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Nekrolog över ordföranden i Alliance Francaise d´Upsal Michel Barber, avliden i Lourmarin i Frankrike.

This thesis in a tripartite disposition is intended to analyse and synthesize conscious and unconscious reminiscences of reading Homer in Jean Giono’s works, especially the figure of Odysseus polutropos or polumècanos, and to elucidate how the modern author through his characters regenerates this topos. Despite the fact that these two authors sprang from, in time and space, remotely situated places in the Mediterranean soil, the agrarian and manufacturing societies to which they belonged had many similarities. But, at a distance of thirty centuries, the comparison would seem risky if, in these two cases, the account did not intervene after a major conflict (The Trojan War and The First World War respectively) that changed the course of history. This form of ”logos meta polémon”, exposing real and fictional exploits, imposed itself upon the minds of those who survived the cataclysm. Following Giono in his real and imaginary wanderings, this study is intended to show how the circularity of thought interweaves with the aspiration to discover new horizons. Impetus, or the enthusiasm for treading on new grounds, harmonizes with the myth of circumnavigation, where the author with his characters, being a prey to distrust or in the grip of Gorgon, is in search of his self. Assuming different aspects of Odysseus´s personality, and adopting his attitudes, Giono’s vagabonds attempt to measure the world in order to survive. The study embraces the accommodation between the myth and the truth, the latter considered as the “deeper truth” that mythopoeic fictions often embody. Odysseus’s skill in giving verisimilitude to his falsehood is shown in the wanderers’ constant laborious struggle to obtain pitance, everyday existence. In this art of survival, the cunning (dólos) and the reasoning (logos), led by the mètis (the stratagem of intelligence), influence the action and the structure of the novel. The chapter that treats of poïésis undertakes to intertwine the composition of the i

Jansson, Kristina, 2006. Saisir l’insaisissable. Les formes et les traductions du discours indirect libre dans des romans suédois et français. Acta Wexionensia nr 86/2006. ISSN: XXXX-XXXX, ISBN: 91-7636-499-2. Written in French. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible forms and translations of free indirect discourse (discours indirect libre) in some French and Swedish novels written between 1880 and 1920. For the study, two corpora containing free indirect discourse (FID) were established: one with Swedish FID from some 40 novels written by August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Hjalmar Bergman and Hjalmar Söderberg and one with FID from one novel each by Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant, and two by Anatole France. These two corpora were compared in order to examine the influence of grammar, translational norms and individual translators on the final result. Another purpose was to compare the forms of FID in French and Swedish since they differ somewhat. The biggest difference seems to be that Swedish has a greater aptitude for mixing elements from several levels of narration. The study itself is divided in two parts. The first one explores the individual characteristics that create FID, their forms and their translation. There seems to be no syntactical difference in the treatment of personal pronouns, the alterations seem to be the result of a change made by the translators. The treatment of verb tenses and adverbials differs somewhat. One of the characteristics of FID is that it combines deictic adverbials focalised through the characters with verb tenses focalised through the narrator. French adverbials, above all deictic time adverbials, are restricted in that they cannot occur juxtaposed to all verb tenses, whereas Swedish is free to do so to a higher extent, a difference that influences the translation. Verb tenses are also a problem in that the French language has two, passé simple and imparfait, the former rare in FID, where Swedish only

Jansson, Kristina, 2006. Saisir l’insaisissable. Les formes et les traductions du discours indirect libre dans des romans suédois et français. Acta Wexionensia nr 86/2006. ISSN: XXXX-XXXX, ISBN: 91-7636-499-2. Written in French. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible forms and translations of free indirect discourse (discours indirect libre) in some French and Swedish novels written between 1880 and 1920. For the study, two corpora containing free indirect discourse (FID) were established: one with Swedish FID from some 40 novels written by August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Hjalmar Bergman and Hjalmar Söderberg and one with FID from one novel each by Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant, and two by Anatole France. These two corpora were compared in order to examine the influence of grammar, translational norms and individual translators on the final result. Another purpose was to compare the forms of FID in French and Swedish since they differ somewhat. The biggest difference seems to be that Swedish has a greater aptitude for mixing elements from several levels of narration. The study itself is divided in two parts. The first one explores the individual characteristics that create FID, their forms and their translation. There seems to be no syntactical difference in the treatment of personal pronouns, the alterations seem to be the result of a change made by the translators. The treatment of verb tenses and adverbials differs somewhat. One of the characteristics of FID is that it combines deictic adverbials focalised through the characters with verb tenses focalised through the narrator. French adverbials, above all deictic time adverbials, are restricted in that they cannot occur juxtaposed to all verb tenses, whereas Swedish is free to do so to a higher extent, a difference that influences the translation. Verb tenses are also a problem in that the French language has two, passé simple and imparfait, the former rare in FID, where Swedish only

