylor, Andy F. S., Horton, Thomas, Zhang, Ning, Kõljalg, Urmas, May, Georgiana, Kuyper, Thomas W., Bever, James D., Gilbert, Gregory, Taylor, John W., DeSantis, Todd Z., Pringle, Anne, Borneman, James, Thorn, Greg, Berbee, Mary, Mueller, Gregory M., Andersen, Gary L., Vellinga, Else C., Branco, Sara, Anderson, Ian, Dickie, Ian A., Avis, Peter, Timonen, Sari, Kjøller, Rasmus, Lodge, D. J., Bateman, Richard M., Purvis, Andy, Crous, Pedro W., Hawkes, Christine, Barraclough, Tim, Burt, Austin, Nilsson, R. H., Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Alexander, Ian, Moncalvo, Jean-Marc, Berube, Jean, Spatafora, Joseph, Thorsten Lumbsch, H., Blair, Jaime E., Suh, Sung-Oui, Pfister, Donald H., Binder, Manfred, Boehm, Eric W., Kohn, Linda, Mata, Juan L., Dyer, Paul, Sung, Gi-Ho, Dentinger, Bryn, Simmons, Emory G., Baird, Richard E., Volk, Thomas J., Perry, Brian A., Kerrigan, Richard W., Campbell, Jinx, Rajesh, Jeewon, Reynolds, Don R., Geiser, David, Humber, Richard A., Hausmann, Natasha, Szaro, Tim, Stajich, Jason, Gathman, Allen, Peay, Kabir G., Henkel, Terry, Robinson, Clare H., Pukkila, Patricia J., Nguyen, Nhu H., Villalta, Christopher, Kennedy, Peter, Bergemann, Sarah, Catherine Aime, M., Kauff, Frank, Porras-Alfaro, Andrea, Gueidan, Cecile, Beck, Andreas, Andersen, Birgitte, Marek, Stephen, Crouch, Jo A., Kerrigan, Julia, Beagle Ristaino, Jean, Hodge, Kathie T., Kuldau, Gretchen, Samuels, Gary J., Raja, Huzefa A., Voglmayr, Hermann, Gardes, Monique, Janos, David P., Rogers, Jack D., Cannon, Paul, Woolfolk, Sandra W., Kistler, H. C., Castellano, Michael A., Maldonado-Ramírez, Sandra L., Kirk, Paul M., Farrar, James J., Osmundson, Todd, Currah, Randolph S., Vujanovic, Vladimir, Chen, Weidong, Korf, Richard P., Atallah, Zahi K., Harrison, Ken J., Guarro, Josep, Bates, Scott T., Enrico Bonello, Pierluigi, Bridge, Paul, Schell, Wiley, Rossi, Walter, Stenlid, Jan, Frisvad, Jens C., Miller, R. M., Baker, Scott E., Hallen, Heather E., Janso, Jeffrey E., Wilson, Andrew W., Conway, Kenneth E., Egerton-Warburton, Louise, Wang, Zheng, Eastburn, Darin, Ho, Wellcome W. Hong, Kroken, Scott, Stadler, Marc, Turgeon, Gillian, Lichtwardt, Robert W., Stewart, Elwin L., Wedin, Mats, Li, De-Wei, Uchida, Janice Y., Jumpponen, Ari, Deckert, Ron J., Beker, Henry J., Rogers, Scott O., Xu, Jianping, Johnston, Peter, Shoemaker, R. A., Liu, Miao, Marques, G., Summerell, Brett, Sokolski, Serge, Thrane, Ulf, Widden, Paul, Bruhn, Johann N., Bianchinotti, Virginia, Tuthill, Dorothy, Baroni, Timothy J., Barron, George, Hosaka, Kentaro, Jewell, Kelsea, Piepenbring, Meike, Sullivan, Raymond, Griffith, Gareth W., Bradley, S. G., Aoki, Takayuki, Yoder, Wendy T., Ju, Yu-Ming, Berch, Shannon M., Trappe, Matt, Duan, Weijun, Bonito, Gregory, Taber, Ruth A., Coelho, Gilberto, Bills, Gerald, Ganley, Austen, Agerer, Reinhard, Nagy, László, Roy, Barbara A., Læssøe, Thomas, Hallenberg, Nils, Tichy, Hans-Volker, Stalpers, Joost, Langer, Ewald, Scholler, Markus, Krueger, Dirk, Pacioni, Giovanni, Pöder, Reinhold, Pennanen, Taina, Capelari, Marina, Nakasone, Karen, Tewari, J. P., Miller, Andrew N., Decock, Cony, Huhndorf, Sabine, Wach, Mark, Vishniac, Helen S., Yohalem, David S., Smith, Matthew E., Glenn, Anthony E., Spiering, Martin, Lindner, Daniel L., Schoch, Conrad, Redhead, Scott A., Ivors, Kelly, Jeffers, Steven N., Geml, József, Okafor, Florence, Spiegel, Frederick W., Dewsbury, Damon, Carroll, Juliet, Porter, Terri M., Pashley, Catherine, Carpenter, Steven E., Abad, Gloria, Voigt, Kerstin, Arenz, Brett, Methven, Andrew S., Schechter, Shannon, Vance, Paula, Mahoney, Dan, Kang, Seogchan, Rheeder, John P., Mehl, James, Greif, Matthew, Ndzi Ngala, George, Ammirati, Joe, Kawasaki, Masako, Gwo-Fang, Yuan, Matsumoto, Tadahiko, Smith, David, Koenig, Gina, Luoma, Daniel, May, Tom, Leonardi, Marco, Sigler, Lynne, Taylor, D. L., Gibson, Cara, Sharpton, Thomas, Hawksworth, David L., Carmine Dianese, Jose, Trudell, Steven A., Paulus, Barbara, Padamsee, Mahajabeen, Callac, Philippe, Lima, Nelson, White, Merlin, Barreau, C., Juncai, M. A., Buyck, Bart, Rabeler, Richard K., Liles, Mark R., Estes, Dwayne, Carter, Richard, Herr, J. M., Chandler, Gregory, Kerekes, Jennifer, Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer, Galán Márquez, R., Horak, Egon, Fitzsimons, Michael, Döring, Heidi, Yao, Su, Hynson, Nicole, Ryberg, Martin, Arnold, A. E., and Hughes, Karen

