Search

Context: As the diversity and complexity of regulations affecting Software-Intensive Products and Services (SIPS) is increasing, software engineers need to address the growing regulatory scrutiny. We argue that, as with any other non-negotiable requirements, SIPS compliance should be addressed early in SIPS engineering—i.e., during requirements engineering (RE). Objectives: In the conditions of the expanding regulatory landscape, existing research offers scattered insights into regulatory compliance of SIPS. This study addresses the pressing need for a structured overview of the state of the art in software RE and its contribution to regulatory compliance of SIPS. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study to provide an overview of the current state of research regarding challenges, principles, and practices for regulatory compliance of SIPS related to RE. We focused on the role of RE and its contribution to other SIPS lifecycle process areas. We retrieved 6914 studies published from 2017 (January 1) until 2023 (December 31) from four academic databases, which we filtered down to 280 relevant primary studies. Results: We identified and categorized the RE-related challenges in regulatory compliance of SIPS and their potential connection to six types of principles and practices addressing challenges. We found that about 13.6% of the primary studies considered the involvement of both software engineers and legal experts in developing principles and practices. About 20.7% of primary studies considered RE in connection to other process areas. Most primary studies focused on a few popular regulation fields (privacy, quality) and application domains (healthcare, software development, avionics). Our results suggest that there can be differences in terms of challenges and involvement of stakeholders across different fields of regulation. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for an in-depth investigation of stakeholders’ roles, relationships between process areas

Context: As the diversity and complexity of regulations affecting Software-Intensive Products and Services (SIPS) is increasing, software engineers need to address the growing regulatory scrutiny. We argue that, as with any other non-negotiable requirements, SIPS compliance should be addressed early in SIPS engineering—i.e., during requirements engineering (RE). Objectives: In the conditions of the expanding regulatory landscape, existing research offers scattered insights into regulatory compliance of SIPS. This study addresses the pressing need for a structured overview of the state of the art in software RE and its contribution to regulatory compliance of SIPS. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study to provide an overview of the current state of research regarding challenges, principles, and practices for regulatory compliance of SIPS related to RE. We focused on the role of RE and its contribution to other SIPS lifecycle process areas. We retrieved 6914 studies published from 2017 (January 1) until 2023 (December 31) from four academic databases, which we filtered down to 280 relevant primary studies. Results: We identified and categorized the RE-related challenges in regulatory compliance of SIPS and their potential connection to six types of principles and practices addressing challenges. We found that about 13.6% of the primary studies considered the involvement of both software engineers and legal experts in developing principles and practices. About 20.7% of primary studies considered RE in connection to other process areas. Most primary studies focused on a few popular regulation fields (privacy, quality) and application domains (healthcare, software development, avionics). Our results suggest that there can be differences in terms of challenges and involvement of stakeholders across different fields of regulation. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for an in-depth investigation of stakeholders’ roles, relationships between process areas

Context: The research volume is continuously increasing. Manual analysis of large topic scopes and continuously updating literature studies with the newest research results is effort intensive and, therefore, difficult to achieve. Objective: To discuss possibilities and next steps for using LLMs (e.g., GPT-4) in the mapping study process. Method: The research can be classified as a solution proposal. The solution was iteratively designed and discussed among the authors based on their experience with LLMs and literature reviews. Results: We propose strategies for the mapping process, outlining the use of agents and prompting strategies for each step. Conclusion: Given the potential of LLMs in literature studies, we should work on a holistic solutions for LLM-supported mapping studies.

Context: As the diversity and complexity of regulations affecting Software-Intensive Products and Services (SIPS) is increasing, software engineers need to address the growing regulatory scrutiny. We argue that, as with any other non-negotiable requirements, SIPS compliance should be addressed early in SIPS engineering—i.e., during requirements engineering (RE). Objectives: In the conditions of the expanding regulatory landscape, existing research offers scattered insights into regulatory compliance of SIPS. This study addresses the pressing need for a structured overview of the state of the art in software RE and its contribution to regulatory compliance of SIPS. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study to provide an overview of the current state of research regarding challenges, principles, and practices for regulatory compliance of SIPS related to RE. We focused on the role of RE and its contribution to other SIPS lifecycle process areas. We retrieved 6914 studies published from 2017 (January 1) until 2023 (December 31) from four academic databases, which we filtered down to 280 relevant primary studies. Results: We identified and categorized the RE-related challenges in regulatory compliance of SIPS and their potential connection to six types of principles and practices addressing challenges. We found that about 13.6% of the primary studies considered the involvement of both software engineers and legal experts in developing principles and practices. About 20.7% of primary studies considered RE in connection to other process areas. Most primary studies focused on a few popular regulation fields (privacy, quality) and application domains (healthcare, software development, avionics). Our results suggest that there can be differences in terms of challenges and involvement of stakeholders across different fields of regulation. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for an in-depth investigation of stakeholders’ roles, relationships between process areas

Context: The research volume is continuously increasing. Manual analysis of large topic scopes and continuously updating literature studies with the newest research results is effort intensive and, therefore, difficult to achieve. Objective: To discuss possibilities and next steps for using LLMs (e.g., GPT-4) in the mapping study process. Method: The research can be classified as a solution proposal. The solution was iteratively designed and discussed among the authors based on their experience with LLMs and literature reviews. Results: We propose strategies for the mapping process, outlining the use of agents and prompting strategies for each step. Conclusion: Given the potential of LLMs in literature studies, we should work on a holistic solutions for LLM-supported mapping studies.

Context: As the diversity and complexity of regulations affecting Software-Intensive Products and Services (SIPS) is increasing, software engineers need to address the growing regulatory scrutiny. We argue that, as with any other non-negotiable requirements, SIPS compliance should be addressed early in SIPS engineering—i.e., during requirements engineering (RE). Objectives: In the conditions of the expanding regulatory landscape, existing research offers scattered insights into regulatory compliance of SIPS. This study addresses the pressing need for a structured overview of the state of the art in software RE and its contribution to regulatory compliance of SIPS. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study to provide an overview of the current state of research regarding challenges, principles, and practices for regulatory compliance of SIPS related to RE. We focused on the role of RE and its contribution to other SIPS lifecycle process areas. We retrieved 6914 studies published from 2017 (January 1) until 2023 (December 31) from four academic databases, which we filtered down to 280 relevant primary studies. Results: We identified and categorized the RE-related challenges in regulatory compliance of SIPS and their potential connection to six types of principles and practices addressing challenges. We found that about 13.6% of the primary studies considered the involvement of both software engineers and legal experts in developing principles and practices. About 20.7% of primary studies considered RE in connection to other process areas. Most primary studies focused on a few popular regulation fields (privacy, quality) and application domains (healthcare, software development, avionics). Our results suggest that there can be differences in terms of challenges and involvement of stakeholders across different fields of regulation. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for an in-depth investigation of stakeholders’ roles, relationships between process areas

Context: The research volume is continuously increasing. Manual analysis of large topic scopes and continuously updating literature studies with the newest research results is effort intensive and, therefore, difficult to achieve. Objective: To discuss possibilities and next steps for using LLMs (e.g., GPT-4) in the mapping study process. Method: The research can be classified as a solution proposal. The solution was iteratively designed and discussed among the authors based on their experience with LLMs and literature reviews. Results: We propose strategies for the mapping process, outlining the use of agents and prompting strategies for each step. Conclusion: Given the potential of LLMs in literature studies, we should work on a holistic solutions for LLM-supported mapping studies.

