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This study investigated the terms used by drummers and audio engineers to describe the recorded drum kit and the processing applied to it. The main method consisted of semi-structured interviews with six professionals in the fields of drumming and audio engineering. The participants were asked to describe five musical samples of different drum kit mixes containing kick, snare and hi-hat sounds. Their descriptions along with explanations of their communication tactics were compared, resulting in explanations of fourteen semantic descriptors. The comparison of their use of the terms in the context of the samples revealed some differences depending on their professional backgrounds. The results suggested that, while audio engineers have a larger semantic lexicon in regards to the recorded drum kit, the differences in the definitions of terms had a larger degree of variation between individuals than between the respective professions.

This study investigated the terms used by drummers and audio engineers to describe the recorded drum kit and the processing applied to it. The main method consisted of semi-structured interviews with six professionals in the fields of drumming and audio engineering. The participants were asked to describe five musical samples of different drum kit mixes containing kick, snare and hi-hat sounds. Their descriptions along with explanations of their communication tactics were compared, resulting in explanations of fourteen semantic descriptors. The comparison of their use of the terms in the context of the samples revealed some differences depending on their professional backgrounds. The results suggested that, while audio engineers have a larger semantic lexicon in regards to the recorded drum kit, the differences in the definitions of terms had a larger degree of variation between individuals than between the respective professions.

Diffraction imaging can help better understand small-scale geological structures. Due to their often-weak signal, in order to image them, it is necessary to separate diffraction signals from the rest of the wavefield. Many different methods have been developed for diffraction wavefield separation, and the newest trend includes the application of artificial neural networks and deep learning. Available case studies with a deep-learning approach for diffraction separation show good results when applied to synthetic and sedimentary setting datasets where diffraction signals are either strong or have pronounced characteristics. Examples, however, are missing from crystalline or hardrock geological settings where the signal-to-noise ratio is by far lower and diffraction signals are usually within a complex reflectivity medium, have steep tails and are usually incomplete. In this study, we showcase the application of a deep semantic segmentation model on synthetic seismic, real ground-penetrating radar, and hardrock seismic datasets. Synthetic seismic sections were generated using different random noise levels and coherent noise resembling a complex reflectivity pattern interfering with diffraction tails. For the real GPR dataset, diffraction signals were successfully delineated, although in some locations reflections were picked up because of their similar pixel values as the apex of the diffractions. As for the real seismic dataset, through a number of approaches, we were able to completely delineate a single diffraction within several inlines that was generated from a massive sulphide body. The algorithm also enabled us to recognize an incomplete diffraction, at the edge of the seismic cube, which was never labelled. This diffraction originated from outside of the seismic volume and may be a target for future mineral exploration programmes, thanks to the deep semantic segmentation algorithm providing this possibility.

Diffraction imaging can help better understand small-scale geological structures. Due to their often-weak signal, in order to image them, it is necessary to separate diffraction signals from the rest of the wavefield. Many different methods have been developed for diffraction wavefield separation, and the newest trend includes the application of artificial neural networks and deep learning. Available case studies with a deep-learning approach for diffraction separation show good results when applied to synthetic and sedimentary setting datasets where diffraction signals are either strong or have pronounced characteristics. Examples, however, are missing from crystalline or hardrock geological settings where the signal-to-noise ratio is by far lower and diffraction signals are usually within a complex reflectivity medium, have steep tails and are usually incomplete. In this study, we showcase the application of a deep semantic segmentation model on synthetic seismic, real ground-penetrating radar, and hardrock seismic datasets. Synthetic seismic sections were generated using different random noise levels and coherent noise resembling a complex reflectivity pattern interfering with diffraction tails. For the real GPR dataset, diffraction signals were successfully delineated, although in some locations reflections were picked up because of their similar pixel values as the apex of the diffractions. As for the real seismic dataset, through a number of approaches, we were able to completely delineate a single diffraction within several inlines that was generated from a massive sulphide body. The algorithm also enabled us to recognize an incomplete diffraction, at the edge of the seismic cube, which was never labelled. This diffraction originated from outside of the seismic volume and may be a target for future mineral exploration programmes, thanks to the deep semantic segmentation algorithm providing this possibility.

Diffraction imaging can help better understand small-scale geological structures. Due to their often-weak signal, in order to image them, it is necessary to separate diffraction signals from the rest of the wavefield. Many different methods have been developed for diffraction wavefield separation, and the newest trend includes the application of artificial neural networks and deep learning. Available case studies with a deep-learning approach for diffraction separation show good results when applied to synthetic and sedimentary setting datasets where diffraction signals are either strong or have pronounced characteristics. Examples, however, are missing from crystalline or hardrock geological settings where the signal-to-noise ratio is by far lower and diffraction signals are usually within a complex reflectivity medium, have steep tails and are usually incomplete. In this study, we showcase the application of a deep semantic segmentation model on synthetic seismic, real ground-penetrating radar, and hardrock seismic datasets. Synthetic seismic sections were generated using different random noise levels and coherent noise resembling a complex reflectivity pattern interfering with diffraction tails. For the real GPR dataset, diffraction signals were successfully delineated, although in some locations reflections were picked up because of their similar pixel values as the apex of the diffractions. As for the real seismic dataset, through a number of approaches, we were able to completely delineate a single diffraction within several inlines that was generated from a massive sulphide body. The algorithm also enabled us to recognize an incomplete diffraction, at the edge of the seismic cube, which was never labelled. This diffraction originated from outside of the seismic volume and may be a target for future mineral exploration programmes, thanks to the deep semantic segmentation algorithm providing this possibility.

Diffraction imaging can help better understand small-scale geological structures. Due to their often-weak signal, in order to image them, it is necessary to separate diffraction signals from the rest of the wavefield. Many different methods have been developed for diffraction wavefield separation, and the newest trend includes the application of artificial neural networks and deep learning. Available case studies with a deep-learning approach for diffraction separation show good results when applied to synthetic and sedimentary setting datasets where diffraction signals are either strong or have pronounced characteristics. Examples, however, are missing from crystalline or hardrock geological settings where the signal-to-noise ratio is by far lower and diffraction signals are usually within a complex reflectivity medium, have steep tails and are usually incomplete. In this study, we showcase the application of a deep semantic segmentation model on synthetic seismic, real ground-penetrating radar, and hardrock seismic datasets. Synthetic seismic sections were generated using different random noise levels and coherent noise resembling a complex reflectivity pattern interfering with diffraction tails. For the real GPR dataset, diffraction signals were successfully delineated, although in some locations reflections were picked up because of their similar pixel values as the apex of the diffractions. As for the real seismic dataset, through a number of approaches, we were able to completely delineate a single diffraction within several inlines that was generated from a massive sulphide body. The algorithm also enabled us to recognize an incomplete diffraction, at the edge of the seismic cube, which was never labelled. This diffraction originated from outside of the seismic volume and may be a target for future mineral exploration programmes, thanks to the deep semantic segmentation algorithm providing this possibility.

Diffraction imaging can help better understand small-scale geological structures. Due to their often-weak signal, in order to image them, it is necessary to separate diffraction signals from the rest of the wavefield. Many different methods have been developed for diffraction wavefield separation, and the newest trend includes the application of artificial neural networks and deep learning. Available case studies with a deep-learning approach for diffraction separation show good results when applied to synthetic and sedimentary setting datasets where diffraction signals are either strong or have pronounced characteristics. Examples, however, are missing from crystalline or hardrock geological settings where the signal-to-noise ratio is by far lower and diffraction signals are usually within a complex reflectivity medium, have steep tails and are usually incomplete. In this study, we showcase the application of a deep semantic segmentation model on synthetic seismic, real ground-penetrating radar, and hardrock seismic datasets. Synthetic seismic sections were generated using different random noise levels and coherent noise resembling a complex reflectivity pattern interfering with diffraction tails. For the real GPR dataset, diffraction signals were successfully delineated, although in some locations reflections were picked up because of their similar pixel values as the apex of the diffractions. As for the real seismic dataset, through a number of approaches, we were able to completely delineate a single diffraction within several inlines that was generated from a massive sulphide body. The algorithm also enabled us to recognize an incomplete diffraction, at the edge of the seismic cube, which was never labelled. This diffraction originated from outside of the seismic volume and may be a target for future mineral exploration programmes, thanks to the deep semantic segmentation algorithm providing this possibility.

