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Hierarchical frameworks - a special class of directed frameworks with a layer-by-layer architecture - can be an effective mechanism to coordinate robot swarms. Their effectiveness was recently demonstrated by the mergeable nervous systems paradigm (Mathews et al. 2017), in which a robot swarm can switch dynamically between distributed and centralized control depending on the task, using self-organized hierarchical frameworks. New theoretical foundations are required to use this paradigm for formation control of large swarms. In particular, the systematic and mathematically analyzable organization and reorganization of hierarchical frameworks in a robot swarm is still an open problem. Although methods for framework construction and formation maintenance via rigidity theory exist in the literature, they do not address cases of hierarchy in a robot swarm. In this article, we extend bearing rigidity to directed topologies and extend the Henneberg constructions to generate self-organized hierarchical frameworks with bearing rigidity. We investigate three-key self-reconfiguration problems: 1) framework merging; 2) robot departure; and 3) framework splitting. We also derive the mathematical conditions of these problems and then develop algorithms that preserve rigidity and hierarchy using only local information. Our approach can be used for formation control generally, as in principle it can be coupled with any control law that makes use of bearing rigidity. To demonstrate and validate our proposed hierarchical frameworks and methods, we apply them to four scenarios of reactive formation control using an example control law., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Accuracy and interpretability of a (non-life) insurance pricing model are essential qualities to ensure fair and transparent premiums for policy-holders, that reflect their risk. In recent years, the classification and regression trees (CARTs) and their ensembles have gained popularity in the actuarial literature, since they offer good prediction performance and are relatively easily interpretable. In this paper, we introduce Bayesian CART models for insurance pricing, with a particular focus on claims frequency modelling. Additionally to the common Poisson and negative binomial (NB) distributions used for claims frequency, we implement Bayesian CART for the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution to address the difficulty arising from the imbalanced insurance claims data. To this end, we introduce a general MCMC algorithm using data augmentation methods for posterior tree exploration. We also introduce the deviance information criterion (DIC) for the tree model selection. The proposed models are able to identify trees which can better classify the policy-holders into risk groups. Some simulations and real insurance data will be discussed to illustrate the applicability of these models., Comment: 46 pages

Deyao Zhang,1,2,* Lanqing Huo,1,3,* Yangxun Pan,1,2,* Zhenyun Yang,1,2,* Huilan Zeng,1,2 Xin Wang,1,2 Jinbin Chen,1,2 Juncheng Wang,1,2 Yaojun Zhang,1,2 Zhongguo Zhou,1,2 Minshan Chen,1,2 Dandan Hu1,2 1Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Minshan Chen; Dandan Hu, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13902241061 ; +86 18676630499, Fax +86 8734-3115 ; +86 8734-3115, Email chenmsh@sysucc.org.cn; hudd@sysucc.org.cnPurpose: To investigate the value of preoperative systemic inflammation response (SIRS) score in predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy.Patients and Methods: The study analyzed 1001 patients with pathologically proven HCC who received curative resection at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 2016 and May 2020. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 751) and a validation cohort (n = 250). Clinicopathological characteristics were collected retrospectively. The SIRS score formula was based on the results of a multivariate cox analysis of hematological inflammation indexes in the training cohort. Then, a nomogram consisting of the SIRS score was constructed and the calibration plot, areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) showed good predictive ability.Results: Univariate and multivariate cox analysis revealed that the SIRS score is an independent prognostic factor for OS i

Zhenyun Yang,1,2,* Deyao Zhang,1,2,* Huilan Zeng,1,2,* Yizhen Fu,1,2 Zili Hu,1,2 Yangxun Pan,1,2 Jinbin Chen,1,2 Juncheng Wang,1,2 Yaojun Zhang,1,2 Zhongguo Zhou,1,2 Li Xu,1,2 Dandan Hu,1,2 Minshan Chen1,2 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dandan Hu; Minshan Chen, Tel +86-20-87343828 ; +86-20-87343117, Fax +86-20-87343585, Email hudd@sysucc.org.cn; chenmsh@sysucc.org.cnPurpose: Inflammatory response is related to tumor progression and patient survival. We aimed to clarify the prognostic value of the inflammation-based scores in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients receiving anti-PD1 therapy.Patients and Methods: A total of 73 patients who received anti-PD-1 therapy from February 2019 to February 2021 were included in the study. Representative inflammation-based prognostic scores, including C-reactive protein (CRP), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), and prognostic index (PI), were assessed for prediction accuracy using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC). All the ten inflammation-based prognostic scores were measured before receiving anti-PD1 therapy.Results: All the ten inflammation-based prognostic scores showed good discriminatory ability in terms of overall survival (OS) (all P < 0.01), the higher the score, the worse the prognosis, while the CRP score was a remarkable indepen

