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1. The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

Author: Collaboration, GRAVITY+, Abuter, Roberto, Alarcon, Patricio, Allouche, Fatme, Amorim, Antonio, Bailet, Christophe, Bedigan, Helen, Berdeu, Anthony, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Berio, Philippe, Bigioli, Azzurra, Blaho, Richard, Boebion, Olivier, Bolzer, Marie-Lena, Bonnet, Henri, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Cardenas, Cesar, Conzelmann, Ralf, Comin, Mauro, Clénet, Yann, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Dallilar, Yigit, Davies, Ric, Defrère, Denis, Delboulbé, Alain, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, de Zeeuw, Tim, Drescher, Antonia, Eckart, Andreas, Édouard, Clemence, Eisenhauer, Frank, Fabricius, Maximilian, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Finger, Gert, Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster, Fuenteseca, Eloy, Garcia, Enrique, Garcia, Paulo, Gao, Feng, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gil, Juan Pablo, Gillessen, Stefan, Gomes, Tiago, Gonté, Frédéric, Gouvret, Carole, Guajardo, Patricia, Guidolin, Ivan, Guieu, Sylvain, Guzmann, Ronald, Hackenberg, Wolfgang, Haddad, Nicolas, Hartl, Michael, Haubois, Xavier, Haußmann, Frank, Heißel, Gernot, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Hönig, Sebastian, Horrobin, Matthew, Hubin, Norbert, Jacqmart, Estelle, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kervella, Pierre, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, Kolb, Johan, Korhonen, Heidi, Kreidberg, Laura, Krempl, Peter, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lagarde, Stephane, Lai, Olivier, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Laugier, Romain, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Leftley, James, Léna, Pierre, Lewis, Steffan, Lutz, Dieter, Magnard, Yves, Mang, Felix, Marcotto, Aurelie, Maurel, Didier, Mérand, Antoine, Millour, Florentin, More, Nikhil, Nowack, Hugo, Nowak, Matthias, Oberti, Sylvain, Olivares, Francisco, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Paumard, Thibaut, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Petrov, Romain, Pfuhl, Oliver, Pourré, Nicolas, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Rochat, Sylvain, Salman, Muhammad, Scherbarth, Malte, Schöller, Markus, Schubert, Joseph, Schuhler, Nicolas, Shangguan, Jinyi, Shchekaturov, Pavel, Shimizu, Taro, Scheithauer, Silvia, Sevin, Arnaud, Soenke, Christian, Soulez, Ferreol, Spang, Alain, Stadler, Eric, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Sykes, Calvin, Tacconi, Linda, Tischer, Helmut, Tristram, Konrad, Vincent, Frédéric, von Fellenberg, Sebastiano, Uysal, Sinem, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiezorrek, Erich, Woillez, Julien, Yazıcı, Şenol, Zins, Gérard, Collaboration, GRAVITY+, Abuter, Roberto, Alarcon, Patricio, Allouche, Fatme, Amorim, Antonio, Bailet, Christophe, Bedigan, Helen, Berdeu, Anthony, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Berio, Philippe, Bigioli, Azzurra, Blaho, Richard, Boebion, Olivier, Bolzer, Marie-Lena, Bonnet, Henri, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Cardenas, Cesar, Conzelmann, Ralf, Comin, Mauro, Clénet, Yann, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Dallilar, Yigit, Davies, Ric, Defrère, Denis, Delboulbé, Alain, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, de Zeeuw, Tim, Drescher, Antonia, Eckart, Andreas, Édouard, Clemence, Eisenhauer, Frank, Fabricius, Maximilian, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Finger, Gert, Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster, Fuenteseca, Eloy, Garcia, Enrique, Garcia, Paulo, Gao, Feng, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gil, Juan Pablo, Gillessen, Stefan, Gomes, Tiago, Gonté, Frédéric, Gouvret, Carole, Guajardo, Patricia, Guidolin, Ivan, Guieu, Sylvain, Guzmann, Ronald, Hackenberg, Wolfgang, Haddad, Nicolas, Hartl, Michael, Haubois, Xavier, Haußmann, Frank, Heißel, Gernot, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Hönig, Sebastian, Horrobin, Matthew, Hubin, Norbert, Jacqmart, Estelle, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kervella, Pierre, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, Kolb, Johan, Korhonen, Heidi, Kreidberg, Laura, Krempl, Peter, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lagarde, Stephane, Lai, Olivier, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Laugier, Romain, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Leftley, James, Léna, Pierre, Lewis, Steffan, Lutz, Dieter, Magnard, Yves, Mang, Felix, Marcotto, Aurelie, Maurel, Didier, Mérand, Antoine, Millour, Florentin, More, Nikhil, Nowack, Hugo, Nowak, Matthias, Oberti, Sylvain, Olivares, Francisco, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Paumard, Thibaut, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Petrov, Romain, Pfuhl, Oliver, Pourré, Nicolas, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Rochat, Sylvain, Salman, Muhammad, Scherbarth, Malte, Schöller, Markus, Schubert, Joseph, Schuhler, Nicolas, Shangguan, Jinyi, Shchekaturov, Pavel, Shimizu, Taro, Scheithauer, Silvia, Sevin, Arnaud, Soenke, Christian, Soulez, Ferreol, Spang, Alain, Stadler, Eric, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Sykes, Calvin, Tacconi, Linda, Tischer, Helmut, Tristram, Konrad, Vincent, Frédéric, von Fellenberg, Sebastiano, Uysal, Sinem, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiezorrek, Erich, Woillez, Julien, Yazıcı, Şenol, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+, these limits will be pushed even further, with vastly improved sky coverage, as well as faint-science and high-contrast capabilities. This upgrade includes the implementation of wide-field off-axis fringe-tracking, new adaptive optics systems on all Unit Telescopes, and laser guide stars in an upgraded facility. GRAVITY+ will open up the sky to the measurement of black hole masses across cosmic time in hundreds of active galactic nuclei, use the faint stars in the Galactic centre to probe General Relativity, and enable the characterisation of dozens of young exoplanets to study their formation, bearing the promise of another scientific revolution to come at the VLTI., Comment: Published in the ESO Messenger
Published: 2023
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2. Infrared wavefront sensing for adaptive optics assisted Galactic Center observations with the VLT interferometer and GRAVITY: operation and results

Author: Hippler, Stefan, Brandner, Wolfgang, Scheithauer, Silvia, Kulas, Martin, Panduro, Johana, Bizenberger, Peter, Bonnet, Henry, Deen, Casey, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Eisenhauer, Frank, Finger, Gert, Hubert, Zoltan, Kolb, Johann, Müller, Eric, Pallanca, Laurent, Woillez, Julien, Zins, Gérard, Collaboration, GRAVITY, Hippler, Stefan, Brandner, Wolfgang, Scheithauer, Silvia, Kulas, Martin, Panduro, Johana, Bizenberger, Peter, Bonnet, Henry, Deen, Casey, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Eisenhauer, Frank, Finger, Gert, Hubert, Zoltan, Kolb, Johann, Müller, Eric, Pallanca, Laurent, Woillez, Julien, Zins, Gérard, and Collaboration, GRAVITY
Abstract: This article describes the operation of the near-infrared wavefront sensing based Adaptive Optics (AO) system CIAO. The Coud\'e Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO) system is a central auxiliary component of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) interferometer (VLTI). It enables in particular the observations of the Galactic Center (GC) using the GRAVITY instrument. GRAVITY is a highly specialized beam combiner, a device that coherently combines the light of the four 8-m telescopes and finally records interferometric measurements in the K-band on 6 baselines simultaneously. CIAO compensates for phase disturbances caused by atmospheric turbulence, which all four 8 m Unit Telescopes (UT) experience during observation. Each of the four CIAO units generates an almost diffraction-limited image quality at its UT, which ensures that maximum flux of the observed stellar object enters the fibers of the GRAVITY beam combiner. We present CIAO performance data obtained in the first 3 years of operation as a function of weather conditions. We describe how CIAO is configured and used for observations with GRAVITY. In addition, we focus on the outstanding features of the near-infrared sensitive Saphira detector, which is used for the first time on Paranal, and show how it works as a wavefront sensor detector., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Instruments (open access journal from mdpi)
Published: 2020