Natural resources, such as mineral deposits and groundwater in particular, are crucial for our society, as the world prepares itself for a smooth transition towards green technologies and decarbonization. Apart from extraction and use, innovative mineral exploration solutions are needed to complete the full value chain and to achieve the sustainable development goals. The application of seismic methods for both near-surface environmental and deep mineral exploration investigations is known, but high costs are associated with data acquisition and processing. In order to illustrate the potential of the seismic methods for efficient exploration of groundwater and mineral resources, cost-effective seismic surveys were acquired within two locations in Finland and Sweden, for aquifer delineation and imaging of iron-oxide mineralization in a hardrock environment, respectively. Physical properties, obtained from geophysical downhole logging and laboratory measurements, were analyzed for a complete characterization of the mineralization and its host rocks. 3D ray-tracing and 2D finite-difference forward modeling were carried out for better assessing the seismic response of the mineralization. The effectiveness of these seismic surveys was revealed by the quality seismic data acquired using a low-cost, easily operated seismic source and different sensors, including a broadband seismic landstreamer. In particular, the seismic source provided adequate penetration in two different and challenging environments, namely soft glacial sediments at Virttaankangas, southwest Finland, and swampy glacial cover at Blötberget, south central Sweden. The large-scale units of the Virttaankangas aquifer were successfully delineated and integrated with the hydrogeological units of the groundwater flow model. The mineralization at Blötberget was interpreted to further extend 300-400 m downdip, below the currently known depth from borehole observations. 3D processing of the 2D seismic profiles

Natural resources, such as mineral deposits and groundwater in particular, are crucial for our society, as the world prepares itself for a smooth transition towards green technologies and decarbonization. Apart from extraction and use, innovative mineral exploration solutions are needed to complete the full value chain and to achieve the sustainable development goals. The application of seismic methods for both near-surface environmental and deep mineral exploration investigations is known, but high costs are associated with data acquisition and processing. In order to illustrate the potential of the seismic methods for efficient exploration of groundwater and mineral resources, cost-effective seismic surveys were acquired within two locations in Finland and Sweden, for aquifer delineation and imaging of iron-oxide mineralization in a hardrock environment, respectively. Physical properties, obtained from geophysical downhole logging and laboratory measurements, were analyzed for a complete characterization of the mineralization and its host rocks. 3D ray-tracing and 2D finite-difference forward modeling were carried out for better assessing the seismic response of the mineralization. The effectiveness of these seismic surveys was revealed by the quality seismic data acquired using a low-cost, easily operated seismic source and different sensors, including a broadband seismic landstreamer. In particular, the seismic source provided adequate penetration in two different and challenging environments, namely soft glacial sediments at Virttaankangas, southwest Finland, and swampy glacial cover at Blötberget, south central Sweden. The large-scale units of the Virttaankangas aquifer were successfully delineated and integrated with the hydrogeological units of the groundwater flow model. The mineralization at Blötberget was interpreted to further extend 300-400 m downdip, below the currently known depth from borehole observations. 3D processing of the 2D seismic profiles

Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning mina nuvarande mixnings-metoder förhåller sig till Bobby Owsinskis sex kända mixningsbyggstenar under mixning av dödsmetalbandet Voids album Void. Detta görs genom att kritiskt analysera en ursprunglig mix som fanns tillhanda med hänseende till Owsinskis byggstenar. De mixtekniska problem som redogörs i analysen åtgärdas därefter för att låta albumet analyseras på nytt, åter med beaktning av Owsinskis byggstenar. Slutligen visar detta arbete hur dessa två analyser skiljer sig åt och således visar hur mina mixmetoder i förhållande till dessa byggstenar går att urskilja.

I 1920-talets Sverige gjorde jazzen sitt officiella intåg. Genren och framförallt livsstilen lockade till sig många ungdomliga anhängare samtidigt som deras föräldrar och media stod på sidan om och förfasades över deras sätt att bete sig och hur de klädde sig. Jazzen höll sig kvar och utvecklades till Swing och Sverige fick sin första tonårsidol i form av 16-åriga Alice Babs. Nästa våg av ungdomskultur kom på 1950-talet i form av rocken som i likhet med sin släkting jazz också härstammade från afro-amerikansk kultur. Den traditionella rocken utvecklades sedan på 1960-talet till någonting som lät hårdare och råare, nämligen hårdrock. År 1976 hade den amerikanska hårdrocksgruppen Kiss sin första spelning i Sverige på nöjesfältet Gröna Lund i Stockholm. Tonåringar över hela landet flockades för att se den nya supergruppen. Kiss blev däremot inte lika välkomnande i media som menade att gruppen uppmuntrade sina fans att leka våldslekar på rasterna. I mitten av 1980-talet och början av 1990-talet introducerades närmast följandeungdomskultur, hip-hoppen som likt rocken och jazzen härstammande från afro-amerikansk kultur. 1994 debuterade en av de första kända hip-hopp grupperna i Sverige, Latin Kings med albumet Välkommen till förorten. Albumet väckte stor uppmärksamhet i media och journalister reste ut till främst Stockholms förorter för att intervjua gruppens fans om den nyahippa ungdomskulturen och huruvida texterna innehöll någon sanning eller inte. Uppsatsen som genomförts är en kvalitativ massmedieretorisk analys vars syfte är att svara på frågeställningen hur ungdomsfenomen har gestaltats i fyra svenska tidningar utifrån tre historiska ungdomsfenomen. Tidningarna som analysen har utgått ifrån är Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter samt Svenska Dagbladet. Resultatet av analysen visar att gestaltningen av ungdomskultur oftast har präglats av det finns en pågående konflikt som tidningarna själva ofta omedvetet eller medvetet medverkar till.

Natural resources, such as mineral deposits and groundwater in particular, are crucial for our society, as the world prepares itself for a smooth transition towards green technologies and decarbonization. Apart from extraction and use, innovative mineral exploration solutions are needed to complete the full value chain and to achieve the sustainable development goals. The application of seismic methods for both near-surface environmental and deep mineral exploration investigations is known, but high costs are associated with data acquisition and processing. In order to illustrate the potential of the seismic methods for efficient exploration of groundwater and mineral resources, cost-effective seismic surveys were acquired within two locations in Finland and Sweden, for aquifer delineation and imaging of iron-oxide mineralization in a hardrock environment, respectively. Physical properties, obtained from geophysical downhole logging and laboratory measurements, were analyzed for a complete characterization of the mineralization and its host rocks. 3D ray-tracing and 2D finite-difference forward modeling were carried out for better assessing the seismic response of the mineralization. The effectiveness of these seismic surveys was revealed by the quality seismic data acquired using a low-cost, easily operated seismic source and different sensors, including a broadband seismic landstreamer. In particular, the seismic source provided adequate penetration in two different and challenging environments, namely soft glacial sediments at Virttaankangas, southwest Finland, and swampy glacial cover at Blötberget, south central Sweden. The large-scale units of the Virttaankangas aquifer were successfully delineated and integrated with the hydrogeological units of the groundwater flow model. The mineralization at Blötberget was interpreted to further extend 300-400 m downdip, below the currently known depth from borehole observations. 3D processing of the 2D seismic profiles