This dissertation develops quantitative approaches to understanding biological phenomena -- arguably the most complex ones around -- with the language and tools of theoretical physics. We attempt to establish the general principles that unify diverse phenomena of the living world, and to capture some of these principles in the form of statistical-mechanical theories. The emphases are put on the analytical (rather than purely numerical) nature of the theories and on their power to generate experimentally testable predictions. The developed theories, being rooted in physics, address a number of biologically significant questions : (1) How can we decode the mechanical fingerprints, or the response to force, of biological macromolecules? (2) How do remote DNA segments find each other in the crowded environment of the cell nucleus to establish genomic interactions? (3) How do viruses infect cells on remarkably short time scales despite high energy barriers? To address the first question, we establish a model-free transformation that decodes the mechanical fingerprints of biomolecular interactions probed in force spectroscopy experiments. The transformation converts the mechanical fingerprints into a form that reveals the activation barriers and timescales of a biological process. As a special but important case, conformational dynamics that proceed via an intermediate state are investigated and captured in the form of a predictive analytical framework. To address the second question, we develop a theoretical approach to V(D)J recombination -- the genetic mechanism that allows the human immune system to respond to millions of different antigens. The theory, applied to 3D trajectories of chromosomal segments in living B lymphocytes, establishes the mechanism by which chromosomal DNA moves around in the cell nucleus. The established mechanism -- fractional Langevin motion -- allows us to predict the first-passage times for genomic interactions. To address the third question

This dissertation develops quantitative approaches to understanding biological phenomena -- arguably the most complex ones around -- with the language and tools of theoretical physics. We attempt to establish the general principles that unify diverse phenomena of the living world, and to capture some of these principles in the form of statistical-mechanical theories. The emphases are put on the analytical (rather than purely numerical) nature of the theories and on their power to generate experimentally testable predictions. The developed theories, being rooted in physics, address a number of biologically significant questions : (1) How can we decode the mechanical fingerprints, or the response to force, of biological macromolecules? (2) How do remote DNA segments find each other in the crowded environment of the cell nucleus to establish genomic interactions? (3) How do viruses infect cells on remarkably short time scales despite high energy barriers? To address the first question, we establish a model-free transformation that decodes the mechanical fingerprints of biomolecular interactions probed in force spectroscopy experiments. The transformation converts the mechanical fingerprints into a form that reveals the activation barriers and timescales of a biological process. As a special but important case, conformational dynamics that proceed via an intermediate state are investigated and captured in the form of a predictive analytical framework. To address the second question, we develop a theoretical approach to V(D)J recombination -- the genetic mechanism that allows the human immune system to respond to millions of different antigens. The theory, applied to 3D trajectories of chromosomal segments in living B lymphocytes, establishes the mechanism by which chromosomal DNA moves around in the cell nucleus. The established mechanism -- fractional Langevin motion -- allows us to predict the first-passage times for genomic interactions. To address the third question