Jansson, Kristina, 2006. Saisir l’insaisissable. Les formes et les traductions du discours indirect libre dans des romans suédois et français. Acta Wexionensia nr 86/2006. ISSN: XXXX-XXXX, ISBN: 91-7636-499-2. Written in French. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible forms and translations of free indirect discourse (discours indirect libre) in some French and Swedish novels written between 1880 and 1920. For the study, two corpora containing free indirect discourse (FID) were established: one with Swedish FID from some 40 novels written by August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Hjalmar Bergman and Hjalmar Söderberg and one with FID from one novel each by Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant, and two by Anatole France. These two corpora were compared in order to examine the influence of grammar, translational norms and individual translators on the final result. Another purpose was to compare the forms of FID in French and Swedish since they differ somewhat. The biggest difference seems to be that Swedish has a greater aptitude for mixing elements from several levels of narration. The study itself is divided in two parts. The first one explores the individual characteristics that create FID, their forms and their translation. There seems to be no syntactical difference in the treatment of personal pronouns, the alterations seem to be the result of a change made by the translators. The treatment of verb tenses and adverbials differs somewhat. One of the characteristics of FID is that it combines deictic adverbials focalised through the characters with verb tenses focalised through the narrator. French adverbials, above all deictic time adverbials, are restricted in that they cannot occur juxtaposed to all verb tenses, whereas Swedish is free to do so to a higher extent, a difference that influences the translation. Verb tenses are also a problem in that the French language has two, passé simple and imparfait, the former rare in FID, where Swedish only

Jansson, Kristina, 2006. Saisir l’insaisissable. Les formes et les traductions du discours indirect libre dans des romans suédois et français. Acta Wexionensia nr 86/2006. ISSN: XXXX-XXXX, ISBN: 91-7636-499-2. Written in French. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible forms and translations of free indirect discourse (discours indirect libre) in some French and Swedish novels written between 1880 and 1920. For the study, two corpora containing free indirect discourse (FID) were established: one with Swedish FID from some 40 novels written by August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Hjalmar Bergman and Hjalmar Söderberg and one with FID from one novel each by Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant, and two by Anatole France. These two corpora were compared in order to examine the influence of grammar, translational norms and individual translators on the final result. Another purpose was to compare the forms of FID in French and Swedish since they differ somewhat. The biggest difference seems to be that Swedish has a greater aptitude for mixing elements from several levels of narration. The study itself is divided in two parts. The first one explores the individual characteristics that create FID, their forms and their translation. There seems to be no syntactical difference in the treatment of personal pronouns, the alterations seem to be the result of a change made by the translators. The treatment of verb tenses and adverbials differs somewhat. One of the characteristics of FID is that it combines deictic adverbials focalised through the characters with verb tenses focalised through the narrator. French adverbials, above all deictic time adverbials, are restricted in that they cannot occur juxtaposed to all verb tenses, whereas Swedish is free to do so to a higher extent, a difference that influences the translation. Verb tenses are also a problem in that the French language has two, passé simple and imparfait, the former rare in FID, where Swedish only

This study examines the structure and the use of the speech paragraph (le paragraphe oral), as defined by Morel and Danon-Boileau 1998, in L1 French, in L1 Swedish and in the L2 French production of two advanced Swedish learners. The corpus examined consists of seven informal spontaneous endolingual and exolingual conversations. The study is not only contrastive, but also longitudinal, in the sense that each of the two learners has been recorded before and after a one-term long stay at a French university. After a short introductory chapter, chapter 2 discusses various methods used in analysing spoken discourse and prosody in French and Swedish. Chapter 3 presents the speech paragraph theory of Morel and Danon-Boileau. The analysed corpus is described in chapter 4. The analyses of the corpus are presented in chapters 5 to 9. Chapter 5 contains an analysis of the préambule, the first speech paragraph segment. Chapter 6 deals with the second speech paragraph segment, the rhème, and chapter 7 with the third segment, the posthème. Chapter 8 examines the ponctuants in the three productions. Chapter 9 includes a brief description of the speech paragraphs in the three productions examined. It also contains analyses of the incises and of the régulateurs (backchannels) in the corpus. At the end of the chapter different types of speech paragraphs are shown and the defining criteria of the speech paragraph are discussed. The main differences between the L1 and the L2 French productions are found in the structure and the use of the préambules and in the use of modal elements in all positions within the speech paragraph. It is observed that the préambules in L2 French are less developed than those in L1 French. This difference is particularly visible in the use of initial préambules having a primarily textual function. The structure of the L2 French préambules is partially explained by an influence of the L1 Swedish préambule structure. As for the use of modal elements, the anal