Natural resources, such as mineral deposits and groundwater in particular, are crucial for our society, as the world prepares itself for a smooth transition towards green technologies and decarbonization. Apart from extraction and use, innovative mineral exploration solutions are needed to complete the full value chain and to achieve the sustainable development goals. The application of seismic methods for both near-surface environmental and deep mineral exploration investigations is known, but high costs are associated with data acquisition and processing. In order to illustrate the potential of the seismic methods for efficient exploration of groundwater and mineral resources, cost-effective seismic surveys were acquired within two locations in Finland and Sweden, for aquifer delineation and imaging of iron-oxide mineralization in a hardrock environment, respectively. Physical properties, obtained from geophysical downhole logging and laboratory measurements, were analyzed for a complete characterization of the mineralization and its host rocks. 3D ray-tracing and 2D finite-difference forward modeling were carried out for better assessing the seismic response of the mineralization. The effectiveness of these seismic surveys was revealed by the quality seismic data acquired using a low-cost, easily operated seismic source and different sensors, including a broadband seismic landstreamer. In particular, the seismic source provided adequate penetration in two different and challenging environments, namely soft glacial sediments at Virttaankangas, southwest Finland, and swampy glacial cover at Blötberget, south central Sweden. The large-scale units of the Virttaankangas aquifer were successfully delineated and integrated with the hydrogeological units of the groundwater flow model. The mineralization at Blötberget was interpreted to further extend 300-400 m downdip, below the currently known depth from borehole observations. 3D processing of the 2D seismic profiles

Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning mina nuvarande mixnings-metoder förhåller sig till Bobby Owsinskis sex kända mixningsbyggstenar under mixning av dödsmetalbandet Voids album Void. Detta görs genom att kritiskt analysera en ursprunglig mix som fanns tillhanda med hänseende till Owsinskis byggstenar. De mixtekniska problem som redogörs i analysen åtgärdas därefter för att låta albumet analyseras på nytt, åter med beaktning av Owsinskis byggstenar. Slutligen visar detta arbete hur dessa två analyser skiljer sig åt och således visar hur mina mixmetoder i förhållande till dessa byggstenar går att urskilja.

I 1920-talets Sverige gjorde jazzen sitt officiella intåg. Genren och framförallt livsstilen lockade till sig många ungdomliga anhängare samtidigt som deras föräldrar och media stod på sidan om och förfasades över deras sätt att bete sig och hur de klädde sig. Jazzen höll sig kvar och utvecklades till Swing och Sverige fick sin första tonårsidol i form av 16-åriga Alice Babs. Nästa våg av ungdomskultur kom på 1950-talet i form av rocken som i likhet med sin släkting jazz också härstammade från afro-amerikansk kultur. Den traditionella rocken utvecklades sedan på 1960-talet till någonting som lät hårdare och råare, nämligen hårdrock. År 1976 hade den amerikanska hårdrocksgruppen Kiss sin första spelning i Sverige på nöjesfältet Gröna Lund i Stockholm. Tonåringar över hela landet flockades för att se den nya supergruppen. Kiss blev däremot inte lika välkomnande i media som menade att gruppen uppmuntrade sina fans att leka våldslekar på rasterna. I mitten av 1980-talet och början av 1990-talet introducerades närmast följandeungdomskultur, hip-hoppen som likt rocken och jazzen härstammande från afro-amerikansk kultur. 1994 debuterade en av de första kända hip-hopp grupperna i Sverige, Latin Kings med albumet Välkommen till förorten. Albumet väckte stor uppmärksamhet i media och journalister reste ut till främst Stockholms förorter för att intervjua gruppens fans om den nyahippa ungdomskulturen och huruvida texterna innehöll någon sanning eller inte. Uppsatsen som genomförts är en kvalitativ massmedieretorisk analys vars syfte är att svara på frågeställningen hur ungdomsfenomen har gestaltats i fyra svenska tidningar utifrån tre historiska ungdomsfenomen. Tidningarna som analysen har utgått ifrån är Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter samt Svenska Dagbladet. Resultatet av analysen visar att gestaltningen av ungdomskultur oftast har präglats av det finns en pågående konflikt som tidningarna själva ofta omedvetet eller medvetet medverkar till.

Natural resources, such as mineral deposits and groundwater in particular, are crucial for our society, as the world prepares itself for a smooth transition towards green technologies and decarbonization. Apart from extraction and use, innovative mineral exploration solutions are needed to complete the full value chain and to achieve the sustainable development goals. The application of seismic methods for both near-surface environmental and deep mineral exploration investigations is known, but high costs are associated with data acquisition and processing. In order to illustrate the potential of the seismic methods for efficient exploration of groundwater and mineral resources, cost-effective seismic surveys were acquired within two locations in Finland and Sweden, for aquifer delineation and imaging of iron-oxide mineralization in a hardrock environment, respectively. Physical properties, obtained from geophysical downhole logging and laboratory measurements, were analyzed for a complete characterization of the mineralization and its host rocks. 3D ray-tracing and 2D finite-difference forward modeling were carried out for better assessing the seismic response of the mineralization. The effectiveness of these seismic surveys was revealed by the quality seismic data acquired using a low-cost, easily operated seismic source and different sensors, including a broadband seismic landstreamer. In particular, the seismic source provided adequate penetration in two different and challenging environments, namely soft glacial sediments at Virttaankangas, southwest Finland, and swampy glacial cover at Blötberget, south central Sweden. The large-scale units of the Virttaankangas aquifer were successfully delineated and integrated with the hydrogeological units of the groundwater flow model. The mineralization at Blötberget was interpreted to further extend 300-400 m downdip, below the currently known depth from borehole observations. 3D processing of the 2D seismic profiles

Denna uppsats riktar fokus mot att ringa in de inlärningsmetoder som kan ha använts för att mynna ut i de speciella spelsätt som anammades av hårdrockstrummisar på 1970- och 1980- talet. Två trummisar har valts ut för att representera de två årtiondena, John Bonham och Vinny Appice. Arbetet berör de två termerna formellt och informellt lärande. Även plankning och transkription diskuteras då detta utgör en stor del av metoden för att nå någon form av tes. De två utvalda trummisarnas spel har transkriberats i såväl kompsituation som solosituation för att sedan jämföras med utvald slagverkslitteratur. Detta arbetet mynnar ut i resultatet att för att erhålla de spelstilistiska drag som återfinns i dessa årtionden bör gråzonen mellan formellt och informellt lärande omfamnas snarare än att de båda sätts i kontrast till varandra.

Denna uppsats riktar fokus mot att ringa in de inlärningsmetoder som kan ha använts för att mynna ut i de speciella spelsätt som anammades av hårdrockstrummisar på 1970- och 1980- talet. Två trummisar har valts ut för att representera de två årtiondena, John Bonham och Vinny Appice. Arbetet berör de två termerna formellt och informellt lärande. Även plankning och transkription diskuteras då detta utgör en stor del av metoden för att nå någon form av tes. De två utvalda trummisarnas spel har transkriberats i såväl kompsituation som solosituation för att sedan jämföras med utvald slagverkslitteratur. Detta arbetet mynnar ut i resultatet att för att erhålla de spelstilistiska drag som återfinns i dessa årtionden bör gråzonen mellan formellt och informellt lärande omfamnas snarare än att de båda sätts i kontrast till varandra.