Published
2008

7. Preserving Accuracy in GenBank

Author

Bruns, Thomas D., Blackwell, Meredith, Edwards, Ivan, Taylor, Andy F. S., Horton, Thomas, Zhang, Ning, Kõljalg, Urmas, May, Georgiana, Kuyper, Thomas W., Bever, James D., Gilbert, Gregory, Taylor, John W., DeSantis, Todd Z., Pringle, Anne, Borneman, James, Thorn, Greg, Berbee, Mary, Mueller, Gregory M., Andersen, Gary L., Vellinga, Else C., Branco, Sara, Anderson, Ian, Dickie, Ian A., Avis, Peter, Timonen, Sari, Kjøller, Rasmus, Lodge, D. J., Bateman, Richard M., Purvis, Andy, Crous, Pedro W., Hawkes, Christine, Barraclough, Tim, Burt, Austin, Nilsson, R. H., Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Alexander, Ian, Moncalvo, Jean-Marc, Berube, Jean, Spatafora, Joseph, Thorsten Lumbsch, H., Blair, Jaime E., Suh, Sung-Oui, Pfister, Donald H., Binder, Manfred, Boehm, Eric W., Kohn, Linda, Mata, Juan L., Dyer, Paul, Sung, Gi-Ho, Dentinger, Bryn, Simmons, Emory G., Baird, Richard E., Volk, Thomas J., Perry, Brian A., Kerrigan, Richard W., Campbell, Jinx, Rajesh, Jeewon, Reynolds, Don R., Geiser, David, Humber, Richard A., Hausmann, Natasha, Szaro, Tim, Stajich, Jason, Gathman, Allen, Peay, Kabir G., Henkel, Terry, Robinson, Clare H., Pukkila, Patricia J., Nguyen, Nhu H., Villalta, Christopher, Kennedy, Peter, Bergemann, Sarah, Catherine Aime, M., Kauff, Frank, Porras-Alfaro, Andrea, Gueidan, Cecile, Beck, Andreas, Andersen, Birgitte, Marek, Stephen, Crouch, Jo A., Kerrigan, Julia, Beagle Ristaino, Jean, Hodge, Kathie T., Kuldau, Gretchen, Samuels, Gary J., Raja, Huzefa A., Voglmayr, Hermann, Gardes, Monique, Janos, David P., Rogers, Jack D., Cannon, Paul, Woolfolk, Sandra W., Kistler, H. C., Castellano, Michael A., Maldonado-Ramírez, Sandra L., Kirk, Paul M., Farrar, James J., Osmundson, Todd, Currah, Randolph S., Vujanovic, Vladimir, Chen, Weidong, Korf, Richard P., Atallah, Zahi K., Harrison, Ken J., Guarro, Josep, Bates, Scott T., Enrico Bonello, Pierluigi, Bridge, Paul, Schell, Wiley, Rossi, Walter, Stenlid, Jan, Frisvad, Jens C., Miller, R. M., Baker, Scott E., Hallen, Heather E., Janso, Jeffrey E., Wilson, Andrew W., Conway, Kenneth E., Egerton-Warburton, Louise, Wang, Zheng, Eastburn, Darin, Ho, Wellcome W. Hong, Kroken, Scott, Stadler, Marc, Turgeon, Gillian, Lichtwardt, Robert W., Stewart, Elwin L., Wedin, Mats, Li, De-Wei, Uchida, Janice Y., Jumpponen, Ari, Deckert, Ron J., Beker, Henry J., Rogers, Scott O., Xu, Jianping, Johnston, Peter, Shoemaker, R. A., Liu, Miao, Marques, G., Summerell, Brett, Sokolski, Serge, Thrane, Ulf, Widden, Paul, Bruhn, Johann N., Bianchinotti, Virginia, Tuthill, Dorothy, Baroni, Timothy J., Barron, George, Hosaka, Kentaro, Jewell, Kelsea, Piepenbring, Meike, Sullivan, Raymond, Griffith, Gareth W., Bradley, S. G., Aoki, Takayuki, Yoder, Wendy T., Ju, Yu-Ming, Berch, Shannon M., Trappe, Matt, Duan, Weijun, Bonito, Gregory, Taber, Ruth A., Coelho, Gilberto, Bills, Gerald, Ganley, Austen, Agerer, Reinhard, Nagy, László, Roy, Barbara