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In the past two decades, significant improvement in endodontic therapy has been made by introducing new biomaterials. Beside biocompatibility, these materials are bioactive with the ability to induce cell proliferation and differentiation and tissue regeneration. The greatest attention has been given to calcium silicate cements, because of superior biological and good physical properties. Clinical use of these cements is restricted by long setting time and low wash-out resistance. Calcium phosphate cements have also been investigated, but although biocompatible, inferior mechanical properties limit their use as endodontic cements. Recently, two new nanostructural biomaterials, based on calcium silicate systems (CS) and a mixture of hydroxyapatite and calcium silicate systems (HA-CS) have been synthesized. Innovative technology provided synthesis of cements with shorter setting time compared to commercial materials with similar chemical constitution. Also, cements CS and HA-CS have been chemically modified in an attempt to synthesize canal sealers with better fluidity and longer setting time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical and biological properties of the new nanostructural biomaterials based on calcium silicate systems (CS) and a mixture of hydroxyapatite and calcium silicate systems (HA-CS). Solubility and porosity of a experimental materials CS and HA-CS were measured after 28 days of immersion in simulated tissue fluid. Solubility and porosity of experimental CS and HA-CS sealers were measured after 24 h of immersion in simulated tissue fluid. Marginal microleakage of materials CS and HA-CS was evaluated by the dye penetration method, six months after material application in furcal perforations of extracted teeth. Bond strength to dentin of materials CS and HA-CS and sealers CS and HA-CS, was measured by the push-out test..., Tokom prethodne dve decenije, ostvaren je značajan napredak u oblasti endodontske terapije uvođenjem novih biomaterijala, superniornih osobina u odnosu na konvencionalne materijale. Biomaterijale, pored biokompatibilnosti odlikuje i bioaktivnost odnosno sposobnost indukcije ćelijske diferencijacije i proliferacije koja omogućava regeneraciju tkiva. Najznačajniji među novim materijalima su svakako kalcijum silikatni cementi sa izuzetnim biološkim i adekvatnim fizičkim svojstvima. Ipak, kliničku primenu ovih materijala otežava dugo vreme vezivanja i ispiranje sa mesta aplikacije. Kalcijum fosfatni cementi su takođe predmet brojnih istraživanja, ali se i pored biokompatibilnosti, usled loših mehaničkih svojstava, ne mogu samostalno koristiti u svojstvu endodontskih cemenata. U cilju prevazilaženja negativnih svojstava kalcijum silikatnih i kalcijum fosfatnih cemenata, inovativnom tehnologijom sintetisana su dva nanostrukturna biomaterijala na bazi kalcijum silikatnih sistema (CS) i mešavine hidroksiapatita i kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (HA-CS). Unapređenom tehnologijom dobijeni su materijali izražene aktivnosti čestica, sa značajno kraćim vremenom vezivanja u odnosu na komercijalno dostupne materijale sličnog hemijskog sastava. Osnovne formulacije materijala CS i HA-CS, su potom hemijski modifikovane, u cilju dobijanja kanalnih silera, fluidnije konzistencije i dužeg vremena vezivanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispitaju fizička i biološka svojstva novosintetisanih nanostrukturnih biomaterijala na bazi aktivnih kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (CS) i mešavine hidroksiapatita i kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (HA-CS). Rastvorljivost i poroznost osnovnih formulacija eksperimentalnih materijala CS i HA-CS ispitivana je merenjem promena u masi uzoraka materijala nakon čuvanja uzoraka tokom 28 dana u veštačkom tkivnom fluidu...