Rapidly increased demands for memory in electronic industry and the significant technical scaling challenges of all conventional memory technologies motivated the researches on the next generation memory technology. As one promising candidate, spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) features fast access time, high density, non-volatility, and good CMOS process compatibility. In recent years, many researches have been conducted to improve the storage density and enhance the scalability of STT-RAM, such as reducing the write current and switching time of magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) devices. In parallel with these efforts, the continuous increasing of tunnel magneto-resistance(TMR) ratio of the MTJ inspires the development of multi-level cell (MLC) STT-RAM, which allows multiple data bits be stored in a single memory cell. Two types of MLC STT-RAM cells, namely, parallel MLC and series MLC, were also proposed. However, like all other nanoscale devices, the performance and reliability of STT-RAM cells are severely affected by process variations, intrinsic device operating uncertainties and environmental fluctuations. The storage margin of a MLC STT-RAM cell, i.e., the distinction between the lowest and highest resistance states, is partitioned into multiple segments for multi-level data representation. As a result, the performance and reliability of MLC STT-RAM cells become more sensitive to the MOS and MTJ device variations and the thermal-induced randomness of MTJ switching. In this work, we systematically analyze the impacts of CMOS and MTJ process variations, MTJ resistance switching randomness that induced by intrinsic thermal fluctuations, and working temperature changes on STT-RAM cell designs. The STT-RAM cell reliability issues in both read and write operations are first investigated. A combined circuit and magnetic simulation platform is then established to quantitatively study the persistent and non-persistent errors in STT-RAM cell operatio

Rapidly increased demands for memory in electronic industry and the significant technical scaling challenges of all conventional memory technologies motivated the researches on the next generation memory technology. As one promising candidate, spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) features fast access time, high density, non-volatility, and good CMOS process compatibility. In recent years, many researches have been conducted to improve the storage density and enhance the scalability of STT-RAM, such as reducing the write current and switching time of magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) devices. In parallel with these efforts, the continuous increasing of tunnel magneto-resistance(TMR) ratio of the MTJ inspires the development of multi-level cell (MLC) STT-RAM, which allows multiple data bits be stored in a single memory cell. Two types of MLC STT-RAM cells, namely, parallel MLC and series MLC, were also proposed. However, like all other nanoscale devices, the performance and reliability of STT-RAM cells are severely affected by process variations, intrinsic device operating uncertainties and environmental fluctuations. The storage margin of a MLC STT-RAM cell, i.e., the distinction between the lowest and highest resistance states, is partitioned into multiple segments for multi-level data representation. As a result, the performance and reliability of MLC STT-RAM cells become more sensitive to the MOS and MTJ device variations and the thermal-induced randomness of MTJ switching. In this work, we systematically analyze the impacts of CMOS and MTJ process variations, MTJ resistance switching randomness that induced by intrinsic thermal fluctuations, and working temperature changes on STT-RAM cell designs. The STT-RAM cell reliability issues in both read and write operations are first investigated. A combined circuit and magnetic simulation platform is then established to quantitatively study the persistent and non-persistent errors in STT-RAM cell operatio

Melanoma can be stratified into unique subtypes based on distinct pathologies. The acral/mucosal melanoma subtype is characterized by aberrant and constitutive activation of the proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase C-KIT, which drives tumorigenesis. Treatment of these melanoma patients with C-KIT inhibitors has proven challenging, prompting us to investigate the downstream effectors of the C-KIT receptor. We determined that C-KIT stimulates MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1/2), which phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and render it oncogenic. Depletion of MNK1/2 in melanoma cells with oncogenic C-KIT inhibited cell migration and mRNA translation of the transcriptional repressor SNAI1 and the cell cycle gene CCNE1. This suggested that blocking MNK1/2 activity may inhibit tumor progression, at least in part, by blocking translation initiation of mRNAs encoding cell migration proteins. Moreover, we developed an MNK1/2 inhibitor (SEL201), and found that SEL201-treated KIT-mutant melanoma cells had lower oncogenicity and reduced metastatic ability. Clinically, tumors from melanoma patients harboring KIT mutations displayed a marked increase in MNK1 and phospho-eIF4E. Thus, our studies indicate that blocking MNK1/2 exerts potent antimelanoma effects and support blocking MNK1/2 as a potential strategy to treat patients positive for KIT mutations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The development of emerging spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) is facing two major technical challenges-poor write reliability and high write energy, both of which are severely impacted by process variations and thermal fluctuations. The evaluations on STT-RAM design metrics and robustness often require a hybrid simulation flow, i.e., modeling the CMOS and magnetic devices with SPICE and macro-magnetic models, respectively. Very often, such a hybrid simulation flow involves expensive Monte Carlo simulations when the design and behavioral variabilities of STT-RAM are taken into account. In this paper, we propose a fast and scalable semi-analytical method-PS3-RAM, enabling efficient statistical simulations in STT-RAM designs. By eliminating the costly macro-magnetic and SPICE simulations, PS3-RAM achieves more than 100 000 × runtime speedup with excellent agreement with the result of conventional simulation method. PS3-RAM can also accurately estimate the STT-RAM write error rate and write energy distributions at both magnetic tunneling junction switching directions under different temperatures, demonstrating great potential in the analysis of STT-RAM reliability and write energy at the early design stage of memory or micro-architecture. © 2014 IEEE.