3. Infrared wavefront sensing for adaptive optics assisted Galactic Center observations with the VLT interferometer and GRAVITY: operation and results

Author: Hippler, Stefan, Brandner, Wolfgang, Scheithauer, Silvia, Kulas, Martin, Panduro, Johana, Bizenberger, Peter, Bonnet, Henry, Deen, Casey, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Eisenhauer, Frank, Finger, Gert, Hubert, Zoltan, Kolb, Johann, Müller, Eric, Pallanca, Laurent, Woillez, Julien, Zins, Gérard, Collaboration, GRAVITY, Hippler, Stefan, Brandner, Wolfgang, Scheithauer, Silvia, Kulas, Martin, Panduro, Johana, Bizenberger, Peter, Bonnet, Henry, Deen, Casey, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Eisenhauer, Frank, Finger, Gert, Hubert, Zoltan, Kolb, Johann, Müller, Eric, Pallanca, Laurent, Woillez, Julien, Zins, Gérard, and Collaboration, GRAVITY
Abstract: This article describes the operation of the near-infrared wavefront sensing based Adaptive Optics (AO) system CIAO. The Coud\'e Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO) system is a central auxiliary component of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) interferometer (VLTI). It enables in particular the observations of the Galactic Center (GC) using the GRAVITY instrument. GRAVITY is a highly specialized beam combiner, a device that coherently combines the light of the four 8-m telescopes and finally records interferometric measurements in the K-band on 6 baselines simultaneously. CIAO compensates for phase disturbances caused by atmospheric turbulence, which all four 8 m Unit Telescopes (UT) experience during observation. Each of the four CIAO units generates an almost diffraction-limited image quality at its UT, which ensures that maximum flux of the observed stellar object enters the fibers of the GRAVITY beam combiner. We present CIAO performance data obtained in the first 3 years of operation as a function of weather conditions. We describe how CIAO is configured and used for observations with GRAVITY. In addition, we focus on the outstanding features of the near-infrared sensitive Saphira detector, which is used for the first time on Paranal, and show how it works as a wavefront sensor detector., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Instruments (open access journal from mdpi)
Published: 2020

4. Multiple Star Systems in the Orion Nebula

Author: GRAVITY collaboration, Karl, Martina, Pfuhl, Oliver, Eisenhauer, Frank, Genzel, Reinhard, Grellmann, Rebekka, Habibi, Maryam, Abuter, Roberto, Accardo, Matteo, Amorim, António, Anugu, Narsireddy, Ávila, Gerardo, Benisty, Myriam, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Bland, Nicolas, Bonnet, Henri, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Brast, Roland, Buron, Alexander, Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Chapron, Frédéric, Clénet, Yann, Collin, Claude, Foresto, Vincent Coudé du, de Wit, Willem-Jan, de Zeeuw, Tim, Deen, Casey, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, Derie, Frédéric, Dexter, Jason, Duvert, Gilles, Ebert, Monica, Eckart, Andreas, Esselborn, Michael, Fédou, Pierre, Finger, Gert, Garcia, Paulo, Dabo, Cesar Enrique Garcia, Lopez, Rebeca Garcia, Gao, Feng, Gandron, Éric, Gillessen, Stefan, Gonté, Frédéric, Gordo, Paulo, Grözinger, Ulrich, Guajardo, Patricia, Guieu, Sylvain, Haguenauer, Pierre, Hans, Oliver, Haubois, Xavier, Haug, Marcus, Haußmann, Frank, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Horrobin, Matthew, Huber, Armin, Hubert, Zoltan, Hubin, Norbert, Hummel, Christian A., Jakob, Gerd, Jochum, Lieselotte, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kellner, Stefan, Kandrew, Sarah, Kern, Lothar, Kervella, Pierre, Kiekebusch, Mario, Klein, Ralf, Köhler, Rainer, Kolb, Johan, Kulas, Martin, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Lazareff, Bernard, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Léna, Pierre, Lenzen, Rainer, Lévêque, Samuel, Lin, Chien-Cheng, Lippa, Magdalena, Magnard, Yves, Mehrgan, Leander, Mérand, Antoine, Moulin, Thibaut, Müller, Eric, Müller, Friedrich, Neumann, Udo, Oberti, Sylvain, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Panduro, Johana, Pasquini, Luca, Paumard, Thibaut, Percheron, Isabelle, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Pflüger, Andreas, Duc, Thanh Phan, Plewa, Philipp M., Popovic, Dan, Rabien, Sebastian, Ramírez, Andrés, Ramos, Jose, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Rodríguez-Coira, Gustavo, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Rosales, Alejandra, Rousset, Gérard, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schöller, Markus, Schuhler, Nicolas, Spyromilio, Jason, Straub, Odele, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Suarez, Marcos, Tristram, Konrad R. W., Ventura, Noel, Vincent, Frédéric, Waisberg, Idel, Wank, Imke, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiest, Michael, Wiezorrek, Erich, Wittkowski, Markus, Woillez, Julien, Wolff, Burkhard, Yazici, Senol, Ziegler, Denis, Zins, Gérard, GRAVITY collaboration, Karl, Martina, Pfuhl, Oliver, Eisenhauer, Frank, Genzel, Reinhard, Grellmann, Rebekka, Habibi, Maryam, Abuter, Roberto, Accardo, Matteo, Amorim, António, Anugu, Narsireddy, Ávila, Gerardo, Benisty, Myriam, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Bland, Nicolas, Bonnet, Henri, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Brast, Roland, Buron, Alexander, Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Chapron, Frédéric, Clénet, Yann, Collin, Claude, Foresto, Vincent Coudé du, de Wit, Willem-Jan, de Zeeuw, Tim, Deen, Casey, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, Derie, Frédéric, Dexter, Jason, Duvert, Gilles, Ebert, Monica, Eckart, Andreas, Esselborn, Michael, Fédou, Pierre, Finger, Gert, Garcia, Paulo, Dabo, Cesar Enrique Garcia, Lopez, Rebeca Garcia, Gao, Feng, Gandron, Éric, Gillessen, Stefan, Gonté, Frédéric, Gordo, Paulo, Grözinger, Ulrich, Guajardo, Patricia, Guieu, Sylvain, Haguenauer, Pierre, Hans, Oliver, Haubois, Xavier, Haug, Marcus, Haußmann, Frank, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Horrobin, Matthew, Huber, Armin, Hubert, Zoltan, Hubin, Norbert, Hummel, Christian A., Jakob, Gerd, Jochum, Lieselotte, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kellner, Stefan, Kandrew, Sarah, Kern, Lothar, Kervella, Pierre, Kiekebusch, Mario, Klein, Ralf, Köhler, Rainer, Kolb, Johan, Kulas, Martin, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Lazareff, Bernard, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Léna, Pierre, Lenzen, Rainer, Lévêque, Samuel, Lin, Chien-Cheng, Lippa, Magdalena, Magnard, Yves, Mehrgan, Leander, Mérand, Antoine, Moulin, Thibaut, Müller, Eric, Müller, Friedrich, Neumann, Udo, Oberti, Sylvain, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Panduro, Johana, Pasquini, Luca, Paumard, Thibaut, Percheron, Isabelle, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Pflüger, Andreas, Duc, Thanh Phan, Plewa, Philipp M., Popovic, Dan, Rabien, Sebastian, Ramírez, Andrés, Ramos, Jose, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Rodríguez-Coira, Gustavo, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Rosales, Alejandra, Rousset, Gérard, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schöller, Markus, Schuhler, Nicolas, Spyromilio, Jason, Straub, Odele, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Suarez, Marcos, Tristram, Konrad R. W., Ventura, Noel, Vincent, Frédéric, Waisberg, Idel, Wank, Imke, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiest, Michael, Wiezorrek, Erich, Wittkowski, Markus, Woillez, Julien, Wolff, Burkhard, Yazici, Senol, Ziegler, Denis, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: This work presents an interferometric study of the massive-binary fraction in the Orion Trapezium Cluster with the recently comissioned GRAVITY instrument. We observe a total of 16 stars of mainly OB spectral type. We find three previously unknown companions for $\theta ^1$ Ori B, $\theta ^2$ Ori B, and $\theta ^2$ Ori C. We determine a separation for the previously suspected companion of NU Ori. We confirm four companions for $\theta ^1$ Ori A, $\theta ^1$ Ori C, $\theta ^1$ Ori D, and $\theta ^2$ Ori A, all with substantially improved astrometry and photometric mass estimates. We refine the orbit of the eccentric high-mass binary $\theta ^1$ Ori C and we are able to derive a new orbit for $\theta ^1$ Ori D. We find a system mass of 21.7 $M_{\odot}$ and a period of $53$ days. Together with other previously detected companions seen in spectroscopy or direct imaging, eleven of the 16 high-mass stars are multiple systems. We obtain a total number of 22 companions with separations up to 600 AU. The companion fraction of the early B and O stars in our sample is about 2, significantly higher than in earlier studies of mostly OB associations. The separation distribution hints towards a bimodality. Such a bimodality has been previously found in A stars, but rarely in OB binaries, which up to this point have been assumed to be mostly compact with a tail of wider companions. We also do not find a substantial population of equal-mass binaries. The observed distribution of mass ratios declines steeply with mass, and like the direct star counts, indicates that our companions follow a standard power law initial mass function. Again, this is in contrast to earlier findings of flat mass ratio distributions in OB associations. We exclude collision as a dominant formation mechanism but find no clear preference for core accretion or competitive accretion., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2018
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5. The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: overview, operation, simulation