A., Læssøe, Thomas, Hallenberg, Nils, Tichy, Hans-Volker, Stalpers, Joost, Langer, Ewald, Scholler, Markus, Krueger, Dirk, Pacioni, Giovanni, Pöder, Reinhold, Pennanen, Taina, Capelari, Marina, Nakasone, Karen, Tewari, J. P., Miller, Andrew N., Decock, Cony, Huhndorf, Sabine, Wach, Mark, Vishniac, Helen S., Yohalem, David S., Smith, Matthew E., Glenn, Anthony E., Spiering, Martin, Lindner, Daniel L., Schoch, Conrad, Redhead, Scott A., Ivors, Kelly, Jeffers, Steven N., Geml, József, Okafor, Florence, Spiegel, Frederick W., Dewsbury, Damon, Carroll, Juliet, Porter, Terri M., Pashley, Catherine, Carpenter, Steven E., Abad, Gloria, Voigt, Kerstin, Arenz, Brett, Methven, Andrew S., Schechter, Shannon, Vance, Paula, Mahoney, Dan, Kang, Seogchan, Rheeder, John P., Mehl, James, Greif, Matthew, Ndzi Ngala, George, Ammirati, Joe, Kawasaki, Masako, Gwo-Fang, Yuan, Matsumoto, Tadahiko, Smith, David, Koenig, Gina, Luoma, Daniel, May, Tom, Leonardi, Marco, Sigler, Lynne, Taylor, D. L., Gibson, Cara, Sharpton, Thomas, Hawksworth, David L., Carmine Dianese, Jose, Trudell, Steven A., Paulus, Barbara, Padamsee, Mahajabeen, Callac, Philippe, Lima, Nelson, White, Merlin, Barreau, C., Juncai, M. A., Buyck, Bart, Rabeler, Richard K., Liles, Mark R., Estes, Dwayne, Carter, Richard, Herr, J. M., Chandler, Gregory, Kerekes, Jennifer, Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer, Galán Márquez, R., Horak, Egon, Fitzsimons, Michael, Döring, Heidi, Yao, Su, Hynson, Nicole, Ryberg, Martin, Arnold, A. E., Hughes, Karen, Bruns, Thomas D., Blackwell, Meredith, Edwards, Ivan, Taylor, Andy F. S., Horton, Thomas, Zhang, Ning, Kõljalg, Urmas, May, Georgiana, Kuyper, Thomas W., Bever, James D., Gilbert, Gregory, Taylor, John W., DeSantis, Todd Z., Pringle, Anne, Borneman, James, Thorn, Greg, Berbee, Mary, Mueller, Gregory M., Andersen, Gary L., Vellinga, Else C., Branco, Sara, Anderson, Ian, Dickie, Ian A., Avis, Peter, Timonen, Sari, Kjøller, Rasmus, Lodge, D. J., Bateman, Richard M., Purvis, Andy, Crous, Pedro W., Hawkes, Christine, Barraclough, Tim, Burt, Austin, Nilsson, R. H., Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Alexander, Ian, Moncalvo, Jean-Marc, Berube, Jean, Spatafora, Joseph, Thorsten Lumbsch, H., Blair, Jaime E., Suh, Sung-Oui, Pfister, Donald H., Binder, Manfred, Boehm, Eric W., Kohn, Linda, Mata, Juan L., Dyer, Paul, Sung, Gi-Ho, Dentinger, Bryn, Simmons, Emory G., Baird, Richard E., Volk, Thomas J., Perry, Brian A., Kerrigan, Richard W., Campbell, Jinx, Rajesh, Jeewon, Reynolds, Don R., Geiser, David, Humber, Richard A., Hausmann, Natasha, Szaro, Tim, Stajich, Jason, Gathman, Allen, Peay, Kabir G., Henkel, Terry, Robinson, Clare H., Pukkila, Patricia J., Nguyen, Nhu H., Villalta, Christopher, Kennedy, Peter, Bergemann, Sarah, Catherine Aime, M., Kauff, Frank, Porras-Alfaro, Andrea, Gueidan, Cecile, Beck, Andreas, Andersen, Birgitte, Marek, Stephen, Crouch, Jo A., Kerrigan, Julia, Beagle Ristaino, Jean, Hodge, Kathie T., Kuldau, Gretchen, Samuels, Gary