Context: As the diversity and complexity of regulations affecting Software-Intensive Products and Services (SIPS) is increasing, software engineers need to address the growing regulatory scrutiny. We argue that, as with any other non-negotiable requirements, SIPS compliance should be addressed early in SIPS engineering—i.e., during requirements engineering (RE). Objectives: In the conditions of the expanding regulatory landscape, existing research offers scattered insights into regulatory compliance of SIPS. This study addresses the pressing need for a structured overview of the state of the art in software RE and its contribution to regulatory compliance of SIPS. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study to provide an overview of the current state of research regarding challenges, principles, and practices for regulatory compliance of SIPS related to RE. We focused on the role of RE and its contribution to other SIPS lifecycle process areas. We retrieved 6914 studies published from 2017 (January 1) until 2023 (December 31) from four academic databases, which we filtered down to 280 relevant primary studies. Results: We identified and categorized the RE-related challenges in regulatory compliance of SIPS and their potential connection to six types of principles and practices addressing challenges. We found that about 13.6% of the primary studies considered the involvement of both software engineers and legal experts in developing principles and practices. About 20.7% of primary studies considered RE in connection to other process areas. Most primary studies focused on a few popular regulation fields (privacy, quality) and application domains (healthcare, software development, avionics). Our results suggest that there can be differences in terms of challenges and involvement of stakeholders across different fields of regulation. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for an in-depth investigation of stakeholders’ roles, relationships between process areas

Context: The research volume is continuously increasing. Manual analysis of large topic scopes and continuously updating literature studies with the newest research results is effort intensive and, therefore, difficult to achieve. Objective: To discuss possibilities and next steps for using LLMs (e.g., GPT-4) in the mapping study process. Method: The research can be classified as a solution proposal. The solution was iteratively designed and discussed among the authors based on their experience with LLMs and literature reviews. Results: We propose strategies for the mapping process, outlining the use of agents and prompting strategies for each step. Conclusion: Given the potential of LLMs in literature studies, we should work on a holistic solutions for LLM-supported mapping studies.

Background: E-commerce companies have grown considerably, leading to a changing role in logistics and supply chain management. Events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly boosted the global e-commerce market, leading to traditional businesses adopting an online sales model. Therefore, optimising e-commerce operations has become a focus of study in recent years, where e-commerce has improved operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Among these operations, the inbound process is a critical step that determines the success of an e-commerce company. The success of e-commerce was led by factors such as rising customer demand for short delivery windows, which resulted in increased transportation trucks, more frequent dispatch, and the inability to use full capacity trucks. For that reason, a company that applies e-commerce should structure its operations in a reactive and efficient way that requires different solutions for order fulfilment and operation management, making inbound logistics and e-commerce an interesting research area. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to develop recommendations for warehouse operations and supply relationships in order to improve inbound logistics performance. Research questions: RQ1: How could goods be received from suppliers and managed at the receiving warehouse depending on item characteristics? RQ2: What does the current situation of Boozt's inbound look like? RQ3: How do the suppliers perform compared to each other for Boozt? RQ4: What should the relationship look like between Boozt and their Suppliers? Methodology: A single case study and borrowed aspects from design science research with a deductive research approach, conducted by utilising both qualitative and quantitative data from semi-structured interviews, observations and literature. Findings: To summarise the findings of this thesis, the main issues identified are related to the handling of incoming goods and the performance of suppliers. When the g

Traditional education, especially in STEAM and programming, faces several challenges in capturing the attention and stimulating the new student generation. These challenges are exacerbated by rigid teaching methods and reflect a global difficulty in the educational sector, primarily stemming from the disconnect between traditional teaching and the contemporary needs of the modern world. This article presents a systematic literature review with a mapping study to explore innovative approaches currently employed in teaching, specifically focusing on STEAM and programming education. The conclusions reached make a significant contribution to the field of education, and the mapping conducted has identified the teaching methodologies most researched and investigated by the scientific community. This research also presents a classifying proposal for those methodologies, considering their characteristics and weighing up three dimensions: resources, implementation and receptiveness. As a final reflection, some emerging methodologies were identified that are believed to have great potential to be used for STEAM and programming education.

The Na-Dene language family uses a system of verbal prefixes to indicate spatial orientation. This same system is generalized to express aspectual (temporal) meaning. I formalize the semantics of these prefixes as they relate to both time and space, arguing that this line of inquiry is a useful basis for interdiscplinary cognitive science focusing on the intersection of spatial and linguistic cognition.

This enquiry discusses the potential of a large number of linguistic theories, approaches, concepts etc. from Plato to usage-based linguistics for the understanding of the tense system in Ancient Greek, and particularly in the Greek of the New Testament. It is argued that many significant insights within linguistics in the period from the earliest beginning of linguistic thought up to Saussure have not been noted or included in the discussion of the tenses in New Testament Greek. Many of these insights find corroboration in later linguistic theories in the 20th and 21st centuries. In this volume it is demonstrated that ideas from structuralism and generative linguistics that so far have dominated the debate on the New Testament Greek tense system, such as in the works of Stanley E. Porter, Buist M. Fanning and Constantine R. Campbell, need to be revised or discarded. It is noted that insights from Systemic Functional Linguistics, though favoured by many contributors to the New Testament verbal aspect debate, have been underused. Throughout this volume it is argued that certain theories, both ones preceding and following structuralism and generative linguistics, such as genuine functionalism, grammaticalisation theory, cognitive linguistics and usage-based linguistics, have considerable explanatory power in regard to the understanding and analysis of the New Testament Greek tense system.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá možností využití georadaru při lokalizaci podzemních inženýrských sítí. V teoretické části jsou pospány základní principy a vlastnosti georadaru, metody práce, nastavení georadaru a je zde vypracována, na základě rešerše literatury, analýza současného použití GPR při lokalizaci inženýrských sítí. V praktické části se práce věnuje experimentálnímu měření na vybraném úseku ulice Národní v Trutnově. Součástí práce je vyhodnocení získaných dat a následné porovnání nalezené geometrické polohy inženýrských sítí se skutečnou polohou zaměřenou při pokládce inženýrských sítí., The bachelor thesis explores the potential Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in locating underground utilities. The theoretical part covers the basic principles and characteristics of GPR, working methods, GPR setup and a analysis of the current use of GPR in utility location based on a literature review. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the implementation of experimental measurements on a selected section of the Národní Street in Trutnov. This work involves evaluating the obtained data and comparing the geometric position of utilities found with th actual position measured during their installation., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Uchazeč prezentoval komisi hlavní výsledky a závěry své diplomové práce. Po prezentaci diplomové práce zodpověděl dotazy vedoucího a připomínky oponenta diplomové práce (uvedeny v posudcích práce). V diskusi o diplomové práci podrobně zodpověděl všechny dotazy členů komise., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Global awareness about the threats of ecosystem degradation in the Amazon is growing. While state-managed protected areas remain key instruments for forest conservation, private actors are increasingly funding and implementing a broad range of conservation initiatives. Private actors are transforming the Amazonian conservation landscape and its governance, however, many aspects of private conservation, especially the diversity of local practitioners and the challenges they face, remain understudied. Drawing on a case study of Madre de Dios in the Peruvian Amazon, we aim to generate a better understanding of private conservation practitioners and their various approaches to conservation on private and public land. We used an extensive review of literature and databases, in addition to 13 semi-structured interviews with various private conservation practitioners, to map privately conserved areas, and to gather perceptions about challenges, opportunities, and future pathways for private conservation. A total of 590 privately conserved areas, covering over one million hectares, were identified and mapped in Madre de Dios. We find that, while most initiatives are managed by individuals and families, for-profit companies manage half of the total area privately protected. Furthermore, we find that private conservation initiatives face significant barriers and pressures. These barriers include complex bureaucratic processes, legal contradictions and incoherencies, corruption, weak law enforcement, and financial insecurity. Conservation policies largely favor national and international actors and less so local, grassroots initiatives run by individuals and communities. Finally, we highlight the need for more accessible and inclusive policies that recognize the contribution of less powerful actors, to foster more effective conservation efforts for the future of the Amazon.