Author: Davies, Richard, Alves, João, Clénet, Yann, Lang-Bardl, Florian, Nicklas, Harald, Pott, Jörg-Uwe, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Tolstoy, Eline, Amico, Paola, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, Barboza, Santiago, Barl, Lothar, Baudoz, Pierre, Bender, Ralf, Bezawada, Naidu, Bizenberger, Peter, Boland, Wilfried, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Borgo, Bruno, Buey, Tristan, Chapron, Frédéric, Chemla, Fanny, Cohen, Mathieu, Czoske, Oliver, Deo, Vincent, Disseau, Karen, Dreizler, Stefan, Dupuis, Olivier, Fabricius, Maximilian, Falomo, Renato, Fedou, Pierre, Schreiber, Natascha Foerster, Garrel, Vincent, Geis, Norbert, Gemperlein, Hans, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gillessen, Stefan, Glück, Martin, Grupp, Frank, Hartl, Michael, Häuser, Marco, Hess, Hans-Joachim, Hofferbert, Ralf, Hopp, Ulrich, Hörmann, Veronika, Hubert, Zoltan, Huby, Elsa, Huet, Jean-Michel, Hutterer, Victoria, Ives, Derek, Janssen, Annemieke, Jellema, Willem, Kausch, Wolfgang, Kerber, Florian, Kravcar, Helmut, Ruyet, Bertrand Le, Leschinski, Kieran, Mandla, Christopher, Manhart, Markus, Massari, Davide, Mei, Simona, Merlin, Frédéric, Mohr, Lars, Monna, Anna, Muench, Norbert, Mueller, Friedrich, Musters, Gert, Navarro, Ramon, Neumann, Udo, Neumayer, Nadine, Niebsch, Jenny, Plattner, Markus, Przybilla, Norbert, Rabien, Sebastian, Ramlau, Ronny, Ramos, José, Ramsay, Suzanne, Rhode, Petra, Richter, Amon, Richter, Josef, Rix, Hans-Walter, Rodeghiero, Gabriele, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Rosensteiner, Matthias, Rousset, Gérard, Schlichter, Jörg, Schubert, Josef, Sevin, Arnaud, Stuik, Remko, Sturm, Eckhard, Thomas, Jens, Tromp, Niels, Kleijn, Gijs Verdoes, Vidal, Fabrice, Wagner, Roland, Wegner, Michael, Zeilinger, Werner, Ziegleder, Julian, Ziegler, Bodo, Zins, Gérard, Davies, Richard, Alves, João, Clénet, Yann, Lang-Bardl, Florian, Nicklas, Harald, Pott, Jörg-Uwe, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Tolstoy, Eline, Amico, Paola, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, Barboza, Santiago, Barl, Lothar, Baudoz, Pierre, Bender, Ralf, Bezawada, Naidu, Bizenberger, Peter, Boland, Wilfried, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Borgo, Bruno, Buey, Tristan, Chapron, Frédéric, Chemla, Fanny, Cohen, Mathieu, Czoske, Oliver, Deo, Vincent, Disseau, Karen, Dreizler, Stefan, Dupuis, Olivier, Fabricius, Maximilian, Falomo, Renato, Fedou, Pierre, Schreiber, Natascha Foerster, Garrel, Vincent, Geis, Norbert, Gemperlein, Hans, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gillessen, Stefan, Glück, Martin, Grupp, Frank, Hartl, Michael, Häuser, Marco, Hess, Hans-Joachim, Hofferbert, Ralf, Hopp, Ulrich, Hörmann, Veronika, Hubert, Zoltan, Huby, Elsa, Huet, Jean-Michel, Hutterer, Victoria, Ives, Derek, Janssen, Annemieke, Jellema, Willem, Kausch, Wolfgang, Kerber, Florian, Kravcar, Helmut, Ruyet, Bertrand Le, Leschinski, Kieran, Mandla, Christopher, Manhart, Markus, Massari, Davide, Mei, Simona, Merlin, Frédéric, Mohr, Lars, Monna, Anna, Muench, Norbert, Mueller, Friedrich, Musters, Gert, Navarro, Ramon, Neumann, Udo, Neumayer, Nadine, Niebsch, Jenny, Plattner, Markus, Przybilla, Norbert, Rabien, Sebastian, Ramlau, Ronny, Ramos, José, Ramsay, Suzanne, Rhode, Petra, Richter, Amon, Richter, Josef, Rix, Hans-Walter, Rodeghiero, Gabriele, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Rosensteiner, Matthias, Rousset, Gérard, Schlichter, Jörg, Schubert, Josef, Sevin, Arnaud, Stuik, Remko, Sturm, Eckhard, Thomas, Jens, Tromp, Niels, Kleijn, Gijs Verdoes, Vidal, Fabrice, Wagner, Roland, Wegner, Michael, Zeilinger, Werner, Ziegleder, Julian, Ziegler, Bodo, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: MICADO will enable the ELT to perform diffraction limited near-infrared observations at first light. The instrument's capabilities focus on imaging (including astrometric and high contrast) as well as single object spectroscopy. This contribution looks at how requirements from the observing modes have driven the instrument design and functionality. Using examples from specific science cases, and making use of the data simulation tool, an outline is presented of what we can expect the instrument to achieve., Comment: Proc SPIE 10702. SPIE's copyright notice: "Copyright 2018 Society of PhotoOptical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited."
Published: 2018