J., Raja, Huzefa A., Voglmayr, Hermann, Gardes, Monique, Janos, David P., Rogers, Jack D., Cannon, Paul, Woolfolk, Sandra W., Kistler, H. C., Castellano, Michael A., Maldonado-Ramírez, Sandra L., Kirk, Paul M., Farrar, James J., Osmundson, Todd, Currah, Randolph S., Vujanovic, Vladimir, Chen, Weidong, Korf, Richard P., Atallah, Zahi K., Harrison, Ken J., Guarro, Josep, Bates, Scott T., Enrico Bonello, Pierluigi, Bridge, Paul, Schell, Wiley, Rossi, Walter, Stenlid, Jan, Frisvad, Jens C., Miller, R. M., Baker, Scott E., Hallen, Heather E., Janso, Jeffrey E., Wilson, Andrew W., Conway, Kenneth E., Egerton-Warburton, Louise, Wang, Zheng, Eastburn, Darin, Ho, Wellcome W. Hong, Kroken, Scott, Stadler, Marc, Turgeon, Gillian, Lichtwardt, Robert W., Stewart, Elwin L., Wedin, Mats, Li, De-Wei, Uchida, Janice Y., Jumpponen, Ari, Deckert, Ron J., Beker, Henry J., Rogers, Scott O., Xu, Jianping, Johnston, Peter, Shoemaker, R. A., Liu, Miao, Marques, G., Summerell, Brett, Sokolski, Serge, Thrane, Ulf, Widden, Paul, Bruhn, Johann N., Bianchinotti, Virginia, Tuthill, Dorothy, Baroni, Timothy J., Barron, George, Hosaka, Kentaro, Jewell, Kelsea, Piepenbring, Meike, Sullivan, Raymond, Griffith, Gareth W., Bradley, S. G., Aoki, Takayuki, Yoder, Wendy T., Ju, Yu-Ming, Berch, Shannon M., Trappe, Matt, Duan, Weijun, Bonito, Gregory, Taber, Ruth A., Coelho, Gilberto, Bills, Gerald, Ganley, Austen, Agerer, Reinhard, Nagy, László, Roy, Barbara A., Læssøe, Thomas, Hallenberg, Nils, Tichy, Hans-Volker, Stalpers, Joost, Langer, Ewald, Scholler, Markus, Krueger, Dirk, Pacioni, Giovanni, Pöder, Reinhold, Pennanen, Taina, Capelari, Marina, Nakasone, Karen, Tewari, J. P., Miller, Andrew N., Decock, Cony, Huhndorf, Sabine, Wach, Mark, Vishniac, Helen S., Yohalem, David S., Smith, Matthew E., Glenn, Anthony E., Spiering, Martin, Lindner, Daniel L., Schoch, Conrad, Redhead, Scott A., Ivors, Kelly, Jeffers, Steven N., Geml, József, Okafor, Florence, Spiegel, Frederick W., Dewsbury, Damon, Carroll, Juliet, Porter, Terri M., Pashley, Catherine, Carpenter, Steven E., Abad, Gloria, Voigt, Kerstin, Arenz, Brett, Methven, Andrew S., Schechter, Shannon, Vance, Paula, Mahoney, Dan, Kang, Seogchan, Rheeder, John P., Mehl, James, Greif, Matthew, Ndzi Ngala, George, Ammirati, Joe, Kawasaki, Masako, Gwo-Fang, Yuan, Matsumoto, Tadahiko, Smith, David, Koenig, Gina, Luoma, Daniel, May, Tom, Leonardi, Marco, Sigler, Lynne, Taylor, D. L., Gibson, Cara, Sharpton, Thomas, Hawksworth, David L., Carmine Dianese, Jose, Trudell, Steven A., Paulus, Barbara, Padamsee, Mahajabeen, Callac, Philippe, Lima, Nelson, White, Merlin, Barreau, C., Juncai, M. A., Buyck, Bart, Rabeler, Richard K., Liles, Mark R., Estes, Dwayne, Carter, Richard, Herr, J. M., Chandler, Gregory, Kerekes, Jennifer, Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer, Galán Márquez, R., Horak, Egon, Fitzsimons, Michael, Döring, Heidi, Yao, Su, Hynson, Nicole, Ryberg, Martin, Arnold, A. E., and Hughes, Karen

