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1. Charging of free-falling test masses in orbit due to cosmic rays: Results from LISA Pathfinder

Author

Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A.M., Danzmann, K., De Deus, Silva M., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E.D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M.-S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Killow, C.J., Korsakova, N., Lobo, J.A., López-Zaragoza, J.P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martino, J., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., McNamara, P.W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D.I., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C.F., Sumner, T.J., Texier, D., Thorpe, J.I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P.J., Weber, W.J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zweifel, P., Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A.M., Danzmann, K., De Deus, Silva M., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E.D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M.-S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Killow, C.J., Korsakova, N., Lobo, J.A., López-Zaragoza, J.P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martino, J., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., McNamara, P.W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D.I., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C.F., Sumner, T.J., Texier, D., Thorpe, J.I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P.J., Weber, W.J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.

Abstract

A comprehensive summary of the measurements made to characterize test-mass charging due to the space environment during the LISA Pathfinder mission is presented. Measurements of the residual charge of the test mass after release by the grabbing and positioning mechanism show that the initial charge of the test masses was negative after all releases, leaving the test mass with a potential in the range from -12 to -512. Variations in the neutral test-mass charging rate between 21.7 and 30.7 e s-1 were observed over the course of the 17-month science operations produced by cosmic ray flux changes including a Forbush decrease associated with a small solar energetic particle event. A dependence of the cosmic ray charging rate on the test-mass potential between -30.2 and -40.3 e s-1 V-1 was observed resulting in an equilibrium test-mass potential between 670 and 960 mV, and this is attributed to a contribution to charging from low-energy electrons emitted from the gold surfaces of the gravitational reference sensor. Data from the onboard particle detector show a reliable correlation with the charging rate and with other environmental monitors of the cosmic ray flux. This correlation is exploited to extrapolate test-mass charging rates to a 20-year period giving useful insight into the expected range of charging rate that may be observed in the LISA mission.

Published
2023

2. Charging of free-falling test masses in orbit due to cosmic rays: Results from LISA Pathfinder

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Jetzer, Philippe, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-3497, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, et al, Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Jetzer, Philippe, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-3497, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, and et al

Abstract

A comprehensive summary of the measurements made to characterize test-mass charging due to the space environment during the LISA Pathfinder mission is presented. Measurements of the residual charge of the test mass after release by the grabbing and positioning mechanism show that the initial charge of the test masses was negative after all releases, leaving the test mass with a potential in the range from −12 to −512. Variations in the neutral test-mass charging rate between 21.7 and 30.7 e s$^{−1}$ were observed over the course of the 17-month science operations produced by cosmic ray flux changes including a Forbush decrease associated with a small solar energetic particle event. A dependence of the cosmic ray charging rate on the test-mass potential between −30.2 and −40.3 e s$^{−1}$ V$^{−1}$ was observed resulting in an equilibrium test-mass potential between 670 and 960 mV, and this is attributed to a contribution to charging from low-energy electrons emitted from the gold surfaces of the gravitational reference sensor. Data from the onboard particle detector show a reliable correlation with the charging rate and with other environmental monitors of the cosmic ray flux. This correlation is exploited to extrapolate test-mass charging rates to a 20-year period giving useful insight into the expected range of charging rate that may be observed in the LISA mission.

Published
2023

3. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: A data analysis

Author

Jetzer, P, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-3497, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, et al, Jetzer, P, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-3497, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, and et al

Abstract

We present a study of the tilt-to-length coupling noise during the LISA Pathfinder mission and how it depended on the system’s alignment. Tilt-to-length coupling noise is the unwanted coupling of angular and lateral spacecraft or test mass motion into the primary interferometric displacement readout. It was one of the major noise sources in the LISA Pathfinder mission and is likewise expected to be a primary noise source in LISA. We demonstrate here that a recently derived and published analytical model describes the dependency of the LISA Pathfinder tilt-to-length coupling noise on the alignment of the two freely falling test masses. This was verified with the data taken before and after the realignments performed in March (engineering days) and June 2016, and during a two-day experiment in February 2017 (long cross-talk experiment). The latter was performed with the explicit goal of testing the tilt-to-length coupling noise dependency on the test mass alignment. Using the analytical model, we show that all realignments performed during the mission were only partially successful and explain the reasons why. In addition to the analytical model, we computed another physical tilt-to-length coupling model via a minimizing routine making use of the long cross-talk experiment data. A similar approach could prove useful for the LISA mission.

Published
2023

4. Sensor noise in LISA Pathfinder: An extensive in-flight review of the angular and longitudinal interferometric measurement system

Author

Jetzer, P, Tiwari, S, Lopez, D, Haney, M, Ebersold, M, Boitier, A, Hamilton, E, Xu, Y, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Flatscher, R, Freschi, M, García, A, Gerndt, R, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Guzman, F, et al, Jetzer, Philippe; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-0296, Jetzer, P, Tiwari, S, Lopez, D, Haney, M, Ebersold, M, Boitier, A, Hamilton, E, Xu, Y, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Flatscher, R, Freschi, M, García, A, Gerndt, R, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Guzman, F, et al, and Jetzer, Philippe; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-0296

Abstract

In a previous article, we have reported on the first subpicometer interferometer flown in space as part of ESA’s LISA Pathfinder mission, and have shown the residual sensor noise to be on the level of 32.0$^{+2.4}_{−1.7}$ fm/√Hz. This review provides a deeper and more complete overview of the full system and its interferometric mission performance under varying operational conditions, allowing a much more detailed view on the noise model. We also include the optical measurements of rotations through differential wave front sensing (DWS), which reached a sensitivity of as good as 100 prad/√Hz. We present more evidence for the long-term stability of the interferometric performance and components. This proves a solid foundation for future interferometry in space such as the LISA mission.

Published
2022

5. Transient acceleration events in LISA Pathfinder data: Properties and possible physical origin

Author

Jetzer, P, Tiwari, S, Lopez, D, Haney, M, Ebersold, M, Boitier, A, Hamilton, Eleanor Z; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-9114, Xu, Y, Cesarini, A, Chiavegato, V, Cruise, A M, Dal Bosco, D, Danzmann, K, De Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, et al, Jetzer, P, Tiwari, S, Lopez, D, Haney, M, Ebersold, M, Boitier, A, Hamilton, Eleanor Z; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-9114, Xu, Y, Cesarini, A, Chiavegato, V, Cruise, A M, Dal Bosco, D, Danzmann, K, De Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, and et al

Abstract

We present an in depth analysis of the transient events, or glitches, detected at a rate of about one per day in the differential acceleration data of LISA Pathfinder. We show that these glitches fall in two rather distinct categories: fast transients in the interferometric motion readout on one side, and true force transient events on the other. The former are fast and rare in ordinary conditions. The second may last from seconds to hours and constitute the majority of the glitches. We present an analysis of the physical and statistical properties of both categories, including a cross-analysis with other time series like magnetic fields, temperature, and other dynamical variables. Based on these analyses we discuss the possible sources of the force glitches and identify the most likely, among which the outgassing environment surrounding the test-masses stands out. We discuss the impact of these findings on the LISA design and operation, and some risk mitigation measures, including experimental studies that may be conducted on the ground, aimed at clarifying some of the questions left open by our analysis.

Published
2022

6. Sensor Noise in LISA Pathfinder: In-Flight Performance of the Optical Test Mass Readout

Author

Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., de Deus Silva, M., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E.D., Flatscher, R., Freschi, M., García, A., Gerndt, R., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Guzman, F., Harrison, I., Hartig, M.-S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johann, U., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Killow, C.J., Korsakova, N., Lobo, J.A., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., Martino, J., McNamara, P.W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Monsky, A., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D.I., Russano, G., Sanjuan, J., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C.F., Steier, F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J.I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wand, V., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P. J., Weber, W.J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zweifel, P., Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., de Deus Silva, M., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E.D., Flatscher, R., Freschi, M., García, A., Gerndt, R., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Guzman, F., Harrison, I., Hartig, M.-S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johann, U., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Killow, C.J., Korsakova, N., Lobo, J.A., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., Martino, J., McNamara, P.W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Monsky, A., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D.I., Russano, G., Sanjuan, J., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C.F., Steier, F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J.I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wand, V., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P. J., Weber, W.J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.

Abstract

We report on the first subpicometer interferometer flown in space. It was part of ESA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and performed the fundamental measurement of the positional and angular motion of two free-falling test masses. The interferometer worked immediately, stably, and reliably from switch on until the end of the mission with exceptionally low residual noise of 32.0-1.7+2.4 fm/Hz, significantly better than required. We present an upper limit for the sensor performance at millihertz frequencies and a model for the measured sensitivity above 200 mHz.

Published
2021

7. LISA pathfinder performance confirmed in an open-loop configuration: Results from the free-fall actuation mode

Author

Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A.M., Danzmann, K., De Deus Silva, M., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E.D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M.-S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C.J., Lobo, J.A., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J.P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Meshksar, N., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P.W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D.I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C.F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J.I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P.J., Weber, W.J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zweifel, P., Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A.M., Danzmann, K., De Deus Silva, M., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E.D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M.-S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C.J., Lobo, J.A., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J.P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Meshksar, N., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P.W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D.I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C.F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J.I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P.J., Weber, W.J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.

