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Contains fulltext : 102698.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associations with object-related sounds presented concurrently. For half of the associations, the related sounds were re-presented during subsequent slow-wave sleep while participants underwent functional MRI. Compared with control sounds, related sounds were associated with increased activation of right parahippocampal cortex. Postsleep memory accuracy was positively correlated with sound-related activation during sleep in various brain regions, including the thalamus, bilateral medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, postsleep memory accuracy was also positively correlated with pre- to postsleep changes in parahippocampal-medial prefrontal connectivity during retrieval of reactivated associations. Our results suggest that the brain is differentially activated by studied and unstudied sounds during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mnemonic consequences of externally triggered reactivation of associative memories.

Contains fulltext : 102698.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associations with object-related sounds presented concurrently. For half of the associations, the related sounds were re-presented during subsequent slow-wave sleep while participants underwent functional MRI. Compared with control sounds, related sounds were associated with increased activation of right parahippocampal cortex. Postsleep memory accuracy was positively correlated with sound-related activation during sleep in various brain regions, including the thalamus, bilateral medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, postsleep memory accuracy was also positively correlated with pre- to postsleep changes in parahippocampal-medial prefrontal connectivity during retrieval of reactivated associations. Our results suggest that the brain is differentially activated by studied and unstudied sounds during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mnemonic consequences of externally triggered reactivation of associative memories.

Spelt (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta) is experiencing a renaissance in Europe and North America, where it is used for baking, brewing, production of pasta, and self-supplied animal feed. One of the characteristics of spelt is that in comparison to modern wheat it is more resistant to harsh climatic and poor soil conditions. In contrast to wheat the hulls remain on the grain after threshing. Drawbacks are that spelt yields are quite low compared to modern wheat. The subject of the current study was to gain information about the composition of soluble sugars and their concentrations in spelt wholemeal and flour. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for analysis. Concentrations of nine free sugars in spelt wholemeal and flour are reported. Flour cumulative free sugar concentrations were 63% lower than in wholemeal. For comparisons, we also analyzed wholemeal of wheat. The cumulative concentration of free sugars was 27% lower than in spelt wholemeal. However, when published data for sugar concentration ranges of wheat are taken into account, the total concentration of free sugar was not different between spelt and modern wheats. Low concentrations of xylose and stachyose were detected in spelt. Higher concentrations of fructans such as 1-kestose and kestotetraose were detected in spelt when compared with wheat. Generally, concentrations of free sugars in spelt were in the range of free sugar levels published for wheat, except for maltose which was higher in spelt.

Item does not contain fulltext, It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associations with object-related sounds presented concurrently. For half of the associations, the related sounds were re-presented during subsequent slow-wave sleep while participants underwent functional MRI. Compared with control sounds, related sounds were associated with increased activation of right parahippocampal cortex. Postsleep memory accuracy was positively correlated with sound-related activation during sleep in various brain regions, including the thalamus, bilateral medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, postsleep memory accuracy was also positively correlated with pre- to postsleep changes in parahippocampal-medial prefrontal connectivity during retrieval of reactivated associations. Our results suggest that the brain is differentially activated by studied and unstudied sounds during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mnemonic consequences of externally triggered reactivation of associative memories.

Contains fulltext : 102698.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associations with object-related sounds presented concurrently. For half of the associations, the related sounds were re-presented during subsequent slow-wave sleep while participants underwent functional MRI. Compared with control sounds, related sounds were associated with increased activation of right parahippocampal cortex. Postsleep memory accuracy was positively correlated with sound-related activation during sleep in various brain regions, including the thalamus, bilateral medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, postsleep memory accuracy was also positively correlated with pre- to postsleep changes in parahippocampal-medial prefrontal connectivity during retrieval of reactivated associations. Our results suggest that the brain is differentially activated by studied and unstudied sounds during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mnemonic consequences of externally triggered reactivation of associative memories.

Item does not contain fulltext, It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associations with object-related sounds presented concurrently. For half of the associations, the related sounds were re-presented during subsequent slow-wave sleep while participants underwent functional MRI. Compared with control sounds, related sounds were associated with increased activation of right parahippocampal cortex. Postsleep memory accuracy was positively correlated with sound-related activation during sleep in various brain regions, including the thalamus, bilateral medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, postsleep memory accuracy was also positively correlated with pre- to postsleep changes in parahippocampal-medial prefrontal connectivity during retrieval of reactivated associations. Our results suggest that the brain is differentially activated by studied and unstudied sounds during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mnemonic consequences of externally triggered reactivation of associative memories.