Published
2008

8. Contributions of rpb2 and tef1 to the phylogeny of mushrooms and allies (Basidiomycota, Fungi)

Author

Brandon Matheny, P., Wang, Zheng, Binder, Manfred, Curtis, Judd M., Lim, Young Woon, Nilsson, R. Henrik, Hughes, Karen W., Hofstetter, Valérie, Ammirati, Joseph F., Schoch, Conrad L., Langer, Ewald, Langer, Gitta, McLaughlin, David J., Wilson, Andrew W., Frøslev, Tobias, Ge, Zai Wei, Kerrigan, Richard W., Slot, Jason C., Yang, Zhu Liang, Baroni, Timothy J., Fischer, Michael, Hosaka, Kentaro, Matsuura, Kenji, Seidl, Michelle T., Vauras, Jukka, Hibbett, David S., Brandon Matheny, P., Wang, Zheng, Binder, Manfred, Curtis, Judd M., Lim, Young Woon, Nilsson, R. Henrik, Hughes, Karen W., Hofstetter, Valérie, Ammirati, Joseph F., Schoch, Conrad L., Langer, Ewald, Langer, Gitta, McLaughlin, David J., Wilson, Andrew W., Frøslev, Tobias, Ge, Zai Wei, Kerrigan, Richard W., Slot, Jason C., Yang, Zhu Liang, Baroni, Timothy J., Fischer, Michael, Hosaka, Kentaro, Matsuura, Kenji, Seidl, Michelle T., Vauras, Jukka, and Hibbett, David S.

Abstract

A phylogeny of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota is presented based on a survey of 160 taxa and five nuclear genes. Two genes, rpb2, and tef1, are presented in detail. The rpb2 gene is more variable than tef1 and recovers well-supported clades at shallow and deep taxonomic levels. The tef1 gene recovers some deep and ordinal-level relationships but with greater branch support from nucleotides compared to amino acids. Intron placement is dynamic in tef1, often lineage-specific, and diagnostic for many clades. Introns are fewer in rpb2 and tend to be highly conserved by position. When both protein-coding loci are combined with sequences of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes, 18 inclusive clades of Basidiomycota are strongly supported by Bayesian posterior probabilities and 16 by parsimony bootstrapping. These numbers are greater than produced by single genes and combined ribosomal RNA gene regions. Combination of nrDNA with amino acid sequences, or exons with third codon positions removed, produces strong measures of support, particularly for deep internodes of Basidiomycota, which have been difficult to resolve with confidence using nrDNA data alone. This study produces strong boostrap support and significant posterior probabilities for the first time for the following monophyletic groups: (1) Ustilaginomycetes plus Hymenomycetes, (2) an inclusive cluster of hymenochaetoid, corticioid, polyporoid, Thelephorales, russuloid, athelioid, Boletales, and euagarics clades, (3) Thelephorales plus the polyporoid clade, (4) the polyporoid clade, and (5) the cantharelloid clade. Strong support is also recovered for the basal position of the Dacrymycetales in the Hymenomycetidae and paraphyly of the Exobasidiomycetidae.