6. Multiple Star Systems in the Orion Nebula

Author: GRAVITY collaboration, Karl, Martina, Pfuhl, Oliver, Eisenhauer, Frank, Genzel, Reinhard, Grellmann, Rebekka, Habibi, Maryam, Abuter, Roberto, Accardo, Matteo, Amorim, António, Anugu, Narsireddy, Ávila, Gerardo, Benisty, Myriam, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Bland, Nicolas, Bonnet, Henri, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Brast, Roland, Buron, Alexander, Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Chapron, Frédéric, Clénet, Yann, Collin, Claude, Foresto, Vincent Coudé du, de Wit, Willem-Jan, de Zeeuw, Tim, Deen, Casey, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, Derie, Frédéric, Dexter, Jason, Duvert, Gilles, Ebert, Monica, Eckart, Andreas, Esselborn, Michael, Fédou, Pierre, Finger, Gert, Garcia, Paulo, Dabo, Cesar Enrique Garcia, Lopez, Rebeca Garcia, Gao, Feng, Gandron, Éric, Gillessen, Stefan, Gonté, Frédéric, Gordo, Paulo, Grözinger, Ulrich, Guajardo, Patricia, Guieu, Sylvain, Haguenauer, Pierre, Hans, Oliver, Haubois, Xavier, Haug, Marcus, Haußmann, Frank, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Horrobin, Matthew, Huber, Armin, Hubert, Zoltan, Hubin, Norbert, Hummel, Christian A., Jakob, Gerd, Jochum, Lieselotte, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kellner, Stefan, Kandrew, Sarah, Kern, Lothar, Kervella, Pierre, Kiekebusch, Mario, Klein, Ralf, Köhler, Rainer, Kolb, Johan, Kulas, Martin, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Lazareff, Bernard, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Léna, Pierre, Lenzen, Rainer, Lévêque, Samuel, Lin, Chien-Cheng, Lippa, Magdalena, Magnard, Yves, Mehrgan, Leander, Mérand, Antoine, Moulin, Thibaut, Müller, Eric, Müller, Friedrich, Neumann, Udo, Oberti, Sylvain, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Panduro, Johana, Pasquini, Luca, Paumard, Thibaut, Percheron, Isabelle, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Pflüger, Andreas, Duc, Thanh Phan, Plewa, Philipp M., Popovic, Dan, Rabien, Sebastian, Ramírez, Andrés, Ramos, Jose, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Rodríguez-Coira, Gustavo, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Rosales, Alejandra, Rousset, Gérard, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schöller, Markus, Schuhler, Nicolas, Spyromilio, Jason, Straub, Odele, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Suarez, Marcos, Tristram, Konrad R. W., Ventura, Noel, Vincent, Frédéric, Waisberg, Idel, Wank, Imke, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiest, Michael, Wiezorrek, Erich, Wittkowski, Markus, Woillez, Julien, Wolff, Burkhard, Yazici, Senol, Ziegler, Denis, Zins, Gérard, GRAVITY collaboration, Karl, Martina, Pfuhl, Oliver, Eisenhauer, Frank, Genzel, Reinhard, Grellmann, Rebekka, Habibi, Maryam, Abuter, Roberto, Accardo, Matteo, Amorim, António, Anugu, Narsireddy, Ávila, Gerardo, Benisty, Myriam, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Bland, Nicolas, Bonnet, Henri, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Brast, Roland, Buron, Alexander, Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Chapron, Frédéric, Clénet, Yann, Collin, Claude, Foresto, Vincent Coudé du, de Wit, Willem-Jan, de Zeeuw, Tim, Deen, Casey, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, Derie, Frédéric, Dexter, Jason, Duvert, Gilles, Ebert, Monica, Eckart, Andreas, Esselborn, Michael, Fédou, Pierre, Finger, Gert, Garcia, Paulo, Dabo, Cesar Enrique Garcia, Lopez, Rebeca Garcia, Gao, Feng, Gandron, Éric, Gillessen, Stefan, Gonté, Frédéric, Gordo, Paulo, Grözinger, Ulrich, Guajardo, Patricia, Guieu, Sylvain, Haguenauer, Pierre, Hans, Oliver, Haubois, Xavier, Haug, Marcus, Haußmann, Frank, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Horrobin, Matthew, Huber, Armin, Hubert, Zoltan, Hubin, Norbert, Hummel, Christian A., Jakob, Gerd, Jochum, Lieselotte, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kellner, Stefan, Kandrew, Sarah, Kern, Lothar, Kervella, Pierre, Kiekebusch, Mario, Klein, Ralf, Köhler, Rainer, Kolb, Johan, Kulas, Martin, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Lazareff, Bernard, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Léna, Pierre, Lenzen, Rainer, Lévêque, Samuel, Lin, Chien-Cheng, Lippa, Magdalena, Magnard, Yves, Mehrgan, Leander, Mérand, Antoine, Moulin, Thibaut, Müller, Eric, Müller, Friedrich, Neumann, Udo, Oberti, Sylvain, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Panduro, Johana, Pasquini, Luca, Paumard, Thibaut, Percheron, Isabelle, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Pflüger, Andreas, Duc, Thanh Phan, Plewa, Philipp M., Popovic, Dan, Rabien, Sebastian, Ramírez, Andrés, Ramos, Jose, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Rodríguez-Coira, Gustavo, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Rosales, Alejandra, Rousset, Gérard, Sanchez-Bermudez, Joel, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schöller, Markus, Schuhler, Nicolas, Spyromilio, Jason, Straub, Odele, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Suarez, Marcos, Tristram, Konrad R. W., Ventura, Noel, Vincent, Frédéric, Waisberg, Idel, Wank, Imke, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiest, Michael, Wiezorrek, Erich, Wittkowski, Markus, Woillez, Julien, Wolff, Burkhard, Yazici, Senol, Ziegler, Denis, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: This work presents an interferometric study of the massive-binary fraction in the Orion Trapezium Cluster with the recently comissioned GRAVITY instrument. We observe a total of 16 stars of mainly OB spectral type. We find three previously unknown companions for $\theta ^1$ Ori B, $\theta ^2$ Ori B, and $\theta ^2$ Ori C. We determine a separation for the previously suspected companion of NU Ori. We confirm four companions for $\theta ^1$ Ori A, $\theta ^1$ Ori C, $\theta ^1$ Ori D, and $\theta ^2$ Ori A, all with substantially improved astrometry and photometric mass estimates. We refine the orbit of the eccentric high-mass binary $\theta ^1$ Ori C and we are able to derive a new orbit for $\theta ^1$ Ori D. We find a system mass of 21.7 $M_{\odot}$ and a period of $53$ days. Together with other previously detected companions seen in spectroscopy or direct imaging, eleven of the 16 high-mass stars are multiple systems. We obtain a total number of 22 companions with separations up to 600 AU. The companion fraction of the early B and O stars in our sample is about 2, significantly higher than in earlier studies of mostly OB associations. The separation distribution hints towards a bimodality. Such a bimodality has been previously found in A stars, but rarely in OB binaries, which up to this point have been assumed to be mostly compact with a tail of wider companions. We also do not find a substantial population of equal-mass binaries. The observed distribution of mass ratios declines steeply with mass, and like the direct star counts, indicates that our companions follow a standard power law initial mass function. Again, this is in contrast to earlier findings of flat mass ratio distributions in OB associations. We exclude collision as a dominant formation mechanism but find no clear preference for core accretion or competitive accretion., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2018
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7. The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: overview, operation, simulation