Landslides and slope processes constitute one of the most frequent natural hazards in valleys near major rivers and mountainous regions. The surface layer, characterized by its relatively loose composition, is prone to sliding due to a combination of distinct natural and human-related factors. Specific sections along the right bank of the Danube River in Smederevo city exhibit significant susceptibility to landslide activation, often leading to substantial material losses and posing a risk to the local population. The initial step in the provided research involves analyzing existing literature and mapping landslides within the study area. The initial analysis covers both natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. The second step includes establishing a geospatial database in the Geographic Information System and generating eight thematic maps. In the third step, different weight coefficients were assigned to the criteria, which facilitated the creation of the Landslide Susceptibility Index using the Best–Worst Method. Subsequently, in the fourth step, a composite map illustrating landslide susceptibility was produced. According to this research, about 4% of the territory of Smederevo, or 19.3 km2, is highly or very highly susceptible to landslides. These localities are located on the right bank of the Danube River and around the Ralja River. Receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve value indicates very high predictive power (approximately 1), thus suggesting the reliability of the used methodology. This visualization of areas highly prone to such occurrences empowers policymakers to implementmore effective environmental protectionmeasures and institute sustainable management practices for agricultural parcels in this region. Also, the provided research represents the inaugural integration of advanced remote sensing techniques and interdisciplinary investigations, offering deeper insights into landslide activity in the study area and yielding more

Objectives When health outcomes relevant for economic evaluations are unavailable, algorithms can be developed to map utilities using available clinical outcome measures. This study aims to develop two mapping algorithms estimating EuroQol-5 dimension-3 level (EQ-5D-3 L) utilities using the clinician-rated Health of the Nation Outcome Scores (HoNOS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANNS). Methods A dataset with 2,029 observations of patients with psychotic disorders included EQ-5D-3 L, HoNOS, PANSS item scores, and demographics. Correlations between instruments were evaluated. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and random forest (RF) algorithms with various predictor variable sets were applied. Model performance was cross-validated using R-squared and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Results High ceiling effects were observed for EQ-5D-3 L, with weak to moderate negative correlations between EQ-5D and HoNOS (r = -0.34) and PANSS (r = -0.27). Overall, LASSO models outperformed RF models, with individual item models performing best for the HoNOS and PANSS, with the best observed RMSEs of 0.241 and 0.231, respectively. Conclusions The HoNOS and PANSS could be mapped onto EQ-5D-3 L utilities but lack accuracy for individual patient predictions. However, in the absence of alternatives, they could adequately predict population-based utility score differences for health economic evaluations.

Evolutionary robotics offers a powerful framework for designing and evolving robot morphologies, particularly in the context of modular robots. However, the role of query mechanisms during the genotype-to-phenotype mapping process has been largely overlooked. This research addresses this gap by conducting a comparative analysis of query mechanisms in the brain-body co-evolution of modular robots. Using two different query mechanisms, Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Random Query, within the context of evolving robot morphologies using CPPNs and robot controllers using tensors, and testing them in two evolutionary frameworks, Lamarckian and Darwinian systems, this study investigates their influence on evolutionary outcomes and performance. The findings demonstrate the impact of the two query mechanisms on the evolution and performance of modular robot bodies, including morphological intelligence, diversity, and morphological traits. This study suggests that BFS is both more effective and efficient in producing highly performing robots. It also reveals that initially, robot diversity was higher with BFS compared to Random Query, but in the Lamarckian system, it declines faster, converging to superior designs, while in the Darwinian system, BFS led to higher end-process diversity.

Instrument design is not just a matter of hardware, it also concerns strategies for software mapping of input to output data. I will in this paper report on how an augmented clarinet that I, together with a team at LTU began developing in 2015 has continued to develop over the past seven years. The focus will be on the development of artistic applications within the system. Performers frequently describe the resistance of their instrument as a manifestation of the challenges they encounter when playing. One can argue that the goal of a skilled performer is to get rid of resistance, but it is in fact a central part of the relationship between performer and instrument. Acquiring technique and skill seems to be a way for the performer not to overcome resistance but to learn how the instrument responds to force. Realizing the importance of resistance in the artistic process we need to ask ourselves; how can we use this knowledge when creating new instruments? Returning to video documentation of performances with two different mappings and through stimulated recall analysis I seek a deeper understanding of how software, mapping and performance practice interacts, forming the basis of the artistic expression., Full text license: CC BY

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide are warming, deoxygenating, and acidifying the global ocean. In coastal areas, these global trends are much more complicated. Climate change trends can be attenuated, exacerbated, or entirely overridden by local influences such as rivers, pollution, complex circulation patterns, or biological productivity. As such, climate stress in the coastal ocean is more accurately described as a mosaic of stress loci and refugia that shift in space and time. Capturing this complexity is difficult, but is critical for coastal resource managers tasked with sustaining local fisheries and ecosystems over small spatial and temporal scales. In this work, I investigate and identify regions of climate stress in two coastal ecosystems highly vulnerable to warming and acidification: the eastern Bering Sea and the California Current System. In the Bering Sea, I develop species distribution models for adult red king crab to evaluate the effectiveness of modeled oceanographic conditions to predict crab distributions. In the California Current System, I develop the largest synthesis of ocean acidification- and hypoxia-relevant coastal climate observations to date, then use my synthesis to evaluate spatial patterns of vulnerability to single and multiple stressors in four widely dispersed shellfish species. Throughout this work, I interrogate the utility of high-resolution maps to inform resource management decisions and find that, while spatially-explicit information about climate stresses is important, its utility for management is often undermined by uncertainty about species sensitivity to climate stress or distribution. In the California Current System, I also find that accounting for uncertainty shows where oceanographic observations versus better precision in species sensitivity metrics produces the biggest gains in information.