Published
2007

9. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny

Author

James, Timothy Y, Kauff, Frank, Schoch, Conrad L, Matheny, P Brandon, Hofstetter, Valérie, Cox, Cymon J, Celio, Gail, Gueidan, Cécile, Fraker, Emily, Miadlikowska, Jolanta, Lumbsch, H Thorsten, Rauhut, Alexandra, Reeb, Valérie, Arnold, A Elizabeth, Amtoft, Anja, Stajich, Jason E, Hosaka, Kentaro, Sung, Gi-Ho, Johnson, Desiree, O'Rourke, Ben, Crockett, Michael, Binder, Manfred, Curtis, Judd M, Slot, Jason C, Wang, Zheng, Wilson, Andrew W, Schüssler, Arthur, Longcore, Joyce E, O'Donnell, Kerry, Mozley-Standridge, Sharon, Porter, David, Letcher, Peter M, Powell, Martha J, Taylor, John W, White, Merlin M, Griffith, Gareth W, Davies, David R, Humber, Richard A, Morton, Joseph B, Sugiyama, Junta, Rossman, Amy Y, Rogers, Jack D, Pfister, Don H, Hewitt, David, Hansen, Karen, Hambleton, Sarah, Shoemaker, Robert A, Kohlmeyer, Jan, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte, Spotts, Robert A, Serdani, Maryna, Crous, Pedro W, Hughes, Karen W, Matsuura, Kenji, Langer, Ewald, Langer, Gitta, Untereiner, Wendy A, Lücking, Robert, Büdel, Burkhard, Geiser, David M, Aptroot, André, Diederich, Paul, Schmitt, Imke, Schultz, Matthias, Yahr, Rebecca, Hibbett, David S, Lutzoni, François, McLaughlin, David J, Spatafora, Joseph W, Vilgalys, Rytas, James, Timothy Y, Kauff, Frank, Schoch, Conrad L, Matheny, P Brandon, Hofstetter, Valérie, Cox, Cymon J, Celio, Gail, Gueidan, Cécile, Fraker, Emily, Miadlikowska, Jolanta, Lumbsch, H Thorsten, Rauhut, Alexandra, Reeb, Valérie, Arnold, A Elizabeth, Amtoft, Anja, Stajich, Jason E, Hosaka, Kentaro, Sung, Gi-Ho, Johnson, Desiree, O'Rourke, Ben, Crockett, Michael, Binder, Manfred, Curtis, Judd M, Slot, Jason C, Wang, Zheng, Wilson, Andrew W, Schüssler, Arthur, Longcore, Joyce E, O'Donnell, Kerry, Mozley-Standridge, Sharon, Porter, David, Letcher, Peter M, Powell, Martha J, Taylor, John W, White, Merlin M, Griffith, Gareth W, Davies, David R, Humber, Richard A, Morton, Joseph B, Sugiyama, Junta, Rossman, Amy Y, Rogers, Jack D, Pfister, Don H, Hewitt, David, Hansen, Karen, Hambleton, Sarah, Shoemaker, Robert A, Kohlmeyer, Jan, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte, Spotts, Robert A, Serdani, Maryna, Crous, Pedro W, Hughes, Karen W, Matsuura, Kenji, Langer, Ewald, Langer, Gitta, Untereiner, Wendy A, Lücking, Robert, Büdel, Burkhard, Geiser, David M, Aptroot, André, Diederich, Paul, Schmitt, Imke, Schultz, Matthias, Yahr, Rebecca, Hibbett, David S, Lutzoni, François, McLaughlin, David J, Spatafora, Joseph W, and Vilgalys, Rytas

Abstract

The ancestors of fungi are believed to be simple aquatic forms with flagellated spores, similar to members of the extant phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids). Current classifications assume that chytrids form an early-diverging clade within the kingdom Fungi and imply a single loss of the spore flagellum, leading to the diversification of terrestrial fungi. Here we develop phylogenetic hypotheses for Fungi using data from six gene regions and nearly 200 species. Our results indicate that there may have been at least four independent losses of the flagellum in the kingdom Fungi. These losses of swimming spores coincided with the evolution of new mechanisms of spore dispersal, such as aerial dispersal in mycelial groups and polar tube eversion in the microsporidia (unicellular forms that lack mitochondria). The enigmatic microsporidia seem to be derived from an endoparasitic chytrid ancestor similar to Rozella allomycis, on the earliest diverging branch of the fungal phylogenetic tree.