Author: Davies, Richard, Alves, João, Clénet, Yann, Lang-Bardl, Florian, Nicklas, Harald, Pott, Jörg-Uwe, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Tolstoy, Eline, Amico, Paola, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, Barboza, Santiago, Barl, Lothar, Baudoz, Pierre, Bender, Ralf, Bezawada, Naidu, Bizenberger, Peter, Boland, Wilfried, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Borgo, Bruno, Buey, Tristan, Chapron, Frédéric, Chemla, Fanny, Cohen, Mathieu, Czoske, Oliver, Deo, Vincent, Disseau, Karen, Dreizler, Stefan, Dupuis, Olivier, Fabricius, Maximilian, Falomo, Renato, Fedou, Pierre, Schreiber, Natascha Foerster, Garrel, Vincent, Geis, Norbert, Gemperlein, Hans, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gillessen, Stefan, Glück, Martin, Grupp, Frank, Hartl, Michael, Häuser, Marco, Hess, Hans-Joachim, Hofferbert, Ralf, Hopp, Ulrich, Hörmann, Veronika, Hubert, Zoltan, Huby, Elsa, Huet, Jean-Michel, Hutterer, Victoria, Ives, Derek, Janssen, Annemieke, Jellema, Willem, Kausch, Wolfgang, Kerber, Florian, Kravcar, Helmut, Ruyet, Bertrand Le, Leschinski, Kieran, Mandla, Christopher, Manhart, Markus, Massari, Davide, Mei, Simona, Merlin, Frédéric, Mohr, Lars, Monna, Anna, Muench, Norbert, Mueller, Friedrich, Musters, Gert, Navarro, Ramon, Neumann, Udo, Neumayer, Nadine, Niebsch, Jenny, Plattner, Markus, Przybilla, Norbert, Rabien, Sebastian, Ramlau, Ronny, Ramos, José, Ramsay, Suzanne, Rhode, Petra, Richter, Amon, Richter, Josef, Rix, Hans-Walter, Rodeghiero, Gabriele, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Rosensteiner, Matthias, Rousset, Gérard, Schlichter, Jörg, Schubert, Josef, Sevin, Arnaud, Stuik, Remko, Sturm, Eckhard, Thomas, Jens, Tromp, Niels, Kleijn, Gijs Verdoes, Vidal, Fabrice, Wagner, Roland, Wegner, Michael, Zeilinger, Werner, Ziegleder, Julian, Ziegler, Bodo, Zins, Gérard, Davies, Richard, Alves, João, Clénet, Yann, Lang-Bardl, Florian, Nicklas, Harald, Pott, Jörg-Uwe, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Tolstoy, Eline, Amico, Paola, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, Barboza, Santiago, Barl, Lothar, Baudoz, Pierre, Bender, Ralf, Bezawada, Naidu, Bizenberger, Peter, Boland, Wilfried, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Borgo, Bruno, Buey, Tristan, Chapron, Frédéric, Chemla, Fanny, Cohen, Mathieu, Czoske, Oliver, Deo, Vincent, Disseau, Karen, Dreizler, Stefan, Dupuis, Olivier, Fabricius, Maximilian, Falomo, Renato, Fedou, Pierre, Schreiber, Natascha Foerster, Garrel, Vincent, Geis, Norbert, Gemperlein, Hans, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gillessen, Stefan, Glück, Martin, Grupp, Frank, Hartl, Michael, Häuser, Marco, Hess, Hans-Joachim, Hofferbert, Ralf, Hopp, Ulrich, Hörmann, Veronika, Hubert, Zoltan, Huby, Elsa, Huet, Jean-Michel, Hutterer, Victoria, Ives, Derek, Janssen, Annemieke, Jellema, Willem, Kausch, Wolfgang, Kerber, Florian, Kravcar, Helmut, Ruyet, Bertrand Le, Leschinski, Kieran, Mandla, Christopher, Manhart, Markus, Massari, Davide, Mei, Simona, Merlin, Frédéric, Mohr, Lars, Monna, Anna, Muench, Norbert, Mueller, Friedrich, Musters, Gert, Navarro, Ramon, Neumann, Udo, Neumayer, Nadine, Niebsch, Jenny, Plattner, Markus, Przybilla, Norbert, Rabien, Sebastian, Ramlau, Ronny, Ramos, José, Ramsay, Suzanne, Rhode, Petra, Richter, Amon, Richter, Josef, Rix, Hans-Walter, Rodeghiero, Gabriele, Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer, Rosensteiner, Matthias, Rousset, Gérard, Schlichter, Jörg, Schubert, Josef, Sevin, Arnaud, Stuik, Remko, Sturm, Eckhard, Thomas, Jens, Tromp, Niels, Kleijn, Gijs Verdoes, Vidal, Fabrice, Wagner, Roland, Wegner, Michael, Zeilinger, Werner, Ziegleder, Julian, Ziegler, Bodo, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: MICADO will enable the ELT to perform diffraction limited near-infrared observations at first light. The instrument's capabilities focus on imaging (including astrometric and high contrast) as well as single object spectroscopy. This contribution looks at how requirements from the observing modes have driven the instrument design and functionality. Using examples from specific science cases, and making use of the data simulation tool, an outline is presented of what we can expect the instrument to achieve., Comment: Proc SPIE 10702. SPIE's copyright notice: "Copyright 2018 Society of PhotoOptical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited."
Published: 2018

8. The E-ELT first light spectrograph HARMONI: capabilities and modes

Author: Thatte, Niranjan A., Clarke, Fraser, Bryson, Ian, Shnetler, Hermine, Tecza, Matthias, Fusco, Thierry, Bacon, Roland M., Richard, Johan, Mediavilla, E., Neichel, Benoît, Arribas-Mocoroa, Santiago, García-Lorenzo, B., Evans, Christopher J., Remillieux, Alban, El Madi, Kacem, Herreros, Jose Miguel, Melotte, Dave, O'Brien, Kieran, Tosh, Ian A., Vernet, Joël, Hammersley, Peter, Ives, Derek J., Finger, Gert, Houghton, Ryan, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, Lynn, James D., Allen, Jamie R., Zieleniewski, Simon D., Kendrew, Sarah, Ferraro-Wood, Vanessa, Pécontal-Rousset, Arlette, Kosmalski, Johan, Laurent, Florence, Loupias, Magali, Piqueras, Laure, Renault, Edgar, Blaizot, Jeremy, Daguisé, Eric, Migniau, Jean-Emmanuel, Jarno, Aurélien, Born, Andy, Gallie, Angus M., Montgomery, David M., Henry, David, Schwartz, Noah, Taylor, William, Zins, Gérard, Rodríguez-Ramos, Luis Fernando, Cagigas, Miguel, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Rebolo López, Rafael, Hernández Suárez, Elvio, Gigante-Ripoll, José Vicente, Piqueras López, Javier, Villar Martín, Montserrat, Correia, Carlos, Pascal, Sandrine, Blanco, Leonardo, Vola, Pascal, Epinat, Benoit, Peroux, Celine, Vigan, Arthur, Dohlen, Kjetil, Sauvage, Jean-Francois, Lee, Martin, Carlotti, Alexis, Verinaud, Christophe, Morris, Tim, Myers, Richard, Reeves, Andrew, Swinbank, Mark, Calcines, Ariadna, Larrieu, Marrie, Thatte, Niranjan A., Clarke, Fraser, Bryson, Ian, Shnetler, Hermine, Tecza, Matthias, Fusco, Thierry, Bacon, Roland M., Richard, Johan, Mediavilla, E., Neichel, Benoît, Arribas-Mocoroa, Santiago, García-Lorenzo, B., Evans, Christopher J., Remillieux, Alban, El Madi, Kacem, Herreros, Jose Miguel, Melotte, Dave, O'Brien, Kieran, Tosh, Ian A., Vernet, Joël, Hammersley, Peter, Ives, Derek J., Finger, Gert, Houghton, Ryan, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, Lynn, James D., Allen, Jamie R., Zieleniewski, Simon D., Kendrew, Sarah, Ferraro-Wood, Vanessa, Pécontal-Rousset, Arlette, Kosmalski, Johan, Laurent, Florence, Loupias, Magali, Piqueras, Laure, Renault, Edgar, Blaizot, Jeremy, Daguisé, Eric, Migniau, Jean-Emmanuel, Jarno, Aurélien, Born, Andy, Gallie, Angus M., Montgomery, David M., Henry, David, Schwartz, Noah, Taylor, William, Zins, Gérard, Rodríguez-Ramos, Luis Fernando, Cagigas, Miguel, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Rebolo López, Rafael, Hernández Suárez, Elvio, Gigante-Ripoll, José Vicente, Piqueras López, Javier, Villar Martín, Montserrat, Correia, Carlos, Pascal, Sandrine, Blanco, Leonardo, Vola, Pascal, Epinat, Benoit, Peroux, Celine, Vigan, Arthur, Dohlen, Kjetil, Sauvage, Jean-Francois, Lee, Martin, Carlotti, Alexis, Verinaud, Christophe, Morris, Tim, Myers, Richard, Reeves, Andrew, Swinbank, Mark, Calcines, Ariadna, and Larrieu, Marrie
Abstract: HARMONI is the E-ELT's first light visible and near-infrared integral field spectrograph. It will provide four different spatial scales, ranging from coarse spaxels of 60 × 30 mas best suited for seeing limited observations, to 4 mas spaxels that Nyquist sample the diffraction limited point spread function of the E-ELT at near-infrared wavelengths. Each spaxel scale may be combined with eleven spectral settings, that provide a range of spectral resolving powers (R 3500, 7500 and 20000) and instantaneous wavelength coverage spanning the 0.5 - 2.4 ¿m wavelength range of the instrument. In autumn 2015, the HARMONI project started the Preliminary Design Phase, following signature of the contract to design, build, test and commission the instrument, signed between the European Southern Observatory and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. Crucially, the contract also includes the preliminary design of the HARMONI Laser Tomographic Adaptive Optics system. The instrument's technical specifications were finalized in the period leading up to contract signature. In this paper, we report on the first activity carried out during preliminary design, defining the baseline architecture for the system, and the trade-off studies leading up to the choice of baseline.
Published: 2016