Musik idag är inte enbart en skiva eller en konsert. Det är en enorm industri som bara växer och där artister och band tidigt ses som varumärken. Hårdrocken är en genre med starka normer, traditioner och strukturer, särskilt kring kvinnans roll inom genren. Medan musikbranschen i Sverige prioriterar jämställdhetsarbetet ses hårdrocksbranschen inte alls ta frågan med samma prioritet och genren ligger sämst till när det kommer till kvinnors representation på inom livescenen. Vad händer med kvinnorna inom scenen och hur påverkar de rådande strukturerna deras varumärken? Genom att studera detta område i ett varumärkesperspektiv vill vi få fram vilka strukturer som förekommer kring den yrkesverksamma, professionella kvinnan som är musiker inom hårdrocksscenen och hur den möjliggör, begränsar eller på annat sätt upplevs och arbetas med i ett varumärkesperspektiv. För att få svar på vår frågeställning valde vi att utföra kvalitativa intervjuer med aktörer inom branschen i Sverige. Sex stycken musiker som är kvinnor och fyra stycken från olika bolag inom genren. Genom att intervjua ett fåtal aktörer kunde vi få en djupare förståelse för hur strukturer påverkar och upplevs och även om strukturerna ens förekommer inom den svenska scenen. Vi valde ut områden som var viktiga för att besvara frågeställningen Hur upplevs och framställs varumärket hos kvinnor som är musiker inom den svenska hårdrocksscenen? och identifierade dessa till: varumärke, identitet, fält, habitus och genusidentitet och maktstrukturer generellt mellan könen men även specifikt för hårdrocksgenren. Vi presenterade även tidigare forskning inom området för genus och hårdrock respektive genus och varumärke för att se vilka tidigare strukturer som upptäckts. I vår studie fick vi fram att många av de strukturer som rådde inom hårdrocksscenen även reproducerades i varumärkesarbetet. Stora kunskapsluckor och en brist på medvetenhet hos ak, Today’s music isn’t just about records and concerts. It’s a huge industry that’s growing larger by the minute where artists and bands early on are viewed as brands. Heavy metal is a genre with clear and strong standards, traditions and structures. Particularly when it comes to women’s role in the genre. While the music industry in general in Sweden prioritize gender equality the heavy metal genre doesn’t prioritize this issue. The heavy metal scene have the lowest representation of women on their live scenes. What happens to the women in this genre and how does this affect the prevailing structures of their brands? By studying this area in a brand perspective, we want to bring out the structures that exist around the ‘professional female musician’ in the heavy metal genre. We also want to see how this might enable or limit their brands and also how other industry professionals manage and experience their brands To answer our question, we chose to conduct interviews with six female musicians and four industry professionals in form of managers, booking agents and record labels. These interviews were able to give us a deeper understanding of how these believed structures work or if they even exist at all in the Swedish heavy metal scene. We identified five areas that would help us answer our research question; How female musicians brands are presented and experienced by others in the Swedish heavy metal scene? These areas were gender identity, brands, industry, ideals and power structures between the genders in general but also more specific for the heavy metal scene. We also presented previous research in the area of gender and heavy metal but also in the area of gender and brands, this was to see if any structures had been discovered previous to our study. In our study we found that many of the prevailing structures were reproduced in the branding of the female musicians. There were large gaps in the knowledge and awareness from the industry professionals working wit

Musik idag är inte enbart en skiva eller en konsert. Det är en enorm industri som bara växer och där artister och band tidigt ses som varumärken. Hårdrocken är en genre med starka normer, traditioner och strukturer, särskilt kring kvinnans roll inom genren. Medan musikbranschen i Sverige prioriterar jämställdhetsarbetet ses hårdrocksbranschen inte alls ta frågan med samma prioritet och genren ligger sämst till när det kommer till kvinnors representation på inom livescenen. Vad händer med kvinnorna inom scenen och hur påverkar de rådande strukturerna deras varumärken? Genom att studera detta område i ett varumärkesperspektiv vill vi få fram vilka strukturer som förekommer kring den yrkesverksamma, professionella kvinnan som är musiker inom hårdrocksscenen och hur den möjliggör, begränsar eller på annat sätt upplevs och arbetas med i ett varumärkesperspektiv. För att få svar på vår frågeställning valde vi att utföra kvalitativa intervjuer med aktörer inom branschen i Sverige. Sex stycken musiker som är kvinnor och fyra stycken från olika bolag inom genren. Genom att intervjua ett fåtal aktörer kunde vi få en djupare förståelse för hur strukturer påverkar och upplevs och även om strukturerna ens förekommer inom den svenska scenen. Vi valde ut områden som var viktiga för att besvara frågeställningen Hur upplevs och framställs varumärket hos kvinnor som är musiker inom den svenska hårdrocksscenen? och identifierade dessa till: varumärke, identitet, fält, habitus och genusidentitet och maktstrukturer generellt mellan könen men även specifikt för hårdrocksgenren. Vi presenterade även tidigare forskning inom området för genus och hårdrock respektive genus och varumärke för att se vilka tidigare strukturer som upptäckts. I vår studie fick vi fram att många av de strukturer som rådde inom hårdrocksscenen även reproducerades i varumärkesarbetet. Stora kunskapsluckor och en brist på medvetenhet hos ak, Today’s music isn’t just about records and concerts. It’s a huge industry that’s growing larger by the minute where artists and bands early on are viewed as brands. Heavy metal is a genre with clear and strong standards, traditions and structures. Particularly when it comes to women’s role in the genre. While the music industry in general in Sweden prioritize gender equality the heavy metal genre doesn’t prioritize this issue. The heavy metal scene have the lowest representation of women on their live scenes. What happens to the women in this genre and how does this affect the prevailing structures of their brands? By studying this area in a brand perspective, we want to bring out the structures that exist around the ‘professional female musician’ in the heavy metal genre. We also want to see how this might enable or limit their brands and also how other industry professionals manage and experience their brands To answer our question, we chose to conduct interviews with six female musicians and four industry professionals in form of managers, booking agents and record labels. These interviews were able to give us a deeper understanding of how these believed structures work or if they even exist at all in the Swedish heavy metal scene. We identified five areas that would help us answer our research question; How female musicians brands are presented and experienced by others in the Swedish heavy metal scene? These areas were gender identity, brands, industry, ideals and power structures between the genders in general but also more specific for the heavy metal scene. We also presented previous research in the area of gender and heavy metal but also in the area of gender and brands, this was to see if any structures had been discovered previous to our study. In our study we found that many of the prevailing structures were reproduced in the branding of the female musicians. There were large gaps in the knowledge and awareness from the industry professionals working wit

Musik finns i alla kulturer och berör oss alla på olika sätt. Syftet med denna uppsats är att söka en djupare förståelse för vad en musikgenre kan betyda för elever. Studien går ut på att undersöka hur elever använder musiken för att klara av sin vardag både vad gäller skola och fritid. Det har i utredningar visats att musik är viktig för inlärning av kärnämnen. I mitt arbete som musiklärare har jag fått höra från elever att de inte skulle komma till skolan om det inte var för musikämnena. Det är musiken som gör skolan intressant och som gör att de orkar delta även i andra ämnen. Läraren är viktig för elevernas utbildning. En modern lärare använder sig av relationellt lärande. Metoden går ut på att läraren skapar en relation där eleven ges förtroende och stort utrymme i undervisningen. I relationen måste läraren släppa på sin auktoritet och en kamp kan då uppstå mellan lärare och elev, vilket kräver både kunskap och mod av läraren., Music exists in all cultures and affects us all in different ways. The purpose of this study is to seek a deeper understanding of what a genre of music can mean to students. The study is to investigate how students use music to cope with their daily lives both in school and leisure. Investigations have shown that music is important to the learning of main subjects. In my job as a music teacher I have learnt from students that they would not come to school if it was not for the music subjects. It's the music that makes the school attractive and enables them to have the energy to participate in other subjects. The teacher is important for the students' education. A modern teacher uses ”relational learning”. The approach is that the teacher creates a relationship where students are given freedom and space in class. In the relationship with the student the teacher must let go of his authority and a struggle can then occur between teacher and student, which requires both the knowledge and the courage of the teacher.

Through questionnaires answered by the institutions and through searches on their various websites, an image is developing that shows that subcultures are not always given room in the cultural heritage sphere. Even though the Gothenburg sound plays a big part within the metal world, and despite the fact that it has given Gothenburg international recognition within the metal community, it remains more or less invisible in Gothenburg’s institutionalized world, both as a subculture and as a cultural heritage. With this essay, we are trying to create a perspective where an eventual explanation for this absence can be given, and where we can raise and problematize these questions. We are trying to illustrate the dominance of the mainstream society compared to subcultures, but also the institutions influence in what qualifies as a cultural heritage. We want to gain an understanding if the Gothenburg sound can be seen as a cultural heritage and if the genre should be made more visible within the institutions. In the end though, the question remain whether it would benefit the subculture to be made visible in the mainstream arena as they through such an uplifting also risk to lose their subcultural identity.