Published
2006

10. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny

Author

James, Timothy Y, Kauff, Frank, Schoch, Conrad L, Matheny, P Brandon, Hofstetter, Valérie, Cox, Cymon J, Celio, Gail, Gueidan, Cécile, Fraker, Emily, Miadlikowska, Jolanta, Lumbsch, H Thorsten, Rauhut, Alexandra, Reeb, Valérie, Arnold, A Elizabeth, Amtoft, Anja, Stajich, Jason E, Hosaka, Kentaro, Sung, Gi-Ho, Johnson, Desiree, O'Rourke, Ben, Crockett, Michael, Binder, Manfred, Curtis, Judd M, Slot, Jason C, Wang, Zheng, Wilson, Andrew W, Schüssler, Arthur, Longcore, Joyce E, O'Donnell, Kerry, Mozley-Standridge, Sharon, Porter, David, Letcher, Peter M, Powell, Martha J, Taylor, John W, White, Merlin M, Griffith, Gareth W, Davies, David R, Humber, Richard A, Morton, Joseph B, Sugiyama, Junta, Rossman, Amy Y, Rogers, Jack D, Pfister, Don H, Hewitt, David, Hansen, Karen, Hambleton, Sarah, Shoemaker, Robert A, Kohlmeyer, Jan, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte, Spotts, Robert A, Serdani, Maryna, Crous, Pedro W, Hughes, Karen W, Matsuura, Kenji, Langer, Ewald, Langer, Gitta, Untereiner, Wendy A, Lücking, Robert, Büdel, Burkhard, Geiser, David M, Aptroot, André, Diederich, Paul, Schmitt, Imke, Schultz, Matthias, Yahr, Rebecca, Hibbett, David S, Lutzoni, François, McLaughlin, David J, Spatafora, Joseph W, Vilgalys, Rytas, James, Timothy Y, Kauff, Frank, Schoch, Conrad L, Matheny, P Brandon, Hofstetter, Valérie, Cox, Cymon J, Celio, Gail, Gueidan, Cécile, Fraker, Emily, Miadlikowska, Jolanta, Lumbsch, H Thorsten, Rauhut, Alexandra, Reeb, Valérie, Arnold, A Elizabeth, Amtoft, Anja, Stajich, Jason E, Hosaka, Kentaro, Sung, Gi-Ho, Johnson, Desiree, O'Rourke, Ben, Crockett, Michael, Binder, Manfred, Curtis, Judd M, Slot, Jason C, Wang, Zheng, Wilson, Andrew W, Schüssler, Arthur, Longcore, Joyce E, O'Donnell, Kerry, Mozley-Standridge, Sharon, Porter, David, Letcher, Peter M, Powell, Martha J, Taylor, John W, White, Merlin M, Griffith, Gareth W, Davies, David R, Humber, Richard A, Morton, Joseph B, Sugiyama, Junta, Rossman, Amy Y, Rogers, Jack D, Pfister, Don H, Hewitt, David, Hansen, Karen, Hambleton, Sarah, Shoemaker, Robert A, Kohlmeyer, Jan, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte, Spotts, Robert A, Serdani, Maryna, Crous, Pedro W, Hughes, Karen W, Matsuura, Kenji, Langer, Ewald, Langer, Gitta, Untereiner, Wendy A, Lücking, Robert, Büdel, Burkhard, Geiser, David M, Aptroot, André, Diederich, Paul, Schmitt, Imke, Schultz, Matthias, Yahr, Rebecca, Hibbett, David S, Lutzoni, François, McLaughlin, David J, Spatafora, Joseph W, and Vilgalys, Rytas

Abstract

The ancestors of fungi are believed to be simple aquatic forms with flagellated spores, similar to members of the extant phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids). Current classifications assume that chytrids form an early-diverging clade within the kingdom Fungi and imply a single loss of the spore flagellum, leading to the diversification of terrestrial fungi. Here we develop phylogenetic hypotheses for Fungi using data from six gene regions and nearly 200 species. Our results indicate that there may have been at least four independent losses of the flagellum in the kingdom Fungi. These losses of swimming spores coincided with the evolution of new mechanisms of spore dispersal, such as aerial dispersal in mycelial groups and polar tube eversion in the microsporidia (unicellular forms that lack mitochondria). The enigmatic microsporidia seem to be derived from an endoparasitic chytrid ancestor similar to Rozella allomycis, on the earliest diverging branch of the fungal phylogenetic tree.