Item does not contain fulltext, It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associations with object-related sounds presented concurrently. For half of the associations, the related sounds were re-presented during subsequent slow-wave sleep while participants underwent functional MRI. Compared with control sounds, related sounds were associated with increased activation of right parahippocampal cortex. Postsleep memory accuracy was positively correlated with sound-related activation during sleep in various brain regions, including the thalamus, bilateral medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, postsleep memory accuracy was also positively correlated with pre- to postsleep changes in parahippocampal-medial prefrontal connectivity during retrieval of reactivated associations. Our results suggest that the brain is differentially activated by studied and unstudied sounds during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mnemonic consequences of externally triggered reactivation of associative memories.

Contains fulltext : 102698.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associations with object-related sounds presented concurrently. For half of the associations, the related sounds were re-presented during subsequent slow-wave sleep while participants underwent functional MRI. Compared with control sounds, related sounds were associated with increased activation of right parahippocampal cortex. Postsleep memory accuracy was positively correlated with sound-related activation during sleep in various brain regions, including the thalamus, bilateral medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, postsleep memory accuracy was also positively correlated with pre- to postsleep changes in parahippocampal-medial prefrontal connectivity during retrieval of reactivated associations. Our results suggest that the brain is differentially activated by studied and unstudied sounds during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mnemonic consequences of externally triggered reactivation of associative memories.

The c.Euro40 000 000 project, started in 2002, involved development of the sylvinite field at Unterbreizbach, in the German state of Thuringia, and a 25 m high, 1 m diameter underground vertical haulage connection with the Hattorf mine in Hesse, so that the entire 1 500 000 t/a could be transported to Wintershall, also in Hesse, from the beginning of 2005. The project allows the total amount of crude salt hoisted to be reduced at the same time that potash product capacity is increased to 250 000 t/a K2O. The organisational structure and the various logistical aspects of the project are described and the room-and-pillar mining system for the new sylvinite field illustrated., The c.Euro40 000 000 project, started in 2002, involved development of the sylvinite field at Unterbreizbach, in the German state of Thuringia, and a 25 m high, 1 m diameter underground vertical haulage connection with the Hattorf mine in Hesse, so that the entire 1 500 000 t/a could be transported to Wintershall, also in Hesse, from the beginning of 2005. The project allows the total amount of crude salt hoisted to be reduced at the same time that potash product capacity is increased to 250 000 t/a K2O. The organisational structure and the various logistical aspects of the project are described and the room-and-pillar mining system for the new sylvinite field illustrated.

A feasibility study carried out in 2010-2012 indicated that it is technically and commercially feasible to reactivate the Siegfried-Giesen potash and kieserite (magnesium sulphate) reserve mine at Hildesheim, Germany, which produced c. 53 000 000 t between 1905 and 1987, even when advancing environmental legislation is taken into account. The overall findings were confirmed and a project group was commissioned in June 2012 in order to obtain the necessary licences for reactivating the rock-salt works. The required licensing procedures, comprising both regional planning and public works planning, are described as well as the progress of the processing as of June 2013. An investment decision based on the economic and market environment will be taken after the results of the licensing procedures become available. Details are given of the planned underground mine to 1 050 m depth, 27 exploration boreholes in 2014-2015, the plant, ancillary buildings and infrastructure, and the alternative waste disposal concepts for dump construction. The diapiric salt dome contains high-quality rock salt grading more than 11% K2O and 23% kieserite., A feasibility study carried out in 2010-2012 indicated that it is technically and commercially feasible to reactivate the Siegfried-Giesen potash and kieserite (magnesium sulphate) reserve mine at Hildesheim, Germany, which produced c. 53 000 000 t between 1905 and 1987, even when advancing environmental legislation is taken into account. The overall findings were confirmed and a project group was commissioned in June 2012 in order to obtain the necessary licences for reactivating the rock-salt works. The required licensing procedures, comprising both regional planning and public works planning, are described as well as the progress of the processing as of June 2013. An investment decision based on the economic and market environment will be taken after the results of the licensing procedures become available. Details are given of the planned underground mine to 1 050 m depth, 27 exploration boreholes in 2014-2015, the plant, ancillary buildings and infrastructure, and the alternative waste disposal concepts for dump construction. The diapiric salt dome contains high-quality rock salt grading more than 11% K2O and 23% kieserite.