Through questionnaires answered by the institutions and through searches on their various websites, an image is developing that shows that subcultures are not always given room in the cultural heritage sphere. Even though the Gothenburg sound plays a big part within the metal world, and despite the fact that it has given Gothenburg international recognition within the metal community, it remains more or less invisible in Gothenburg’s institutionalized world, both as a subculture and as a cultural heritage. With this essay, we are trying to create a perspective where an eventual explanation for this absence can be given, and where we can raise and problematize these questions. We are trying to illustrate the dominance of the mainstream society compared to subcultures, but also the institutions influence in what qualifies as a cultural heritage. We want to gain an understanding if the Gothenburg sound can be seen as a cultural heritage and if the genre should be made more visible within the institutions. In the end though, the question remain whether it would benefit the subculture to be made visible in the mainstream arena as they through such an uplifting also risk to lose their subcultural identity.

Musik finns i alla kulturer och berör oss alla på olika sätt. Syftet med denna uppsats är att söka en djupare förståelse för vad en musikgenre kan betyda för elever. Studien går ut på att undersöka hur elever använder musiken för att klara av sin vardag både vad gäller skola och fritid. Det har i utredningar visats att musik är viktig för inlärning av kärnämnen. I mitt arbete som musiklärare har jag fått höra från elever att de inte skulle komma till skolan om det inte var för musikämnena. Det är musiken som gör skolan intressant och som gör att de orkar delta även i andra ämnen. Läraren är viktig för elevernas utbildning. En modern lärare använder sig av relationellt lärande. Metoden går ut på att läraren skapar en relation där eleven ges förtroende och stort utrymme i undervisningen. I relationen måste läraren släppa på sin auktoritet och en kamp kan då uppstå mellan lärare och elev, vilket kräver både kunskap och mod av läraren., Music exists in all cultures and affects us all in different ways. The purpose of this study is to seek a deeper understanding of what a genre of music can mean to students. The study is to investigate how students use music to cope with their daily lives both in school and leisure. Investigations have shown that music is important to the learning of main subjects. In my job as a music teacher I have learnt from students that they would not come to school if it was not for the music subjects. It's the music that makes the school attractive and enables them to have the energy to participate in other subjects. The teacher is important for the students' education. A modern teacher uses ”relational learning”. The approach is that the teacher creates a relationship where students are given freedom and space in class. In the relationship with the student the teacher must let go of his authority and a struggle can then occur between teacher and student, which requires both the knowledge and the courage of the teacher.

The seismic reflection method has been used extensively in mineral exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments. In this research the seismic reflection method has been used and studied to address problems associated with hardrock settings. Papers I and II, address delineating and imaging a sulfide ore body and its surrounding rocks and structures in Garpenberg, central Sweden, at an active mine. 3D ray-tracing and finite-difference modeling were performed and the results suggest that although the detection of the ore body by the seismic reflection method is possible in the area, the presence of backfilled stopes in the mine makes seismic imaging of it difficult. In paper III the deeper structures of the Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden were revealed down to about 8 km through 2D seismic reflection profiling. The resulting images were interpreted using microearthquake data as a constraint. Based on the interpretation, some locations were suggested for future scientific deep drilling into the fault system. In paper IV, the seismic signature of complex geological structures of the Cue-Weld Range area in Western Australia was studied using a portion of a deep 2D seismic reflection profile. The pronounced reflections on the seismic images were correlated to their corresponding rock units on an available surface geological map of the study area. 3D constant velocity ray-tracing was performed to constrain the interpretation. Furthermore, the proposed structural model was tested using a 2D acoustic finite-difference seismic modeling method. Based on this study, a new 3D structural model was proposed for the subsurface of the area. These studies have investigated the capability of the seismic reflection method for imaging crustal structures within challenging hardrock and complex geological settings and show some its potential, but also its limitations.

The seismic reflection method has been used extensively in mineral exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments. In this research the seismic reflection method has been used and studied to address problems associated with hardrock settings. Papers I and II, address delineating and imaging a sulfide ore body and its surrounding rocks and structures in Garpenberg, central Sweden, at an active mine. 3D ray-tracing and finite-difference modeling were performed and the results suggest that although the detection of the ore body by the seismic reflection method is possible in the area, the presence of backfilled stopes in the mine makes seismic imaging of it difficult. In paper III the deeper structures of the Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden were revealed down to about 8 km through 2D seismic reflection profiling. The resulting images were interpreted using microearthquake data as a constraint. Based on the interpretation, some locations were suggested for future scientific deep drilling into the fault system. In paper IV, the seismic signature of complex geological structures of the Cue-Weld Range area in Western Australia was studied using a portion of a deep 2D seismic reflection profile. The pronounced reflections on the seismic images were correlated to their corresponding rock units on an available surface geological map of the study area. 3D constant velocity ray-tracing was performed to constrain the interpretation. Furthermore, the proposed structural model was tested using a 2D acoustic finite-difference seismic modeling method. Based on this study, a new 3D structural model was proposed for the subsurface of the area. These studies have investigated the capability of the seismic reflection method for imaging crustal structures within challenging hardrock and complex geological settings and show some its potential, but also its limitations.

Der Koralmtunnel ist das zentrale Bauwerk der sich aktuell im Bau befindlichen Koralmbahn. Die Koralmbahn ist die 130km lange, zweigleisige Hochleistungsverbindung zwischen den österreichischen Landeshauptstädten Klagenfurt und Graz. Der Koralmtunnel liegt zwischen den Ortschaften Deutschlandsberg (Steiermark) und St. Andrä (Kärnten), mit einer Länge von 32,8 km und einer maximalen Überdeckung von 1,250m. "KAT2" ist das Hauptbaulos des Koralmtunnels. Mittels zwei Tunnelbohrmaschinen (Durchmesser 9,90m) wird über eine geplante Länge von 17km parallel vorgetrieben. Die beiden baugleichen TBMs agieren unter vergleichbaren geologischen und geotechnischen Randbedingungen. Die Projektorganisation für die beiden Vortriebe ist ident. Dieser Umstand erlaubt es, einen aussagekräftigen Vergleich zwischen den Vortrieben durchzuführen. Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist der Vergleich der beiden Tunnel Vortriebe nach Gesichtspunkten der Vortriebsleistung über repräsentative Strecken entlang des KAT2 Bauloses. Diese Masterarbeit beinhaltet eine Übersicht der geologischen und geotechnischen Einflussfaktoren auf einen kontinuierlichen Tunnelvortrieb. Die Informationen aus der geotechnischen Prognose werden verwendet um Gebirgsverhältnisse und Gebirgsverhalten zu beschreiben. Die in der Richtlinie für die geotechnische Planung von Untertagebauten mit kontinuierlichem Vortrieb getroffenen Definitionen und Klassifizierungen sind beschrieben, mit Hinweis auf deren Anwendung im Baulos KAT2. Die Arbeitet beinhaltet eine Zusammenfassung der ÖNORM B2203-2 in Hinblick auf ihre Anwendung in der ÖGG Richtlinie und den KAT2 Projektunterlagen. Im allgemeinen Teil der Masterarbeit wird vertiefend auf Tunnelbohrmaschinen im Festgestein, Schneide- und Lösewerkzeuge, sowie auf angewandte Methoden etc. eingegangen. Der Schwerpunkt der Masterarbeit zielt auf einen Vergleich der Vortriebsleistungen der beiden Maschinen, basierend auf aktuellen Werten aus dem Vortriebsprozess. Die verschiedenen Informatio, The Austrian Railway Company (OeBB) is establishing a modern highspeed railway connection between the Austrian county-capitals Klagenfurt and Graz with a total length of 130km. Part of the Koralm Railway is the Koralmtunnel between the Styrian city Deutschlandsberg and the Corinthian city St.Andrä. The Koralmtunnel can be considered as the core part of the connection. The tunnel is subdivided into three projects. This thesis focuses on the "KAT2" project. About 17km were realized by two double shield tunnel boring machines in parallel heading mode. Both machines are built equally and have a cross sectional diameter of 9.90m. The two TBMs are operating under similar geological and geotechnical conditions. The general circumstances and organizational structure on site are equal for both tunneling operations. This fact allows carrying out an explicit comparison of the performance of the two TBMs. The target of this thesis is to compare the performance parameters of the two TBMs along selected longitudinal sections of the KAT2 project. This thesis provides an overview of decisive geological and geotechnical fundamentals to a continuous tunneling operation. The in the geological forecast for the KAT2 project provided conditions and rock mass behaviors, are described and analyzed. The definitions and classifications for geological and geotechnical parameters stated in the Guideline for the Geotechnical Design of Underground Structures with Continuous Excavation are described and illustrate in which way they are applied to the KAT2 project. The thesis summarizes the Austrian engineering standard OeN B2203-2 and illustrates its compliance with the OeGG guidline and project documents. The thesis also includes information on hardrock tunnel boring machines, cutting tools, standard and special methods for TBM operations. The focus of this thesis lies in the comparison of the performance rates of the two applied TBMs. In order to receive these rates, a performance analysis base, Christoph Ehrensberger, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Innsbruck, Univ., Master-Arb., 2015