Potholes are a significant pavement distress compromising safety and causing costly damage. They result from pavement deterioration due to aging, weather, and traffic overloads, with the Mountain Plains region particularly affected due to freeze/thaw cycles. Timely identification and repair of potholes are critical for effective highway maintenance. This research develops an automated deep learning-based pothole detection and mapping tool using the fusion of visible and thermal images. Visible images alone often fail in poor lighting or adverse weather conditions, whereas thermal images offer robust detection but lack texture details. Integrating both image types enhanced detection accuracy. We created a database of geotagged and labeled trios of visible, thermal, and fused images using a low-cost FLIR ONE thermal camera connected to a smartphone. Three machine-learning algorithms were proposed and compared: Anisotropic Diffusion Fusion (ADF) + Mask R-CNN, RTFNet, and RTFNet with Enhancement Parameters (EPs). The RTFNet method achieved the best F1-score of 93.7% in daytime and 90.9% in nighttime scenarios. A Bright-Dark detector was developed to optimize algorithm selection based on lighting conditions. Detected potholes were mapped using GPS data, and the trained algorithm was packaged into a GUI tool that can be used by highway maintenance teams.

Cycling presents a compelling solution for promoting personal health and environmental well-being, particularly for short-distance travel. Despite its numerous advantages, cycling uptake in the United States remains disproportionately low, primarily due to safety concerns. Traditional frameworks for assessing cyclist stress are hindered by their impracticality and inability to provide real-time evaluations. Self-report surveys and physiological measurements offer alternative approaches but suffer from limitations such as retrospective reporting biases and accessibility challenges, respectively. This project introduces CyclistAI, a novel smartphone-based cyclist stress assessment model that leverages context sensing. By combining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) techniques, CyclistAI aims to provide real-time stress assessment for cyclists. Challenges in dataset annotation due to safety concerns are addressed through simulation-based data generation. Subsequent Domain Adaptation using Contrastive Learning bridges the simulation-to-reality gap and ensures the model’s efficacy in real-world scenarios. In-field testing of CyclistAI demonstrates promising results, showcasing its potential as a pioneering stress assessment tool. Furthermore, this project proposes utilizing aggregated assessment results to create stress distribution maps, facilitating informed decision-making for urban planners to enhance cycling infrastructure and promote safer, more sustainable transportation environments.

Potholes are a significant pavement distress compromising safety and causing costly damage. They result from pavement deterioration due to aging, weather, and traffic overloads, with the Mountain Plains region particularly affected due to freeze/thaw cycles. Timely identification and repair of potholes are critical for effective highway maintenance. This research develops an automated deep learning-based pothole detection and mapping tool using the fusion of visible and thermal images. Visible images alone often fail in poor lighting or adverse weather conditions, whereas thermal images offer robust detection but lack texture details. Integrating both image types enhanced detection accuracy. We created a database of geotagged and labeled trios of visible, thermal, and fused images using a low-cost FLIR ONE thermal camera connected to a smartphone. Three machine-learning algorithms were proposed and compared: Anisotropic Diffusion Fusion (ADF) + Mask R-CNN, RTFNet, and RTFNet with Enhancement Parameters (EPs). The RTFNet method achieved the best F1-score of 93.7% in daytime and 90.9% in nighttime scenarios. A Bright-Dark detector was developed to optimize algorithm selection based on lighting conditions. Detected potholes were mapped using GPS data, and the trained algorithm was packaged into a GUI tool that can be used by highway maintenance teams.

[ES] La navegación autónoma de vehículos aéreos no tripulados en entornos complejos ha sido un tema de investigación activo en los últimos años. En particular, en entornos desconocidos y repletos de obstáculos que carecen de GPS, como bajo la cubierta forestal. Este proyecto pretende combinar técnicas de detección, cartografía y generación de trayectorias sin colisiones para facilitar la navegación autónoma en 3D de un UAV en un bosque, siendo consciente de cualquier obstáculo, como árboles, arbustos, ramas y vegetación del sotobosque. El objetivo de esta pila de navegación autónoma está orientado a la investigación forestal y a aplicaciones operativas en casos en los que las difíciles condiciones plantean un problema de accesibilidad tanto para las personas como para los vehículos terrestres, tales como la cartografía forestal para la gestión forestal sostenible o tareas de manipulación, entre otras., [EN] Autonomous navigation of UAVs in complex environments has been an active research topic in recent years. In particular, GPS-denied unknown obstacle-rich environments such as under the forest canopy. This project aims to combine techniques for sensing, mapping, and collision-free trajectory generation to facilitate the 3D autonomous navigation of a UAV in a forest, being aware of any obstacles, such as trees, bushes, branches, and understory vegetation. The aim of this autonomous navigation stack is oriented to forest research and operational applications in cases where difficult conditions pose a problem of accessibility for both people and ground vehicles, such as forest mapping for sustainable forest management or manipulation tasks, among others., [EN] his thesis explores the development and application of an autonomous navigation sys tem in dynamic environments. The primary focus is leveraging contact information to over come challenges such as GNSS­denied environments, sensor degradation, and other common failures, enabling collision recovery. The thesis begins by addressing the theoretical and technical challenges of autonomous navigation in obstacle­dense environments and the existing approaches to contact detec tion techniques. After comprehensively evaluating various contact detection alternatives, we propose a novel collision platform and contact detection algorithm integrated into an existing drone frame. These enhancements enable contact­based autonomous naviga tion capabilities in challenging environments. The designed collision system was evaluated independently and as part of an autonomous contact­based mission. The findings demonstrate the system’s remarkable ability to ac curately predict contact events, even integrated within an autonomous mission. This showcases the system’s versatility, performing well in static conditions and during real navigation in flight. Conclusively, this research highlights the potential of contact information to enhance au tonomous navigation significantly. The study suggests avenues for future research, par ticularly in improving collision platform robustness for more challenging environments and integrating additional sensor modalities to further enhance reliability.

