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BACKGROUND: Many loci have been found to be associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, although there is considerable variation in progression-free survival (PFS), no loci have been found to be associated with outcome at genome-wide levels of significance. METHODS: We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of PFS in 2,352 women with EOC who had undergone cytoreductive surgery and standard carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy. RESULTS: We found seven SNPs at 12q24.33 associated with PFS (P < 5 × 10-8), the top SNP being rs10794418 (HR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15-1.34; P = 1.47 × 10-8). High expression of a nearby gene, ULK1, is associated with shorter PFS in EOC, and with poor prognosis in other cancers. SNP rs10794418 is also associated with expression of ULK1 in ovarian tumors, with the allele associated with shorter PFS being associated with higher expression, and chromatin interactions were detected between the ULK1 promoter and associated SNPs in serous and endometrioid EOC cell lines. ULK1 knockout ovarian cancer cell lines showed significantly increased sensitivity to carboplatin in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The locus at 12q24.33 represents one of the first genome-wide significant loci for survival for any cancer. ULK1 is a plausible candidate for the target of this association. IMPACT: This finding provides insight into genetic markers associated with EOC outcome and potential treatment options.See related commentary by Peres and Monteiro, p. 1604.

[EN] Self-sustained fluctuating airflow behaviour in spray drying chambers is in essence an unsteady phenomenon requiring the transient CFD simulation framework. There is currently, however, a mixture of steady state and transient CFD simulations of spray dryers practised and reported in the literature. The choice between steady state and transient approach significantly affects the computation time of the simulation and subsequently the adoption of this approach by industry. This paper firstly examines in detail the bottleneck in computation time of the transient simulation approach. Based on past reports, this review paper then presents a discussion and provides several recommendations on the use of steady state and transient simulation approach for spray dryers.

[EN] Self-sustained fluctuating airflow behaviour in spray drying chambers is in essence an unsteady phenomenon requiring the transient CFD simulation framework. There is currently, however, a mixture of steady state and transient CFD simulations of spray dryers practised and reported in the literature. The choice between steady state and transient approach significantly affects the computation time of the simulation and subsequently the adoption of this approach by industry. This paper firstly examines in detail the bottleneck in computation time of the transient simulation approach. Based on past reports, this review paper then presents a discussion and provides several recommendations on the use of steady state and transient simulation approach for spray dryers.

[EN] Self-sustained fluctuating airflow behaviour in spray drying chambers is in essence an unsteady phenomenon requiring the transient CFD simulation framework. There is currently, however, a mixture of steady state and transient CFD simulations of spray dryers practised and reported in the literature. The choice between steady state and transient approach significantly affects the computation time of the simulation and subsequently the adoption of this approach by industry. This paper firstly examines in detail the bottleneck in computation time of the transient simulation approach. Based on past reports, this review paper then presents a discussion and provides several recommendations on the use of steady state and transient simulation approach for spray dryers.

[EN] Self-sustained fluctuating airflow behaviour in spray drying chambers is in essence an unsteady phenomenon requiring the transient CFD simulation framework. There is currently, however, a mixture of steady state and transient CFD simulations of spray dryers practised and reported in the literature. The choice between steady state and transient approach significantly affects the computation time of the simulation and subsequently the adoption of this approach by industry. This paper firstly examines in detail the bottleneck in computation time of the transient simulation approach. Based on past reports, this review paper then presents a discussion and provides several recommendations on the use of steady state and transient simulation approach for spray dryers.

[EN] Self-sustained fluctuating airflow behaviour in spray drying chambers is in essence an unsteady phenomenon requiring the transient CFD simulation framework. There is currently, however, a mixture of steady state and transient CFD simulations of spray dryers practised and reported in the literature. The choice between steady state and transient approach significantly affects the computation time of the simulation and subsequently the adoption of this approach by industry. This paper firstly examines in detail the bottleneck in computation time of the transient simulation approach. Based on past reports, this review paper then presents a discussion and provides several recommendations on the use of steady state and transient simulation approach for spray dryers.

To identify common alleles associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we pooled data from multiple genome-wide genotyping projects totaling 25,509 EOC cases and 40,941 controls. We identified nine new susceptibility loci for different EOC histotypes: six for serous EOC histotypes (3q28, 4q32.3, 8q21.11, 10q24.33, 18q11.2 and 22q12.1), two for mucinous EOC (3q22.3 and 9q31.1) and one for endometrioid EOC (5q12.3). We then performed meta-analysis on the results for high-grade serous ovarian cancer with the results from analysis of 31,448 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, including 3,887 mutation carriers with EOC. This identified three additional susceptibility loci at 2q13, 8q24.1 and 12q24.31. Integrated analyses of genes and regulatory biofeatures at each locus predicted candidate susceptibility genes, including OBFC1, a new candidate susceptibility gene for low-grade and borderline serous EOC.

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan-Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan-Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan-Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan-Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan-Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan-Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan-Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.