9. The VLTI / PIONIER near-infrared interferometric survey of southern T Tauri stars. I. First results

Author: Anthonioz, Fabien, Ménard, François, Pinte, Christophe, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Benisty, Myriam, Thi, Wing-Fai, Absil, Olivier, Duchêne, Gaspard, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Berger, Jean-Phillipe, Casassus, Simon, Duvert, Gilles, Lazareff, Bernard, Malbet, Fabien, Millan-Gabet, Rafael, Schreiber, Matthias R., Traub, Wesley, Zins, Gérard, Anthonioz, Fabien, Ménard, François, Pinte, Christophe, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Benisty, Myriam, Thi, Wing-Fai, Absil, Olivier, Duchêne, Gaspard, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Berger, Jean-Phillipe, Casassus, Simon, Duvert, Gilles, Lazareff, Bernard, Malbet, Fabien, Millan-Gabet, Rafael, Schreiber, Matthias R., Traub, Wesley, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: Context : The properties of the inner disks of bright Herbig AeBe stars have been studied with near infrared (NIR) interferometry and high resolution spectroscopy. The continuum and a few molecular gas species have been studied close to the central star; however, sensitivity problems limit direct information about the inner disks of the fainter T Tauri stars. Aims : Our aim is to measure some of the properties of the inner regions of disks surrounding southern T Tauri stars. Methods : We performed a survey with the PIONIER recombiner instrument at H-band of 21 T Tauri stars. The baselines used ranged from 11 m to 129 m, corresponding to a maximum resolution of 3mas (0.45 au at 150 pc). Results : Thirteen disks are resolved well and the visibility curves are fully sampled as a function of baseline in the range 45-130 m for these 13 objects. A simple qualitative examination of visibility profiles allows us to identify a rapid drop-off in the visibilities at short baselines in 8 resolved disks. This is indicative of a significant contribution from an extended contribution of light from the disk. We demonstrate that this component is compatible with scattered light, providing strong support to a prediction made by Pinte et al. (2008). The amplitude of the drop-off and the amount of dust thermal emission changes from source to source suggesting that each disk is different. A by-product of the survey is the identification of a new milli-arcsec separation binary: WW Cha. Spectroscopic and interferometric data of AK Sco have also been fitted with a binary and disk model. Conclusions : Visibility data are reproduced well when thermal emission and scattering form dust are fully considered. The inner radii measured are consistent with the expected dust sublimation radii. Modelling of AK Sco suggests a likely coplanarity between the disk and the binary's orbital plane, Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2014
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10. The VLTI / PIONIER near-infrared interferometric survey of southern T Tauri stars. I. First results

Author: Anthonioz, Fabien, Ménard, François, Pinte, Christophe, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Benisty, Myriam, Thi, Wing-Fai, Absil, Olivier, Duchêne, Gaspard, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Berger, Jean-Phillipe, Casassus, Simon, Duvert, Gilles, Lazareff, Bernard, Malbet, Fabien, Millan-Gabet, Rafael, Schreiber, Matthias R., Traub, Wesley, Zins, Gérard, Anthonioz, Fabien, Ménard, François, Pinte, Christophe, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Benisty, Myriam, Thi, Wing-Fai, Absil, Olivier, Duchêne, Gaspard, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Berger, Jean-Phillipe, Casassus, Simon, Duvert, Gilles, Lazareff, Bernard, Malbet, Fabien, Millan-Gabet, Rafael, Schreiber, Matthias R., Traub, Wesley, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: Context : The properties of the inner disks of bright Herbig AeBe stars have been studied with near infrared (NIR) interferometry and high resolution spectroscopy. The continuum and a few molecular gas species have been studied close to the central star; however, sensitivity problems limit direct information about the inner disks of the fainter T Tauri stars. Aims : Our aim is to measure some of the properties of the inner regions of disks surrounding southern T Tauri stars. Methods : We performed a survey with the PIONIER recombiner instrument at H-band of 21 T Tauri stars. The baselines used ranged from 11 m to 129 m, corresponding to a maximum resolution of 3mas (0.45 au at 150 pc). Results : Thirteen disks are resolved well and the visibility curves are fully sampled as a function of baseline in the range 45-130 m for these 13 objects. A simple qualitative examination of visibility profiles allows us to identify a rapid drop-off in the visibilities at short baselines in 8 resolved disks. This is indicative of a significant contribution from an extended contribution of light from the disk. We demonstrate that this component is compatible with scattered light, providing strong support to a prediction made by Pinte et al. (2008). The amplitude of the drop-off and the amount of dust thermal emission changes from source to source suggesting that each disk is different. A by-product of the survey is the identification of a new milli-arcsec separation binary: WW Cha. Spectroscopic and interferometric data of AK Sco have also been fitted with a binary and disk model. Conclusions : Visibility data are reproduced well when thermal emission and scattering form dust are fully considered. The inner radii measured are consistent with the expected dust sublimation radii. Modelling of AK Sco suggests a likely coplanarity between the disk and the binary's orbital plane, Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2014
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11. Image quality and high contrast improvements on VLT/NACO

Author: Girard, Julien H. V., O'Neal, Jared, Mawet, Dimitri, Kasper, Markus, Zins, Gérard, Neichel, Benoît, Kolb, Johann, Christiaens, Valentin, Tourneboeuf, Martin, Girard, Julien H. V., O'Neal, Jared, Mawet, Dimitri, Kasper, Markus, Zins, Gérard, Neichel, Benoît, Kolb, Johann, Christiaens, Valentin, and Tourneboeuf, Martin
Abstract: NACO is the famous and versatile diffraction limited NIR imager and spectrograph with which ESO celebrated 10 years of Adaptive Optics at the VLT. Since two years a substantial effort has been put in to understanding and fixing issues that directly affect the image quality and the high contrast performances of the instrument. Experiments to compensate the non-common-path aberrations and recover the highest possible Strehl ratios have been carried out successfully and a plan is hereafter described to perform such measurements regularly. The drift associated to pupil tracking since 2007 was fixed in October 2011. NACO is therefore even better suited for high contrast imaging and can be used with coronagraphic masks in the image plane. Some contrast measurements are shown and discussed. The work accomplished on NACO will serve as reference for the next generation instruments on the VLT, especially those working at the diffraction limit and making use of angular differential imaging (i.e. SPHERE, VISIR, possibly ERIS)., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, SPIE 2012 Astronomical Instrumentation Proceeding
Published: 2012
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12. Image quality and high contrast improvements on VLT/NACO

Author: Ellerbroek, Brent L., Marchetti, Enrico, Véran, Jean-Pierre, Girard, Julien H. V., O'Neal, Jared, Mawet, Dimitri, Kasper, Marcus, Zins, Gérard, Neichel, Benoît, Kolb, Johann, Christiaens, Valentin, Tourneboeuf, Martin, Ellerbroek, Brent L., Marchetti, Enrico, Véran, Jean-Pierre, Girard, Julien H. V., O'Neal, Jared, Mawet, Dimitri, Kasper, Marcus, Zins, Gérard, Neichel, Benoît, Kolb, Johann, Christiaens, Valentin, and Tourneboeuf, Martin
Abstract: NACO is the famous and versatile diffraction limited NIR imager and spectrograph at the VLT with which ESO celebrated 10 years of Adaptive Optics. Since two years a substantial effort has been put in understanding and fixing issues that directly affect the image quality and the high contrast performances of the instrument. Experiments to compensate the non-common-path aberrations and recover the highest possible Strehl ratios have been carried out successfully and a plan is hereafter described to perform such measurements regularly. The drift associated to pupil tracking since 2007 was fixed in october 2011. NACO is therefore even more suited for high contrast imaging and can be used with coronagraphic masks in the image plane. Some contrast measurements are shown and discussed. The work accomplished on NACO will serve as reference for the next generation instruments on the VLT, especially the ones working at the diffraction limit and making use of angular differential imaging (i.e. SPHERE, VISIR, and possibly ERIS).
Published: 2012

13. Image quality and high contrast improvements on VLT/NACO

Author: Girard, Julien H. V., O'Neal, Jared, Mawet, Dimitri, Kasper, Markus, Zins, Gérard, Neichel, Benoît, Kolb, Johann, Christiaens, Valentin, Tourneboeuf, Martin, Girard, Julien H. V., O'Neal, Jared, Mawet, Dimitri, Kasper, Markus, Zins, Gérard, Neichel, Benoît, Kolb, Johann, Christiaens, Valentin, and Tourneboeuf, Martin
Abstract: NACO is the famous and versatile diffraction limited NIR imager and spectrograph with which ESO celebrated 10 years of Adaptive Optics at the VLT. Since two years a substantial effort has been put in to understanding and fixing issues that directly affect the image quality and the high contrast performances of the instrument. Experiments to compensate the non-common-path aberrations and recover the highest possible Strehl ratios have been carried out successfully and a plan is hereafter described to perform such measurements regularly. The drift associated to pupil tracking since 2007 was fixed in October 2011. NACO is therefore even better suited for high contrast imaging and can be used with coronagraphic masks in the image plane. Some contrast measurements are shown and discussed. The work accomplished on NACO will serve as reference for the next generation instruments on the VLT, especially those working at the diffraction limit and making use of angular differential imaging (i.e. SPHERE, VISIR, possibly ERIS)., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, SPIE 2012 Astronomical Instrumentation Proceeding
Published: 2012
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14. Searching for faint companions with VLTI/PIONIER. I. Method and first results