OBJECTIVES: The study sought to evaluate the clinical impact of angiographic complete (CR) and incomplete (ICR) revascularization and its association with the presence of total occlusions (TO), after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in the "all-comers" SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial. BACKGROUND: In patients with complex coronary artery disease undergoing PCI or CABG, the long-term prognostic implications of CR versus ICR is unsettled. METHODS: In this post hoc study, consisting of randomized (n = 1,800) and nested PCI (n = 198) and CABG (n = 649) registries, 4-year clinical outcomes were compared in groups, with and without angiographic CR, in the PCI and CABG arms. Clinical outcomes were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank comparisons, and Cox regression analyses. Multivariate predictors of ICR were determined. Similar analyses were undertaken in the TO and non-TO treated groups of both study arms. RESULTS: Angiographic CR was achieved in 52.8% of the PCI arm and 66.9% of the CABG arm. Within the PCI and CABG arms, ICR (compared with CR) seemed to be a surrogate marker of a greater burden of anatomical coronary complexity and clinical comorbidity and was associated with significantly higher frequencies of 4-year mortality, all-cause revascularization, stent thrombosis (PCI arm), and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The presence of a TO was the strongest independent predictor of ICR after PCI (hazard ratio: 2.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.98 to 3.67, p < 0.001). Eight hundred and forty patients (PCI: 26.3%, CABG: 36.4%, p < 0.001) were identified to have 1,007 TOs, with 68.1% of TOs located in the proximal-mid coronary vasculature. The findings associating ICR (compared with CR) with higher frequencies of 4-year mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events remained consistent in the TO-treated g

Background The residual Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) Score is an objective measure of the degree and complexity of residual stenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results In the randomized PCI cohort of the SYNTAX Trial (n=903), the baseline and residual SYNTAX Scores were calculated. Subjects with a residual SYNTAX Score of 0 were defined as having undergone complete revascularization (CR), and a residual SYNTAX Score >0 as incomplete revascularization (ICR). Five-year clinical outcomes were stratified by CR and ICR (tertiles of the residual SYNTAX Score: >0-4, >4-8, and >8). In the PCI cohort, the mean baseline and residual SYNTAX Scores were 28.4 +/- 11.5 and 4.5 +/- 6.9, respectively. The mean SYNTAX Score (representative of the burden of disease removed by PCI) was 23.8 +/- 10.9. The residual SYNTAX Score was distributed as follows: CR, 0 (n=386, 42.7%); ICR, >0 to 4 (n=184, 20.4%), >4 to 8 (n=167, 18.5%), >8 (n=153, 16.9%). A progressively higher residual SYNTAX Score was shown to be a surrogate marker of increasing clinical comorbidity and anatomic complexity. Subjects with CR or residual SYNTAX Scores 8 had comparable 5-year mortality (CR, 8.5%; residual SYNTAX Score >0-4, 8.7%; >4-8, 11.4%; P=0.60). A residual SYNTAX Score >8 was associated with 35.3% all-cause mortality at 5-years (P<0.001). Stratified analyses in the predefined medical treated diabetic and left main subgroups yielded similar results. Conclusions The residual SYNTAX Score was shown to be a powerful indicator of 5-year mortality in the SYNTAX Trial. The residual SYNTAX Score may aid in determining a reasonable level of revascularization.