It is widely accepted that road traffic safety is a significant public health issue. One of the effective ways to improve road traffic safety is analyzing crash data to understand where traffic accidents occur, identify associated spatial and temporal patterns, and determine causation. In the State of New Mexico, locations of traffic accidents are currently visualized using a variety of static maps. Although these statics maps are easier to create and producers can control how users view the data, they are not able to visualize crash density information because users cannot zoom in or zoom out, and hence cannot identify any associated spatial and temporal patterns. To solve the problems inherent with the current static maps, this research project focused on exploring the utility of dynamic and interactive web mapping and visualization techniques to visualize and analyze traffic crash data with the aim of helping transportation professionals determine the causes of traffic crashes and identify high-crash locations and other associated spatial and temporal patterns, and ultimately, achieving improved safety, enhanced resiliency, and increased efficiency for road users. This was achieved exclusively with open source tools and the implementation of well-known geospatial statistical analysis tools proven effective in traffic safety analysis.

Restaurangbranschen är en hårt ansatt bransch med många utmaningar och egenheter, och har i praktiken sällan stöd av HR. Det lyder en konsensus i hur HR inte har en plats i branschen vilket väcker frågan om varför så är fallet. De utmaningar som identifierats för branschen har en koppling till just HR vilket ställer frågan om huruvida HR-aktiviteter kan råda bot på utmaningarna. Den forskning som finns sedan tidigare kring branschen är knapphänt och kunskap kring hur HR- aktiviteter ser ut inom branschen är icke befintlig. Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga HR-aktiviteter för att tolka om de kan agera värdeskapande i restaurangbranschen, ur ett krögar- och medarbetarperspektiv. Studien utgår från en induktiv ansats. Kartläggning har genomförts via en kvalitativ fallstudie, i vilken fallet är hela branschen i en avgränsad region. Empiri samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med en delad målgrupp bestående av dels krögare, dels medarbetare. Datan analyserades sedan tematiskt via tre teman och teorier. Studiens slutsats är att det finns ett värde av HR-aktiviteter i restaurangbranschen, vilket stöds av både krögarna och medarbetarna. I dagsläget utförs flera typiska HR-aktiviteter till stor del, trots en okunskap kring HR som ämne, vilket också stärker argumentet att HR-aktiviteter är nödvändiga i branschen. Studien identifierade fem aktiviteter som målgrupperna fann extra viktiga, och den fann även tre utvecklingsområden som branschen kan förbättras inom., The restaurant business is a tough and unique business with many challenges, and rarely has any support from HR. There is a consensus regarding that HR does not belong in the restaurant business, which raises a question regarding why that is. The challenges that has been identified for the business have a connection to HR, which also raises a question regarding if HR-practices can help solve them. The existing research about the subject is slim and knowledge about how HR-practices are performed within the business is non-existent. The purpose of this research is to map out HR-activities and interpret if they can add value in the restaurant business, from a managers-perspective and a workers-perspective. The study has an inductive approach. The mapping has been done by a qualitative case study, in which the case is the entire business in a limited area. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews with a split target group, consisting of managers and workers. The data was analyzed thematically with three themes and theories. The conclusion of this study is that there is a value in HR-practices in the restaurant business, which is supported by both the managers and the workers. Today, several typical HR-practices are performed, despite lacking knowledge about HR as a subject, which also strengthens the argument that HR-practices are necessary in the business. The study identified five activities that both target groups found were extra important, and three areas that the business can develop further.

Soil health is a critical aspect of sustainable agriculture, with soil organic matter (SOM) serving as a key indicator. In arable fields, growing cover crops has been advocated as a prime practice to promote SOM accumulation. However, the effectiveness of cover crops to promote SOM accumulation can vary widely. Furthermore, accurate quantification of SOM at field scale is severely constrained by the labour intensity and destructive nature of traditional methods, which limits the ability to quantify and monitor cover crop impacts on SOM. We tested whether cover crop mixtures promote SOM accumulation more than cover crop monocultures in a 6-year field experiment with arable crop rotation on sandy soil. We found that the cover crops radish and oat-radish mixture significantly increased SOM levels compared to the fallow treatment. Next, on soil sampled in year 4, we explored the use of proximal (VIS-NIR, MIR) and remote sensing using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to upscale SOM from wet lab-based point samples to the whole field and map its SOM status. Thereto, we used Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Partial Least Squares (PLS) models and found that the best fitting model depended on the type of spectral sensor. With proximal sensing (MIR) the best SOM prediction was achieved using SVR (R2= 0.84, RMSE= 1.55 g/kg SOM). For UAV imagery with hyperspectral camera the best model was RF (R2 = 0.69, RMSE= 2.19 g/kg SOM) and enabled digital mapping of SOM distribution across the field. The accuracy of MIR enabled identifying radish cover crop treatments as having on average higher SOM levels compared to the fallow. However, infield spatial SOM variation can override cover crop effects on SOM levels. Therefore, UAV time series are required to remotely quantify cover crop impacts on SOM changes. Overall, our results show potential for combining proximal and UAV-based sensing SOM as a tool for more efficient and accurate spatiotemporal monitoring of SOM

Este artículo aborda las experiencias del territorio desde la perspectiva de jóvenes que forman parte de familias migrantes latinoamericanas y asisten a la escuela secundaria en el conurbano bonaerense (Argentina). Es el producto de una investigación colaborativa que se propuso subvertir el lugar de enunciación, abordando las formas juveniles de habitar, recorrer y producir territorios que se despliegan desde las calles y el barrio donde su escuela está ubicada hasta sus ciudades y pueblos natales, y los múltiples recorridos transitados a lo largo de su vida. En este ejercicio de indagación, otorgamos centralidad a la producción de cartografías propias, a la creación de sus propios mapas, ilustraciones y relatos. De este modo, buscamos abonar a una perspectiva biográfica y generacional, entendiendo esto último como condición indispensable para la apropiación y producción de saberes que logren desafiar las asimetrías constitutivas de la producción de conocimiento geográfico en la actualidad., This article addresses the experiences of the territory from the perspective of young people who are part of Latin American migrant families and attend secondary school in the Buenos Aires suburbs (Argentina). It is the product of a collaborative investigation that set out to subvert the place of enunciation, addressing youth ways of inhabiting, traveling and producing territories that unfold from the streets and the neighborhood where their school is located to their hometowns and towns, and the multiple routes traveled throughout their life. In this exercise of inquiry, we give centrality to the production of their own cartographies, to the creation of their own maps, illustrations and stories. In this way, we seek to support a biographical and generational perspective, understanding the latter as an indispensable condition for the appropriation and production of knowledge that manages to challenge the constitutive asymmetries of the production of geographical knowledge today.

Colombia por sus características geofísicas y ubicación en la zona tropical es propensa a fenómenos de inundación, que sumados a la vulnerabilidad de la red vial y la presencia permanente de población contiguamente a la vía, acrecientan la fragilidad social y económica en los corredores viales. Esta situación se evidencia cuando se presentan colapsos de transitabilidad por inundación, pues el país moviliza la mayoría de sus mercancías por tierra. El conocimiento y sistematización de las condiciones, sociales y económicas en el trazado vial nacional, y la incorporación de estos datos a un modelo espacial replicable, podría ser una alternativa para tomar decisiones orientadas a prevenir el riesgo. En este artículo se presenta el diseño conceptual y metodológico de una propuesta para involucrar los factores socio económicos requeridos en una evaluación del riesgo por inundación en vías utilizando herramientas de análisis espacial en el tramo piloto Ruta 6008 Chiquinquirá-Sáchica (36 km). Se cuantifica un índice global de aspectos socioeconómicos que se relaciona con la vulnerabilidad en tres niveles: local, zonal y regional. Como resultado principal se encuentra que el corredor vial presenta un nivel de vulnerabilidad media-alta, debido a los aspectos de exposición y fragilidad en las condiciones de vivienda y medios de vida., Due to its geophysical characteristics and location in a tropical zone, Colombia is prone to flooding phenomena, which, in addition to the vulnerability of the road network and the permanent presence of the population residing close to the roads, increase the social and economic fragility of the road corridors. This situation is evident when traffic collapses due to flooding, as the country mobilizes most of its goods by land. The knowledge and systematization of the social and economic conditions of the national road layout, and the incorporation of these data into a replicable spatial model, could be an alternative for making decisions aimed at risk prevention. This paper presents the conceptual and methodological design of a proposal of the socioeconomic factors required in a road flood risk assessment using spatial analysis tools in the pilot section Route 6008 Chiquinquirá-Sáchica (36 km). A global index of socioeconomic aspects related to vulnerability is quantified at three levels: local, zonal and regional. The main result is that the road corridor presents a medium-high level of vulnerability, due to the aspects of exposure and fragility in housing and livelihood conditions.

La diversidad de formas de representación de las lesiones en fachadas hace que exista una disparidad de criterios, por lo que este libro propone una unificación para facilitar su estudio, más aún cuando existe una creciente implantación de la metodología HBIM y es necesario una codificación y una forma de representación gráfica. Este libro es por tanto una guía para una fácil y mejor comprensión de la patología en fachadas de albañilería, con o sin revestimiento, y también de cantería.

La diversidad de formas de representación de las lesiones en fachadas hace que exista una disparidad de criterios, por lo que este libro propone una unificación para facilitar su estudio, más aún cuando existe una creciente implantación de la metodología HBIM y es necesario una codificación y una forma de representación gráfica. Este libro es por tanto una guía para una fácil y mejor comprensión de la patología en fachadas de albañilería, con o sin revestimiento, y también de cantería.

The objective of this article was to establish mechanisms to raise awareness among the population living in risk areas about possible landslides, based on cartographic analysis shown later with virtual reality techniques, specifying that various geomorphological events in Mexico City (CDMX) and in certain parts of the Mexican Republic are becoming more frequent and harmful to the inhabitants. Methodologically, the visualization of a virtual reality model worked in Tinkercad from mapping obtained from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was implemented, showing the possible affectations to the examined domicile. As a result, it is intended to implement new technologies such as virtual reality based on previous mapping results, which can be used to provide greater explanation to the inhabitants about the repercussions and effects in the event of a landslide, which will affect their homes and, therefore, the integrity of their families., El presente artículo tuvo el objetivo de establecer mecanismos de concientización en la población que vive en zonas de riesgo ante posibles deslizamientos de tierra, mediante la elaboración de análisis cartográfico mostrado posteriormente con técnicas de realidad virtual, precisando que diversos acontecimientos geomorfológicos en la Ciudad de México (CDMX) y en ciertas partes de la República Mexicana son cada vez más frecuentes y dañinos para los habitantes. Metodológicamente se implementó la visualización de un modelo de realidad virtual trabajado en Tinkercad a partir de cartografía obtenida de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), mostrando las posibles afectaciones al domicilio examinado. Como resultado se pretende realizar la instauración de nuevas tecnologías como lo es la realidad virtual con base en resultados cartográficos previos; lo anterior, podrá ser utilizado para implantar mayor explicación a los habitantes sobre las repercusiones y afectaciones en caso de ocurrir algún deslizamiento de tierra, mismo que afectará su vivienda y, por ende, la integridad su familia.

SAR-Synthetic Aperture Radar- Sentinel-1 data complements the current possibilities offered by multispectral information, and it is mainly useful in areas of high cloudiness. This study presents the spatiotemporal dynamics of a tropical wetland system named Ciénaga Colombia from 2014 to 2021 through Sentinel-1 SAR data. The analysis is mainly done using Google Earth Engine -GEE- and boxplots were used to analyze SAR backscattering. Thresholds and SWIM-Surface Water Index Extraction Model- methods were used to calculate the surface water of the wetland system. This study also explored some possible relationships between the system surface water with precipitation and the ENSO–El Niño Southern Oscillation-. The results showed that 2015 and 2017 present the greater-lesser backscattering values (respectively), indicating mean surface water sizes of 110 ha and 334 ha. SWIM and thresholds values calculated for the lowest backscattering moment in 2017 differ almost double (384 ha and 657 ha). The consistency of the SAR data results was validated through NDWI values from Sentinel 2-1C images. Finally, this study recognizes the need to delve into different analyses to identify changes in the wetland system as a result of direct interventions on its drainage network., As imagens SAR (por suas siglas em inglês Synthetic Aperture Radar) do satélite Sentinel-1 complementam as possibilidades atuais oferecidas pelo sensoriamento remoto sobre informação multiespectral, sendo úteis principalmente em áreas com alta nebulosidade. Este estudo apresenta a descrição da dinâmica espaço-temporal de um sistema de zonas húmidas tropicais conhecido como Ciénaga Colômbia durante o período 2014-2021, através de imagens do sensor Sentinel-1. Os dados foram explorados no Google Earth Engine (GEE) e gráficos box-and-whisker foram usados para analisar a dispersão multitemporal do retroespalhamento SAR. A lâmina de água superficial do sistema de zonas úmidas foi calculada usando os métodos Umbrais e SWIM do inglês Surface Water Index Extraction Model; e explorou-se sua possível relação com a precipitação média anual e El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS). Os resultados indicam uma lâmina de água superficial média de 110 ha em 2015 e 334 ha em 2017. Os valores calculados para 2017 com Umbrais e SWIM são quase o dobro (384 ha e 657 há respectivamente). A consistência dos resultados obtidos através dos dados SAR foi validada com valores do NDWI (por suas siglas em inglês Normalized Difference Water Index) cuja fonte foram as imagens Sentinel 2-1C. Por fim, este estudo reconhece a necessidade de se aprofundar em análises diferenciadas para identificar alterações no sistema de zonas úmidas como resultado de intervenções diretas na rede de drenagem em que se encontra., Las imágenes Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) del sensor Sentinel-1 complementan las posibilidades actuales que brindan los sensores remotos de información multiespectral, siendo principalmente útiles en áreas de alta nubosidad. Este estudio presenta la descripción de la dinámica espaciotemporal de un sistema de humedales tropicales denominado Ciénaga Colombia durante el periodo 2014-2021 a través de imágenes del sensor SAR Sentinel-1. Los datos se procesaron en Google Earth Engine (GEE) y se emplearon gráficos de cajas y bigotes para analizar la dispersión multitemporal de la retrodispersión del SAR. La lámina de agua superficial del sistema de humedales se calculó mediante los métodos de Umbrales y el Surface Water Index Extraction Model (SWIM), y se exploró su posible relación con la precipitación media anual y el El Niño Osciliación del Sur (ENOS). Los resultados indican la media del tamaño de la lámina de agua superficial de 109,96 ha en el 2015 y de 334,79 ha en el 2017. Los valores calculados para el 2017 con el SWIM y el método de umbrales distan casi en el doble para el mínimo de retrodispersión —384 ha y 657 ha, respectivamente—, aunque para esa temporalidad hubo ausencia de datos SAR. La consistencia de los resultados obtenidos a través de datos SAR se validó con valores del Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) provenientes de imágenes Sentinel 2-1C, y muestran coherencia en lo calculado. Finalmente, desde este estudio se reconoce la necesidad de profundizar en diferentes análisis para identificar los cambios en el sistema de humedales producto de las intervenciones directas sobre la red de drenaje en el que se encuentra.