Tokom prethodne dve decenije, ostvaren je značajan napredak u oblasti endodontske terapije uvođenjem novih biomaterijala, superniornih osobina u odnosu na konvencionalne materijale. Biomaterijale, pored biokompatibilnosti odlikuje i bioaktivnost odnosno sposobnost indukcije ćelijske diferencijacije i proliferacije koja omogućava regeneraciju tkiva. Najznačajniji među novim materijalima su svakako kalcijum silikatni cementi sa izuzetnim biološkim i adekvatnim fizičkim svojstvima. Ipak, kliničku primenu ovih materijala otežava dugo vreme vezivanja i ispiranje sa mesta aplikacije. Kalcijum fosfatni cementi su takođe predmet brojnih istraživanja, ali se i pored biokompatibilnosti, usled loših mehaničkih svojstava, ne mogu samostalno koristiti u svojstvu endodontskih cemenata. U cilju prevazilaženja negativnih svojstava kalcijum silikatnih i kalcijum fosfatnih cemenata, inovativnom tehnologijom sintetisana su dva nanostrukturna biomaterijala na bazi kalcijum silikatnih sistema (CS) i mešavine hidroksiapatita i kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (HA-CS). Unapređenom tehnologijom dobijeni su materijali izražene aktivnosti čestica, sa značajno kraćim vremenom vezivanja u odnosu na komercijalno dostupne materijale sličnog hemijskog sastava. Osnovne formulacije materijala CS i HA-CS, su potom hemijski modifikovane, u cilju dobijanja kanalnih silera, fluidnije konzistencije i dužeg vremena vezivanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispitaju fizička i biološka svojstva novosintetisanih nanostrukturnih biomaterijala na bazi aktivnih kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (CS) i mešavine hidroksiapatita i kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (HA-CS). Rastvorljivost i poroznost osnovnih formulacija eksperimentalnih materijala CS i HA-CS ispitivana je merenjem promena u masi uzoraka materijala nakon čuvanja uzoraka tokom 28 dana u veštačkom tkivnom fluidu..., In the past two decades, significant improvement in endodontic therapy has been made by introducing new biomaterials. Beside biocompatibility, these materials are bioactive with the ability to induce cell proliferation and differentiation and tissue regeneration. The greatest attention has been given to calcium silicate cements, because of superior biological and good physical properties. Clinical use of these cements is restricted by long setting time and low wash-out resistance. Calcium phosphate cements have also been investigated, but although biocompatible, inferior mechanical properties limit their use as endodontic cements. Recently, two new nanostructural biomaterials, based on calcium silicate systems (CS) and a mixture of hydroxyapatite and calcium silicate systems (HA-CS) have been synthesized. Innovative technology provided synthesis of cements with shorter setting time compared to commercial materials with similar chemical constitution. Also, cements CS and HA-CS have been chemically modified in an attempt to synthesize canal sealers with better fluidity and longer setting time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical and biological properties of the new nanostructural biomaterials based on calcium silicate systems (CS) and a mixture of hydroxyapatite and calcium silicate systems (HA-CS). Solubility and porosity of a experimental materials CS and HA-CS were measured after 28 days of immersion in simulated tissue fluid. Solubility and porosity of experimental CS and HA-CS sealers were measured after 24 h of immersion in simulated tissue fluid. Marginal microleakage of materials CS and HA-CS was evaluated by the dye penetration method, six months after material application in furcal perforations of extracted teeth. Bond strength to dentin of materials CS and HA-CS and sealers CS and HA-CS, was measured by the push-out test...

In the past two decades, significant improvement in endodontic therapy has been made by introducing new biomaterials. Beside biocompatibility, these materials are bioactive with the ability to induce cell proliferation and differentiation and tissue regeneration. The greatest attention has been given to calcium silicate cements, because of superior biological and good physical properties. Clinical use of these cements is restricted by long setting time and low wash-out resistance. Calcium phosphate cements have also been investigated, but although biocompatible, inferior mechanical properties limit their use as endodontic cements. Recently, two new nanostructural biomaterials, based on calcium silicate systems (CS) and a mixture of hydroxyapatite and calcium silicate systems (HA-CS) have been synthesized. Innovative technology provided synthesis of cements with shorter setting time compared to commercial materials with similar chemical constitution. Also, cements CS and HA-CS have been chemically modified in an attempt to synthesize canal sealers with better fluidity and longer setting time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical and biological properties of the new nanostructural biomaterials based on calcium silicate systems (CS) and a mixture of hydroxyapatite and calcium silicate systems (HA-CS). Solubility and porosity of a experimental materials CS and HA-CS were measured after 28 days of immersion in simulated tissue fluid. Solubility and porosity of experimental CS and HA-CS sealers were measured after 24 h of immersion in simulated tissue fluid. Marginal microleakage of materials CS and HA-CS was evaluated by the dye penetration method, six months after