The seismic reflection method has been used extensively in mineral exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments. In this research the seismic reflection method has been used and studied to address problems associated with hardrock settings. Papers I and II, address delineating and imaging a sulfide ore body and its surrounding rocks and structures in Garpenberg, central Sweden, at an active mine. 3D ray-tracing and finite-difference modeling were performed and the results suggest that although the detection of the ore body by the seismic reflection method is possible in the area, the presence of backfilled stopes in the mine makes seismic imaging of it difficult. In paper III the deeper structures of the Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden were revealed down to about 8 km through 2D seismic reflection profiling. The resulting images were interpreted using microearthquake data as a constraint. Based on the interpretation, some locations were suggested for future scientific deep drilling into the fault system. In paper IV, the seismic signature of complex geological structures of the Cue-Weld Range area in Western Australia was studied using a portion of a deep 2D seismic reflection profile. The pronounced reflections on the seismic images were correlated to their corresponding rock units on an available surface geological map of the study area. 3D constant velocity ray-tracing was performed to constrain the interpretation. Furthermore, the proposed structural model was tested using a 2D acoustic finite-difference seismic modeling method. Based on this study, a new 3D structural model was proposed for the subsurface of the area. These studies have investigated the capability of the seismic reflection method for imaging crustal structures within challenging hardrock and complex geological settings and show some its potential, but also its limitations.

Der Koralmtunnel ist das zentrale Bauwerk der sich aktuell im Bau befindlichen Koralmbahn. Die Koralmbahn ist die 130km lange, zweigleisige Hochleistungsverbindung zwischen den österreichischen Landeshauptstädten Klagenfurt und Graz. Der Koralmtunnel liegt zwischen den Ortschaften Deutschlandsberg (Steiermark) und St. Andrä (Kärnten), mit einer Länge von 32,8 km und einer maximalen Überdeckung von 1,250m. "KAT2" ist das Hauptbaulos des Koralmtunnels. Mittels zwei Tunnelbohrmaschinen (Durchmesser 9,90m) wird über eine geplante Länge von 17km parallel vorgetrieben. Die beiden baugleichen TBMs agieren unter vergleichbaren geologischen und geotechnischen Randbedingungen. Die Projektorganisation für die beiden Vortriebe ist ident. Dieser Umstand erlaubt es, einen aussagekräftigen Vergleich zwischen den Vortrieben durchzuführen. Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist der Vergleich der beiden Tunnel Vortriebe nach Gesichtspunkten der Vortriebsleistung über repräsentative Strecken entlang des KAT2 Bauloses. Diese Masterarbeit beinhaltet eine Übersicht der geologischen und geotechnischen Einflussfaktoren auf einen kontinuierlichen Tunnelvortrieb. Die Informationen aus der geotechnischen Prognose werden verwendet um Gebirgsverhältnisse und Gebirgsverhalten zu beschreiben. Die in der Richtlinie für die geotechnische Planung von Untertagebauten mit kontinuierlichem Vortrieb getroffenen Definitionen und Klassifizierungen sind beschrieben, mit Hinweis auf deren Anwendung im Baulos KAT2. Die Arbeitet beinhaltet eine Zusammenfassung der ÖNORM B2203-2 in Hinblick auf ihre Anwendung in der ÖGG Richtlinie und den KAT2 Projektunterlagen. Im allgemeinen Teil der Masterarbeit wird vertiefend auf Tunnelbohrmaschinen im Festgestein, Schneide- und Lösewerkzeuge, sowie auf angewandte Methoden etc. eingegangen. Der Schwerpunkt der Masterarbeit zielt auf einen Vergleich der Vortriebsleistungen der beiden Maschinen, basierend auf aktuellen Werten aus dem Vortriebsprozess. Die verschiedenen Informatio, The Austrian Railway Company (OeBB) is establishing a modern highspeed railway connection between the Austrian county-capitals Klagenfurt and Graz with a total length of 130km. Part of the Koralm Railway is the Koralmtunnel between the Styrian city Deutschlandsberg and the Corinthian city St.Andrä. The Koralmtunnel can be considered as the core part of the connection. The tunnel is subdivided into three projects. This thesis focuses on the "KAT2" project. About 17km were realized by two double shield tunnel boring machines in parallel heading mode. Both machines are built equally and have a cross sectional diameter of 9.90m. The two TBMs are operating under similar geological and geotechnical conditions. The general circumstances and organizational structure on site are equal for both tunneling operations. This fact allows carrying out an explicit comparison of the performance of the two TBMs. The target of this thesis is to compare the performance parameters of the two TBMs along selected longitudinal sections of the KAT2 project. This thesis provides an overview of decisive geological and geotechnical fundamentals to a continuous tunneling operation. The in the geological forecast for the KAT2 project provided conditions and rock mass behaviors, are described and analyzed. The definitions and classifications for geological and geotechnical parameters stated in the Guideline for the Geotechnical Design of Underground Structures with Continuous Excavation are described and illustrate in which way they are applied to the KAT2 project. The thesis summarizes the Austrian engineering standard OeN B2203-2 and illustrates its compliance with the OeGG guidline and project documents. The thesis also includes information on hardrock tunnel boring machines, cutting tools, standard and special methods for TBM operations. The focus of this thesis lies in the comparison of the performance rates of the two applied TBMs. In order to receive these rates, a performance analysis base, Christoph Ehrensberger, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Innsbruck, Univ., Master-Arb., 2015

The seismic reflection method has been used extensively in mineral exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments. In this research the seismic reflection method has been used and studied to address problems associated with hardrock settings. Papers I and II, address delineating and imaging a sulfide ore body and its surrounding rocks and structures in Garpenberg, central Sweden, at an active mine. 3D ray-tracing and finite-difference modeling were performed and the results suggest that although the detection of the ore body by the seismic reflection method is possible in the area, the presence of backfilled stopes in the mine makes seismic imaging of it difficult. In paper III the deeper structures of the Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden were revealed down to about 8 km through 2D seismic reflection profiling. The resulting images were interpreted using microearthquake data as a constraint. Based on the interpretation, some locations were suggested for future scientific deep drilling into the fault system. In paper IV, the seismic signature of complex geological structures of the Cue-Weld Range area in Western Australia was studied using a portion of a deep 2D seismic reflection profile. The pronounced reflections on the seismic images were correlated to their corresponding rock units on an available surface geological map of the study area. 3D constant velocity ray-tracing was performed to constrain the interpretation. Furthermore, the proposed structural model was tested using a 2D acoustic finite-difference seismic modeling method. Based on this study, a new 3D structural model was proposed for the subsurface of the area. These studies have investigated the capability of the seismic reflection method for imaging crustal structures within challenging hardrock and complex geological settings and show some its potential, but also its limitations.

