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Compared to black-box neural networks, logic rules express explicit knowledge, can provide human-understandable explanations for reasoning processes, and have found their wide application in knowledge graphs and other downstream tasks. As extracting rules manually from large knowledge graphs is labour-intensive and often infeasible, automated rule learning has recently attracted significant interest, and a number of approaches to rule learning for knowledge graphs have been proposed. This survey aims to provide a review of approaches and a classification of state-of-the-art systems for learning first-order logic rules over knowledge graphs. A comparative analysis of various approaches to rule learning is conducted based on rule language biases, underlying methods, and evaluation metrics. The approaches we consider include inductive logic programming (ILP)-based, statistical path generalisation, and neuro-symbolic methods. Moreover, we highlight important and promising application scenarios of rule learning, such as rule-based knowledge graph completion, fact checking, and applications in other research areas.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether bright light therapy (BLT) is an effective and safe treatment for manic/depressive symptoms and a preventive measure for recurrent mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: A literature search of major electronic databases was conducted in June 2019, including all published articles up to that date. Two researchers independently selected relevant publications, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality according to the Cochrane criteria. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluated the efficacy of BLT for bipolar depression. A meta-analysis found no significant differences between BLT and placebo for the following outcomes: (i) rates of remission from depressive episodes (risk ratio [RR]: 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 7.64, P = 0.42); (ii) depressive symptom scores (standardized mean difference: −0.25, 95%CI: −0.74 to 0.23, P = 0.30); and (iii) rates of manic switching (RR: 1.00, 95%CI: 0.28 to 3.59, P = 0.26). The sensitivity analysis for studies with low overall indirectness did show a significant antidepressant effect for BLT (RR: 3.09, 95%CI: 1.62 to 5.90, P = 0.006). No RCT investigated the effect of BLT in preventing the recurrence of mood episodes in the euthymic state or in improving manic symptoms in the manic state. No severe adverse events were reported. Conclusion: While a meta-analysis was unable to demonstrate the efficacy of BLT for bipolar depression, a sensitivity analysis did show a significant effect. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the effectiveness of BLT, not only for the depressive state but also for other states, in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether bright light therapy (BLT) is an effective and safe treatment for manic/depressive symptoms and a preventive measure for recurrent mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: A literature search of major electronic databases was conducted in June 2019, including all published articles up to that date. Two researchers independently selected relevant publications, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality according to the Cochrane criteria. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluated the efficacy of BLT for bipolar depression. A meta-analysis found no significant differences between BLT and placebo for the following outcomes: (i) rates of remission from depressive episodes (risk ratio [RR]: 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 7.64, P = 0.42); (ii) depressive symptom scores (standardized mean difference: −0.25, 95%CI: −0.74 to 0.23, P = 0.30); and (iii) rates of manic switching (RR: 1.00, 95%CI: 0.28 to 3.59, P = 0.26). The sensitivity analysis for studies with low overall indirectness did show a significant antidepressant effect for BLT (RR: 3.09, 95%CI: 1.62 to 5.90, P = 0.006). No RCT investigated the effect of BLT in preventing the recurrence of mood episodes in the euthymic state or in improving manic symptoms in the manic state. No severe adverse events were reported. Conclusion: While a meta-analysis was unable to demonstrate the efficacy of BLT for bipolar depression, a sensitivity analysis did show a significant effect. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the effectiveness of BLT, not only for the depressive state but also for other states, in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

In this paper, we compress convolutional neural network (CNN) weights post-training via transform quantization. Previous CNN quantization techniques tend to ignore the joint statistics of weights and activations, producing sub-optimal CNN performance at a given quantization bit-rate, or consider their joint statistics during training only and do not facilitate efficient compression of already trained CNN models. We optimally transform (decorrelate) and quantize the weights post-training using a rate-distortion framework to improve compression at any given quantization bit-rate. Transform quantization unifies quantization and dimensionality reduction (decorrelation) techniques in a single framework to facilitate low bit-rate compression of CNNs and efficient inference in the transform domain. We first introduce a theory of rate and distortion for CNN quantization, and pose optimum quantization as a rate-distortion optimization problem. We then show that this problem can be solved using optimal bit-depth allocation following decorrelation by the optimal End-to-end Learned Transform (ELT) we derive in this paper. Experiments demonstrate that transform quantization advances the state of the art in CNN compression in both retrained and non-retrained quantization scenarios. In particular, we find that transform quantization with retraining is able to compress CNN models such as AlexNet, ResNet and DenseNet to very low bit-rates (1-2 bits)., Comment: To appear in IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell

A hook is a piece of code. It checks user privacy policy before some sensitive operations happen. We propose an automated solution named Prihook for hook placement in the Android Framework. Addressing specific context-aware user privacy concerns, the hook placement in Prihook is personalized. Specifically, we design User Privacy Preference Table (UPPT) to help a user express his privacy concerns. And we leverage machine learning to discover a Potential Method Set (consisting of Sensor Data Access Methods and Sensor Control Methods) from which we can select a particular subset to put hooks. We propose a mapping from words in the UPPT lexicon to methods in the Potential Method Set. With this mapping, Prihook is able to (a) select a specific set of methods; and (b) generate and place hooks automatically. We test Prihook separately on 6 typical UPPTs representing 6 kinds of resource-sensitive UPPTs, and no user privacy violation is found. The experimental results show that the hooks placed by PriHook have small runtime overhead.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2016, no. 4, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.p009.491, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

U ovom se istraživanju predstavlja novi projekt samobalansirajućeg robota na dva kotača - two wheeled self-balancing robot (TWSR). Robot je nazvan two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle-pendulum system (TWSVPS). U usporedbi s TWSR, TWSVPS ima jedno klatno (single pendulum (SP)) koje je pasivno spojeno s tijelom robota preko O1 osovine. Teškoća i složenost upravljanja te modeliranje povećani su zbog dodatnog stupnja slobode - degree of freedom (DOF) s klatnom koje rotira oko osovine O1. Zbog jednostavnije analize, TWSVPS se može smatrati vozilom s pokretnim dvostruko obrnutim klatnom. Zbog svoje relativne jednostavnosti, za izvođenje dinamike sustava primijenjena je Lagrangeova dinamička formulacija. Paralelni dvostruki fuzzy upravljač zasnovan na informacijskoj tehnologiji fuzije projektiran je i simuliran u MATLAB-u. Rezultati pokazuju da je metoda izvediva i TWSVPS je izvanredno stabilan u kretanju. Novo razvijena konfiguracija je od velike važnosti u raznim primjenama uključujući samo-balansirajuće robote, kolica za bolesnike na dva kotača, analizu stabilnosti višezglobnih sustava itd., A novel design of the two-wheeled self-balancing robot (TWSR) was presented in this research. The robot was called two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle-pendulum system (TWSVPS). Compared with TWSR, the TWSVPS has a single pendulum (SP), which was passively jointed to the robot body through the O1 axis. The difficulty and complexity of control and modelling were increased due to the additional degree of freedom (DOF) which was offered by the SP rotated around the O1 axis. To simplify the analysis, the TWSVPS can be considered to be the mobile double inverted pendulum. Lagrangian dynamic formulation is used to derive the system dynamics due to its relative simplicity. The parallel double fuzzy controller based on information fusion technology was designed and simulated in MATLAB. The results show that the method is feasible and TWSVPS has excellent moving stability. The new developed configuration is of great importance in various applications including self-balance robots, wheelchairs on two wheels, stability analysis of multi links system etc.

In view of the study on swelling deformation analysis method of protected seam during the mining process of protective seam, the analysis method of “four invariant points around area” is put forward for the first time. The method determines the swelling deformation of protected seam and analyzes it from the perspective of plane by analyzing the variability of “four invariant points around area” of protected seam before and after the mining of protective seam. Monitoring scheme and area analysis and calculation method are respectively designed applied in coal mine and laboratory; the monitor of “four invariant points around area” has been realized in the mining practice by arranging two measuring lines in the roof and floor of protected seam. The study scheme is designed to analyze the swelling deformation of the protected seam by the application of “four invariant points around area” in the engineering practice; the theoretical calculation method of irregular “four invariant points around area” after swelling deformation of the protected seam is put forward under laboratory conditions based on the Freeman boundary encode vector and measuring the length of quadrilateral side directly with the vernier caliper.; the reasonable scale of the "four invariant points around area" is discussed, it is suggested that different “four invariant points around area” should be established with different scale of 1 times, 1/2 times, 1/4 times and 1/8 times thickness of coal seam. The study shows that the method of “four invariant points around area” of swelling deformation is more accurate than the analysis method of “two fixed-point”; the more cells are divided at 1 times of the thickness of coal seam, the higher the accuracy of calculation is.

In view of the study on swelling deformation analysis method of protected seam during the mining process of protective seam, the analysis method of “four invariant points around area” is put forward for the first time. The method determines the swelling deformation of protected seam and analyzes it from the perspective of plane by analyzing the variability of “four invariant points around area” of protected seam before and after the mining of protective seam. Monitoring scheme and area analysis and calculation method are respectively designed applied in coal mine and laboratory; the monitor of “four invariant points around area” has been realized in the mining practice by arranging two measuring lines in the roof and floor of protected seam. The study scheme is designed to analyze the swelling deformation of the protected seam by the application of “four invariant points around area” in the engineering practice; the theoretical calculation method of irregular “four invariant points around area” after swelling deformation of the protected seam is put forward under laboratory conditions based on the Freeman boundary encode vector and measuring the length of quadrilateral side directly with the vernier caliper.; the reasonable scale of the "four invariant points around area" is discussed, it is suggested that different “four invariant points around area” should be established with different scale of 1 times, 1/2 times, 1/4 times and 1/8 times thickness of coal seam. The study shows that the method of “four invariant points around area” of swelling deformation is more accurate than the analysis method of “two fixed-point”; the more cells are divided at 1 times of the thickness of coal seam, the higher the accuracy of calculation is.

In view of the study on swelling deformation analysis method of protected seam during the mining process of protective seam, the analysis method of “four invariant points around area” is put forward for the first time. The method determines the swelling deformation of protected seam and analyzes it from the perspective of plane by analyzing the variability of “four invariant points around area” of protected seam before and after the mining of protective seam. Monitoring scheme and area analysis and calculation method are respectively designed applied in coal mine and laboratory; the monitor of “four invariant points around area” has been realized in the mining practice by arranging two measuring lines in the roof and floor of protected seam. The study scheme is designed to analyze the swelling deformation of the protected seam by the application of “four invariant points around area” in the engineering practice; the theoretical calculation method of irregular “four invariant points around area” after swelling deformation of the protected seam is put forward under laboratory conditions based on the Freeman boundary encode vector and measuring the length of quadrilateral side directly with the vernier caliper.; the reasonable scale of the "four invariant points around area" is discussed, it is suggested that different “four invariant points around area” should be established with different scale of 1 times, 1/2 times, 1/4 times and 1/8 times thickness of coal seam. The study shows that the method of “four invariant points around area” of swelling deformation is more accurate than the analysis method of “two fixed-point”; the more cells are divided at 1 times of the thickness of coal seam, the higher the accuracy of calculation is.

In order to enhance oral bioavailability and liver targeting delivery of silybin, two amphiphilic hyaluronic acid derivatives, hyaluronic acid-deoxycholic acid (HA-adh-DOCA) and hyaluronic acid-glycyrrhetinic acid (HA-adh-GA) conjugates, were designed and synthesized. Silybin was successfully loaded in HA-adh-DOCA and HA-adh-GA micelles with high drug-loading capacities (20.3% ± 0.5% and 20.6% ± 0.6%, respectively). The silybin-loaded micelles were spherical in shape with the average size around 130 nm. In vitro release study showed that two silybin-loaded micelles displayed similar steady continued-release pattern in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and PBS. Single-pass intestinal perfusion studies indicated that silybin-loaded micelles were absorbed in the whole intestine and transported via a passive diffusion mechanism. Compared with suspension formulation, silybin-loaded HA-adh-DOCA and HA-adh-GA micelles achieved significantly higher AUC and Cmax level. Moreover, liver targeting drug delivery of micelles was confirmed by in vivo imaging analysis. In comparison between the two micellar formulations, HA-adh-GA micelles possessed higher targeting capacity than HA-adh-DOCA micelles, owing to the active hepatic targeting properties of glycyrrhetinic acid. In the treatment of acute liver injury induced by CCl4, silybin-loaded HA-adh-GA micelles displayed better effects over suspension control and silybin-loaded HA-adh-DOCA micelles. Overall, pharmaceutical and pharmacological indicators suggested that the HA-adh-GA conjugates can be successfully utilized for liver targeting of orally administered therapeutics.

In order to enhance oral bioavailability and liver targeting delivery of silybin, two amphiphilic hyaluronic acid derivatives, hyaluronic acid-deoxycholic acid (HA-adh-DOCA) and hyaluronic acid-glycyrrhetinic acid (HA-adh-GA) conjugates, were designed and synthesized. Silybin was successfully loaded in HA-adh-DOCA and HA-adh-GA micelles with high drug-loading capacities (20.3% ± 0.5% and 20.6% ± 0.6%, respectively). The silybin-loaded micelles were spherical in shape with the average size around 130 nm. In vitro release study showed that two silybin-loaded micelles displayed similar steady continued-release pattern in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and PBS. Single-pass intestinal perfusion studies indicated that silybin-loaded micelles were absorbed in the whole intestine and transported via a passive diffusion mechanism. Compared with suspension formulation, silybin-loaded HA-adh-DOCA and HA-adh-GA micelles achieved significantly higher AUC and Cmax level. Moreover, liver targeting drug delivery of micelles was confirmed by in vivo imaging analysis. In comparison between the two micellar formulations, HA-adh-GA micelles possessed higher targeting capacity than HA-adh-DOCA micelles, owing to the active hepatic targeting properties of glycyrrhetinic acid. In the treatment of acute liver injury induced by CCl4, silybin-loaded HA-adh-GA micelles displayed better effects over suspension control and silybin-loaded HA-adh-DOCA micelles. Overall, pharmaceutical and pharmacological indicators suggested that the HA-adh-GA conjugates can be successfully utilized for liver targeting of orally administered therapeutics.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; HarvestChoice; Assessment of the role of irrigation for climate change adaptation in Africa, EPTD

This paper presents a simple method that computes test case coverage information from information on what files were updated to fix a fault found by the test case. It uses a cache to monitor fault-prone files and recommends test cases to rerun to cover updated files. We present an evaluation of the method during two months of development of a large, industrial, embedded, real-time software system. Our results show that the method is effective, reaching weekly cache hit rates in the range 50-80%.