This thesis deals with the development of the DP (the Determiner Phrase) in bilingual first (2L1) and in adult second (L2) language acquisition of French. The thesis shows that the children and the adult Swedish learners acquire syntactic categories differently: the children follow a structural economy principle in positing as small categories as possible (Rizzi, 1998). The adult learners aim to establish as few different categories as possible, which leads them to larger syntactic categories. Both principles are claimed to be part of the Universal Grammar (UG). The empirical part contains three interrelated analyses. The first analysis deals with the omissions of determiners and investigates the status of early Functional Categories (FCs). The children and the adults differ with respect to the underlying grammar of DPs at the initial state: only the children go through a stage where determiners are generally absent and only in the children is there a correlation between suppliance of determiners and linguistic development. The results speak against theories in L2 where an initial absence of FCs is postulated. Moreover, we find only a weak correlation between the omission of determiners, Null Subjects and Root infinitives in 2L1. The independent development of DP and CP is compatible with a structural economy approach to omissions but seems to speak against underspecification accounts that predict a parallel development of DP and CP. The second analysis deals with the syntactic status of the definite article, a clitic head (X0). Data from elision and incorporation are used for the analysis. Following our main hypotheses, the syntactic “lightness” of the clitic definite article predicts different acquisition patterns in 2L1 and L2. This is borne out in the data. The children have few problems with elision and incorporation (au/du ventre) whereas the adult learners of the lowest level of development nearly never elide or incorporate with prepositions (but produce *à l

I denna uppsats har jag fortsatt den ndersökning av svenska inlärare av franska som påbörjades i min C-uppsats. Avsikten har varit att studera om de språkliga avvikelser från den franska normen som upptäcktes i den förra studien kvarstår även denna gång då studien inte längre gäller vokaldurationer utan istället det tonala förloppet och final förlängning. Svenska inlärares prosodiska konstruktioner har studerats och jämförts med mönstret för fransktalande referenspersoner. Antagandet var att man skulle kunna observera tydliga, och därtill likartade, avvikelser från den franska normen - avvikelser som eventuellt skulle kunna härledas till det svenska modersmålet och de prosodiska skillnaderna mellan språk med betoningsbaserad respektive stavelsebaserad rytm. Informanterna utgjordes av två grupper av svenska inlärare av franska, den ena med informanter som enbart lärt sig franska i svensk skolmiljö och den andra med inlärare som därutöver under en period även vistats i en franskspråkig omgivning. Tydliga avvikelser från den franska normen märktes för samtliga svenska informanter men någon inbördes gruppering bland inlärarna kunde inte noteras. Resultatet tyder på stark påverkan från modersmålet - sannolikt orsakad av svårigheter att helt frigöra sig från svenskans prosodiska mönster. Det faktum att de inbördes skillnaderna mellan de båda svenska inlärargrupperna är små tyder dessutom på att informanterna är ännu starkare präglade av de tonala egenskaperna i modersmålet än av de temporala aspekterna - vilket leder till att man kan dra slutsatsen att de tonala egenskaperna är ännu svårare att vänja sig av med.

I denna uppsats har jag velat undersöka om de prosodiska skillnaderna mellan svenskan och franskan kan förklara de avvikelser från den franska normen som återfinns hos nästan alla svenska inlärare av franska, i det närmaste oberoende av hur länge man har studerat språket. Jag ville studera om skillnaderna kunde härledas till olikheterna mellan de båda rytmiska språktyperna stress-timing och syllable-timing, där svenskan anses tillhöra den förra och franskan den senare. I hur stor utsträckning påverkar modersmålet inlärning och produktion av ett andraspråk? Den undersökning jag har gjort syftade till att se om de rytmiska olikheterna mellan svenskan och franskan har märkbara effekter på hur betoning realiseras. Förhoppningen var att skillnaderna skulle vara särskilt påtagliga vid just betoning beroende på de skiljande realiseringssätten i franskan och svenskan. Informanterna utgjordes av två grupper av svenska inlärare av franska där den ena uteslutande lärt sig franska i Sverige och den andra även lärt sig språket under vistelse i Frankrike eller annat franskspråkigt land. Informanternas resultat jämfördes med franska referenspersoners och visade ett klart mönster. Tydlig påverkan från det svenska modersmålet märktes för samtliga informanter och i synnerhet för den inlärargrupp som endast lärt sig franska här i landet.

Radion har från första början sänt program på främmande språk, och så småningom blev språkprogrammen en viktig del av det pedagogiska utbudet. Vilken roll spelade dessa program i samhällets mer övergripande projekt efter andra världskriget: att göra hela svenska folket mer språkkunnigt? Vilken roll fick radioundervisningen för lärarna, vilkas erfarenhet av den muntliga sidan av de främmande språken var begränsad? Hur kan radions speciella metodik, med sin betoning på hörförståelse och muntliga övningar, ha påverkat den metodik som förespråkades i de metodiska anvisningarna från Skolöverstyrelsen och den som utövades i klassrummen?, Felaktigt ISBN 91-888-830-08-X. Korrigerat.

S. 171-188: Répertoire alphabétique des manuels de français publiés en Suède ou à l'usage des Suédois jusqu'en 1807With an English summary