Abstract

We report on the results of the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) free-fall mode experiment, in which the control force needed to compensate the quasistatic differential force acting on two test masses is applied intermittently as a series of "impulse" forces lasting a few seconds and separated by roughly 350 s periods of true free fall. This represents an alternative to the normal LPF mode of operation in which this balancing force is applied continuously, with the advantage that the acceleration noise during free fall is measured in the absence of the actuation force, thus eliminating associated noise and force calibration errors. The differential acceleration noise measurement presented here with the free-fall mode agrees with noise measured with the continuous actuation scheme, representing an important and independent confirmation of the LPF result. An additional measurement with larger actuation forces also shows that the technique can be used to eliminate actuation noise when this is a dominant factor. © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2019

8. LISA Pathfinder Performance Confirmed in an Open-Loop Configuration: Results from the Free-Fall Actuation Mode

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Gibert, F, Giardini, D, Giusteri, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-5037, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Jetzer, Philippe, et al, Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Gibert, F, Giardini, D, Giusteri, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-5037, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Jetzer, Philippe, and et al

Abstract

We report on the results of the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) free-fall mode experiment, in which the control force needed to compensate the quasistatic differential force acting on two test masses is applied intermittently as a series of "impulse" forces lasting a few seconds and separated by roughly 350 s periods of true free fall. This represents an alternative to the normal LPF mode of operation in which this balancing force is applied continuously, with the advantage that the acceleration noise during free fall is measured in the absence of the actuation force, thus eliminating associated noise and force calibration errors. The differential acceleration noise measurement presented here with the free-fall mode agrees with noise measured with the continuous actuation scheme, representing an important and independent confirmation of the LPF result. An additional measurement with larger actuation forces also shows that the technique can be used to eliminate actuation noise when this is a dominant factor.

Published
2019

9. Beyond the Required LISA Free-Fall Performance: New LISA Pathfinder Results down to 20 mu Hz

Author

Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., de Deus Silva, M., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspe, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Meshksar, N., Martin, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P. J., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zweifel, P., Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., de Deus Silva, M., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspe, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Meshksar, N., Martin, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P. J., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.

Abstract

In the months since the publication of the first results, the noise performance of LISA Pathfinder has improved because of reduced Brownian noise due to the continued decrease in pressure around the test masses, from a better correction of noninertial effects, and from a better calibration of the electrostatic force actuation. In addition, the availability of numerous long noise measurement runs, during which no perturbation is purposely applied to the test masses, has allowed the measurement of noise with good statistics down to 20 mu Hz. The Letter presents the measured differential acceleration noise figure, which is at (1.74 +/- 0.01) fm s(-2)/root Hz above 2 mHz and (6 +/- 1) x 10 fm s(-2)/root Hz at 20 mu Hz, and discusses the physical sources for the measured noise. This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency.

Published
2018

10. Charge-Induced Force Noise on Free-Falling Test Masses: Results from LISA Pathfinder

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Auger, G, Baird, J T, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Brandt, N, Bursi, A, Caleno, M, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dolesi, R, Dunbar, N, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Flatscher, R, Freschi, M, Gallegos, J, García Marirrodriga, C, Gerndt, R, Gesa, L, Gibert, F, Giardini, D, Giusteri, R, et al, Armano, M, Audley, H, Auger, G, Baird, J T, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Brandt, N, Bursi, A, Caleno, M, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dolesi, R, Dunbar, N, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Flatscher, R, Freschi, M, Gallegos, J, García Marirrodriga, C, Gerndt, R, Gesa, L, Gibert, F, Giardini, D, Giusteri, R, and et al

Published
2017

11. Sub-Femto- g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results

Author

Armano, M., Audley, H., Auger, G., Baird, J.T., Bassan, M., Binetruy, P., Born, Michael, Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Caleno, M., Carbone, L., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Ciani, G., Congedo, G., Cruise, A.M., Danzmann, Karsten, De Deus Silva, M., De Rosa, R., Diaz-Aguiló, M., et al., Armano, M., Audley, H., Auger, G., Baird, J.T., Bassan, M., Binetruy, P., Born, Michael, Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Caleno, M., Carbone, L., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Ciani, G., Congedo, G., Cruise, A.M., Danzmann, Karsten, De Deus Silva, M., De Rosa, R., Diaz-Aguiló, M., and et al.

Abstract

We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2±0.1 fm s−2/Hz, or (0.54±0.01)×10−15 g/Hz, with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8±0.3) fm/Hz, about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f≤0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s−2/Hz down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.

Published
2016

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