material application in furcal perforations of extracted teeth. Bond strength to dentin of materials CS and HA-CS and sealers CS and HA-CS, was measured by the push-out test..., Tokom prethodne dve decenije, ostvaren je značajan napredak u oblasti endodontske terapije uvođenjem novih biomaterijala, superniornih osobina u odnosu na konvencionalne materijale. Biomaterijale, pored biokompatibilnosti odlikuje i bioaktivnost odnosno sposobnost indukcije ćelijske diferencijacije i proliferacije koja omogućava regeneraciju tkiva. Najznačajniji među novim materijalima su svakako kalcijum silikatni cementi sa izuzetnim biološkim i adekvatnim fizičkim svojstvima. Ipak, kliničku primenu ovih materijala otežava dugo vreme vezivanja i ispiranje sa mesta aplikacije. Kalcijum fosfatni cementi su takođe predmet brojnih istraživanja, ali se i pored biokompatibilnosti, usled loših mehaničkih svojstava, ne mogu samostalno koristiti u svojstvu endodontskih cemenata. U cilju prevazilaženja negativnih svojstava kalcijum silikatnih i kalcijum fosfatnih cemenata, inovativnom tehnologijom sintetisana su dva nanostrukturna biomaterijala na bazi kalcijum silikatnih sistema (CS) i mešavine hidroksiapatita i kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (HA-CS). Unapređenom tehnologijom dobijeni su materijali izražene aktivnosti čestica, sa značajno kraćim vremenom vezivanja u odnosu na komercijalno dostupne materijale sličnog hemijskog sastava. Osnovne formulacije materijala CS i HA-CS, su potom hemijski modifikovane, u cilju dobijanja kanalnih silera, fluidnije konzistencije i dužeg vremena vezivanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispitaju fizička i biološka svojstva novosintetisanih nanostrukturnih biomaterijala na bazi aktivnih kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (CS) i mešavine hidroksiapatita i kalcijumsilikatnih sistema (HA-CS). Rastvorljivost i poroznost osnovnih formulacija eksperimentalnih materijala CS i HA-CS ispitivana je merenjem promena u masi uzoraka materijala nakon čuvanja uzoraka tokom 28 dana u veštačkom tkivnom fluidu...

The aim of the study was to investigate rat connective tissue response to a new calcium silicate system 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after implantation. Twenty Wistar albino male rats received two tubes half-filled with a new calcium silicate system (NCSS) or MTA in subcutaneous tissue. The empty half of the tubes served as controls. Five animals were sacrificed after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days and samples of the subcutaneous tissue around implanted material were submitted to histological analysis. The intensity of inflammation was evaluated based on the number of inflammatory cells present. Statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA and Holm Sidak's multiple comparison tests. Mild to moderate inflammatory reaction was observed after 7, 15 and 30 days around a NCSS while mild inflammatory reaction was detected after 60 days of implantation. In the MTA group, mild to moderate inflammatory reaction was found after 7 and 15 days while mild inflammatory reaction was present after 30 and 60 days. There was no statistically significant difference in the intensity of inflammatory reactions between the tested materials and control groups in any experimental period (ANOVA p>0.05). Regarding the intensity of inflammatory reactions at different experimental periods, a statistically significant difference was observed between 7 and 30 days, 7 and 60 days and 15 to 60 days for both materials. For the controls, a statistically significant difference was found between 7 and 60 days and 15 and 60 days of the experiment (Holm Sidak lt p 0.001). Subcutaneous tissue of rats showed good tolerance to a new calcium silicate system. Inflammatory reaction was similar to that caused by MTA., Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita biokompatibilnost novog kalcijum silikatnog sistema nakon in vivo implantacije u potkožno tkivo pacova. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 20 Wistar albino pacova muškog pola. U svaku životinju implantirane su dve tube do pola ispunjene novim kalcijum silikatnim sistemom (NCSS) odnosno MTA-om. Prazne polovine tuba služile su kao kontrola. Po 5 životinja žrtvovano je nakon 7, 15, 30 i 60 dana, nakon čega su uzorci potkožnog tkiva oko implantiranog materijala pripremljeni za histološku analizu. Intezitet zapaljenske reakcije je procenjivan na osnovu broja prisutnih ćelija zapaljenja. Statistička analiza je urađena ANOVA testom i Holm Sidak-ovim testom višestruke komparacije. U eksperimentalnim periodima 7, 15 i 30 dana u NCSS grupi je uočena blaga do umerena zapaljenska reakcija, a nakon 60 dana samo blaga zapaljenska reakcija. UMTA grupi, nakon 7 i 15 dana uočena je blaga do umerena zapaljenska reakcija, a nakon 30 i 60 dana blaga zapaljenska reakcija. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u intezitetu zapaljenske reakcije između testiranih materijala i kontrolne grupe ni u jednom eksperimentalnom periodu (ANOVA p>0.05). Poređenjem inteziteta zapaljenskih reakcija u različitim eksperimentalnim periodima, uočeno je postojanje statistički značajnih razlika kod oba testirana materijala između 7 i 30 dana, 7 i 60 dana kao i između 15 i 60 dana, a kod kontrole između 7 i 60 dana i 15 i 60 dana eksperimenta (Holm Sidak p lt 0.001). Novi kalcijum silikatni sistem je pokazao biokompatibilno ponašanje. Inflamatorne reakcije potkožnog tkiva bile su slične onima koje je izazvao MTA.