An assessment of the sensitivity to land degradation was carried out in the Murcia Region (SE Spain) by means of a modelling approach developed by the European Commission funded MEDALUS project (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use). These areas are identified according to ESA index (Environmental Sensitive Areas index) that incorporates data on environmental quality (climate, vegetation, soil) together with management data. The obtained results were integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS), and maps of environmental sensitivity to degradation were created. The proposed methodology allows to identify different degrees of vulnerability to land degradation, and also to analyse specific factors affecting desertification. Results showed that the study area is mostly located in the critical desertification class. Based on the results, almost all the land is included in high-critical class (C3), showing that the whole region is at high desertification risk, Depto. de Mineralogía y Petrología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to evaluate intraoperative experience with newly developed high-spatial-resolution microelectrode grids composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and those composed of platinum nanorods (PtNRs). METHODS: A cohort of patients who underwent craniotomy for pathological tissue resection and who had high-spatial-resolution microelectrode grids placed intraoperatively were evaluated. Patient demographic and baseline clinical variables as well as relevant microelectrode grid characteristic data were collected. The primary and secondary outcome measures of interest were successful microelectrode grid utilization with usable resting-state or task-related data, and grid-related adverse intraoperative events and/or grid dysfunction. RESULTS: Included in the analysis were 89 cases of patients who underwent a craniotomy for resection of neoplasms (n = 58) or epileptogenic tissue (n = 31). These cases accounted for 94 grids: 58 PEDOT:PSS and 36 PtNR grids. Of these 94 grids, 86 were functional and used successfully to obtain cortical recordings from 82 patients. The mean cortical grid recording duration was 15.3 ± 1.15 minutes. Most recordings in patients were obtained during experimental tasks (n = 52, 58.4%), involving language and sensorimotor testing paradigms, or were obtained passively during resting state (n = 32, 36.0%). There were no intraoperative adverse events related to grid placement. However, there were instances of PtNR grid dysfunction (n = 8) related to damage incurred by suboptimal preoperative sterilization (n = 7) and improper handling (n = 1); intraoperative recordings were not performed. Vaporized peroxide sterilization was the most optimal sterilization method for PtNR grids, providing a significantly greater number of usable channels poststerilization than did steam-based sterilization techniques (median 905.0 [IQR 650.8-935.5] vs 356.0 [IQR 18.0-597.8], p = 0.0031). CONCLUSIONS

A coordinated multi-year ocean exploration campaign on the Blake Plateau offshore of the southeastern U.S. has mapped what appears to be the most expansive cold-water coral (CWC) mound province thus far discovered. Nearly continuous CWC mound features span an area up to 500 km long and 110 km wide, with a core area of high-density mounds up to 254 km long by 42 km wide. This study synthesized bathymetric data from 31 multibeam sonar mapping surveys and generated a standardized geomorphic classification of the region in order to delineate and quantify CWC mound habitats and compare mound morphologies among subregions of the coral province. Based on the multibeam bathymetry, a total of 83,908 individual peak features were delineated, providing the first estimate of the overall number of potential CWC mounds mapped in the region to date. Five geomorphic landform classes were mapped and quantified: peaks (411 km2), valleys (3598 km2), ridges (3642 km2), slopes (23,082 km2), and flats (102,848 km2). The complex geomorphology of eight subregions was described qualitatively with geomorphic “fingerprints” (spatial patterns) and quantitatively by measurements of mound density and vertical relief. This study demonstrated the value of applying an objective automated terrain segmentation and classification approach to geomorphic characterization of a highly complex CWC mound province. Manual delineation of these features in a consistent repeatable way with a comparable level of detail would not have been possible.

This paper unfolds in three parts. In Part 1, I describe how I have contended with the fraught relationships among mapping, nationalism, and colonialism in my teaching and research. When writing my first book, Contesting Race and Citizenship, I had to reckon with the positivist impulse to enumerate and map Black Italianness—and, more broadly, with the politics of visibility at a time of increasingly virulent racial nationalisms, xenophobia, and outright anti‐Black violence. In Part 2, I describe the ways my own thinking about mapping has been pushed in new directions by insights from Black geographies. Drawing on Clyde Woods, Katherine McKittrick, and Édouard Glissant—as well as essays from the edited volume The Black Geographic—I argue that Black geographic counter‐cartographies foreground insurgent Black spatial knowledges and practices that have always exceeded racial‐spatial violence, and approach mapping as both a material and poetic process. In Part 3, I conclude by advancing some tentative ideas about what it might mean to map new or alternative geographies of abolitionist struggle that attend to the interconnections between Black Atlantic and Black Mediterranean histories of racial capitalism.

Traffic accidents often result in death and serious injury. This high number of deaths and injuries requires immediate action to reduce the negative impact. This study aims to identify and map the location of traffic black sites in the districts of Konda and Wolasi. This research was conducted on the main road in the South Konawe regency which had an accident on the Konda-Wolasi route. The research method used to determine accident-prone locations is the Z-Score method, while to find accident-prone maps, spatial analysis is used using geographic information systems through field surveys and plotting coordinates by GPS. In the Konda sub-district, 4 villages are accident-prone points, namely Ambololi, Lambusa, Puuosu Jaya, and Tanea villages, while in the Wolasi sub-district, there are Wolasi, Mata Wolasi, Amoito, and Leleka sub-district. Each accident-prone point caused damaged roads, narrow roads, bends, and intersections., Kecelakaan lalu lintas sering kali mengakibatkan kematian dan cedera serius. Tingginya angka kematian dan cedera ini memerlukan tindakan cepat untuk mengurangi dampak negatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan lokasi titik gelap lalu lintas di Kecamatan Konda dan Wolasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada jalan utama wilayah Kabupaten Konawe Selatan yang mengalami kecelakaan pada jalur Konda-Wolasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi rawan kecelakaan yaitu metode Z-Score, sedangkan untuk mengetahui peta rawan kecelakaan digunakan analisis spasial dengan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis melalui survei lapangan dan plotting koordinat menggunakan GPS. Di Kecamatan Konda terdapat 4 desa yang menjadi titik rawan kecelakaan yaitu Desa Ambololi, Lambusa, Puuosu Jaya, dan Tanea, sedangkan di Kecamatan Wolasi berada di Desa Wolasi, Mata Wolasi, Amoito, dan Leleka. Setiap titik rawan kecelakaan disebabkan jalan rusak, jalan sempit, tikungan, dan persimpangan.

