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Attending to emotion can shed light on why recognizing an ethical issue and taking responsibility for it can be so demanding. To examine emotions related to taking or not taking responsibility for ethical action, we conducted a semi-structured interview study with 23 individuals working in interaction design and developing AI systems in Scandinavian countries. Through a thematic analysis of how participants attribute ethical responsibility, we identify three ethical stances, that is, discursive approaches to answering the question 'who should act': an individualized I-stance ("the responsibility is mine"), a collective we-stance ("the responsibility is ours"), and a distanced they-stance ("the responsibility is someone else's"). Further, we introduce the concepts of distancing and vulnerability to analyze the emotion work that these three ethical stances place on technology practitioners in situations of low- and high-scale technology development, where they have more or less control over the outcomes of their work. We show how the we- and they-stances let technology practitioners distance themselves from the results of their activity, while the I-stance makes them more vulnerable to emotional and material risks. By illustrating the emotional dimensions involved in recognizing ethical issues and embracing responsibility, our study contributes to the field of Ethics in Practice. We argue that emotions play a pivotal role in technology practitioners' decision-making process, influencing their choices to either take action or refrain from doing so.

I mars 2020 klassades Covid-19 som en pandemi och kan liknas en kris vilket medförde att flera företag fått ändra om sina arbetssätt för att kunna förhålla sig till restriktionerna. Revisionsyrket har likt många andra verksamheter drabbats av distansering där fysisk kontakt med kollegor och kunder begränsats. Detta har gjort att revisorn har behövt hitta alternativa sätt för att genomföra arbetet. De nya omständigheterna innebär att det krävs mer forskning inom ämnet för att se hur det påverkar revisorns arbete, då tidigare kriser har visat sig ha en påverkan på revisionskvaliteten. Det förändrade arbetssättet förväntas även delvis fortsätta framgent vilket gör studien aktuell. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur revisorns arbete har påverkats under distanseringen och hur det har påverkat revisionskvaliteten. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi där sammanlagt tio respondenter deltog genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Samtliga respondenter har varit verksamma inom revisionsyrket i minst två år från det att Covid-19 klassades som en pandemi, vilket gjorde att de hade erfarenhet av såväl arbete på distans som på arbetsplatsen. Studiens resultat indikerar att distanseringen har påverkat revisorns arbete, vilket har påverkat revisorns tillstånd av komfort som i sin tur har en inverkan på revisionskvaliteten. Revisorn har behövt använda alternativa sätt vid insamling av revisionsbevis vilket har varit extra kännbart vid lagerinventering. Distanseringen har påverkat kommunikationen med kollegor och kunder vilket har försvårat kunskapsutbytet och förståelsen av det reviderade bolaget. Samtidigt har distanseringen effektiviserat arbetet och gjort det mer flexibelt där nya möjligheter skapats. För att möjliggöra arbetet under distanseringen har digitala lösningar använts i större utsträckning av både revisorerna och kunderna. Fortsättningsvis kommer revisorerna kombinera distansarbete, arbete på kontor och ute hos kund eftersom studien indikera, In March 2020, Covid-19 was classified as a pandemic and can be likened to a crisis, which meant that several companies have changed their working methods to be able to relate to the restrictions. The auditing profession, like many other businesses, has been affected by distancing where physical contact with colleagues and customers has been limited. This has meant that the auditor had to find alternative ways of carrying out the work. The new circumstances mean that more research is needed in the subject to see how it affects the auditor's work as previous crises have been shown to have an impact on the audit quality. The changed way of working, which is partly expected to continue in the future, makes this study relevant. The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of how the auditor's work has been affected during the distancing and how it has affected the audit quality. The study is based on a qualitative research strategy and a total of ten respondents participated through semi-structured interviews. All respondents have been active in the auditing profession for at least two years since covid-19 was classified as a pandemic, which meant that the auditors had experience of both working from home and at the workplace. The results of the study indicate that the distancing has affected the auditor's work, which has affected the auditor's state of comfort, which in turn has an impact on the audit quality. The auditor has had to use alternative methods when collecting audit evidence, which has been particularly noticeable during the inventory. The distancing has affected communication with colleagues and customers, which has made it difficult to exchange knowledge and understand the audited company. The distancing has at the same time streamlined the work and made it more flexible where new opportunities have been created. To enable the work during the distancing, digital solutions have been used to a greater extent by both the auditors and the custom

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms among people living with HIV (PLWH) are not well described.SettingLongitudinal survey within the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) of PLWH compared with similar HIV-seronegative (SN) individuals.MethodsTelephone-administered survey of MWCCS participants at 13 clinical research sites across the United States addressing COVID-19 symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pandemic impact on social distancing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. Primary data collection occurred during May (wave 1), June-July (wave 2), and August-September, 2020 (wave 3).ResultsOne-third of MWCCS participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection; 10% was tested ≥2 times. Similar proportions of PLWH and SN participants were tested, but SARS-CoV-2 positivity was higher among PLWH than among SN individuals (9.4% vs 4.8%, P = 0.003). Odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity remained higher among PLWH after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study site (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.2 to 3.2). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was not associated with CD4 cell counts among PLWH. Among SARS-CoV-2 positive participants, 9% had no symptoms, 7% had 1-2 mild symptoms, and 84% had ≥3 symptoms. Most of the (98%) participants reported physical distancing during all survey waves; self-reported ART adherence among PLWH was not adversely affected during the pandemic compared with the previous year (similar adherence in 89% of participants, improved in 9% of participants, and decreased in 2% of participants).ConclusionsDespite similar SARS-CoV-2 testing and physical distancing profiles by HIV serostatus among MWCCS participants, PLWH who reported SARS-CoV-2 testing were more likely to have a positive test result. Additional studies are needed to determine whether and why PLWH are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Der Beitrag will zeigen, was Corona, Distanzierung und Isolation mit unserem sinnlichen Erleben macht. Dabei wird von einem extremen Fall ausgegangen, dass man als Single lebt, also keine familiäre Umgebung hat, in der trotz Corona Intimität möglich oder sogar unausweichlich ist. Dafür wird zuerst unsere Leiblichkeit als Medium charakterisiert und sodann auf die mediale Spezifizierung unserer Leiblichkeit in unseren fünf Sinnen eingegangen. Anschliessend beschreibt der Artikel die Einschränkung und die Transformation des sinnlichen Erlebens in den einzelnen Sinnen unter der Bedingung von Isolation., The article wants to show what corona, distancing and isolation do to our sensual experience. An extreme case is assumed that you live as a single, i.e. you do not have a family environment in which intimacy is possible or even inevitable despite Corona. For this, our bodiliness is first characterized as a medium and then the media specification of our corporeality in our five senses is discussed. The article then describes the restriction and transformation of the sensual experience in the individual senses under the condition of isolation.