The aim of the study was to investigate rat connective tissue response to a new calcium silicate system 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after implantation. Twenty Wistar albino male rats received two tubes half-filled with a new calcium silicate system (NCSS) or MTA in subcutaneous tissue. The empty half of the tubes served as controls. Five animals were sacrificed after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days and samples of the subcutaneous tissue around implanted material were submitted to histological analysis. The intensity of inflammation was evaluated based on the number of inflammatory cells present. Statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA and Holm Sidak's multiple comparison tests. Mild to moderate inflammatory reaction was observed after 7, 15 and 30 days around a NCSS while mild inflammatory reaction was detected after 60 days of implantation. In the MTA group, mild to moderate inflammatory reaction was found after 7 and 15 days while mild inflammatory reaction was present after 30 and 60 days. There was no statistically significant difference in the intensity of inflammatory reactions between the tested materials and control groups in any experimental period (ANOVA p>0.05). Regarding the intensity of inflammatory reactions at different experimental periods, a statistically significant difference was observed between 7 and 30 days, 7 and 60 days and 15 to 60 days for both materials. For the controls, a statistically significant difference was found between 7 and 60 days and 15 and 60 days of the experiment (Holm Sidak lt p 0.001). Subcutaneous tissue of rats showed good tolerance to a new calcium silicate system. Inflammatory reaction was similar to that caused by MTA., Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita biokompatibilnost novog kalcijum silikatnog sistema nakon in vivo implantacije u potkožno tkivo pacova. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 20 Wistar albino pacova muškog pola. U svaku životinju implantirane su dve tube do pola ispunjene novim kalcijum silikatnim sistemom (NCSS) odnosno MTA-om. Prazne polovine tuba služile su kao kontrola. Po 5 životinja žrtvovano je nakon 7, 15, 30 i 60 dana, nakon čega su uzorci potkožnog tkiva oko implantiranog materijala pripremljeni za histološku analizu. Intezitet zapaljenske reakcije je procenjivan na osnovu broja prisutnih ćelija zapaljenja. Statistička analiza je urađena ANOVA testom i Holm Sidak-ovim testom višestruke komparacije. U eksperimentalnim periodima 7, 15 i 30 dana u NCSS grupi je uočena blaga do umerena zapaljenska reakcija, a nakon 60 dana samo blaga zapaljenska reakcija. UMTA grupi, nakon 7 i 15 dana uočena je blaga do umerena zapaljenska reakcija, a nakon 30 i 60 dana blaga zapaljenska reakcija. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u intezitetu zapaljenske reakcije između testiranih materijala i kontrolne grupe ni u jednom eksperimentalnom periodu (ANOVA p>0.05). Poređenjem inteziteta zapaljenskih reakcija u različitim eksperimentalnim periodima, uočeno je postojanje statistički značajnih razlika kod oba testirana materijala između 7 i 30 dana, 7 i 60 dana kao i između 15 i 60 dana, a kod kontrole između 7 i 60 dana i 15 i 60 dana eksperimenta (Holm Sidak p lt 0.001). Novi kalcijum silikatni sistem je pokazao biokompatibilno ponašanje. Inflamatorne reakcije potkožnog tkiva bile su slične onima koje je izazvao MTA.