This paper will present the research results from developing a computer database system using a variant design approach to assist in the preparation of quality manuals. The basic principle is "the most common one of design assignments modifies or uses an existing design to make a 'new' component." Such an information flow mainly relies on a database, which stores all the information about ISO 9000 certification requested by a desired company. Integration of system architecture and communication protocol allows to accommodate different types of business (electronics, mechanical, etc.). A case study is presented to illustrate the process of generating quality manuals through an intelligent user-interface and to demonstrate a new and unique business strategy to enhance quality improvement and management.

Microalgae, one of the important biofuel producers, have received considerable attention recently.Dewatering is one of the bottlenecks for its industrialization due to the dilute nature of the suspensions and the small cell size. Traditional liquidesolid separation processes are not efficient for dewatering of microalgae suspensions. In this study, falling film evaporation was employed for dewatering of microalgae suspension, which is a popular process for concentrating heat sensitive materials. The heat transfer coefficient was as high as 9414.20 W/m2 K with mass flow rate of 0.233 kg/s, DT of 1.21 C, and microalgae concentration of 60 g/L. The falling film evaporation process can be made highly energy efficient if it is coupled with Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) or Thermal Vapor Recompression (TVR) system. Heat and mass transfer characteristics of falling film evaporation of microalgae suspension have been investigated here. This will provide the fundamentals for future feasibility study of utilizing the falling film evaporation in the microalgal industry.

We report on first evidence of wave activity during neutral beam heating in KSTAR plasmas: 40 kHz magnetic fluctuations with a toroidal mode number of n = 1. Our analysis suggests this a beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE) resonant with the q = 1 surface

Natamycin is a type of polyene macrolide antibiotic and has been produced in submerged microbial cultures of some natural Streptomyces strains. Natamycin extraction from cellular biomass is greatly affected by the molecular and solubilization characteristics of the extraction solvent, and this is a major reason for the routine attainment of low volumetric titers, resulting from sparing natamycin solubility. In this work, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the solubility of natamycin in some selected organic solvents in order to assess the influence on natamycin extraction yield. Natamycin showed the highest solubility in 75% aqueous methanol under the conditions of pH 2, 30°C and 1 atm. Furthermore, the extraction of natamycin using 75% aqueous methanol was performed and the highest extraction yield of 45.7% was obtained under pH 2. A mathematical model derived from Fick's law of the biomolecular diffusion process was developed to fit the experimental kinetic data of natamycin extraction.

The use of microalgae for biofuels and other microalgal sourced products has received significant interests in recent years. Dewatering is a major obstruction in industrial-scale processing microalgae suspensions. Basically, the dilute nature of the harvested microalgal cultures leads to a considerable operational cost during dewatering, thereby rendering algae-based products less economically attractive. Evaporation, which is used widely in industry, dominates in concentrating temperature sensitive products processing. In order to explore the possibility of evaporation as a credible option in microalgae suspension dewatering, basic engineering information is needed. In this work, microalgae suspension characteristics and rheological properties have been investigated. Moreover, pool boiling under vacuum has been tested to establish the relevant heat and mass transfer characteristics. The corresponding Nu-Reb correlations have been obtained for the evaporative heat transfer process. It is probably the first time that a study has been focused on microalgae culture dewatering using an evaporation means. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Microalgae, one of the important biofuel producers, have received considerable attention recently. Dewatering is one of the bottlenecks for its industrialization due to the dilute nature of the suspensions and the small cell size. Traditional liquid-solid separation processes are not efficient for dewatering of microalgae suspensions. In this study, falling film evaporation was employed for dewatering of microalgae suspension, which is a popular process for concentrating heat sensitive materials. The heat transfer coefficient was as high as 9414.20 W/m2 K with mass flow rate of 0.233 kg/s, ∆T of 1.21 °C, and microalgae concentration of 60 g/L. The falling film evaporation process can be made highly energy efficient if it is coupled with Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) or Thermal Vapor Recompression (TVR) system. Heat and mass transfer characteristics of falling film evaporation of microalgae suspension have been investigated here. This will provide the fundamentals for future feasibility study of utilizing the falling film evaporation in the microalgal industry.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure signal changes in the brain during a respiratory challenge that elevated blood pressure. Subjects were scanned during a baseline period and during a Valsalva maneuver. Results were compared using fixed-effects analysts with the SPM99 package, and examined once using a boxcar model and once by models generated from changes in cardiac and respiratory signals during the breathing challenge. Models based on physiological measures resulted in greater localization of signal changes., Papers from the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, October 25-28, 2001, held in Istanbul, Turkey. See also ADM001351 for entire conference on cd-rom. The original document contains color images.

In 1975, field observations were made in Beverly Swamp to determine the impact of the construction of a hydro powerline on the groundwater and stream flow regime of the Swamp. Results indicate significant differences between the forested areas and the forest clearings in terms of their hydrologic and hydrochemical characteristics., Bachelor of Arts (BA)