Published
2006

11. The effect of urbanization on watershed runoff.

Author

Wilson, Andrew W., DeCook, K. J., King, David A., Foerster, Eugene Paul,1932, Wilson, Andrew W., DeCook, K. J., King, David A., and Foerster, Eugene Paul,1932

Abstract

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of urbanization on the rainfall-runoff relationship of a semiarid region. A concentrated network of rain gages was installed on the urban Tucson Arroyo-Arroyo Chico Watershed located in the city of Tucson, Arizona. Rainfall data from this watershed were compared with that of the non-urban Atterbury Experimental Watershed located to the southeast of the city of Tucson in order to determine if there were significant differences in the runoff from these two watersheds. In addition, test plots were constructed by the researcher for the study of the effects of intensity of precipitation, season, antecedent moisture, and percent of impervious cover on the rainfall-runoff relationship. Data from the test plots were compared with that of the Tucson Arroyo-Arroyo Chico Watershed. A prediction model was developed for the Tucson Arroyo-Arroyo Chico Watershed. The feasibility of retaining urban runoff for more beneficial uses was investigated. It was determined that the runoff from the urban Tucson Arroyo- Arroyo Chico Watershed was 4.75 times greater per square unit of area than that from the non-urban Atterbury Experimental Watershed. Significant factors in the rainfall-runoff relationships of the test plot data were found to be intensity of precipitation and amount of impervious cover. Season was found not to be significant. Antecedent moisture was a significant factor in the analysis of variance of the data. However, it was not significant in the regression analysis. In the comparison of the test plot data and the data from the Tucson Arroyo-Arroyo Chico Watershed, it was found that intensity of precipitation was the predominant factor in the rainfall-runoff relationship. In plotting the effects of intensity of precipitation versus runoff, the resulting graph indicated an increasing effect of impervious cover and intensity of precipitation on runoff from the test plots. A regression model was developed from the data of the Tucs

Published
1972

12. Associations of Quadriceps Torque Properties with Muscle Size, Attenuation, and Intramuscular Adipose Tissue in Older Adults

Author

[ 1 ] NIA, Lab Epidemiol & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Show more [ 2 ] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Kinesiol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada [ 3 ] Univ Inst Maia, ISMAI, CIDESD, Res Ctr Sports Sci Hlth Sci & Human Dev, Porto, Portugal Show more [ 4 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Geriatr, Reykjavik, Iceland Show more [ 5 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 6 ] Iceland Heart Assoc Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Geriatrics, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland, Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Frank-Wilson, Andrew W, Chalhoub, Didier, Figueiredo, Pedro, Jónsson, Pálmi V, Siggeirsdóttir, Kristín, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Guðnason, Vilmundur, Launer, Lenore, Harris, Tamara B, [ 1 ] NIA, Lab Epidemiol & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Show more [ 2 ] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Kinesiol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada [ 3 ] Univ Inst Maia, ISMAI, CIDESD, Res Ctr Sports Sci Hlth Sci & Human Dev, Porto, Portugal Show more [ 4 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Geriatr, Reykjavik, Iceland Show more [ 5 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 6 ] Iceland Heart Assoc Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Geriatrics, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland, Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Frank-Wilson, Andrew W, Chalhoub, Didier, Figueiredo, Pedro, Jónsson, Pálmi V, Siggeirsdóttir, Kristín, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Guðnason, Vilmundur, Launer, Lenore, and Harris, Tamara B

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink below, BACKGROUND: Atrophy and fatty infiltration of muscle with aging are associated with fractures and falls, however, their direct associations with muscle function are not well described. It was hypothesized that participants with lower quadriceps muscle attenuation, area, and greater intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) will exhibit slower rates of torque development (RTD) and lower peak knee extension torques. METHODS: Data from 4,842 participants (2,041 men, 2,801 women) from the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik Study (mean age 76 ± 0.1 years) with complete thigh computed tomography and isometric knee testing. Regression models were adjusted for health, behavior, and comorbidities. Muscle attenuation was further adjusted for muscle area and IMAT; muscle area adjusted for IMAT and attenuation; and IMAT adjusted for muscle area and attenuation. Standardized betas (β) indicate association effect sizes. RESULTS: In the fully-adjusted models, attenuation (men β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11; women β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11) and muscle area (men β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.19; women β = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.15) were associated with knee RTD. Attenuation (men β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.16; women β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.16) and muscle area (men β = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.43; women β = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.37) were associated with peak torque. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that muscle attenuation and area are independently associated with RTD and peak torque; and that area and attenuation demonstrate similar contributions to RTD.

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