Presented at COVID 19 Solidarity Panel, Presentado en el Panel de Solidaridad con el COVID 19

I mars 2020 klassades Covid-19 som en pandemi och kan liknas en kris vilket medförde att flera företag fått ändra om sina arbetssätt för att kunna förhålla sig till restriktionerna. Revisionsyrket har likt många andra verksamheter drabbats av distansering där fysisk kontakt med kollegor och kunder begränsats. Detta har gjort att revisorn har behövt hitta alternativa sätt för att genomföra arbetet. De nya omständigheterna innebär att det krävs mer forskning inom ämnet för att se hur det påverkar revisorns arbete, då tidigare kriser har visat sig ha en påverkan på revisionskvaliteten. Det förändrade arbetssättet förväntas även delvis fortsätta framgent vilket gör studien aktuell. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur revisorns arbete har påverkats under distanseringen och hur det har påverkat revisionskvaliteten. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi där sammanlagt tio respondenter deltog genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Samtliga respondenter har varit verksamma inom revisionsyrket i minst två år från det att Covid-19 klassades som en pandemi, vilket gjorde att de hade erfarenhet av såväl arbete på distans som på arbetsplatsen. Studiens resultat indikerar att distanseringen har påverkat revisorns arbete, vilket har påverkat revisorns tillstånd av komfort som i sin tur har en inverkan på revisionskvaliteten. Revisorn har behövt använda alternativa sätt vid insamling av revisionsbevis vilket har varit extra kännbart vid lagerinventering. Distanseringen har påverkat kommunikationen med kollegor och kunder vilket har försvårat kunskapsutbytet och förståelsen av det reviderade bolaget. Samtidigt har distanseringen effektiviserat arbetet och gjort det mer flexibelt där nya möjligheter skapats. För att möjliggöra arbetet under distanseringen har digitala lösningar använts i större utsträckning av både revisorerna och kunderna. Fortsättningsvis kommer revisorerna kombinera distansarbete, arbete på kontor och ute hos kund eftersom studien indikera, In March 2020, Covid-19 was classified as a pandemic and can be likened to a crisis, which meant that several companies have changed their working methods to be able to relate to the restrictions. The auditing profession, like many other businesses, has been affected by distancing where physical contact with colleagues and customers has been limited. This has meant that the auditor had to find alternative ways of carrying out the work. The new circumstances mean that more research is needed in the subject to see how it affects the auditor's work as previous crises have been shown to have an impact on the audit quality. The changed way of working, which is partly expected to continue in the future, makes this study relevant. The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of how the auditor's work has been affected during the distancing and how it has affected the audit quality. The study is based on a qualitative research strategy and a total of ten respondents participated through semi-structured interviews. All respondents have been active in the auditing profession for at least two years since covid-19 was classified as a pandemic, which meant that the auditors had experience of both working from home and at the workplace. The results of the study indicate that the distancing has affected the auditor's work, which has affected the auditor's state of comfort, which in turn has an impact on the audit quality. The auditor has had to use alternative methods when collecting audit evidence, which has been particularly noticeable during the inventory. The distancing has affected communication with colleagues and customers, which has made it difficult to exchange knowledge and understand the audited company. The distancing has at the same time streamlined the work and made it more flexible where new opportunities have been created. To enable the work during the distancing, digital solutions have been used to a greater extent by both the auditors and the custom

The study ascertained the level of compliance with school-based social distancing practices among teachers and head teachers during COVID-19 pandemic in Vocational Enterprises Institute in Abuja, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and one hypothesis was formulated and tested at .5 level of significant. The research design used for this study was the descriptive survey research design, specifically, using cross-sectional study. The population of the study was 154 respondents consisting of 91 male and 63 female teachers. Total population sampling technique was used to select the whole population of the study. The instrument used for data collection was compliance with School-Based Social Distancing Practices Scale (S-BSDPS). The reliability indices of the instrument were found to be .88 and .91 using Cronbach Alpha statistical method. The study employed the use of mean to answer the research questions and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to test the null hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Findings revealed that, teachers complied with 6 items and failed to comply with1 item while head teachers complied with 7 and failed to comply with 5 items on the school-based social distancing practices scale. The study recommended that, the education secretariat of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja should enforce the full compliance with school-based social distancing practices among head teachers during COVID-19 pandemic

The study ascertained the level of compliance with school-based social distancing practices among teachers and head teachers during COVID-19 pandemic in Vocational Enterprises Institute in Abuja, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and one hypothesis was formulated and tested at .5 level of significant. The research design used for this study was the descriptive survey research design, specifically, using cross-sectional study. The population of the study was 154 respondents consisting of 91 male and 63 female teachers. Total population sampling technique was used to select the whole population of the study. The instrument used for data collection was compliance with School-Based Social Distancing Practices Scale (S-BSDPS). The reliability indices of the instrument were found to be .88 and .91 using Cronbach Alpha statistical method. The study employed the use of mean to answer the research questions and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to test the null hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Findings revealed that, teachers complied with 6 items and failed to comply with1 item while head teachers complied with 7 and failed to comply with 5 items on the school-based social distancing practices scale. The study recommended that, the education secretariat of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja should enforce the full compliance with school-based social distancing practices among head teachers during COVID-19 pandemic

The study ascertained the level of compliance with school-based social distancing practices among teachers and head teachers during COVID-19 pandemic in Vocational Enterprises Institute in Abuja, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and one hypothesis was formulated and tested at .5 level of significant. The research design used for this study was the descriptive survey research design, specifically, using cross-sectional study. The population of the study was 154 respondents consisting of 91 male and 63 female teachers. Total population sampling technique was used to select the whole population of the study. The instrument used for data collection was compliance with School-Based Social Distancing Practices Scale (S-BSDPS). The reliability indices of the instrument were found to be .88 and .91 using Cronbach Alpha statistical method. The study employed the use of mean to answer the research questions and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to test the null hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Findings revealed that, teachers complied with 6 items and failed to comply with1 item while head teachers complied with 7 and failed to comply with 5 items on the school-based social distancing practices scale. The study recommended that, the education secretariat of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja should enforce the full compliance with school-based social distancing practices among head teachers during COVID-19 pandemic

Adolescence is a unique period of development. This life phase seems to entail being sensitive to aversive and social cues. However, adolescents' performances have been seen as equivalent to that of adults in nonemotional contexts. For this reason, questions remain regarding adolescents’ sensitivity to, and cognitive regulation of, emotional content. In line with this, the following paper aimed to provide a literature review of the successful use of an emotion regulation (ER) strategy, known as reappraisal, and its normative development during adolescence. Specifically, the main focus ofthis paper was to review studies investigating age differences of adolescents' reappraisal capacity in association with related functional activity, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Reappraisal, i.e., to rethink the appraisal of an emotionally eliciting stimulus as to change one’s emotional response, is a well-studied psychological phenomenon. Research of reappraisal ability has mainly been studied on adults when viewing aversive images. Therefore, such findings in the field that are of relevance for the more in-depth review a represented. The studies reviewed suggest that reappraisal may account more for age differences in emotional responding than emotional reactivity. Generally, reappraisal ability shows increased success with increasing age. The paper ends with a discussion of results and limitations within the field, such as regarding the various terminology and instructions used for reappraisal tactics.

Adolescence is a unique period of development. This life phase seems to entail being sensitive to aversive and social cues. However, adolescents' performances have been seen as equivalent to that of adults in nonemotional contexts. For this reason, questions remain regarding adolescents’ sensitivity to, and cognitive regulation of, emotional content. In line with this, the following paper aimed to provide a literature review of the successful use of an emotion regulation (ER) strategy, known as reappraisal, and its normative development during adolescence. Specifically, the main focus ofthis paper was to review studies investigating age differences of adolescents' reappraisal capacity in association with related functional activity, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Reappraisal, i.e., to rethink the appraisal of an emotionally eliciting stimulus as to change one’s emotional response, is a well-studied psychological phenomenon. Research of reappraisal ability has mainly been studied on adults when viewing aversive images. Therefore, such findings in the field that are of relevance for the more in-depth review a represented. The studies reviewed suggest that reappraisal may account more for age differences in emotional responding than emotional reactivity. Generally, reappraisal ability shows increased success with increasing age. The paper ends with a discussion of results and limitations within the field, such as regarding the various terminology and instructions used for reappraisal tactics.

Despite presenting a widespread threat during the Golden Age, the plague was rarely dramatized in comedias. Lope de Vega’s El ganso de oro serves as a notable exception to this general trend. With its blending of genres, from the pastoral to the palatial with a strong dose of magic, the play provides insight into life during such a time of pestilence. The current COVID-19 health crisis suggests a new reading of the work, which has previously suffered from a lack of critical attention. This article reviews the key role of the plague in El ganso de oro to highlight its main theme: distancing, understood through its physical, social, and emotional manifestations, A pesar de la amenaza generalizada de peste durante el Siglo de Oro, el contagio rara vez se escenificaba en las comedias. El ganso de oro de Lope de Vega sirve como una notable excepción a esa tendencia. En su mezcla de géneros, del pastoril a la comedia palatina con una fuerte dosis de magia, la comedia nos proporciona una aproximación a la vida durante semejante tiempo de pestilencia. La crisis sanitaria actual de la COVID-19 sugiere una nueva lectura de la obra, poco estudiada anteriormente. Este artículo repasa el papel clave de la peste en El ganso de oro para destacar su tema principal: el distanciamiento, entendido a base de manifestaciones físicas, sociales y emocionales

Despite presenting a widespread threat during the Golden Age, the plague was rarely dramatized in comedias. Lope de Vega’s El ganso de oro serves as a notable exception to this general trend. With its blending of genres, from the pastoral to the palatial with a strong dose of magic, the play provides insight into life during such a time of pestilence. The current COVID-19 health crisis suggests a new reading of the work, which has previously suffered from a lack of critical attention. This article reviews the key role of the plague in El ganso de oro to highlight its main theme: distancing, understood through its physical, social, and emotional manifestations, A pesar de la amenaza generalizada de peste durante el Siglo de Oro, el contagio rara vez se escenificaba en las comedias. El ganso de oro de Lope de Vega sirve como una notable excepción a esa tendencia. En su mezcla de géneros, del pastoril a la comedia palatina con una fuerte dosis de magia, la comedia nos proporciona una aproximación a la vida durante semejante tiempo de pestilencia. La crisis sanitaria actual de la COVID-19 sugiere una nueva lectura de la obra, poco estudiada anteriormente. Este artículo repasa el papel clave de la peste en El ganso de oro para destacar su tema principal: el distanciamiento, entendido a base de manifestaciones físicas, sociales y emocionales

Numerous content analyses have found that the news media commonly depict schizophrenia in the context of crime and violence perpetration. However, there is a dearth of experimental literature examining how such news stories, especially those of television and internet media, affect the public’s perceptions of persons with the disorder. Moreover, there is a lack of research examining how specific elements included in news reports may differentially affect stigma. Such features of concern include the presence or absence of labelling and symptoms, the victim being a family member or member of the public, and the magnitude of crime committed. The present thesis aimed to address these gaps in the literature by comprehensively examining how modern news media reporting of schizophrenia in the context of crime and violence, stigmatises persons with the disorder. The specific types of stigmatic responses examined were stereotypes, emotions, personal distancing behaviours, structural discrimination, psychiatric treatment attitudes and criminal justice system attitudes. A brief analysis of how Australian television news media depict schizophrenia in the context of crime and violence was first conducted in order to create evidence-based stimuli for the three experimental studies of this thesis. Study 1 (N = 741) examined the effects of including or omitting the label and symptoms of schizophrenia in violent crime news stories as well as the effects of news medium viewed. The study found that a news story about an individual who committed murder caused similar increases in stigmatic responding towards schizophrenia compared to a mundane news story whether or not it included the label and symptoms of schizophrenia. However, for a limited number of measures, only the story with the labelling and symptoms increased stigma compared to the mundane control. Viewing news stories in television or internet formats led to markedly similar patterns of stigmatic responding towards schizophr

The world is changing... the landscape of gastro- enterology and hepatology too. First, scientific knowledge is evolving. The complex mechanisms that explain liver and digestive diseases are becoming better and better characterized. In the previous issue of Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica, for example, we discovered the role of angiogenesis in non- alcoholic steatohepatitis, one of the most common liver diseases without drug treatment available to date. [...]

Despite presenting a widespread threat during the Golden Age, the plague was rarely dramatized in comedias. Lope de Vega’s El ganso de oro serves as a notable exception to this general trend. With its blending of genres, from the pastoral to the palatial with a strong dose of magic, the play provides insight into life during such a time of pestilence. The current COVID-19 health crisis suggests a new reading of the work, which has previously suffered from a lack of critical attention. This article reviews the key role of the plague in El ganso de oro to highlight its main theme: distancing, understood through its physical, social, and emotional manifestations, A pesar de la amenaza generalizada de peste durante el Siglo de Oro, el contagio rara vez se escenificaba en las comedias. El ganso de oro de Lope de Vega sirve como una notable excepción a esa tendencia. En su mezcla de géneros, del pastoril a la comedia palatina con una fuerte dosis de magia, la comedia nos proporciona una aproximación a la vida durante semejante tiempo de pestilencia. La crisis sanitaria actual de la COVID-19 sugiere una nueva lectura de la obra, poco estudiada anteriormente. Este artículo repasa el papel clave de la peste en El ganso de oro para destacar su tema principal: el distanciamiento, entendido a base de manifestaciones físicas, sociales y emocionales

Despite presenting a widespread threat during the Golden Age, the plague was rarely dramatized in comedias. Lope de Vega’s El ganso de oro serves as a notable exception to this general trend. With its blending of genres, from the pastoral to the palatial with a strong dose of magic, the play provides insight into life during such a time of pestilence. The current COVID-19 health crisis suggests a new reading of the work, which has previously suffered from a lack of critical attention. This article reviews the key role of the plague in El ganso de oro to highlight its main theme: distancing, understood through its physical, social, and emotional manifestations, A pesar de la amenaza generalizada de peste durante el Siglo de Oro, el contagio rara vez se escenificaba en las comedias. El ganso de oro de Lope de Vega sirve como una notable excepción a esa tendencia. En su mezcla de géneros, del pastoril a la comedia palatina con una fuerte dosis de magia, la comedia nos proporciona una aproximación a la vida durante semejante tiempo de pestilencia. La crisis sanitaria actual de la COVID-19 sugiere una nueva lectura de la obra, poco estudiada anteriormente. Este artículo repasa el papel clave de la peste en El ganso de oro para destacar su tema principal: el distanciamiento, entendido a base de manifestaciones físicas, sociales y emocionales

Despite presenting a widespread threat during the Golden Age, the plague was rarely dramatized in comedias. Lope de Vega’s El ganso de oro serves as a notable exception to this general trend. With its blending of genres, from the pastoral to the palatial with a strong dose of magic, the play provides insight into life during such a time of pestilence. The current COVID-19 health crisis suggests a new reading of the work, which has previously suffered from a lack of critical attention. This article reviews the key role of the plague in El ganso de oro to highlight its main theme: distancing, understood through its physical, social, and emotional manifestations, A pesar de la amenaza generalizada de peste durante el Siglo de Oro, el contagio rara vez se escenificaba en las comedias. El ganso de oro de Lope de Vega sirve como una notable excepción a esa tendencia. En su mezcla de géneros, del pastoril a la comedia palatina con una fuerte dosis de magia, la comedia nos proporciona una aproximación a la vida durante semejante tiempo de pestilencia. La crisis sanitaria actual de la COVID-19 sugiere una nueva lectura de la obra, poco estudiada anteriormente. Este artículo repasa el papel clave de la peste en El ganso de oro para destacar su tema principal: el distanciamiento, entendido a base de manifestaciones físicas, sociales y emocionales

The conceptual model of emotion regulation (ER) of Gross and Thompson (2007) introduces families of ER strategies ordered on a temporal scale. This scale has been attributed implications both for the grouping strategies but also for the neurocognitive processing. The two event-related potential (ERP) studies of emotional regulation presented here focus on emotional regulation at different temporal distances, as well as, different stages of cognitive processing. Trying to discern if various neural processes could be disentangled by looking at different stages of the late positive potential (LPP). The theoretical background begins with the neurocognitive science of emotionality and visits cognitive processing at both early and late stages before summating results of the contemporary research of emotional regulation. 39 participants were enrolled within the two experiments aiming to compare the efficiency of different strategies in reducing negative social emotion induced by photographs of angry faces. Technical difficulties discourage conclusions about how temporal distancing is most effectively adapted. Results suggest self-focused distancing strategies are more effective than situation-focused reappraisal and could be preferred for therapeutic purposes based on greater observed LPP effect.

The present paper analyses different readings of the 3pl impersonal pronoun (3pl IMP) from the Cognitive Grammar (CG) perspective. While the well-known taxonomy established for 3pl impersonals in European languages by Siewierska & Papastathi (2011) highlights contextual features of different readings of the pronoun, CG is able to focus on what has been neglected in this approach and offers a more adequate analysis of the 3pl IMP as an important means of portraying the agent. In the article the impersonal agent is presented as unspecified and, as such, defocused to various degrees. Evidence is provided for a set of four prototypical readings of the pronoun – the corporate, the vague, the specific and the universal – constituting reference points within a continuum and differentiated as to the agent portrayal. Establishing such portrayals is seen as a phenomenon rooted in the cognitively basic mechanism of distancing, which in the case of the 3pl IMPs means approaching the perceived object by the conceptualizer, as in the schema underlying the difference between a count noun and a mass noun. The mechanism is illustrated by language data taken from English and Swedish., Niniejszy artykuł analizuje różne odczytania zaimka 3 os. l. mn. (np. pol. oni, ang. they), wykorzystywanego w funkcji bezosobowej, z punktu widzenia gramatyki kognitywnej w ujęciu R. W. Langackera. Podczas gdy taksonomia opracowana dla tego typu zaimków w językach europejskich przez Siewierską i Papastathi (2011) eksponuje cechy kontekstowe decydujące o różnych interpretacjach treści zaimka, gramatyka kognitywna uzupełnia te ujęcia i proponuje jego opis jako środka zróżnicowanego przedstawiania agensa w wypowiedzeniach. Omówione zostają cztery prototypowe odczytania zaimka - korporacyjne, niejasne, specyficzne i uniwersalne, stanowiące punkty odniesienia w kontinuum, które umożliwia określoną interpretację treści analizowanej jednostki językowej. Ustanowienie takich wzorcowych „portretów” opiera się na podstawowym mechanizmie poznawczym, którym jest przybliżanie się konceptualizatora do obiektu konceptualizacji, co w przypadku zaimka 3 os. l. mn. oznacza płynne przejście od obiektu postrzeganego jako dyskretny do obiektu konceptualizowanego jako homogeniczna substancja. Mechanizm ilustrują dane językowe zaczerpnięte z języka angielskiego i języka szwedzkiego.

I den här studien fördjupas förståelsen kring en grupp psykologers och kuratorers upplevelser om att vara i samtal med klienter, och om hur de påverkas av den sekundära psykiska påfrestningen som kan uppkomma då. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på vilka strategier de använder för att hantera svåra samtal, samt vilka strategier de använder för att bibehålla balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Sju semi-strukturerade intervjuer med kuratorer och psykologer genomfördes och bearbetades genom Interpretative phenomenological analysis metod. Materialet från intervjuerna kodades in i två huvudteman: beskrivningar om resurser och beskrivningar om egna strategier. Från beskrivningar om de resurser arbetsplatsen erbjöd framgick att handledning och kollegor var ett stort stöd både till att finna nya lösningar på svåra situationer och för ett socialt stöd. Bristfällande tid för återhämtning, krav på produktivitet och otydlig organisationsstruktur påverkar deltagarna negativt. Från beskrivningar om egna strategier betonades vikten av självmedvetenhet och reflektion över vilka som är de egna känslorna och vilka som är patientens känslor. Det för att kunna vara professionell i sitt arbete. Balanserad distansering till klienten anses vara nödvändig, och en aktiv fritid menar deltagarna gör det lättare för dem att släppa arbetet när de kommer hem. En diskussion fördes kring hur väl intervjupersonernas beskrivningar överensstämde med tidigare forskning och teorier, vilket det gjorde i stor utsträckning. Författarna delgav även sina reflektioner över sambandet., The results from this study deepens the understanding of how psychologists and welfare officers experiences therapeutical consultations with clients, and also how they are affected by the secondary mental stress that may occur. The objectives of the study are to examine which strategies the interviewees use to manage the impact difficult consultations may have on them selves, as well as which strategies they practise to maintain a healthy work and private life balance. Semi-structured interviews with seven professionals were carried out and analysed by using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method. The obtained material was coded into two main categories: descriptions of resources and descriptions of personal strategies. The results show that coaching within the profession and discussions with colleagues are the most useful strategies for finding new solutions in problematic professional issues, and also in obtaining a professional and social support. Lack of time for recovering, high productivity demands and vague organisational structures were found to have the most negative impact. The gathered material reveal a common sense that being self-conscious and able to separate own feelings from patient´s feelings are the most important factors in order to have a professional approach. A balanced emotional distance towards the client, as well as joining different activities when off duty, are commonly important strategies for being able to leave professional issues at work. A discussion on how the study´s findings relate to earlier research and theories is carried out, showing that the results are in line with these to a large extent.

I den här studien fördjupas förståelsen kring en grupp psykologers och kuratorers upplevelser om att vara i samtal med klienter, och om hur de påverkas av den sekundära psykiska påfrestningen som kan uppkomma då. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på vilka strategier de använder för att hantera svåra samtal, samt vilka strategier de använder för att bibehålla balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Sju semi-strukturerade intervjuer med kuratorer och psykologer genomfördes och bearbetades genom Interpretative phenomenological analysis metod. Materialet från intervjuerna kodades in i två huvudteman: beskrivningar om resurser och beskrivningar om egna strategier. Från beskrivningar om de resurser arbetsplatsen erbjöd framgick att handledning och kollegor var ett stort stöd både till att finna nya lösningar på svåra situationer och för ett socialt stöd. Bristfällande tid för återhämtning, krav på produktivitet och otydlig organisationsstruktur påverkar deltagarna negativt. Från beskrivningar om egna strategier betonades vikten av självmedvetenhet och reflektion över vilka som är de egna känslorna och vilka som är patientens känslor. Det för att kunna vara professionell i sitt arbete. Balanserad distansering till klienten anses vara nödvändig, och en aktiv fritid menar deltagarna gör det lättare för dem att släppa arbetet när de kommer hem. En diskussion fördes kring hur väl intervjupersonernas beskrivningar överensstämde med tidigare forskning och teorier, vilket det gjorde i stor utsträckning. Författarna delgav även sina reflektioner över sambandet., The results from this study deepens the understanding of how psychologists and welfare officers experiences therapeutical consultations with clients, and also how they are affected by the secondary mental stress that may occur. The objectives of the study are to examine which strategies the interviewees use to manage the impact difficult consultations may have on them selves, as well as which strategies they practise to maintain a healthy work and private life balance. Semi-structured interviews with seven professionals were carried out and analysed by using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method. The obtained material was coded into two main categories: descriptions of resources and descriptions of personal strategies. The results show that coaching within the profession and discussions with colleagues are the most useful strategies for finding new solutions in problematic professional issues, and also in obtaining a professional and social support. Lack of time for recovering, high productivity demands and vague organisational structures were found to have the most negative impact. The gathered material reveal a common sense that being self-conscious and able to separate own feelings from patient´s feelings are the most important factors in order to have a professional approach. A balanced emotional distance towards the client, as well as joining different activities when off duty, are commonly important strategies for being able to leave professional issues at work. A discussion on how the study´s findings relate to earlier research and theories is carried out, showing that the results are in line with these to a large extent.

In the city of Malmö urban sustainability has been a front figure in municipality development strategies. Despite this, large shopping malls are approved by the municipality and sustain patterns of consumerism. This lead into the question of how the municipality is working for sustainability within consumption, and particularly within one of the worlds most polluting industries, the clothing industry with the emerging phenomena of fast fashion. This question has been studied to further bring input to the research question: What challenges are identified in municipality work for achieving sustainable consumption of clothes? In the case study of Malmö qualitative interview and document data, resulted in mapping the municipality work for sustainable consumption of clothes. Further the work was categorized according to the theoretical approaches of the production angle and the consumption angle. These results showed that the strategies applied by the municipality from the production angle are few in number but have a high visibility to the public. The strategies within the consumption angle outnumbered the production angle but these strategies consisted of small-scale trials and temporary efforts. The study concludes that the main challenge met by municipalities is the short-term advantage of the production angle, caused by the factors identified as economic and social reasons, influenced by power. The second major challenge is to reduce consumption levels, which is a key to achieving sustainable consumption of clothes. These two challenges further contribute to the perseverance of environmental challenges, which arise in the production-consumption system sustained by the production angle but with a green label.

In the city of Malmö urban sustainability has been a front figure in municipality development strategies. Despite this, large shopping malls are approved by the municipality and sustain patterns of consumerism. This lead into the question of how the municipality is working for sustainability within consumption, and particularly within one of the worlds most polluting industries, the clothing industry with the emerging phenomena of fast fashion. This question has been studied to further bring input to the research question: What challenges are identified in municipality work for achieving sustainable consumption of clothes? In the case study of Malmö qualitative interview and document data, resulted in mapping the municipality work for sustainable consumption of clothes. Further the work was categorized according to the theoretical approaches of the production angle and the consumption angle. These results showed that the strategies applied by the municipality from the production angle are few in number but have a high visibility to the public. The strategies within the consumption angle outnumbered the production angle but these strategies consisted of small-scale trials and temporary efforts. The study concludes that the main challenge met by municipalities is the short-term advantage of the production angle, caused by the factors identified as economic and social reasons, influenced by power. The second major challenge is to reduce consumption levels, which is a key to achieving sustainable consumption of clothes. These two challenges further contribute to the perseverance of environmental challenges, which arise in the production-consumption system sustained by the production angle but with a green label.

This qualitative study is aimed to explore the leaders’ experiences of difficult conversations in their work. We have examined if they take on a different role during the difficult conversations and how communication can affect their leadership during the conversation. We have also examined the importance of the leaders’ ability to distance themselves from the sensitive subject and situation, to maintain their role as leaders. We conducted six interviews with leaders who often convey difficult messages in their daily work. The interviews were based on a semi- structured interview guide. The interview results were analyzed with the help of George H. Mead´s role-taking theory and his concept of "I" and "Me", and Erving Goffman´s dramaturgical perspective and impression management concept. The theories and concepts contributed to a deeper understanding of leaders´ experiences regarding difficult conversations. According to the results, the leaders seem to practice Role-taking in their everyday work, to be able to distance themselves from the sensitive subject and avoid getting too emotionally involved. Impression management also appears to be a useful tool that leaders use in order to control the situation during the difficult conversation. Communication, both verbal and non-verbal communication is something that is perceived by the leaders, to have an impact on the impression that the employee gets during the difficult conversations. Adapting the leaders´ ways of communication can therefore help to influence, and regulate the experience, impression and reaction the employee will have., I denna kvalitativa studie undersöker vi ledares erfarenheter av svåra samtal i arbetslivet, om dessa intar en annan roll vid svåra samtal samt på vilket sätt kommunikationen kan påverka ledarskapet under samtalet. Vi undersökte även vilken betydelse distansering har för att lyckas behålla sin roll som ledare. Vi har genomfört 6 intervjuer med ledare som ofta förmedlar svåra budskap i sitt arbete. Intervjuerna gjordes utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Sedan analyserades resultatet med hjälp av George H. Meads teori om rollövertagande och begreppen den generaliserade andre, I och Me. Samt Erving Goffmans teori om den dramaturgiska handlingsmodellen och begreppet intrycksstyrning. Teorierna och begreppen bidrog till en djupare förståelse av ledares erfarenheter av svåra samtal. Rollövertagande verkar enligt resultaten vara något som ledarna utövar, för att enklare kunna utföra sitt arbete och distansera sig, för att inte bli för emotionellt engagerad. Intrycksstyrning verkar också vara ett användbart verktyg som ledare använder sig av för att styra situationen under samtalet. Kommunikation, både verbal och icke-verbal uppfattas ha en påverkan på intrycket som medarbetaren får. Anpassning av ledarens sätt att kommunicera på kan hjälpa till att styra och reglera medarbetarens intryck och reaktion.

This qualitative study is aimed to explore the leaders’ experiences of difficult conversations in their work. We have examined if they take on a different role during the difficult conversations and how communication can affect their leadership during the conversation. We have also examined the importance of the leaders’ ability to distance themselves from the sensitive subject and situation, to maintain their role as leaders. We conducted six interviews with leaders who often convey difficult messages in their daily work. The interviews were based on a semi- structured interview guide. The interview results were analyzed with the help of George H. Mead´s role-taking theory and his concept of "I" and "Me", and Erving Goffman´s dramaturgical perspective and impression management concept. The theories and concepts contributed to a deeper understanding of leaders´ experiences regarding difficult conversations. According to the results, the leaders seem to practice Role-taking in their everyday work, to be able to distance themselves from the sensitive subject and avoid getting too emotionally involved. Impression management also appears to be a useful tool that leaders use in order to control the situation during the difficult conversation. Communication, both verbal and non-verbal communication is something that is perceived by the leaders, to have an impact on the impression that the employee gets during the difficult conversations. Adapting the leaders´ ways of communication can therefore help to influence, and regulate the experience, impression and reaction the employee will have., I denna kvalitativa studie undersöker vi ledares erfarenheter av svåra samtal i arbetslivet, om dessa intar en annan roll vid svåra samtal samt på vilket sätt kommunikationen kan påverka ledarskapet under samtalet. Vi undersökte även vilken betydelse distansering har för att lyckas behålla sin roll som ledare. Vi har genomfört 6 intervjuer med ledare som ofta förmedlar svåra budskap i sitt arbete. Intervjuerna gjordes utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Sedan analyserades resultatet med hjälp av George H. Meads teori om rollövertagande och begreppen den generaliserade andre, I och Me. Samt Erving Goffmans teori om den dramaturgiska handlingsmodellen och begreppet intrycksstyrning. Teorierna och begreppen bidrog till en djupare förståelse av ledares erfarenheter av svåra samtal. Rollövertagande verkar enligt resultaten vara något som ledarna utövar, för att enklare kunna utföra sitt arbete och distansera sig, för att inte bli för emotionellt engagerad. Intrycksstyrning verkar också vara ett användbart verktyg som ledare använder sig av för att styra situationen under samtalet. Kommunikation, både verbal och icke-verbal uppfattas ha en påverkan på intrycket som medarbetaren får. Anpassning av ledarens sätt att kommunicera på kan hjälpa till att styra och reglera medarbetarens intryck och reaktion.

La hermenéutica ha sido uno de los movimientos filosóficos más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de sus seguidores torna dificultoso establecer una unidad temática en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Ricoeur fue uno de los representantes más destacados de esta línea filosófica. En este trabajo quiero mostrar el posicionamiento de Ricoeur en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Centraré mi análisis en el intento de combinar el descubrimiento de nuestra “pertenencia” (historia, tradición) con nuestra constitutiva “distanciación” de esta pertenencia. Ricoeur encuentra la relación dialéctica entre “pertenencia – distanciación” en el concepto fenomenológico de Lebenswelt. El “mundo de la vida” tiene un momento ontológico y un momento epistemológico. Desde aquí, coloco la hermenéutica ricoeuriana en el corazón del debate hermenéutico contemporáneo, mostrando su originalidad.The hermeneutics has been one of the most important philosophical movements in the last years. However, the heterogeneity of his followers makes it difficult to establish a unit in the contemporary hermeneutics. Ricoeur was one of the most important representatives of this philosophical line. In this paper I want to show how Ricoeur positioned himself in the contemporany hermeneutics. I focus my analysis in his attempt to combine the discovery of our “belonging” (the history, tradition) with our constitutive “distancing” of this belonging. Ricoeur found the “dialectical” relation between belonging–distanciation in the phenomenological concept: Lebenswelt. The “world of life” has an ontological and epistemological moment. From here, I place the ricoeurian hermeneutics in the core of the contemporary debate in hermeneutics: showing his originality.

La hermenéutica ha sido uno de los movimientos filosóficos más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de sus seguidores torna dificultoso establecer una unidad temática en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Ricoeur fue uno de los representantes más destacados de esta línea filosófica. En este trabajo quiero mostrar el posicionamiento de Ricoeur en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Centraré mi análisis en el intento de combinar el descubrimiento de nuestra “pertenencia” (historia, tradición) con nuestra constitutiva “distanciación” de esta pertenencia. Ricoeur encuentra la relación dialéctica entre “pertenencia – distanciación” en el concepto fenomenológico de Lebenswelt. El “mundo de la vida” tiene un momento ontológico y un momento epistemológico. Desde aquí, coloco la hermenéutica ricoeuriana en el corazón del debate hermenéutico contemporáneo, mostrando su originalidad.The hermeneutics has been one of the most important philosophical movements in the last years. However, the heterogeneity of his followers makes it difficult to establish a unit in the contemporary hermeneutics. Ricoeur was one of the most important representatives of this philosophical line. In this paper I want to show how Ricoeur positioned himself in the contemporany hermeneutics. I focus my analysis in his attempt to combine the discovery of our “belonging” (the history, tradition) with our constitutive “distancing” of this belonging. Ricoeur found the “dialectical” relation between belonging–distanciation in the phenomenological concept: Lebenswelt. The “world of life” has an ontological and epistemological moment. From here, I place the ricoeurian hermeneutics in the core of the contemporary debate in hermeneutics: showing his originality.

La hermenéutica ha sido uno de los movimientos filosóficos más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de sus seguidores torna dificultoso establecer una unidad temática en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Ricoeur fue uno de los representantes más destacados de esta línea filosófica. En este trabajo quiero mostrar el posicionamiento de Ricoeur en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Centraré mi análisis en el intento de combinar el descubrimiento de nuestra “pertenencia” (historia, tradición) con nuestra constitutiva “distanciación” de esta pertenencia. Ricoeur encuentra la relación dialéctica entre “pertenencia – distanciación” en el concepto fenomenológico de Lebenswelt. El “mundo de la vida” tiene un momento ontológico y un momento epistemológico. Desde aquí, coloco la hermenéutica ricoeuriana en el corazón del debate hermenéutico contemporáneo, mostrando su originalidad.The hermeneutics has been one of the most important philosophical movements in the last years. However, the heterogeneity of his followers makes it difficult to establish a unit in the contemporary hermeneutics. Ricoeur was one of the most important representatives of this philosophical line. In this paper I want to show how Ricoeur positioned himself in the contemporany hermeneutics. I focus my analysis in his attempt to combine the discovery of our “belonging” (the history, tradition) with our constitutive “distancing” of this belonging. Ricoeur found the “dialectical” relation between belonging–distanciation in the phenomenological concept: Lebenswelt. The “world of life” has an ontological and epistemological moment. From here, I place the ricoeurian hermeneutics in the core of the contemporary debate in hermeneutics: showing his originality.

La hermenéutica ha sido uno de los movimientos filosóficos más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de sus seguidores torna dificultoso establecer una unidad temática en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Ricoeur fue uno de los representantes más destacados de esta línea filosófica. En este trabajo quiero mostrar el posicionamiento de Ricoeur en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Centraré mi análisis en el intento de combinar el descubrimiento de nuestra “pertenencia” (historia, tradición) con nuestra constitutiva “distanciación” de esta pertenencia. Ricoeur encuentra la relación dialéctica entre “pertenencia – distanciación” en el concepto fenomenológico de Lebenswelt. El “mundo de la vida” tiene un momento ontológico y un momento epistemológico. Desde aquí, coloco la hermenéutica ricoeuriana en el corazón del debate hermenéutico contemporáneo, mostrando su originalidad.The hermeneutics has been one of the most important philosophical movements in the last years. However, the heterogeneity of his followers makes it difficult to establish a unit in the contemporary hermeneutics. Ricoeur was one of the most important representatives of this philosophical line. In this paper I want to show how Ricoeur positioned himself in the contemporany hermeneutics. I focus my analysis in his attempt to combine the discovery of our “belonging” (the history, tradition) with our constitutive “distancing” of this belonging. Ricoeur found the “dialectical” relation between belonging–distanciation in the phenomenological concept: Lebenswelt. The “world of life” has an ontological and epistemological moment. From here, I place the ricoeurian hermeneutics in the core of the contemporary debate in hermeneutics: showing his originality.

La hermenéutica ha sido uno de los movimientos filosóficos más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de sus seguidores torna dificultoso establecer una unidad temática en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Ricoeur fue uno de los representantes más destacados de esta línea filosófica. En este trabajo quiero mostrar el posicionamiento de Ricoeur en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Centraré mi análisis en el intento de combinar el descubrimiento de nuestra “pertenencia” (historia, tradición) con nuestra constitutiva “distanciación” de esta pertenencia. Ricoeur encuentra la relación dialéctica entre “pertenencia – distanciación” en el concepto fenomenológico de Lebenswelt. El “mundo de la vida” tiene un momento ontológico y un momento epistemológico. Desde aquí, coloco la hermenéutica ricoeuriana en el corazón del debate hermenéutico contemporáneo, mostrando su originalidad.The hermeneutics has been one of the most important philosophical movements in the last years. However, the heterogeneity of his followers makes it difficult to establish a unit in the contemporary hermeneutics. Ricoeur was one of the most important representatives of this philosophical line. In this paper I want to show how Ricoeur positioned himself in the contemporany hermeneutics. I focus my analysis in his attempt to combine the discovery of our “belonging” (the history, tradition) with our constitutive “distancing” of this belonging. Ricoeur found the “dialectical” relation between belonging–distanciation in the phenomenological concept: Lebenswelt. The “world of life” has an ontological and epistemological moment. From here, I place the ricoeurian hermeneutics in the core of the contemporary debate in hermeneutics: showing his originality.

La hermenéutica ha sido uno de los movimientos filosóficos más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de sus seguidores torna dificultoso establecer una unidad temática en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Ricoeur fue uno de los representantes más destacados de esta línea filosófica. En este trabajo quiero mostrar el posicionamiento de Ricoeur en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Centraré mi análisis en el intento de combinar el descubrimiento de nuestra “pertenencia” (historia, tradición) con nuestra constitutiva “distanciación” de esta pertenencia. Ricoeur encuentra la relación dialéctica entre “pertenencia – distanciación” en el concepto fenomenológico de Lebenswelt. El “mundo de la vida” tiene un momento ontológico y un momento epistemológico. Desde aquí, coloco la hermenéutica ricoeuriana en el corazón del debate hermenéutico contemporáneo, mostrando su originalidad.The hermeneutics has been one of the most important philosophical movements in the last years. However, the heterogeneity of his followers makes it difficult to establish a unit in the contemporary hermeneutics. Ricoeur was one of the most important representatives of this philosophical line. In this paper I want to show how Ricoeur positioned himself in the contemporany hermeneutics. I focus my analysis in his attempt to combine the discovery of our “belonging” (the history, tradition) with our constitutive “distancing” of this belonging. Ricoeur found the “dialectical” relation between belonging–distanciation in the phenomenological concept: Lebenswelt. The “world of life” has an ontological and epistemological moment. From here, I place the ricoeurian hermeneutics in the core of the contemporary debate in hermeneutics: showing his originality.

The concept of montage appropriated by Walter Benjamin from cinema constitutes, in the context of a cognitive crisis that accompanies the consolidation of capitalist modernity, a formal model that, according to the author, enables the reestablishment of the experience. From the mentioned concept, associated to the distancing between subject and object, we propose a reading of the film Les quatre cent coups (François Truffaut, 1959), in particular about the freezing of the final shot associated to the transgressive look of the character Antoine Doinel, whose eyes cause estrangement when crossing the spectators., O conceito de montagem apropriado por Walter Benjamin a partir do cinema constitui, no contexto de uma crise cognitiva que acompanha a consolidação da modernidade capitalista, um modelo formal que, segundo o autor, permite restabelecer a experiência. A partir do referido conceito, associado ao distanciamento entre o sujeito e o objeto, propomos uma leitura do filme Les quatre cent coups (François Truffaut, 1959), sobretudo do congelamento do quadro final associado ao olhar transgressor do personagem Antoine Doinel, cujos olhos causam estranhamento ao cruzarem os do espectador.

The concept of montage appropriated by Walter Benjamin from cinema constitutes, in the context of a cognitive crisis that accompanies the consolidation of capitalist modernity, a formal model that, according to the author, enables the reestablishment of the experience. From the mentioned concept, associated to the distancing between subject and object, we propose a reading of the film Les quatre cent coups (François Truffaut, 1959), in particular about the freezing of the final shot associated to the transgressive look of the character Antoine Doinel, whose eyes cause estrangement when crossing the spectators., O conceito de montagem apropriado por Walter Benjamin a partir do cinema constitui, no contexto de uma crise cognitiva que acompanha a consolidação da modernidade capitalista, um modelo formal que, segundo o autor, permite restabelecer a experiência. A partir do referido conceito, associado ao distanciamento entre o sujeito e o objeto, propomos uma leitura do filme Les quatre cent coups (François Truffaut, 1959), sobretudo do congelamento do quadro final associado ao olhar transgressor do personagem Antoine Doinel, cujos olhos causam estranhamento ao cruzarem os do espectador.

This study is the first one devoted solely to the writings of the South African black novelist Miriam Tlali. It argues that her works constitute literary resistance not only to apartheid, noted by previous scholars, but also to South African patriarchies. Examining Tlali’s novels Muriel at Metropolitan (1975) and Amandla! (1980), and several short stories from Mihloti (1984) and Footprints in the Quag (1989), the study pits these texts against the black literary tradition dominated by men and also reads them within the social context of South African patriarchies, with its social restrictions on women and its taboos concerning sexualities. To distance herself from the patriarchal values inherent in the male literary tradition and to negotiate social and sexual restrictions on women, I argue, Tlali deploys narrative strategies like generic difference, generic dialogism, a double-voiced discourse, “whispering,” and “distancing.” Drawing on the theories of Mikhail Bakhtin and Julia Kristeva, this study first explores “novelistic” traits in Muriel which function both to resist male literary conventions, like the epic mode of narrative, and to criticise their patriarchal ideology. Second, relying on Bakhtin, it analyses the generic dialogism and double-voicedness in Amandla!. Finally, making use of Kristeva’s semiotics and her theory of sacrifice, the study traces the development of a sacrificial discourse of gendered violence from Amandla! to some of Tlali’s short stories. Supported by Martha J. Reinecke’s explication of Kristeva, I show that Tlali’s texts insist that gendered violence upholds the sacrificial economies of both patriarchal apartheid and African patriarchy. The strategies of “whispering” and “distancing,” I claim, surface in Tlali’s addressing of the sensitive issues of black women’s victimisation and gendered violence. “Whispering” entails muting the criticism of the perpetrators of gendered violence, whereas “distancing” results in dis/placing gendered

This study is the first one devoted solely to the writings of the South African black novelist Miriam Tlali. It argues that her works constitute literary resistance not only to apartheid, noted by previous scholars, but also to South African patriarchies. Examining Tlali’s novels Muriel at Metropolitan (1975) and Amandla! (1980), and several short stories from Mihloti (1984) and Footprints in the Quag (1989), the study pits these texts against the black literary tradition dominated by men and also reads them within the social context of South African patriarchies, with its social restrictions on women and its taboos concerning sexualities. To distance herself from the patriarchal values inherent in the male literary tradition and to negotiate social and sexual restrictions on women, I argue, Tlali deploys narrative strategies like generic difference, generic dialogism, a double-voiced discourse, “whispering,” and “distancing.” Drawing on the theories of Mikhail Bakhtin and Julia Kristeva, this study first explores “novelistic” traits in Muriel which function both to resist male literary conventions, like the epic mode of narrative, and to criticise their patriarchal ideology. Second, relying on Bakhtin, it analyses the generic dialogism and double-voicedness in Amandla!. Finally, making use of Kristeva’s semiotics and her theory of sacrifice, the study traces the development of a sacrificial discourse of gendered violence from Amandla! to some of Tlali’s short stories. Supported by Martha J. Reinecke’s explication of Kristeva, I show that Tlali’s texts insist that gendered violence upholds the sacrificial economies of both patriarchal apartheid and African patriarchy. The strategies of “whispering” and “distancing,” I claim, surface in Tlali’s addressing of the sensitive issues of black women’s victimisation and gendered violence. “Whispering” entails muting the criticism of the perpetrators of gendered violence, whereas “distancing” results in dis/placing gendered

This study is the first one devoted solely to the writings of the South African black novelist Miriam Tlali. It argues that her works constitute literary resistance not only to apartheid, noted by previous scholars, but also to South African patriarchies. Examining Tlali’s novels Muriel at Metropolitan (1975) and Amandla! (1980), and several short stories from Mihloti (1984) and Footprints in the Quag (1989), the study pits these texts against the black literary tradition dominated by men and also reads them within the social context of South African patriarchies, with its social restrictions on women and its taboos concerning sexualities. To distance herself from the patriarchal values inherent in the male literary tradition and to negotiate social and sexual restrictions on women, I argue, Tlali deploys narrative strategies like generic difference, generic dialogism, a double-voiced discourse, “whispering,” and “distancing.” Drawing on the theories of Mikhail Bakhtin and Julia Kristeva, this study first explores “novelistic” traits in Muriel which function both to resist male literary conventions, like the epic mode of narrative, and to criticise their patriarchal ideology. Second, relying on Bakhtin, it analyses the generic dialogism and double-voicedness in Amandla!. Finally, making use of Kristeva’s semiotics and her theory of sacrifice, the study traces the development of a sacrificial discourse of gendered violence from Amandla! to some of Tlali’s short stories. Supported by Martha J. Reinecke’s explication of Kristeva, I show that Tlali’s texts insist that gendered violence upholds the sacrificial economies of both patriarchal apartheid and African patriarchy. The strategies of “whispering” and “distancing,” I claim, surface in Tlali’s addressing of the sensitive issues of black women’s victimisation and gendered violence. “Whispering” entails muting the criticism of the perpetrators of gendered violence, whereas “distancing” results in dis/placing gendered

This study is the first one devoted solely to the writings of the South African black novelist Miriam Tlali. It argues that her works constitute literary resistance not only to apartheid, noted by previous scholars, but also to South African patriarchies. Examining Tlali’s novels Muriel at Metropolitan (1975) and Amandla! (1980), and several short stories from Mihloti (1984) and Footprints in the Quag (1989), the study pits these texts against the black literary tradition dominated by men and also reads them within the social context of South African patriarchies, with its social restrictions on women and its taboos concerning sexualities. To distance herself from the patriarchal values inherent in the male literary tradition and to negotiate social and sexual restrictions on women, I argue, Tlali deploys narrative strategies like generic difference, generic dialogism, a double-voiced discourse, “whispering,” and “distancing.” Drawing on the theories of Mikhail Bakhtin and Julia Kristeva, this study first explores “novelistic” traits in Muriel which function both to resist male literary conventions, like the epic mode of narrative, and to criticise their patriarchal ideology. Second, relying on Bakhtin, it analyses the generic dialogism and double-voicedness in Amandla!. Finally, making use of Kristeva’s semiotics and her theory of sacrifice, the study traces the development of a sacrificial discourse of gendered violence from Amandla! to some of Tlali’s short stories. Supported by Martha J. Reinecke’s explication of Kristeva, I show that Tlali’s texts insist that gendered violence upholds the sacrificial economies of both patriarchal apartheid and African patriarchy. The strategies of “whispering” and “distancing,” I claim, surface in Tlali’s addressing of the sensitive issues of black women’s victimisation and gendered violence. “Whispering” entails muting the criticism of the perpetrators of gendered violence, whereas “distancing” results in dis/placing gendered

This study is the first one devoted solely to the writings of the South African black novelist Miriam Tlali. It argues that her works constitute literary resistance not only to apartheid, noted by previous scholars, but also to South African patriarchies. Examining Tlali’s novels Muriel at Metropolitan (1975) and Amandla! (1980), and several short stories from Mihloti (1984) and Footprints in the Quag (1989), the study pits these texts against the black literary tradition dominated by men and also reads them within the social context of South African patriarchies, with its social restrictions on women and its taboos concerning sexualities. To distance herself from the patriarchal values inherent in the male literary tradition and to negotiate social and sexual restrictions on women, I argue, Tlali deploys narrative strategies like generic difference, generic dialogism, a double-voiced discourse, “whispering,” and “distancing.” Drawing on the theories of Mikhail Bakhtin and Julia Kristeva, this study first explores “novelistic” traits in Muriel which function both to resist male literary conventions, like the epic mode of narrative, and to criticise their patriarchal ideology. Second, relying on Bakhtin, it analyses the generic dialogism and double-voicedness in Amandla!. Finally, making use of Kristeva’s semiotics and her theory of sacrifice, the study traces the development of a sacrificial discourse of gendered violence from Amandla! to some of Tlali’s short stories. Supported by Martha J. Reinecke’s explication of Kristeva, I show that Tlali’s texts insist that gendered violence upholds the sacrificial economies of both patriarchal apartheid and African patriarchy. The strategies of “whispering” and “distancing,” I claim, surface in Tlali’s addressing of the sensitive issues of black women’s victimisation and gendered violence. “Whispering” entails muting the criticism of the perpetrators of gendered violence, whereas “distancing” results in dis/placing gendered

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