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Dataset: Carpenter 2018: physical data, Temperature and irradiance from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia from November of 2015 to March of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754644, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms not fixed to flume floor, These data describe the mobile fauna in the flumes that were not fixed to the bottom of the flume. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793628, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms used to calculate growth and for community analysis, These data include sizes of organisms used to calculate growth and for community analysis and percent cover of each organism described from planar photographs. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793682, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms not fixed to flume floor, These data describe the mobile fauna in the flumes that were not fixed to the bottom of the flume. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793628, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor, These data describe the fauna that was secured to a metal grid in the bottom of the flume. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793674, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: hourly metabolism, This dataset contains hourly coral community metabolism data from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia. These measurements were taken during an experiment designed to measure coral reef community metabolism responses to ocean acidification over a 4-month period from November 13th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016. These data were published in Carpenter et al. (2018). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754685, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: metabolism, This dataset contains coral community metabolism data from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia. These measurements were taken during an experiment designed to measure coral reef community metabolism responses to ocean acidification over a 4-month period from November 13th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016. These data were published in Carpenter et al. (2018). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754676, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: metabolism, This dataset contains coral community metabolism data from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia. These measurements were taken during an experiment designed to measure coral reef community metabolism responses to ocean acidification over a 4-month period from November 13th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016. These data were published in Carpenter et al. (2018). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754676, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: carbonate chemistry, For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754694, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: hourly metabolism, This dataset contains hourly coral community metabolism data from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia. These measurements were taken during an experiment designed to measure coral reef community metabolism responses to ocean acidification over a 4-month period from November 13th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016. These data were published in Carpenter et al. (2018). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754685, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms used to calculate growth and for community analysis, These data include sizes of organisms used to calculate growth and for community analysis and percent cover of each organism described from planar photographs. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793682, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor, These data describe the fauna that was secured to a metal grid in the bottom of the flume. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793674, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: carbonate chemistry, For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754694, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: physical data, Temperature and irradiance from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia from November of 2015 to March of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754644, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: hourly metabolism, This dataset contains hourly coral community metabolism data from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia. These measurements were taken during an experiment designed to measure coral reef community metabolism responses to ocean acidification over a 4-month period from November 13th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016. These data were published in Carpenter et al. (2018). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754685, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms used to calculate growth and for community analysis, These data include sizes of organisms used to calculate growth and for community analysis and percent cover of each organism described from planar photographs. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793682, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: metabolism, This dataset contains coral community metabolism data from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia. These measurements were taken during an experiment designed to measure coral reef community metabolism responses to ocean acidification over a 4-month period from November 13th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016. These data were published in Carpenter et al. (2018). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754676, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: carbonate chemistry, For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754694, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms not fixed to flume floor, These data describe the mobile fauna in the flumes that were not fixed to the bottom of the flume. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793628, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor, These data describe the fauna that was secured to a metal grid in the bottom of the flume. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793674, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Dataset: Carpenter 2018: physical data, Temperature and irradiance from outdoor flumes at the UCB Gump Research Station Moorea, French Polynesia from November of 2015 to March of 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/754644, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1415268

Since its description in 1984, little attention has been paid to the New Caledonian endemic mushroom coral Cantharellus noumeae (Fungiidae), an IUCN Red-listed, endangered coral species. Our study presents the first ever quantitative assessment conducted on C. noumeae populations for two contrasting sites in the same turbid bay. Sites differed by their substrates of artificial or natural origins. Metal concentrations of superficial sediment were measured. C. noumeae was found in high densities in metal-rich and turbid environments at both locations, reaching up to 288 individuals per 50m2. It was 3.5 times more abundant on natural rock than on artificial substrates. Recruitment was also higher proportionally on rock (47% vs 7-14%). The composition of the associated coral communities included 30-37 species occurring in low densities. Our findings clarify the environmental niche of this species and its colonization potential, in order to eventually better characterize its conservation status.