The seismic reflection method has been used extensively in mineral exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments. In this research the seismic reflection method has been used and studied to address problems associated with hardrock settings. Papers I and II, address delineating and imaging a sulfide ore body and its surrounding rocks and structures in Garpenberg, central Sweden, at an active mine. 3D ray-tracing and finite-difference modeling were performed and the results suggest that although the detection of the ore body by the seismic reflection method is possible in the area, the presence of backfilled stopes in the mine makes seismic imaging of it difficult. In paper III the deeper structures of the Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden were revealed down to about 8 km through 2D seismic reflection profiling. The resulting images were interpreted using microearthquake data as a constraint. Based on the interpretation, some locations were suggested for future scientific deep drilling into the fault system. In paper IV, the seismic signature of complex geological structures of the Cue-Weld Range area in Western Australia was studied using a portion of a deep 2D seismic reflection profile. The pronounced reflections on the seismic images were correlated to their corresponding rock units on an available surface geological map of the study area. 3D constant velocity ray-tracing was performed to constrain the interpretation. Furthermore, the proposed structural model was tested using a 2D acoustic finite-difference seismic modeling method. Based on this study, a new 3D structural model was proposed for the subsurface of the area. These studies have investigated the capability of the seismic reflection method for imaging crustal structures within challenging hardrock and complex geological settings and show some its potential, but also its limitations.

Detta examensarbete handlar om hårdrockssångares medvetenhet när det gäller sångteknik. Syftet med arbetet är att få kunskap om vilka tillvägagångssätt de har använt sig av när de skapat sitt sound och hittat sin teknik. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien är det sociokulturella perspektivet. Tidigare forskning inom området behandlar traditionell röstlära, mer moderna sångskolor och socialkulturella normer gällande inlärning. Jag har använt mig av den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun som metod och mina informanter är verksamma inom området. Resultatet visar att hårdrockssångare är väl medvetna om traditionell röstlära, nya rön och vikten av att vårda sin röst. Diskussionen belyser att förebilder är viktiga för framgång., This is a study about heavy rock singer´s awareness of vocal techniques. The intention of the study is to achieve knowledge of which approach they have used to create and find their own technique. The theoretical point of the study is the sociocultural theory. Earlier studies on the subject are about the traditional voice teachings, modern voice schools and the sociocultural behaviour according to the learning process. I have used qualitative interviews, and my informants are professional heavy rock singers. The result shows that heavy rock singers are well aware of traditional voice teachings, new findings and the importance of taking care of the voice. The discussion enlightens that idols and role models are important in term of success.

Validerat; 20140603 (global_studentproject_submitter)

Detta examensarbete handlar om hårdrockssångares medvetenhet när det gäller sångteknik. Syftet med arbetet är att få kunskap om vilka tillvägagångssätt de har använt sig av när de skapat sitt sound och hittat sin teknik. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien är det sociokulturella perspektivet. Tidigare forskning inom området behandlar traditionell röstlära, mer moderna sångskolor och socialkulturella normer gällande inlärning. Jag har använt mig av den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun som metod och mina informanter är verksamma inom området. Resultatet visar att hårdrockssångare är väl medvetna om traditionell röstlära, nya rön och vikten av att vårda sin röst. Diskussionen belyser att förebilder är viktiga för framgång., This is a study about heavy rock singer´s awareness of vocal techniques. The intention of the study is to achieve knowledge of which approach they have used to create and find their own technique. The theoretical point of the study is the sociocultural theory. Earlier studies on the subject are about the traditional voice teachings, modern voice schools and the sociocultural behaviour according to the learning process. I have used qualitative interviews, and my informants are professional heavy rock singers. The result shows that heavy rock singers are well aware of traditional voice teachings, new findings and the importance of taking care of the voice. The discussion enlightens that idols and role models are important in term of success.

Uppsatsen handlar om hur religion kan användas samt komma till uttryck i hårdrockstexter. Undersökningen har skett genom analys av åtta olika låttexter, som belyser olika aspekter av religionen. Analysen tog fasta på texternas religiösa budskap, användandet av eventuella religiösa metaforer samt hur texterna kan ses som en del av en religiös mångfald. Metoden som har använts är en kvalitativ textanalys med en hermeneutisk utgångspunkt. Som teori valdes Rodney Starks ”fortlevnadsteori” som utgår från den ”rational choice”-teoretiska modellen. Resultatet av undersökningen visade på en stor bredd av budskap. I ett av fallen kunde en vädjan om att börja tro på Gud uttydas, i två andra fanns en underton av varning för destruktiva sekter, två av texterna kritiserade kristendomen utifrån två olika aspekter och slutligen fanns två texter med ett direkt sataniskt och individualistiskt budskap. Direkta religiösa metaforer förekom endast i två texter. Vad gäller den religiösa mångfalden kunde man konstatera att texterna i flera fall kan vara ett uttryck för detta. Detta gäller inte minst i en tid då privatreligiositet sakta utkonkurrerar den organiserade, traditionella religionen och med tanke på de närmast religiösa känslor som musiken kan väcka hos lyssnaren. Detta förklaras genom att tron finner nya sätt att nå ut till människor, vilket även är relaterat till hur samhällsmönstret förändras.

Uppsatsen handlar om hur religion kan användas samt komma till uttryck i hårdrockstexter. Undersökningen har skett genom analys av åtta olika låttexter, som belyser olika aspekter av religionen. Analysen tog fasta på texternas religiösa budskap, användandet av eventuella religiösa metaforer samt hur texterna kan ses som en del av en religiös mångfald. Metoden som har använts är en kvalitativ textanalys med en hermeneutisk utgångspunkt. Som teori valdes Rodney Starks ”fortlevnadsteori” som utgår från den ”rational choice”-teoretiska modellen. Resultatet av undersökningen visade på en stor bredd av budskap. I ett av fallen kunde en vädjan om att börja tro på Gud uttydas, i två andra fanns en underton av varning för destruktiva sekter, två av texterna kritiserade kristendomen utifrån två olika aspekter och slutligen fanns två texter med ett direkt sataniskt och individualistiskt budskap. Direkta religiösa metaforer förekom endast i två texter. Vad gäller den religiösa mångfalden kunde man konstatera att texterna i flera fall kan vara ett uttryck för detta. Detta gäller inte minst i en tid då privatreligiositet sakta utkonkurrerar den organiserade, traditionella religionen och med tanke på de närmast religiösa känslor som musiken kan väcka hos lyssnaren. Detta förklaras genom att tron finner nya sätt att nå ut till människor, vilket även är relaterat till hur samhällsmönstret förändras.

Vårt examensarbete handlar om hur man går till väga för att arrangera och göra en liveshow med tv-spelsmusik i hårdrocksstil. Med detta menas att vi arrangerade om och bearbetade tv- spelsmusiken för att passa sättningen i bandet som var keyboard, elgitarr, elbas och trummor. Konserten marknadsfördes och ett koncept har skapats kring bandet. Forskning kring rättigheter till tv-spelsmusik har gjorts för att få klarhet inom ämnet. Vårt mål under projektet har varit att utveckla oss själva inom arrangering, utveckla en liveshow och kunna ta ett steg på vägen för kunna lösa rättighetsfrågan angående tv-spelsmusik. Konserten genomfördes med ett mycket bra resultat där publiken verkade vara nöjda.Vårt examensarbete handlar om hur man går till väga för att arrangera och göra en liveshow med tv-spelsmusik i hårdrocksstil. Med detta menas att vi arrangerade om och bearbetade tv- spelsmusiken för att passa sättningen i bandet som var keyboard, elgitarr, elbas och trummor. Konserten marknadsfördes och ett koncept har skapats kring bandet. Forskning kring rättigheter till tv-spelsmusik har gjorts för att få klarhet inom ämnet. Vårt mål under projektet har varit att utveckla oss själva inom arrangering, utveckla en liveshow och kunna ta ett steg på vägen för kunna lösa rättighetsfrågan angående tv-spelsmusik. Konserten genomfördes med ett mycket bra resultat där publiken verkade vara nöjda.