Objectives The aim of this study was to report the short-term and long-term clinical impact of stent thrombosis (ST) and graft occlusion (GO) in the final 5-year outcomes of the SYNTAX (SYNergy Between PCI With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery) trial. Background The clinical effect of newer-generation drug-eluting stents and operative factors in complex coronary artery disease is uncertain. Methods The incidence of 5-year ST and GO, and their association with clinical outcomes, were analyzed in the randomized percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft cohorts. ST and GO were defined by the SYNTAX protocol definitions (clinical presentation with acute coronary syndrome and angiographic/pathological evidence), the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) definition for ST, and the newly devised "ARC-like" definition of GO (i.e., definite, probable, or possible GO). Results At 5 years, 871 of 903 patients (96.5%) in the percutaneous coronary intervention cohort and 805 of 897 patients (89.7%) in the coronary artery bypass graft cohort completed follow-up. As compared with other vessel locations, protocol ST (72 lesions) occurred more frequently in the left main (14 of 72; 19%) and proximal coronary vasculature (37 of 72; 51%) and protocol GO (41 lesions) with grafts anastomosed to the distal right coronary artery (17 of 41; 42%). The incidence of 5-year ARC definite ST and ARC-like definite GO did not significantly differ (7%[n = 48] vs. 6% [n = 32], log rank p = 0.34); landmark analyses indicated significantly increased ARC definite ST within 30 days (3% [n = 19] vs. 1% [n = 6], log rank p = 0.033) but not >30 days to 5 years (4.2% [n = 29] vs. 4.5% [n = 26], log rank p = 0.78). At presentation, ARC definite ST (n = 48) and ARC-like definite GO (n = 32) were adjudicated to be linked to 4 (8%) and 0 deaths, respectively. At 5 years, ARC definite ST (n = 48) and ARC definite/probable ST (n = 75) were associated with 17 (17 of 48, 35.4%; median days to dea

Yaojun Zhang,1,2 Christos V Bourantas,1 Vasim Farooq,1 Takashi Muramatsu,1 Roberto Diletti,1 Yoshinobu Onuma,1 Hector M Garcia-Garcia,1 Patrick W Serruys11Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 2Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of ChinaAbstract: Drug-eluting stents have reduced the risk of in-stent restenosis and have broadened the application in percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary artery disease. However, the concept of using a permanent metallic endovascular device to restore the patency of a stenotic artery has inherited pitfalls, namely the presence of a foreign body within the artery causing vascular inflammation, late complications such as restenosis and stent thrombosis, and impeding the restoration of the physiologic function of the stented segment. Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) were introduced to potentially overcome these limitations, as they provide temporary scaffolding and then disappear, liberating the treated vessel from its cage. Currently, several BRSs are available, undergoing evaluation either in clinical trials or in preclinical settings. The aim of this review is to present the new developments in BRS technology, describe the mechanisms involved in the resorption process, and discuss the potential future prospects of this innovative therapy.Keywords: bioresorbable scaffold, drug-eluting stent, biodegradable, design, mechanism, coronary artery disease

Process variations and thermal fluctuations significantly affect the write reliability of spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM). Traditionally, modeling the impacts of these variations on STT-RAM designs requires expensive Monte-Carlo runs with hybrid magnetic-CMOS simulation steps. In this paper, we propose a fast and scalable semi-analytical simulation method - PS3-RAM, for STT-RAM write reliability analysis. Simulation results show that PS3-RAM offers excellent agreement with the conventional simulation method without running the costly macro-magnetic and SPICE simulations. Our method can accurately estimate the STT-RAM write error rate at both MTJ switching directions under different temperatures while receiving a speedup of multiple orders of magnitude (five order or more). PS3-RAM shows great potentials in the STT-RAM reliability analysis at the early design stage of memory or micro-architecture.