Author: Absil, Olivier, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Chauvin, Gaël, Lazareff, Bernard, Zins, Gérard, Haguenauer, Pierre, Jocou, Laurent, Kern, Pierre, Millan-Gabet, Rafael, Rochat, Sylvain, Traub, Wes, Absil, Olivier, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Chauvin, Gaël, Lazareff, Bernard, Zins, Gérard, Haguenauer, Pierre, Jocou, Laurent, Kern, Pierre, Millan-Gabet, Rafael, Rochat, Sylvain, and Traub, Wes
Abstract: Context. A new four-telescope interferometric instrument called PIONIER has recently been installed at VLTI. It provides improved imaging capabilities together with high precision. Aims. We search for low-mass companions around a few bright stars using different strategies, and determine the dynamic range currently reachable with PIONIER. Methods. Our method is based on the closure phase, which is the most robust interferometric quantity when searching for faint companions. We computed the chi^2 goodness of fit for a series of binary star models at different positions and with various flux ratios. The resulting chi^2 cube was used to identify the best-fit binary model and evaluate its significance, or to determine upper limits on the companion flux in case of non detections. Results. No companion is found around Fomalhaut, tau Cet and Regulus. The median upper limits at 3 sigma on the companion flux ratio are respectively of 2.3e-3 (in 4 h), 3.5e-3 (in 3 h) and 5.4e-3 (in 1.5 h) on the search region extending from 5 to 100 mas. Our observations confirm that the previously detected near-infrared excess emissions around Fomalhaut and tau Cet are not related to a low-mass companion, and instead come from an extended source such as an exozodiacal disk. In the case of del Aqr, in 30 min of observation, we obtain the first direct detection of a previously known companion, at an angular distance of about 40 mas and with a flux ratio of 2.05e-2 \pm 0.16e-2. Due to the limited u,v plane coverage, its position can, however, not be unambiguously determined. Conclusions. After only a few months of operation, PIONIER has already achieved one of the best dynamic ranges world-wide for multi-aperture interferometers. A dynamic range up to about 1:500 is demonstrated, but significant improvements are still required to reach the ultimate goal of directly detecting hot giant extrasolar planets., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Searching for faint companions with VLTI/PIONIER. I. Method and first results

Author: Absil, Olivier, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Chauvin, Gaël, Lazareff, Bernard, Zins, Gérard, Haguenauer, Pierre, Jocou, Laurent, Kern, Pierre, Millan-Gabet, Rafael, Rochat, Sylvain, Traub, Wes, Absil, Olivier, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Chauvin, Gaël, Lazareff, Bernard, Zins, Gérard, Haguenauer, Pierre, Jocou, Laurent, Kern, Pierre, Millan-Gabet, Rafael, Rochat, Sylvain, and Traub, Wes
Abstract: Context. A new four-telescope interferometric instrument called PIONIER has recently been installed at VLTI. It provides improved imaging capabilities together with high precision. Aims. We search for low-mass companions around a few bright stars using different strategies, and determine the dynamic range currently reachable with PIONIER. Methods. Our method is based on the closure phase, which is the most robust interferometric quantity when searching for faint companions. We computed the chi^2 goodness of fit for a series of binary star models at different positions and with various flux ratios. The resulting chi^2 cube was used to identify the best-fit binary model and evaluate its significance, or to determine upper limits on the companion flux in case of non detections. Results. No companion is found around Fomalhaut, tau Cet and Regulus. The median upper limits at 3 sigma on the companion flux ratio are respectively of 2.3e-3 (in 4 h), 3.5e-3 (in 3 h) and 5.4e-3 (in 1.5 h) on the search region extending from 5 to 100 mas. Our observations confirm that the previously detected near-infrared excess emissions around Fomalhaut and tau Cet are not related to a low-mass companion, and instead come from an extended source such as an exozodiacal disk. In the case of del Aqr, in 30 min of observation, we obtain the first direct detection of a previously known companion, at an angular distance of about 40 mas and with a flux ratio of 2.05e-2 \pm 0.16e-2. Due to the limited u,v plane coverage, its position can, however, not be unambiguously determined. Conclusions. After only a few months of operation, PIONIER has already achieved one of the best dynamic ranges world-wide for multi-aperture interferometers. A dynamic range up to about 1:500 is demonstrated, but significant improvements are still required to reach the ultimate goal of directly detecting hot giant extrasolar planets., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Status and new operation modes of the versatile VLT/NACO

Author: Girard, Julien H. V., Kasper, Markus, Quanz, Sascha P., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Rengaswamy, Sridharan, Schödel, Rainer, Gallenne, Alexandre, Gillessen, Stefan, Huerta, Nicolas, Kervella, Pierre, Kornweibel, Nick, Lenzen, Rainer, Mérand, Antoine, Montagnier, Guillaume, O'Neal, Jared, Zins, Gérard, IOT, the NACO, Girard, Julien H. V., Kasper, Markus, Quanz, Sascha P., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Rengaswamy, Sridharan, Schödel, Rainer, Gallenne, Alexandre, Gillessen, Stefan, Huerta, Nicolas, Kervella, Pierre, Kornweibel, Nick, Lenzen, Rainer, Mérand, Antoine, Montagnier, Guillaume, O'Neal, Jared, Zins, Gérard, and IOT, the NACO
Abstract: This paper aims at giving an update on the most versatile adaptive optics fed instrument to date, the well known and successful NACO . Although NACO is only scheduled for about two more years at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), it keeps on evolving with additional operation modes bringing original astronomical results. The high contrast imaging community uses it creatively as a test-bench for SPHERE and other second generation planet imagers. A new visible wavefront sensor (WFS) optimized for Laser Guide Star (LGS) operations has been installed and tested, the cube mode is more and more requested for frame selection on bright sources, a seeing enhancer mode (no tip/tilt correction) is now offered to provide full sky coverage and welcome all kind of extragalactic applications, etc. The Instrument Operations Team (IOT) and Paranal engineers are currently working hard at maintaining the instrument overall performances but also at improving them and offering new capabilities, providing the community with a well tuned and original instrument for the remaining time it is being used. The present contribution delivers a non-exhaustive overview of the new modes and experiments that have been carried out in the past months., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, SPIE 2010 Astronomical Instrumentation Proceeding
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. The third version of the AMBER data reduction software

Author: Malbet, Fabien, Duvert, Gilles, Millour, Florentin, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Mella, Guillaume, Halipré, Luc, Chelli, Alain, Lafrasse, Sylvain, Altariba, Evelyne, Zins, Gérard, Malbet, Fabien, Duvert, Gilles, Millour, Florentin, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Mella, Guillaume, Halipré, Luc, Chelli, Alain, Lafrasse, Sylvain, Altariba, Evelyne, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: We present the third release of the AMBER data reduction software by the JMMC. This software is based on core algorithms optimized after several years of operation. An optional graphic interface in a high level language allows the user to control the process step by step or in a completely automatic manner. Ongoing improvement is the implementation of a robust calibration scheme, making use of the full calibration sets available during the night. The output products are standard OI-FITS files, which can be used directly in high level software like model fitting or image reconstruction tools. The software performances are illustrated on a full data set of calibrators observed with AMBER during 5 years taken in various instrumental setup., Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the SPIE'2010 conference on "Optical and Infrared Interferometry II"
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Status and new operation modes of the versatile VLT/NACO

Author: Girard, Julien H. V., Kasper, Markus, Quanz, Sascha P., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Rengaswamy, Sridharan, Schödel, Rainer, Gallenne, Alexandre, Gillessen, Stefan, Huerta, Nicolas, Kervella, Pierre, Kornweibel, Nick, Lenzen, Rainer, Mérand, Antoine, Montagnier, Guillaume, O'Neal, Jared, Zins, Gérard, IOT, the NACO, Girard, Julien H. V., Kasper, Markus, Quanz, Sascha P., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Rengaswamy, Sridharan, Schödel, Rainer, Gallenne, Alexandre, Gillessen, Stefan, Huerta, Nicolas, Kervella, Pierre, Kornweibel, Nick, Lenzen, Rainer, Mérand, Antoine, Montagnier, Guillaume, O'Neal, Jared, Zins, Gérard, and IOT, the NACO
Abstract: This paper aims at giving an update on the most versatile adaptive optics fed instrument to date, the well known and successful NACO . Although NACO is only scheduled for about two more years at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), it keeps on evolving with additional operation modes bringing original astronomical results. The high contrast imaging community uses it creatively as a test-bench for SPHERE and other second generation planet imagers. A new visible wavefront sensor (WFS) optimized for Laser Guide Star (LGS) operations has been installed and tested, the cube mode is more and more requested for frame selection on bright sources, a seeing enhancer mode (no tip/tilt correction) is now offered to provide full sky coverage and welcome all kind of extragalactic applications, etc. The Instrument Operations Team (IOT) and Paranal engineers are currently working hard at maintaining the instrument overall performances but also at improving them and offering new capabilities, providing the community with a well tuned and original instrument for the remaining time it is being used. The present contribution delivers a non-exhaustive overview of the new modes and experiments that have been carried out in the past months., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, SPIE 2010 Astronomical Instrumentation Proceeding
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. The third version of the AMBER data reduction software

Author: Malbet, Fabien, Duvert, Gilles, Millour, Florentin, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Mella, Guillaume, Halipré, Luc, Chelli, Alain, Lafrasse, Sylvain, Altariba, Evelyne, Zins, Gérard, Malbet, Fabien, Duvert, Gilles, Millour, Florentin, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Mella, Guillaume, Halipré, Luc, Chelli, Alain, Lafrasse, Sylvain, Altariba, Evelyne, and Zins, Gérard
Abstract: We present the third release of the AMBER data reduction software by the JMMC. This software is based on core algorithms optimized after several years of operation. An optional graphic interface in a high level language allows the user to control the process step by step or in a completely automatic manner. Ongoing improvement is the implementation of a robust calibration scheme, making use of the full calibration sets available during the night. The output products are standard OI-FITS files, which can be used directly in high level software like model fitting or image reconstruction tools. The software performances are illustrated on a full data set of calibrators observed with AMBER during 5 years taken in various instrumental setup., Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the SPIE'2010 conference on "Optical and Infrared Interferometry II"
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. AMBER on the VLTI: data processing and calibration issues

Author: Millour, Florentin, Petrov, Romain, Malbet, Fabien, Tatulli, Eric, Duvert, Gilles, Zins, Gérard, Altariba, Evelyne, Vannier, Martin, Hernandez, Oscar, Causi, Gianluca Li, Millour, Florentin, Petrov, Romain, Malbet, Fabien, Tatulli, Eric, Duvert, Gilles, Zins, Gérard, Altariba, Evelyne, Vannier, Martin, Hernandez, Oscar, and Causi, Gianluca Li
Abstract: We present here the current performances of the AMBER / VLTI instrument for standard use and compare these with the offered modes of the instrument. We show that the instrument is able to reach its specified precision only for medium and high spectral resolution modes, differential observables and bright objects. For absolute observables, the current achievable accuracy is strongly limited by the vibrations of the Unit Telescopes, and also by the observing procedure which does not take into account the night-long transfer function monitoring. For low-resolution mode, the current limitation is more in the data reduction side, since several effects negligible at medium spectral resolution are not taken into account in the current pipeline. Finally, for faint objects (SNR around 1 per spectral channel), electromagnetic interferences in the VLTI interferometric laboratory with the detector electronics prevents currently to get unbiased measurements. Ideas are under study to correct in the data processing side this effect, but a hardware fix should be investigated seriously since it limits seriously the effective limiting magnitude of the instrument., Comment: 10 pages
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. AMBER on the VLTI: data processing and calibration issues

Author: Millour, Florentin, Petrov, Romain, Malbet, Fabien, Tatulli, Eric, Duvert, Gilles, Zins, Gérard, Altariba, Evelyne, Vannier, Martin, Hernandez, Oscar, Causi, Gianluca Li, Millour, Florentin, Petrov, Romain, Malbet, Fabien, Tatulli, Eric, Duvert, Gilles, Zins, Gérard, Altariba, Evelyne, Vannier, Martin, Hernandez, Oscar, and Causi, Gianluca Li
Abstract: We present here the current performances of the AMBER / VLTI instrument for standard use and compare these with the offered modes of the instrument. We show that the instrument is able to reach its specified precision only for medium and high spectral resolution modes, differential observables and bright objects. For absolute observables, the current achievable accuracy is strongly limited by the vibrations of the Unit Telescopes, and also by the observing procedure which does not take into account the night-long transfer function monitoring. For low-resolution mode, the current limitation is more in the data reduction side, since several effects negligible at medium spectral resolution are not taken into account in the current pipeline. Finally, for faint objects (SNR around 1 per spectral channel), electromagnetic interferences in the VLTI interferometric laboratory with the detector electronics prevents currently to get unbiased measurements. Ideas are under study to correct in the data processing side this effect, but a hardware fix should be investigated seriously since it limits seriously the effective limiting magnitude of the instrument., Comment: 10 pages
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. AMBER on the VLTI: data processing and calibration issues

Author: Millour, Florentin, Petrov, Romain, Malbet, Fabien, Tatulli, Eric, Duvert, Gilles, Zins, Gérard, Altariba, Evelyne, Vannier, Martin, Hernandez, Oscar, Causi, Gianluca Li, Millour, Florentin, Petrov, Romain, Malbet, Fabien, Tatulli, Eric, Duvert, Gilles, Zins, Gérard, Altariba, Evelyne, Vannier, Martin, Hernandez, Oscar, and Causi, Gianluca Li
Abstract: We present here the current performances of the AMBER / VLTI instrument for standard use and compare these with the offered modes of the instrument. We show that the instrument is able to reach its specified precision only for medium and high spectral resolution modes, differential observables and bright objects. For absolute observables, the current achievable accuracy is strongly limited by the vibrations of the Unit Telescopes, and also by the observing procedure which does not take into account the night-long transfer function monitoring. For low-resolution mode, the current limitation is more in the data reduction side, since several effects negligible at medium spectral resolution are not taken into account in the current pipeline. Finally, for faint objects (SNR around 1 per spectral channel), electromagnetic interferences in the VLTI interferometric laboratory with the detector electronics prevents currently to get unbiased measurements. Ideas are under study to correct in the data processing side this effect, but a hardware fix should be investigated seriously since it limits seriously the effective limiting magnitude of the instrument., Comment: 10 pages
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

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22 results on '"Zins, Gérard"'

1. The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

2. Infrared wavefront sensing for adaptive optics assisted Galactic Center observations with the VLT interferometer and GRAVITY: operation and results

3. Infrared wavefront sensing for adaptive optics assisted Galactic Center observations with the VLT interferometer and GRAVITY: operation and results

4. Multiple Star Systems in the Orion Nebula

5. The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: overview, operation, simulation

6. Multiple Star Systems in the Orion Nebula

7. The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: overview, operation, simulation

8. The E-ELT first light spectrograph HARMONI: capabilities and modes

9. The VLTI / PIONIER near-infrared interferometric survey of southern T Tauri stars. I. First results

10. The VLTI / PIONIER near-infrared interferometric survey of southern T Tauri stars. I. First results

11. Image quality and high contrast improvements on VLT/NACO

12. Image quality and high contrast improvements on VLT/NACO

13. Image quality and high contrast improvements on VLT/NACO

14. Searching for faint companions with VLTI/PIONIER. I. Method and first results

15. Searching for faint companions with VLTI/PIONIER. I. Method and first results

16. Status and new operation modes of the versatile VLT/NACO

17. The third version of the AMBER data reduction software

18. Status and new operation modes of the versatile VLT/NACO

19. The third version of the AMBER data reduction software

20. AMBER on the VLTI: data processing and calibration issues

21. AMBER on the VLTI: data processing and calibration issues

22. AMBER on the VLTI: data processing and calibration issues

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