Av analysen kan Michelle sammanfatta att om hon skulle starta en kvartett i framtiden för till exempel lansering skulle hon ha en kvartett redan färdig och redo för repetition innan start av liknande projekt. Momentet att hitta potentiella medlemmar till stråkkvartetten på så kort tid är orimligt och även om hon hittade medlemmar till kvartetten så skulle det inte hålla i längden. Efter att Michelle fått erfarenhet av personer som inte hållit de muntliga avtal som faktiskt gjordes kommer hon lägga mer tid på att finna rätt personer. Dessutom hade alla de punkter angående mål, promotion och avtal diskuteras med kvartetten detaljerat för att allihop ska få en likvärdig respekt och förståelse i det samarbete som komma skall. Inget bör vara otydligt. Hon kan också sammanfatta att om arrangerande av sådan typ av musik som inte är anpassat för stråkkvartetter, också kräver omsorg. Då detta tillfälle dyker upp nästa gång kommer hon att ha genomgått denna process tidigt under arbetets gång för att det ska finnas tid över att kunna gå tillbaka i arrangemangen för reflektion.Av analysen kan Michelle sammanfatta att om hon skulle starta en kvartett i framtiden för till exempel lansering skulle hon ha en kvartett redan färdig och redo för repetition innan start av liknande projekt. Momentet att hitta potentiella medlemmar till stråkkvartetten på så kort tid är orimligt och även om hon hittade medlemmar till kvartetten så skulle det inte hålla i längden. Efter att Michelle fått erfarenhet av personer som inte hållit de muntliga avtal som faktiskt gjordes kommer hon lägga mer tid på att finna rätt personer. Dessutom hade alla de punkter angående mål, promotion och avtal diskuteras med kvartetten detaljerat för att allihop ska få en likvärdig respekt och förståelse i det samarbete som komma skall. Inget bör vara otydligt. Hon kan också sammanfatta att om arrangerande av sådan typ av musik som inte är anpassat för stråkkvartetter, också kräver omsorg. Då detta tillfälle dyker upp

Av analysen kan Michelle sammanfatta att om hon skulle starta en kvartett i framtiden för till exempel lansering skulle hon ha en kvartett redan färdig och redo för repetition innan start av liknande projekt. Momentet att hitta potentiella medlemmar till stråkkvartetten på så kort tid är orimligt och även om hon hittade medlemmar till kvartetten så skulle det inte hålla i längden. Efter att Michelle fått erfarenhet av personer som inte hållit de muntliga avtal som faktiskt gjordes kommer hon lägga mer tid på att finna rätt personer. Dessutom hade alla de punkter angående mål, promotion och avtal diskuteras med kvartetten detaljerat för att allihop ska få en likvärdig respekt och förståelse i det samarbete som komma skall. Inget bör vara otydligt. Hon kan också sammanfatta att om arrangerande av sådan typ av musik som inte är anpassat för stråkkvartetter, också kräver omsorg. Då detta tillfälle dyker upp nästa gång kommer hon att ha genomgått denna process tidigt under arbetets gång för att det ska finnas tid över att kunna gå tillbaka i arrangemangen för reflektion.Av analysen kan Michelle sammanfatta att om hon skulle starta en kvartett i framtiden för till exempel lansering skulle hon ha en kvartett redan färdig och redo för repetition innan start av liknande projekt. Momentet att hitta potentiella medlemmar till stråkkvartetten på så kort tid är orimligt och även om hon hittade medlemmar till kvartetten så skulle det inte hålla i längden. Efter att Michelle fått erfarenhet av personer som inte hållit de muntliga avtal som faktiskt gjordes kommer hon lägga mer tid på att finna rätt personer. Dessutom hade alla de punkter angående mål, promotion och avtal diskuteras med kvartetten detaljerat för att allihop ska få en likvärdig respekt och förståelse i det samarbete som komma skall. Inget bör vara otydligt. Hon kan också sammanfatta att om arrangerande av sådan typ av musik som inte är anpassat för stråkkvartetter, också kräver omsorg. Då detta tillfälle dyker upp

Vårt examensarbete handlar om hur man går till väga för att arrangera och göra en liveshow med tv-spelsmusik i hårdrocksstil. Med detta menas att vi arrangerade om och bearbetade tv- spelsmusiken för att passa sättningen i bandet som var keyboard, elgitarr, elbas och trummor. Konserten marknadsfördes och ett koncept har skapats kring bandet. Forskning kring rättigheter till tv-spelsmusik har gjorts för att få klarhet inom ämnet. Vårt mål under projektet har varit att utveckla oss själva inom arrangering, utveckla en liveshow och kunna ta ett steg på vägen för kunna lösa rättighetsfrågan angående tv-spelsmusik. Konserten genomfördes med ett mycket bra resultat där publiken verkade vara nöjda.Vårt examensarbete handlar om hur man går till väga för att arrangera och göra en liveshow med tv-spelsmusik i hårdrocksstil. Med detta menas att vi arrangerade om och bearbetade tv- spelsmusiken för att passa sättningen i bandet som var keyboard, elgitarr, elbas och trummor. Konserten marknadsfördes och ett koncept har skapats kring bandet. Forskning kring rättigheter till tv-spelsmusik har gjorts för att få klarhet inom ämnet. Vårt mål under projektet har varit att utveckla oss själva inom arrangering, utveckla en liveshow och kunna ta ett steg på vägen för kunna lösa rättighetsfrågan angående tv-spelsmusik. Konserten genomfördes med ett mycket bra resultat där publiken verkade vara nöjda.

With the advancements in acquisition and processing of seismic reflection data recorded over crystalline rocks, building three-dimensional geologic models becomes increasingly favorable. Because of little available petrophysical data, interpretations of seismic reflection data in hardrock terrains are often speculative. Potential field data modeling are sometimes performed in order to reduce the ambiguity of seismic reflection interpretations. The Kristineberg mining area in the western part of the Paleoproterozoic Skellefte Ore District was chosen to construct a pilot three-dimensional geologic model in an attempt to understand the crustal architecture in the region and how the major mineral systems operated in this architecture. To contribute to this aim, two parallel seismic reflection profiles were acquired in 2003 and processed to 20 sec with special attention to the top 4 sec of data. Several reflections were imaged and interpreted by the aid of reflector modeling, borehole data, 2.5D and 3D potential field modeling, and geological observations. Interpretations are informative at the crustal scale and help to construct a three-dimensional geologic model of the Kristineberg mining area. The three-dimensional geologic model covers an area of 30×30 km2 down to a depth of 12 km. The integrations help to interpret a structural basement to the Skellefte volcanic rocks, possibly with Bothnian Basin metasedimentary affinity. The contact is a shear-zone that separates the two units, generating large fold structures, which can be observed in the region. The interpretations help to divide the Revsund granitic rocks into two major groups based on their present shape and thickness. A large gravity low in the south is best represented by the intrusion of thick dome of Revsund granite. In the north, the low-gravity corresponds to the intrusion of sheet-like Revsund granites. In general, the structure associated with the Skellefte volcanics and the overlying metasedimentary r

With the advancements in acquisition and processing of seismic reflection data recorded over crystalline rocks, building three-dimensional geologic models becomes increasingly favorable. Because of little available petrophysical data, interpretations of seismic reflection data in hardrock terrains are often speculative. Potential field data modeling are sometimes performed in order to reduce the ambiguity of seismic reflection interpretations. The Kristineberg mining area in the western part of the Paleoproterozoic Skellefte Ore District was chosen to construct a pilot three-dimensional geologic model in an attempt to understand the crustal architecture in the region and how the major mineral systems operated in this architecture. To contribute to this aim, two parallel seismic reflection profiles were acquired in 2003 and processed to 20 sec with special attention to the top 4 sec of data. Several reflections were imaged and interpreted by the aid of reflector modeling, borehole data, 2.5D and 3D potential field modeling, and geological observations. Interpretations are informative at the crustal scale and help to construct a three-dimensional geologic model of the Kristineberg mining area. The three-dimensional geologic model covers an area of 30×30 km2 down to a depth of 12 km. The integrations help to interpret a structural basement to the Skellefte volcanic rocks, possibly with Bothnian Basin metasedimentary affinity. The contact is a shear-zone that separates the two units, generating large fold structures, which can be observed in the region. The interpretations help to divide the Revsund granitic rocks into two major groups based on their present shape and thickness. A large gravity low in the south is best represented by the intrusion of thick dome of Revsund granite. In the north, the low-gravity corresponds to the intrusion of sheet-like Revsund granites. In general, the structure associated with the Skellefte volcanics and the overlying metasedimentary r