Inshore turbid zone reefs on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) occur within 20 km of the mainland coast under marine environmental conditions (with respect to sedimentation rates, turbidity and water quality) that are generally considered marginal for reef growth. Despite this, data from various benthic habitat assessments report high (N30%) coral cover in these environments and reef core records show them to be characterised by relatively rapid rates of vertical accretion (2–8 mm/year), a long-term trend indicative of high net carbonate productivity and in-situ carbonate framework accumulation. However, the lack of quantitative data on terrigenous sediment input and flux rates, and on carbonate production rates has inhibited understanding of both ecological timescale rates of carbonate production and the aggregated long-term net impacts of sediments on reef growth. To address this knowledge gap a modern carbonate budget and terrigenous sediment model, that quantified allochthonous sediment inputs onto, within and off reef, was developed at two inshore reefs: Middle Reef and Paluma Shoals. Both are located within the central region of the GBR and are subjected to high terrigenous sediment load (N11,000 tonnes/year) and fluctuating turbidity (5 to N100 mg/L) regimes.Based on sediment dynamic modelling, over 81% of sediments delivered were transported off reef, with net sediment accumulation limited to sheltered reef habitats. Net carbonate production was high (N6.9 kg/m2/year) due to high coral cover (N30%), high coral calcification rates (Acropora average 6.3 g/cm2/year), and low bioerosion rates (0.3 to 5 kg/m2/year), but varied spatially with highest net carbonate production (N10 kg/m2/year) within deep (N-2 m at LAT) windward reef zones. High carbonate framework production has enabled Middle Reef and Paluma Shoals to vertically accrete rapidly: Middle Reef establishing at depths of ~4 m, Paluma Shoals at ~3 m depth and both reaching sea level in b1200 years. Carbonate

Given the difficulty to visit Serranilla, Alice Shoal, and New Shoal, information about their ecosystems is limited and the only data available comes from landings of the industrial fishing fleet. We visited these areas in order to study their reef systems; coral cover was estimated at 26, 14, and 42 stations, respectively. Characterization was made using the ERA method, monitoring 400 m2 per station. Coral cover in New Shoal was 30.2% ± 19.1%, and peripheral reefs showed similar growth to the ones described for other similar oceanic formations in the Archipelago. The lagoon has depths between 6-20 m, where living coral reached up to 70%. In Serranilla, coral cover was low (13.0 ± 6.9%), macroalgae was dominant in most of the stations (43.8% ± 15.7%), and the genus Gorgonia was highly dominant (20.8 ± 15.2%). The highest coral cover was found in the largest fraction of the barrier (NW). The Alice Shoal reef is permanently submerged and is dominantly covered by macroalgae (32.9% ± 17.1%); coral growth (15.7% ± 7.9%) is associated with cracks and elevations of the calcareous matrix. Currently, reef conditions in the Archipelago are similar, although isolation plays a central role in the conservation of New Shoal, where the hard coral cover is the largest in the entire Seaflower Biosphere Reserve., Dada la dificultad de visitar dichas zonas remotas existe poca información sobre sus ecosistemas y los datos existentes provienen de desembarques de pesca industrial. Buscando establecer una aproximación al estudio de sus sistemas arrecifales, se visitaron Serranilla, Bajo Alicia y Bajo Nuevo, estimando la cobertura en 26, 14 y 42 estaciones, respectivamente. Para la caracterización se aplicó la metodología ERA, monitoreando 400 m2 por estación. La cobertura coralina de Bajo Nuevo fue 30.2% ± 19.1%, y se observa un desarrollo del arrecife periférico similar al descrito para estas formaciones oceánicas en el Archipiélago. La laguna arrecifal tiene profundidades entre 6-20 m, donde el coral vivo alcanzó hasta el 70%. En Serranilla, la cobertura coralina fue baja (13.0% ± 6.9%); la mayoría de estaciones estuvieron dominadas por macroalgas (43.8% ± 15.7%) y existe una alta dominancia del género Gorgonia (20.8% ± 15.2%). La mayor cobertura coralina se encontró en la fracción más extensa de la barrera (NW). En Bajo Alicia, el arrecife no emerge y es dominado por macroalgas (32.9% ± 17.1%); el desarrollo coralino (15.7% ± 7.9%) está asociado a grietas o elevaciones de la matriz calcárea. Actualmente, las condiciones de los arrecifes del Archipiélago son similares, aunque el aislamiento juega un papel importante en la conservación de Bajo Nuevo, donde se encuentra la cobertura de coral duro más alta de la RB Seaflower.

The Gulf is located in a subtropical, hyper-arid region. It is shallow, and bordered by several wealthy states (Fig. 16.1) undergoing rapid economic growth involving substantial construction along shores and offshore regions, underpinned by its oil and gas industry, and by wealth derived from financial centres. Thriving economic activity has, over the past few decades, begun to exert significant pressure on the Gulf’s marine environment. It is changing rapidly, by developments which include construction, substantial coastline alterations, habitat loss, creation of beds of shifting or suspended sediments, and temperature and salinity changes in restricted water flows along the coast, as well as by climate warming. The Gulf suffers from a “shifting baseline syndrome” (Pauly 1995; Sheppard 1995) and it is difficult to find any meaningful baselines, not only because of ongoing, intensive constructions that cause large-scale alterations of the environment, but also because of several recent episodes of marine mortality from seawater warming.