Zhang, Yaojun =, "November 2009.", Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010., Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111)., s in English and Chinese., Zhang, Yaojun =, p.i, Acknowledgement --- p.iv, Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1, Chapter 2 --- Quasi-Normal Modes of Neutron Stars --- p.6, Chapter 2.1 --- Equilibrium State of a Neutron Star --- p.6, Chapter 2.2 --- Fluid Displacement and Metric Perturbation --- p.8, Chapter 2.3 --- Axial Oscillations of Neutron Stars --- p.9, Chapter 2.3.1 --- Wave Equation inside the Star --- p.9, Chapter 2.3.2 --- Wave Equation outside the Star --- p.10, Chapter 2.3.3 --- Location of Quasi-normal Modes --- p.10, Chapter 2.4 --- Polar Oscillations of Neutron Stars - LD Formalism --- p.12, Chapter 2.4.1 --- Equations inside the Star --- p.12, Chapter 2.4.2 --- Equations outside the Star --- p.14, Chapter 2.4.3 --- Location of Quasi-normal Modes --- p.16, Chapter 2.5 --- Polar Oscillations of Neutron Stars - AAKS Formalism --- p.16, Chapter 2.5.1 --- Equations inside the Star --- p.16, Chapter 2.5.2 --- Equations outside the Star --- p.19, Chapter 2.5.3 --- Location of Quasi-normal Modes --- p.19, Chapter 3 --- Decoupling of Spacetime Oscillations and Fluid Motion --- p.21, Chapter 3.1 --- Motivation of Decoupling --- p.21, Chapter 3.2 --- Expressing F in terms of S and H --- p.21, Chapter 3.2.1 --- Inside the Star --- p.22, Chapter 3.2.2 --- Outside the Star --- p.25, Chapter 3.3 --- Constraint-free AAKS Formalism --- p.25, Chapter 3.3.1 --- Equations inside the Star --- p.25, Chapter 3.3.2 --- Equations outside the Star --- p.27, Chapter 3.4 --- Cowling Approximation for Polar p-Mode --- p.29, Chapter 3.4.1 --- Independent Fluid Motion --- p.29, Chapter 3.4.2 --- Location of Polar p-Modes --- p.30, Chapter 3.4.3 --- Numerical Results and Discussion --- p.31, Chapter 3.5 --- Inverse-Cowling approximation for ω-Mode --- p.33, Chapter 3.5.1 --- Independent Spacetime Oscillations --- p.33, Chapter 3.5.2 --- Location of ω-Modes --- p.34, Chapter 3.5.3 --- Numerical Results and Discussion --- p.34, Chapter 4 --- Interplay between Matter and Spacetime --- p.37, Chapter 4.1 --- Physical Insight --- p.37, Chapter 4.2 --- Sturm-Liouville Eigenvalue Problem --- p.39, Chapter 4.3 --- Energy of the Fluid --- p.40, Chapter 4.4 --- Spacetime Oscillation Driven by Fluid Motion --- p.45, Chapter 4.5 --- Damped Oscillation Caused by Radiation of Gravitational Wave --- p.46, Chapter 4.6 --- Calculation of δωn in a Perturbative Way --- p.48, Chapter 4.7 --- Numerical Results and Discussion --- p.49, Chapter 5 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Spacetime Modes --- p.61, Chapter 5.1 --- Motivation --- p.61, Chapter 5.2 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Axial ω-modes for One-Layered Stars --- p.62, Chapter 5.2.1 --- "Asymptotic Form of g(r*,ω)" --- p.63, Chapter 5.2.2 --- "Asymptotic Form of f(r*, ω)" --- p.67, Chapter 5.2.3 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Axial Quasi-Normal Modes --- p.69, Chapter 5.3 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Polar ω-modes for One-Layered Stars --- p.71, Chapter 5.3.1 --- High-Frequency Approximation --- p.71, Chapter 5.3.2 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Polar Quasi-Normal Modes --- p.73, Chapter 5.4 --- Relationship between Axial and Polar ω-Modes --- p.74, Chapter 5.4.1 --- Application 1:ω-Modes of Quark Stars --- p.75, Chapter 5.4.2 --- Application 2:ω-Modes of Polytropic Stars --- p.80, Chapter 5.4.3 --- Application 3: The Influence of Surface Discontinuities --- p.89, Chapter 5.4.4 --- Application 4:ω-Modes of Realistic Neutron Stars --- p.92, Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Outlook --- p.99, Chapter A --- From Einstein Equation to LD Formalism --- p.101, Chapter A.l --- The Linearized Perturbation Equations --- p.101, Chapter A.1.1 --- The Perturbation of the Einstein Tensor --- p.102, Chapter A.1.2 --- The Perturbation of the Energy-momentum Tensor --- p.103, Chapter A.1.3 --- The Perturbed Einstein Equations --- p.104, Chapter A.2 --- Some Symbolic Operation Results --- p.105, Chapter A.3 --- Simplifications --- p.106, http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894290, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished