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La acuicultura contribuye de manera importante a la fuente de alimento destinado al consumo humano. La tilapia Oreochromis niloticus es uno de los peces principales de la producción acuícola, por lo que las fases de su reproducción son vitales para asegurar la calidad y cantidad de organismos disponibles para los sistemas de producción. Los parámetros reproductivos en actividades acuícolas de peces, como la fertilidad, fecundidad, diámetro de huevos, índice gonadosomático, tasa de supervivencia en larvas y alevines, entre otros, son de relevancia para una producción económicamente rentable y sostenible, y estos pueden variar según la dieta, condiciones ambientales, edad, características genéticas de los peces o la calidad del agua. Por lo anterior, este documento tiene como objetivo identificar los parámetros reproductivos que tengan una influencia en la producción de crías de tilapia presentar una descripción general de forma sencilla los diferentes parámetros reproductivos involucrados y de consideración en actividades de producción acuícola de crías de tilapia. Se realizó una búsqueda de la información en los últimos 20 años incorporada en diversas bases de datos especializadas. En esta investigación se recopila la información a la actualidad sobre los parámetros reproductivos en tilapia, y los resultados indican que no existe un parámetro reproductivo más importante que otro, ya que es un cúmulo de factores y sinergia que intervienen en la reproducción, por lo que resulta necesario establecer planes de manejo claro e investigación particular en los sistemas de producción para mejorar y potencializar su producción. El conocimiento de los parámetros reproductivos de la tilapia puede ayudar a disminuir los costos de producción para establecer planes de manejo claro e investigación particular en los sistemas de producción para mejorar y potencializar su producción. of the main fish in aquaculture production, so its reproduction phases are vital to ensure the quality, La acuicultura contribuye de manera importante a la fuente de alimento destinado al consumo humano. La tilapia Oreochromis niloticus es uno de los peces principales de la producción acuícola, por lo que las fases de su reproducción son vitales para asegurar la calidad y cantidad de organismos disponibles para los sistemas de producción. Los parámetros reproductivos en actividades acuícolas de peces, como la fertilidad, fecundidad, diámetro de huevos, índice gonadosomático, tasa de supervivencia en larvas y alevines, entre otros, son de relevancia para una producción económicamente rentable y sostenible, y estos pueden variar según la dieta, condiciones ambientales, edad, características genéticas de los peces o la calidad del agua. Por lo anterior, este documento tiene como objetivo identificar los parámetros reproductivos que tengan una influencia en la producción de crías de tilapia presentar una descripción general de forma sencilla los diferentes parámetros reproductivos involucrados y de consideración en actividades de producción acuícola de crías de tilapia. Se realizó una búsqueda de la información en los últimos 20 años incorporada en diversas bases de datos especializadas. En esta investigación se recopila la información a la actualidad sobre los parámetros reproductivos en tilapia, y los resultados indican que no existe un parámetro reproductivo más importante que otro, ya que es un cúmulo de factores y sinergia que intervienen en la reproducción, por lo que resulta necesario establecer planes de manejo claro e investigación particular en los sistemas de producción para mejorar y potencializar su producción. El conocimiento de los parámetros reproductivos de la tilapia puede ayudar a disminuir los costos de producción para establecer planes de manejo claro e investigación particular en los sistemas de producción para mejorar y potencializar su producción.

La acuicultura contribuye de manera importante a la fuente de alimento destinado al consumo humano. La tilapia Oreochromis niloticus es uno de los peces principales de la producción acuícola, por lo que las fases de su reproducción son vitales para asegurar la calidad y cantidad de organismos disponibles para los sistemas de producción. Los parámetros reproductivos en actividades acuícolas de peces, como la fertilidad, fecundidad, diámetro de huevos, índice gonadosomático, tasa de supervivencia en larvas y alevines, entre otros, son de relevancia para una producción económicamente rentable y sostenible, y estos pueden variar según la dieta, condiciones ambientales, edad, características genéticas de los peces o la calidad del agua. Por lo anterior, este documento tiene como objetivo identificar los parámetros reproductivos que tengan una influencia en la producción de crías de tilapia presentar una descripción general de forma sencilla los diferentes parámetros reproductivos involucrados y de consideración en actividades de producción acuícola de crías de tilapia. Se realizó una búsqueda de la información en los últimos 20 años incorporada en diversas bases de datos especializadas. En esta investigación se recopila la información a la actualidad sobre los parámetros reproductivos en tilapia, y los resultados indican que no existe un parámetro reproductivo más importante que otro, ya que es un cúmulo de factores y sinergia que intervienen en la reproducción, por lo que resulta necesario establecer planes de manejo claro e investigación particular en los sistemas de producción para mejorar y potencializar su producción. El conocimiento de los parámetros reproductivos de la tilapia puede ayudar a disminuir los costos de producción para establecer planes de manejo claro e investigación particular en los sistemas de producción para mejorar y potencializar su producción. of the main fish in aquaculture production, so its reproduction phases are vital to ensure the quality, La acuicultura contribuye de manera importante a la fuente de alimento destinado al consumo humano. La tilapia Oreochromis niloticus es uno de los peces principales de la producción acuícola, por lo que las fases de su reproducción son vitales para asegurar la calidad y cantidad de organismos disponibles para los sistemas de producción. Los parámetros reproductivos en actividades acuícolas de peces, como la fertilidad, fecundidad, diámetro de huevos, índice gonadosomático, tasa de supervivencia en larvas y alevines, entre otros, son de relevancia para una producción económicamente rentable y sostenible, y estos pueden variar según la dieta, condiciones ambientales, edad, características genéticas de los peces o la calidad del agua. Por lo anterior, este documento tiene como objetivo identificar los parámetros reproductivos que tengan una influencia en la producción de crías de tilapia presentar una descripción general de forma sencilla los diferentes parámetros reproductivos involucrados y de consideración en actividades de producción acuícola de crías de tilapia. Se realizó una búsqueda de la información en los últimos 20 años incorporada en diversas bases de datos especializadas. En esta investigación se recopila la información a la actualidad sobre los parámetros reproductivos en tilapia, y los resultados indican que no existe un parámetro reproductivo más importante que otro, ya que es un cúmulo de factores y sinergia que intervienen en la reproducción, por lo que resulta necesario establecer planes de manejo claro e investigación particular en los sistemas de producción para mejorar y potencializar su producción. El conocimiento de los parámetros reproductivos de la tilapia puede ayudar a disminuir los costos de producción para establecer planes de manejo claro e investigación particular en los sistemas de producción para mejorar y potencializar su producción.

The African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae, is one of the two vectors of Huanglongbing, the most serious citrus disease worldwide. The first detection of T. erytreae in the European mainland was on the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula in 2014. Since then, the pest has spread throughout northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, País Vasco) and along the western Atlantic coast of Portugal (from the Douro e Minho region to the Algarve). We conducted a series of laboratory experiments on lemon plants at different temperatures (from 8 to 34 °C) and humidity conditions (from 40 to 90%) to find out the influence of extreme temperatures and relative humidities (RHs) on the mortality, development and reproduction of T. erytreae. Our results show that temperatures above 30 °C and below 10 °C are very detrimental for nymphal development and nymphs were unable to reach the adult stage. Furthermore, eggs were unable to hatch under temperatures above 33 °C and below 8 °C. Adult mortality was highest at 34 °C and killed more than 50% of the population. We also found that relative humidity is crucial for the development and survival of T. erytreae. Nymphs were unable to reach the adult stage at an RH of 90% and 40%. Also, fecundity was significantly reduced at 90 and 40% RH, and fertility was lowest at 40% RH. Nymphal mortality was highest at an RH of 40%, which was the most detrimental humidity among all tested for the survival and development of T. erytreae. Our work concludes that T. erytreae establishment and spread will be maximum in regions with a temperate and humid climate, being rare in regions where dry and hot weather conditions predominate.

STUDY QUESTION Is fecundity, measured as time to pregnancy (TTP), associated with mortality in parents? SUMMARY ANSWER Prolonged TTP is associated with increased mortality in both mothers and fathers in a dose–response manner. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Several studies have linked both male and female fecundity to mortality. In women, infertility has been linked to several diseases, but studies suggest that the underlying conditions, rather than infertility, increase mortality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective cohort study was carried out on 18 796 pregnant couples, in which the pregnant women attended prophylactic antenatal care between 1973 and 1987 at a primary and tertiary care unit. The couples were followed in Danish mortality registers from their child’s birth date until death or until 2018. The follow-up period was up to 47 years, and there was complete follow-up until death, emigration or end of study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS At the first antenatal visit, the pregnant women were asked to report the time to the current pregnancy. Inclusion was restricted to the first pregnancy, and TTP was categorised into <12 months, ≥12 months, not planned, and not available. In sub-analyses, TTP ≥12 was further categorized into 12–35, 36–60, and >60 months. Information for parents was linked to several Danish nationwide health registries. Survival analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% CI for survival and adjusted for age at the first attempt to become pregnant, year of birth, socioeconomic status, mother’s smoking during pregnancy, and mother’s BMI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mothers and fathers with TTP >60 months survived, respectively, 3.5 (95% CI: 2.6–4.3) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8–3.7) years shorter than parents with a TTP <12 months. The mortality was higher for fathers (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34) and mothers (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12, STUDY QUESTION: Is fecundity, measured as time to pregnancy (TTP), associated with mortality in parents? SUMMARY ANSWER: Prolonged TTP is associated with increased mortality in both mothers and fathers in a dose–response manner. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Several studies have linked both male and female fecundity to mortality. In women, infertility has been linked to several diseases, but studies suggest that the underlying conditions, rather than infertility, increase mortality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A prospective cohort study was carried out on 18 796 pregnant couples, in which the pregnant women attended prophylactic antenatal care between 1973 and 1987 at a primary and tertiary care unit. The couples were followed in Danish mortality registers from their child’s birth date until death or until 2018. The follow-up period was up to 47 years, and there was complete follow-up until death, emigration or end of study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: At the first antenatal visit, the pregnant women were asked to report the time to the current pregnancy. Inclusion was restricted to the first pregnancy, and TTP was categorised into <12 months, ≥12 months, not planned, and not available. In sub-analyses, TTP ≥12 was further categorized into 12–35, 36–60, and >60 months. Information for parents was linked to several Danish nationwide health registries. Survival analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% CI for survival and adjusted for age at the first attempt to become pregnant, year of birth, socioeconomic status, mother’s smoking during pregnancy, and mother’s BMI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Mothers and fathers with TTP >60 months survived, respectively, 3.5 (95% CI: 2.6–4.3) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8–3.7) years shorter than parents with a TTP <12 months. The mortality was higher for fathers (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34) and mothers (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12–1.49) with TTP ≥12 months compared to parents with TTP

Human activities have increased the intensity and frequency of natural stressors and created novel stressors, altering host–pathogen interactions and changing the risk of emerging infectious diseases. Despite the ubiquity of such anthropogenic impacts, predicting the directionality of outcomes has proven challenging. Here, we conduct a review and meta-analysis to determine the primary mechanisms through which stressors affect host–pathogen interactions and to evaluate the impacts stress has on host fitness (survival and fecundity) and pathogen infectivity (prevalence and intensity). We assessed 891 effect sizes from 71 host species (representing seven taxonomic groups) and 78 parasite taxa from 98 studies. We found that infected and uninfected hosts had similar sensitivity to stressors and that responses varied according to stressor type. Specifically, limited resources compromised host fecundity and decreased pathogen intensity, while abiotic environmental stressors (e.g., temperature and salinity) decreased host survivorship and increased pathogen intensity, and pollution increased mortality but decreased pathogen prevalence. We then used our meta-analysis results to develop susceptible–infected theoretical models to illustrate scenarios where infection rates are expected to increase or decrease in response to resource limitations or environmental stress gradients. Our results carry implications for conservation and disease emergence and reveal areas for future work.

[SPA] Los enemigos naturales son sensibles a fluctuaciones ambientales, siendo la temperatura el factor ambiental que más influye. La fecundidad de Orius laevigatus disminuye a bajas temperaturas, mientras que el trips, Frankliniella occidentalis, es capaz de desarrollarse, generándose una falta de control en invierno. Obtener cepas tolerantes al frío posibilitaría sueltas tempranas mejorando el biocontrol en esta época. Por tanto, se estudió la variabilidad de 4 poblaciones silvestres mediterráneas y 1 comercial en su fecundidad a 15 °C, respecto de la fecundidad del control, a 26 °C. Existen diferencias significativas de la fecundidad entre las poblaciones a bajas temperaturas. Agrobío destaca en fecundidad a 26°C y Cazorla a 15°C, siendo esta última la que presenta una mayor fecundidad para ambos tratamientos respecto al resto de poblaciones silvestres. Este es el inicio de un proceso de selección para la obtención de poblaciones adaptadas al frío, mejorando el biocontrol del trips en invierno. [ENG] Natural enemies are sensitive to environmental fluctuations, with temperature being the most influential environmental factor. The fertility of Orius laevigatus decreases at low temperatures, while the thrips, rankliniella occidentalis, is able to develop, generating a lack of control in winter. Obtaining cold-tolerant strains would allow early releases, improving biocontrol at this time. Therefore, the variability of 4 Mediterranean wild populations and 1 commercial population in their fecundity at 15 °C, compared to the fecundity of the control, at 26 °C, was studied. There are significant differences in fecundity between populations at low temperatures. Agobío stands out in fecundity at 26°C and Cazorla at 15°C, the latter being the one with the highest fecundity for both treatments compared to the rest of the wild populations. This is the beginning of a selection process to obtain populations adapted to cold, improving biocontrol of thrips in winter

[SPA] La presencia continua de agentes de control biológico es fundamental en el éxito del control biológico, siendo Orius laevigatus uno de los depredadores más utilizados. Su éxito es gracias a su capacidad de alimentarse de otros alimentos alternativos como el polen. Pero existen cultivos carentes de polen por lo que se recurre a alimentos suplementarios. Una posibilidad son los ácaros astigmátidos, utilizados con éxito en la producción de ácaros depredadores, pero no para los insectos depredadores. Hemos estudiado la alimentación con estos ácaros presa en varias poblaciones de O. laevigatus, una comercial y otras seleccionadas para una mejor respuesta alimentándose de polen. Las razas seleccionadas presentaron mejor supervivencia durante el desarrollo ninfal y mayor fecundidad cuando se alimentan de ácaros astigmátidos. Por lo tanto, estos ácaros astigmátidos podrían usarse como un alimento suplementario rentable sobre los cultivos para mejorar la nstalación y supervivencia de nuestras razas mejoradas. [ENG] The continuous presence of biological control agents is fundamental in the success of biological control, being Orius laevigatus one of the most used predators. Its success is thanks to its ability to feed on other alternative foods such as pollen. But there are crops devoid of pollen, so supplementary foods are used. One possibility is astigmatid mites, used successfully in the production of predatory mites, but not for predatory insects. We have studied feeding with these prey mites in various populations of O. laevigatus, one commercial and others selected for a better response feeding on pollen. The selected strains presented better survival during nymphal development and higher fecundity when they feed on astigmatid mites. Therefore, these astigmatid mites could be used as a costeffective supplementary feed on crops to improve the establishment and survival of our improved strains.

The global increase in antibiotic use has led to contamination of freshwater environments. Despite the identified impacts of antibiotics on humans and wildlife, the effect of antibiotics on host–parasite life cycles in freshwater is relatively unexplored. In the current study, we utilize the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni, and its snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata, to investigate the influence of an ecologically relevant antibiotic concentration on the life history characteristics of both parasite and host. Our results demonstrate that antibiotics not only accelerate parasite development time, but also increase host reproduction and delay parasite-induced host castration. Using a mathematical model, we suggest that life history alterations associated with antibiotics are likely to increase parasite transmission and disease burden. Our study suggests that antibiotic pollution could impact freshwater ecosystems by influencing host–parasite dynamics and potentially increase the burden of schistosomiasis in endemic regions.

Previous studies have suggested that traffic-related air pollution is associated with adverse fertility outcomes, such as reduced fecundability and subfertility. The purpose of this research is to investigate if PM2.5 exposure prior to conception or traffic-related exposures (traffic density and distance to nearest major roadway) at birth address is associated with fertility-assisted births. We obtained all live and still births from the Massachusetts state birth registry with an estimated conception date between January 2002 through December 2008. All births requiring fertility drugs or assisted reproductive technology were identified as cases. We randomly selected 2000 infants conceived each year to serve as a common control group. PM2.5 exposure was assessed using 4 km spatial satellite remote sensing, meteorological and land use spatiotemporal models at geocoded birth addresses for the year prior to conception. The mean PM2.5 level was 9.81 µg m-3 (standard deviation = 1.70 µg m-3), with a maximum of 14.27 µg m-3. We calculated crude and adjusted fertility treatment odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per interquartile range of 1.72 µg m-3 increase in PM2.5 exposure. Our final analyses included 10 748 fertility-assisted births and 12 225 controls. After adjusting for parental age, marital status, race, maternal education, insurance status, parity, and year of birth, average PM2.5 exposure during the year prior to conception was weakly associated with fertility treatment (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.05). Fertility-assisted births were inversely associated with traffic density (highest quartile compared to lowest quartile, OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.02) and positively associated with distance from major roadway (OR per 100 m: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02) in adjusted analyses. We did not find strong evidence to support an adverse relationship between traffic-related air pollution exposure and fertility-assisted births.

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

Se estudió el efecto de genes normales y deletéreos sobre la fecundidad en seis poblaciones naturales de Drosophila melanogaster; mediante la técnica CyL/Pm, ampliamente usada en Drosophila en análisis semejantes, dependiendo de la población el número de genes normales, deletéreos y letales varió en cada población y a ellos nos referimos en ésta ocasión. Los cromosomas se agruparon en libres y portadores de genes letales y/o delatéreos, estas agrupaciones son la base de las comparaciones hechas mediante la prueba "t" de Student. para ello se obtuvo la fecundidad promedio de cada población y a partir de este se construyeron categorías de fecundidad. Cada cromosoma fue adscrito a una de ellas obteniéndose así las frecuencias relativas para cada categoría. En todos los casos en que se compararon cromosomas portadores de genes letales o libres de ellos, las diferencias favorecieron a los libres de letales., The effect of normal and deleterious genes on fecundity was studied in six natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster; Using the CyL/Pm technique, widely used in Drosophila in similar analyses, depending on the population, the number of normal, deleterious and lethal genes varied in each population and we refer to them on this occasion. Chromosomes were grouped into free and carriers of lethal and/or delaterous genes. These groups are the basis of the comparisons made using the Student's "t" test. for this, the average fertility of each population was obtained and from this fertility categories were constructed. Each chromosome was assigned to one of them, thus obtaining the relative frequencies for each category. In all cases in which chromosomes carrying or free of lethal genes were compared, the differences favored those free of lethal ones.

Deep understanding of the optimal reproductive and biological parameters is necessary to obtain the maximum egg production in captive rearing of Musca domestica, the common housefly. The effect of larval diet is explored in this study, using two different media: poultry manure and an artificial medium based on cereals mixed with meat. The preimaginal mortality and development time, with other reproductive parameters that indirectly affect adult fecundity as: ovary and wing size, fluctuating asymmetry, and cuticular hydrocarbon composition, were analysed. The results show that poultry manure was related with better efficacy values, lower larval mortality rate, and a sex-dependent effect in fecundity. Asymmetry fluctuation and different hydrocarbon composition was detected in females. The females from larvae that grew on manure presented bigger ovaries and oocytes, but a smaller number of ovarioles per ovary. Their morphological asymmetry was also lower; and the cuticular hydrocarbon composition was distinct from the rest of the adults, with more alkanes and less alkenes than males or females related with the artificial diet. As conclusion, the effect of larval substrate on the survival and fecundity parameters is evident. The implications for the mass production of the house fly as animal feed are also indicated.

The global increase in antibiotic use has led to contamination of freshwater environments. Despite the identified impacts of antibiotics on humans and wildlife, the effect of antibiotics on host–parasite life cycles in freshwater is relatively unexplored. In the current study, we utilize the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni, and its snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata, to investigate the influence of an ecologically relevant antibiotic concentration on the life history characteristics of both parasite and host. Our results demonstrate that antibiotics not only accelerate parasite development time, but also increase host reproduction and delay parasite-induced host castration. Using a mathematical model, we suggest that life history alterations associated with antibiotics are likely to increase parasite transmission and disease burden. Our study suggests that antibiotic pollution could impact freshwater ecosystems by influencing host–parasite dynamics and potentially increase the burden of schistosomiasis in endemic regions.

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

Female mosquitoes require blood from their host for egg development. However, the relationship between the composition of host blood and mosquito reproduction, and whether and how this is linked to host selection, remain unclear. A better understanding of these issues is beneficial for mass‐rearing of mosquitoes for vector control. This review provides an overview of the currently known effects of blood constituents on mosquito reproduction. Furthermore, it highlights knowledge gaps and proposes new avenues for investigation. We recommend that research efforts be focused on physiological differences between generalist and specialist mosquito species as models to investigate if and how host preference correlates with reproductive output.

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

Se estudió el efecto de genes normales y deletéreos sobre la fecundidad en seis poblaciones naturales de Drosophila melanogaster; mediante la técnica CyL/Pm, ampliamente usada en Drosophila en análisis semejantes, dependiendo de la población el número de genes normales, deletéreos y letales varió en cada población y a ellos nos referimos en ésta ocasión. Los cromosomas se agruparon en libres y portadores de genes letales y/o delatéreos, estas agrupaciones son la base de las comparaciones hechas mediante la prueba "t" de Student. para ello se obtuvo la fecundidad promedio de cada población y a partir de este se construyeron categorías de fecundidad. Cada cromosoma fue adscrito a una de ellas obteniéndose así las frecuencias relativas para cada categoría. En todos los casos en que se compararon cromosomas portadores de genes letales o libres de ellos, las diferencias favorecieron a los libres de letales., The effect of normal and deleterious genes on fecundity was studied in six natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster; Using the CyL/Pm technique, widely used in Drosophila in similar analyses, depending on the population, the number of normal, deleterious and lethal genes varied in each population and we refer to them on this occasion. Chromosomes were grouped into free and carriers of lethal and/or delaterous genes. These groups are the basis of the comparisons made using the Student's "t" test. for this, the average fertility of each population was obtained and from this fertility categories were constructed. Each chromosome was assigned to one of them, thus obtaining the relative frequencies for each category. In all cases in which chromosomes carrying or free of lethal genes were compared, the differences favored those free of lethal ones.

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

This study investigated the reproductive traits of the hermaphroditic four-finger threadfin, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, along the coasts of Thailand during January to December 2021. Fish samples were collected from Pattani Bay, Thailand to assess the sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (GSI), maturity stage and fecundity. Additional fish samples were also collected from other areas to evaluate the length and weight at first sex change (Ls50 and Ws50) and length at first maturity (Lm50). The overall sex ratio for male and female was 1:0.69 with male being predominant throughout the year. Threadfin fish spawn the whole year round with peaks during moderate rainy and heavy rainy seasons. Histological examination confirmed its protandrous hermaphrodite posing multiple spawning habits. The average fecundity was 1.85 × 105 ± 1.05 × 105 eggs and positively related with standard length, body weight, gonad weight, and egg diameter (p < 0.05). The Ls50 and Ws50 were 27.58 cm and 419.39 g, and 29.71 cm and 457.28 g, for fish from Pattani Bay and Samut Prakan province, respectively. The Lm50 of male from Pattani Bay and Samut Prakan province were 25.78 cm and 25.56 cm, respectively, which were larger than those from Satun and Nakhon Sri Thammarat provinces. The Lm50 of females from Pattani Bay was smaller than that from Samut Prakan province. This study provided fundamental information on the reproductive characteristics of E. tetradactylum, which can be implemented to support management of natural fish stock and aquaculture development.

This paper investigates the basic reproductive parameters, ecology, and size structure of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. A total of 1217 individuals were sampled monthly from both offshore bottom trawling and inshore small-scale fishery off Mallorca Island’s coast (western Mediterranean) during 2017–2019. Inshore individuals were larger than the individuals inhabiting offshore and males were more abundant than females both inshore and offshore waters. The estimated size at first maturity (L50) was 87 mm for females and 78 mm for males. S. officinalis has a semi-continuous reproduction cycle throughout the year with a spawning peak between March and June. Oocyte size-frequency distribution (OSFD) analysis showed an asynchronous oocyte development. Advanced mode fecundity (FAM) ranged between 8 and 326 oocyte/female with a mean of 158 ± 14 oocyte/female. The Stomach Fullness Index (SFI) was found to decrease during reproductive development in inshore specimens, while the stomach vacuity index (SVI) followed the opposite trend for both inshore and offshore individuals, indicating a lessening of the feeding activity specially during spawning. However, once at shallower waters, spawning females displayed higher SFI values compared to males, which was probably linked to the higher energetic demand associated with reproduction. Digestive gland index (DGI) showed little variation in females across maturation stages, while males’ values decreased, especially during spawning, reflecting sexual differences in the energy allocation strategy. Those results suggest that common cuttlefish fulfil the cost of reproduction through both current food intake and accumulated somatic reserves

Aim of study: To determine and quantify the effect of seed burial depths on the seedling emergence pattern of Amaranthus retroflexus in field conditions. Area of study: West of Iran (Ilam). Material and methods: The seedling emergence of A. retroflexus was studied in an outdoor pot experiment, burying the seeds at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm in the soil in Ilam (Iran) in two consecutive years, 2010 and 2011. Different models were tested to predict the cumulative seedling emergence, and the log logistic model was found to be the best for this A. retroflexus population. Newly estimated Tb values, slightly different each year, but lower than those of the references, were estimated and set at 2.6 ºC and 0 ºC in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Main results: The seedling emergence in the west of Iran take place over a period from early February to late May. The level of seed dormancy can be reduced during autumn and winter burial in the soil or after a dry storage. Seed dormancy reduction resulted in a lower base temperature for germination/emergence followed by increase of the seedling emergences. Moreover, light in the soil surface and higher fluctuation in temperature at shallower soil depths may stimulate the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. retroflexus. Research highlights: Total emerged seedlings and emergence pattern are affected by soil depth and the level of dormancy. The results obtained in this study can be used to optimize the timings of the weed management activities.

Aim Our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forest diversity under changing climate can benefit from knowledge about traits that are closely linked to fitness. We tested whether the link between traits and seed number and seed size is consistent with two hypotheses, termed the leaf economics spectrum and the plant size syndrome, or whether reproduction represents an independent dimension related to a seed size–seed number trade-off. Location Most of the data come from Europe, North and Central America and East Asia. A minority of the data come from South America, Africa and Australia. Time period 1960–2022. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We gathered 12 million observations of the number of seeds produced in 784 tree species. We estimated the number of seeds produced by individual trees and scaled it up to the species level. Next, we used principal components analysis and generalized joint attribute modelling (GJAM) to map seed number and size on the tree traits spectrum. Results Incorporating seed size and number into trait analysis while controlling for environment and phylogeny with GJAM exposes relationships in trees that might otherwise remain hidden. Production of the large total biomass of seeds [product of seed number and seed size; hereafter, species seed productivity (SSP)] is associated with high leaf area, low foliar nitrogen, low specific leaf area (SLA) and dense wood. Production of high seed numbers is associated with small seeds produced by nutrient-demanding species with softwood, small leaves and high SLA. Trait covariation is consistent with opposing strategies: one fast-growing, early successional, with high dispersal, and the other slow-growing, stress-tolerant, that recruit in shaded conditions. Main conclusions Earth system models currently assume that reproductive allocation is indifferent among plant functional types. Easily measurable seed size is a strong predictor of the seed number and species seed productivity. The connectio

Empirical evidence about the role and interaction of immigration with local demographic processes in shaping population dynamics is still scarce. This knowledge gap limits our capability to derive a conceptual framework that can be used to inform conservation actions. Populations exposed to nonstationary environment do not converge to a stable stage distribution, implying the need for evaluating the demographic role of both vital rates and stage distribution using appropriate tools. This is particularly important for species with larger generation times like cetaceans. We explored the relative demographic role of vital rates and population structure of a poorly known cetacean, the Mediterranean Cuvier's beaked whale, while accounting for the exposure to nonstationary environments. We performed a retrospective analysis through transient life table response experiments (tLTRE) using demographic rates and population structure of both sexes obtained from an integrated population model. The contribution of immigration to variation in realized population growth rates was 4.2, 7.6, and 12.7 times larger than that of female apparent survival, proportional abundance of breeding females with a 2-year-old calf, and proportional abundance of breeding females with a 3-year-old calf, respectively. Immigration rate and proportional abundance of breeding females with a 2- or 3-year-old calf explained, respectively, 65% and 20% of total temporal variability in realized population growth rates. Changes in realized population growth rate between successive years were mainly driven by changes in immigration and population structure, specifically the proportional abundance of breeding females with a 2-year-old calf. Our study provides insight into the demographic processes that affect population dynamics and in a cryptic cetacean. We presented an analytical approach for maximizing the use of available data through the integration of multiple sources of information for individuals of dif

[EN] The ICCAT North Atlantic Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) Research Program was established to enhance knowledge on albacore to provide more accurate scientific advice to the Commission. Funds are provided to the Albacore Species Group to develop research activities to accomplish several objectives. One of the research objectives is to increase knowledge on reproductive biology for the northern Atlantic stock, maturity schedules (L50) and egg production (size/age related fecundity). In March 2023, Terms of Reference were published by ICCAT. A Consortium integrated by Canada, Chinese-Taipei and Spain presented an offer to collect gonad samples throughout the year 2 0 2 3 and carry out the study of reproductive biology on the 2022 samples collected for the North Atlantic albacore stock. Results of the histological analysis of gonads sampled are presented., [FR] Le Programme de recherche ICCAT sur le germon de l’Atlantique Nord (Thunnus alalunga) a été mis en place pour améliorer les connaissances sur le germon et soumettre un avis scientifique plus précis à la Commission. Des fonds ont été débloqués pour que le Groupe de travail sur le germon développe des activités de recherche en vue d’atteindre plusieurs objectifs. L’un des objectifs de recherche vise à améliorer les connaissances sur la biologie de la reproduction du stock de l’Atlantique Nord, les schémas de maturité (L50) et la production d’œufs (fécondité liée à l’âge/la taille). L’ICCAT a publié les Termes de référence en mars 2023. Un Consortium composé du Canada, du Taipei chinois et de l’Espagne a présenté une offre afin de collecter des échantillons de gonades tout au long de 2023 et réaliser les études sur la biologie de la reproduction sur les échantillons de 2022 collectés pour le stock de germon de l’Atlantique Nord. Les résultats de l’analyse histologique des gonades échantillonnées sont présentés., [ES] El Programa de investigación del atún blanco (Thunnus alalunga) del Atlántico norte de ICCAT se estableció para mejorar el conocimiento sobre el atún blanco y proporcionar un asesoramiento científico más preciso a la Comisión. Fondos están provistos al Grupo de Especie de atún blanco para desarrollar actividades de investigación y alcanzar una serie de objetivos. Entre ellos, se encuentra aumentar el conocimiento sobre la biología reproductiva del stock norte de atún blanco, parámetros como: la talla de primera madurez (L50) y la producción de ovocitos (fecundidad talla/edad). En Marzo 2023, unos Términos de Referencia fueron publicados por ICCAT. Un Consorcio integrado por Canadá, Taipei- Chino y España presentó una oferta para llevar a cabo el estudio de la biología reproductiva del atún blanco del stock norte del Atlántico y la recogida de muestras a lo largo del año y los análisis histológicos de las muestras recogidas en 2022. Se presentan los resultados de los análisis histológicos realizados.

Here we report findings regarding the reproductive biology of swordfish Xiphias gladius in Corsican waters in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. We sampled 558 swordfish (72–216 cm; lower jaw to fork length, LJFL) caught from June to September in 2019 and 2020 off Corsica's western and eastern coasts. We assessed swordfish reproductive activity using macroscopic gonad characteristics, trends of gonadal indexes for both sexes, and histological investigation of oocyte developmental stages. Size at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 139.2 ± 2.7 (95% CI) cm LJFL for females using histological techniques and 117 ± 1.7 cm (LJFL) for males using macroscopic criteria, corresponding to 3–4 and 2–3 year old-fish, respectively. Spawning occurred mainly from June to July, with a peak in July, characterized by a high gonadal index and histological and macroscopic evidence of reproductive activity. X. gladius spawning period is of relatively short duration, closely linked to SST, during which the females lay successive batches of eggs at a non-evaluated frequency. Batch fecundity (BF) and relative fecundity (RF) were estimated from five gravid females (135–209 cm LJFL) with unovulated, hydrated oocytes. BF was exponentially related to fish length with a mean BF of 1.94 ± 1.33 (mean ± SD) million hydrated oocytes in females. RF ranged from 22.29 to 37.24 (29.05 ± 5.97; mean ± SD) hydrated oocytes per gram of body weight. Our results improve knowledge regarding the sexual maturity, reproductive period, and spawning areas of swordfish in Corsican waters. These data are essential for the spatiotemporal management of Mediterranean swordfish stocks. We also provide an overview of the available information related to the reproductive biology and dynamics of Mediterranean swordfish and demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of swordfish spawning grounds throughout the Mediterranean Sea.

The tanaid Zeuxo holdichi is common in intertidal and shallow waters on the French side of the English Channel, with very high abundances along the Calvados coast. The abundances and population dynamics of Z. holdichi were studied during a one-year experiment of benthic colonization of artificial blocks placed upon intertidal oyster culture tables 0.5 m above the seabed. Bi-monthly sampling shows that the colonization was rapid, with abundances reaching 2,000 individuals per m2 in four months. Two peaks were observed at the end of September and the beginning of November, when the abundances exceeded 21,000 individuals per m2. Allometry measurements show that the length of the cephalothorax is a good proxy to estimate the total length of the individuals. The population is mainly composed of male and female adults measuring up to 5.35 mm. Ovigerous females are present from the middle of June to the end of the study, with a high occurrence in August-October. The number of embryos ranges from 5 to 89 for a mean fecundity of 24 embryos per brood pouch. The mean size of the females is 3.5 mm. The mean female/male ratio is 4.28. Considering these traits of life, Z. hodichi possesses high ability to rapidly colonize virgin hard substrates.

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Colony Size and Morphometrics, Fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents morphometric assessments and information on colony sizes of 10 replicate adult colonies from 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/843028, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-01

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Gamete Bundles, As a secondary assessment of fecundity, colonies of Acropora cerviconis (various genets) were taken to Mote Marine Laboratory in August 2020 for spawning and ex situ assisted sexual reproduction. From genets that spawned, forty random gamete bundles were collected during spawning and the total number of eggs and sperm per bundle were quantified. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868493, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Polpys per Area, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents information on the number of polyps per area from linear branches of five colonies with 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868308, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

1. Empirical studies have shown a positive relationship between migration and fecundity, suggesting a 'migration syndrome' that also includes delayed reproduction and an extended reproductive lifespan. At the same time, life history theory predicts that the cost of migration should result in lower fecundity because both traits draw from a common resource. 2. We test whether migration is associated with higher fecundity and delayed reproduction in five closely related butterfly species in the Nymphalini tribe. Two of these are migratory, Vanessa cardui and Vanessa atalanta, and three are non-migratory, Aglais urticae, Aglais io, and Polygonia c-album, which appears in a diapausing and a non-diapausing generation. 3. Laboratory experiment of this study demonstrated a higher lifetime fecundity in the non-migratory species A. urticae and A. io, compared with the migratory species. When reproductive output was measured in terms of egg mass over adult female mass, also the non-migratory species P. c-album had a higher reproductive investment than the two migratory species, and the non-diapausing generation had a higher reproductive output than the diapausing generation. All species but P. c-album delayed reproduction until 5-7 days after eclosion/emergence. 4. These results indicate that a migratory lifestyle carries a reproductive cost and suggests that the migratory habit has not resulted in selection for higher fecundity. However, the migratory species are highly fecund in a wider phylogenetic perspective, which leads to the conclusion that rather than selection having selected for high fecundity and delayed reproduction, these traits may be prerequisites for evolving a migratory lifestyle.

Sexual conflicts arise when there is a difference in how females and males of a species or population achieve their maximum reproductive fitness. In intralocus sexual conflicts, alleles at a given locus are exposed to conflicting, or antagonistic, selection pressures. Based on a Genome-wide association study on sexually antagonistic genes in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), the aim of this study was to investigate whether the candidate gene CG3598 exhibits sexually antagonistic effects on fitness between the 2 identified alleles of the gene. The study was performed on females from a Canton-S population of D. melanogaster who, by genetic manipulation through CRISPR Cas9, carried one of the 2 alleles of the CG3598. 6 excision lines of females had allele 1 and 5 excision lines had allele 2. The females were mated with "wild type" males from a Canton-S population in mediums prepared with about 6 mg of live dry yeast, after which the females were moved to separate mediums to lay their eggs. After 12 days, the adult offspring were counted and statistical calculations were performed on the average number of offspring per female for each line and allele. An Independent sample t-test showed that the females’ average fecundity did not differ between alleles (p = 0.059) and a Nested ANOVA analysis indicated that the average fecundity for each line within each allele differed (p = 0.023). Due to the fact that similar studies have found the same result, it may be necessary to investigate and possibly change the experimental design of the method to enable competition between females with different genetic conditions in order to observe a difference in fertility based on the females' ability to compete., Sexuella konflikter uppstår när det finns en skillnad i hur honor och hanar i en art eller population uppnår sin maximala reproduktiva fitness. Vid intralocus sexuella konflikter utsätts alleler vid ett givet locus för motstridiga, eller antagonistiska, selektionstryck. Baserat på en Genome-wide association study om sexuellt antagonistiska gener hos Drosophila melanogaster (bananflugor) syftade denna studie till att undersöka huruvida genkandidaten CG3598 uppvisar sexuellt antagonistiska effekter på fitness mellan de 2 identifierade allelerna av genen. Undersökningen utfördes på honor från en CantonS-population av D. melanogaster som genom genmodifiering av CRISPR Cas9 bar en av de olika alleler av genen CG3598. 6 linjer av honor bar allel 1 och 5 linjer bar allel 2. Honorna parades med ”wild type”-hanar från en CantonS-population i rör preparerade med ca 6 mg levande torrjäst, varpå honorna förflyttades till separata rör för att lägga sina ägg. Efter 12 dagar räknades de vuxna avkommorna och statistiska beräkningar utfördes på det genomsnittliga antalet avkommor per hona för respektive linje och allel. Ett oberoende t-test visade att honornas genomsnittliga fekunditet inte skiljde sig mellan alleler (p=0,059) och en Nested ANOVA-analys indikerade att genomsnittlig fekunditet för varje linje inom respektive allel skiljde sig (p=0,023). Då även liknande studier funnit samma resultat kan det vara nödvändig att studera och eventuellt förändra den experimentella designen av metoden för att möjliggöra konkurrens mellan honor med olika genetiska förutsättningar för att kunna observera en skillnad i fekunditet baserat på honornas förmåga att konkurrera.

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Polpys per Area, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents information on the number of polyps per area from linear branches of five colonies with 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868308, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Gamete Bundles, As a secondary assessment of fecundity, colonies of Acropora cerviconis (various genets) were taken to Mote Marine Laboratory in August 2020 for spawning and ex situ assisted sexual reproduction. From genets that spawned, forty random gamete bundles were collected during spawning and the total number of eggs and sperm per bundle were quantified. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868493, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Oocyte Size, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents information on oocyte sizes from dissections of coral polyps from five adult colonies containing 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/843067, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Oocyte Number, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents oocyte numbers from dissections of coral polyps from five adult colonies from 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/867314, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Oocyte Size, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents information on oocyte sizes from dissections of coral polyps from five adult colonies containing 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/843067, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Colony Size and Morphometrics, Fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents morphometric assessments and information on colony sizes of 10 replicate adult colonies from 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/843028, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-01

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Polpys per Area, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents information on the number of polyps per area from linear branches of five colonies with 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868308, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Oocyte Number, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents oocyte numbers from dissections of coral polyps from five adult colonies from 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/867314, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Oocyte Number, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents oocyte numbers from dissections of coral polyps from five adult colonies from 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/867314, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Colony Size and Morphometrics, Fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents morphometric assessments and information on colony sizes of 10 replicate adult colonies from 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/843028, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-01

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Gamete Bundles, As a secondary assessment of fecundity, colonies of Acropora cerviconis (various genets) were taken to Mote Marine Laboratory in August 2020 for spawning and ex situ assisted sexual reproduction. From genets that spawned, forty random gamete bundles were collected during spawning and the total number of eggs and sperm per bundle were quantified. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868493, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

Dataset: Acer Fecundity Oocyte Size, Primary fecundity was assessed for Acropora cervicornis corals with known disease susceptibility. This dataset presents information on oocyte sizes from dissections of coral polyps from five adult colonies containing 12 genets held in Mote Marine Lab’s spawning nurseries. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/843067, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1452538, 2022-12-31

To mitigate the effects of climate change, it is important to understand species' responses to increasing temperatures. This has often been done by studying survival or activity at temperature extremes. Before such extremes are reached, however, effects on fertility may already be apparent. Sex differences in the thermal sensitivity of fertility (TSF) could impact species persistence under climate warming because female fertility is typically more limiting to population growth than male fertility. However, little is known about sex differences in TSF. Here we first demonstrate that the mating system can strongly influence TSF using the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We exposed populations carrying artificially induced mutations to two generations of short-term experimental evolution under alternative mating systems, manipulating the opportunity for natural and sexual selection on the mutations. We then measured TSF in males and females subjected to juvenile or adult heat stress. Populations kept under natural and sexual selection had higher fitness, but similar TSF, compared to control populations kept under relaxed selection. However, females had higher TSF than males, and strikingly, this sex difference had increased over only two generations in populations evolving under sexual selection. We hypothesized that an increase in male-induced harm to females during mating had played a central role in driving this evolved sex difference, and indeed, remating under conditions limiting male harassment of females reduced both male and female TSF. Moreover, we show that manipulation of mating system parameters in C. maculatus generates intraspecific variation in the sex difference in TSF equal to that found among a diverse set of studies on insects. Our study provides a causal link between the mating system and TSF. Sexual conflict, (re)mating rates and genetic responses to sexual selection differ among ecological settings, mating systems and species. Our study there

To mitigate the effects of climate change, it is important to understand species' responses to increasing temperatures. This has often been done by studying survival or activity at temperature extremes. Before such extremes are reached, however, effects on fertility may already be apparent. Sex differences in the thermal sensitivity of fertility (TSF) could impact species persistence under climate warming because female fertility is typically more limiting to population growth than male fertility. However, little is known about sex differences in TSF. Here we first demonstrate that the mating system can strongly influence TSF using the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We exposed populations carrying artificially induced mutations to two generations of short-term experimental evolution under alternative mating systems, manipulating the opportunity for natural and sexual selection on the mutations. We then measured TSF in males and females subjected to juvenile or adult heat stress. Populations kept under natural and sexual selection had higher fitness, but similar TSF, compared to control populations kept under relaxed selection. However, females had higher TSF than males, and strikingly, this sex difference had increased over only two generations in populations evolving under sexual selection. We hypothesized that an increase in male-induced harm to females during mating had played a central role in driving this evolved sex difference, and indeed, remating under conditions limiting male harassment of females reduced both male and female TSF. Moreover, we show that manipulation of mating system parameters in C. maculatus generates intraspecific variation in the sex difference in TSF equal to that found among a diverse set of studies on insects. Our study provides a causal link between the mating system and TSF. Sexual conflict, (re)mating rates and genetic responses to sexual selection differ among ecological settings, mating systems and species. Our study there

To mitigate the effects of climate change, it is important to understand species' responses to increasing temperatures. This has often been done by studying survival or activity at temperature extremes. Before such extremes are reached, however, effects on fertility may already be apparent. Sex differences in the thermal sensitivity of fertility (TSF) could impact species persistence under climate warming because female fertility is typically more limiting to population growth than male fertility. However, little is known about sex differences in TSF. Here we first demonstrate that the mating system can strongly influence TSF using the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We exposed populations carrying artificially induced mutations to two generations of short-term experimental evolution under alternative mating systems, manipulating the opportunity for natural and sexual selection on the mutations. We then measured TSF in males and females subjected to juvenile or adult heat stress. Populations kept under natural and sexual selection had higher fitness, but similar TSF, compared to control populations kept under relaxed selection. However, females had higher TSF than males, and strikingly, this sex difference had increased over only two generations in populations evolving under sexual selection. We hypothesized that an increase in male-induced harm to females during mating had played a central role in driving this evolved sex difference, and indeed, remating under conditions limiting male harassment of females reduced both male and female TSF. Moreover, we show that manipulation of mating system parameters in C. maculatus generates intraspecific variation in the sex difference in TSF equal to that found among a diverse set of studies on insects. Our study provides a causal link between the mating system and TSF. Sexual conflict, (re)mating rates and genetic responses to sexual selection differ among ecological settings, mating systems and species. Our study there

Phenotypic plasticity in life history traits is common for marine fish as part of a life history strategy evolved to cope with spatiotemporal variation in ocean environmental conditions. Knowing how and why phenotypic plasticity in life history traits occurs improves predictions of growth, reproductive potential, and population dynamics as ocean conditions change through time or vary through space. Here, I use the live-bearing rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) of the California Current Ecosystem to explore environmental and energetic causes of reproductive plasticity and consequences for spatiotemporal variation in reproductive potential. Within the genus, intra- and inter-specific variation in the frequency of reproduction exists. Most rockfish produce a single larval brood annually once mature. However, a subset of species (and individuals of those species) reproduce with greater frequency in the southern region of the California Current Ecosystem, where ocean conditions most differ. Temporally, warm climate events negatively impact fish body condition and gonad size. I hypothesize that spatiotemporal variation in the ocean environmental conditions of the California Current influences variation in maternal energy reserves and the reproductive output of fish, with respect to maternal size. To test this, I use empirical study and theory. In Chapter 1, I find larger body size and greater food resources for the rosy rockfish (Sebastes rosaceus), a species capable of multiple broods, increases the frequency of reproduction and thus annual fecundity in optimal, stable laboratory feeding conditions. In Chapter 2, I use a 20+ year time series of rockfish from central California to find strong inter-annual variation in size-dependent fecundity relationships, and a greater capacity of large females to increase offspring production during years of favorable ocean conditions compared to small, mature females. In Chapter 3, I develop a state-dependent model to better understand the e