Traffic accidents often result in death and serious injury. This high number of deaths and injuries requires immediate action to reduce the negative impact. This study aims to identify and map the location of traffic black sites in the districts of Konda and Wolasi. This research was conducted on the main road in the South Konawe regency which had an accident on the Konda-Wolasi route. The research method used to determine accident-prone locations is the Z-Score method, while to find accident-prone maps, spatial analysis is used using geographic information systems through field surveys and plotting coordinates by GPS. In the Konda sub-district, 4 villages are accident-prone points, namely Ambololi, Lambusa, Puuosu Jaya, and Tanea villages, while in the Wolasi sub-district, there are Wolasi, Mata Wolasi, Amoito, and Leleka sub-district. Each accident-prone point caused damaged roads, narrow roads, bends, and intersections., Kecelakaan lalu lintas sering kali mengakibatkan kematian dan cedera serius. Tingginya angka kematian dan cedera ini memerlukan tindakan cepat untuk mengurangi dampak negatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan lokasi titik gelap lalu lintas di Kecamatan Konda dan Wolasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada jalan utama wilayah Kabupaten Konawe Selatan yang mengalami kecelakaan pada jalur Konda-Wolasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi rawan kecelakaan yaitu metode Z-Score, sedangkan untuk mengetahui peta rawan kecelakaan digunakan analisis spasial dengan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis melalui survei lapangan dan plotting koordinat menggunakan GPS. Di Kecamatan Konda terdapat 4 desa yang menjadi titik rawan kecelakaan yaitu Desa Ambololi, Lambusa, Puuosu Jaya, dan Tanea, sedangkan di Kecamatan Wolasi berada di Desa Wolasi, Mata Wolasi, Amoito, dan Leleka. Setiap titik rawan kecelakaan disebabkan jalan rusak, jalan sempit, tikungan, dan persimpangan.

This project explores the application of the Apple iPad Pro and Apple iPhone equipped with LiDAR technology using free apps that utilize the LiDAR sensor in a more traditional Geomatics Engineering method. It relies heavily on the IMU (inertial measurement unit), the integrated camera, and the single frequency GNSS (global navigation satellite system) sensor for positioning of the device to control the resultant collected data sets. A terrestrial LiDAR scanner, Leica P20, is used to produce the base surface model for comparison.

Poor road conditions affect millions of drivers, and assessing the condition of paved surfaces is a critical step towards repairing them. This project explores the feasibility of using the Apple iPad Pro LiDAR sensor as a cost-effective tool for assessing the damage and condition of paved surfaces. Our research aims to provide accurate and precise measurements using readily available consumer devices and compare the results to state-of-the-art equipment. This investigation involved visual inspection, identification, and classification of pavement distresses, followed by a comparison of the iPad and iPhone LiDAR data with a survey-grade terrestrial laser scanner. The project revealed several limitations of the iPad Pro-based LiDAR approach. The level of detail captured in the scans was relatively low, with a best-case resolution of 1 cm and an inability to detect smaller cracks and shallow potholes. Longer scans (in terms of both time and distance) led to geometric anomalies in the surface models. Colorized scans provided some visual contrast, aiding in the identification of damage, particularly on moderately damaged concrete surfaces. The potential sources of error were identified, including the performance of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), the limitations of the LiDAR sensor itself, and the opaque nature of onboard data processing within the 3D Scanner App. Suggestions for improvement included the use of gimbal stabilizers to enhance scan quality and the exploration of more intensive PC-based processing for raw data analysis. Hardware advancements by Apple and software enhancements by app developers were also highlighted as potential areas for future improvement. While the project revealed limitations and challenges, the authors acknowledge the possibility of future hardware upgrades, augmented reality advancements, and improvements in sensor accuracy and processing. However, based on this project’s findings, the iPad Pro LiDAR approach currently falls short

The purpose of this study was to enhance our understanding of reuse by analyzing the entire life cycle of textiles − from purchase, use, to end-of-life waste treatment in Sweden. Our goal was to identify where the greatest losses and potentials lie within our society. We focused on identifying the main challenges, losses, and opportunities by examining overall patterns and trends rather than striving for precise data accuracy. The study is delimited by data from our Swedish project partners, including municipalities and charitable organizations. When necessary, this data was supplemented with Swedish national data or literature studies to address data deficiencies or understand the level of uncertainty., Syftet med denna studie var att öka kunskapen om återanvändning genom att samla in och analysera data om det totala flödet av textilier från inköp, användning till slutlig avfallshantering för att identifiera var de största förlusterna och potentialen ligger i vårt samhälle. Vi strävade efter att identifiera de viktigaste utmaningarna, förlusterna och möjligheterna, med fokus på att förstå övergripande mönster och trender snarare än att uppnå precision i datan. Studien är unik då den är den första i sitt slag som utforskar och jämför återanvändningens roll i förhållande till det totala flödet av konsumtion, användning och avfall.Kartläggning baseras på data från våra samarbetspartners i projektet, inklusive kommuner och välgörenhetsorganisationer. Vid behov kompletterades detta med nationella data eller litteraturstudier för att hantera brist på data eller förstå osäkerhetsgraden.

This article seeks to open a dialogue on encouraging creative possibility in architectural education, with particular focus on the architecture studio. Although discussed through the practice of design, I present experimental methods that are adaptable across creative and speculative disciplines. Rooted in the conceptual difference between possible and probable thinking as identified by philosophers Didier Debaise and Isabelle Stengers, this article positions the role of the architect as being interstitially located in multiple temporalities (as well as occupying the liminal space between the real and the imagined) in such a way that this difference between possible and probable is seen to be potentially critical to the future of the built environment. Focusing on non-linear time (investigated through temporal mapping), situating the imagined architecture in the dynamic conditions of site (site studies/development of architecture), and through the introduction of an interloper (chance/event), this article acts as a framework for examining potential methods for nurturing and sustaining possibility in the space of the architecture studio.

In this letter, we present an innovative, tightly-coupled LiDAR-Visual-Inertial Odometry and Mapping framework, termed LVIO-Fusion, which achives robust and precise state estimation and map construction in environments characterized by LiDAR-degenerated and texture-less. The LVIO-Fusion is comprised of two subsystems: a LiDAR-inertial odometry (LIO) and visual-inertial odometry (VIO). The LIO subsystem employs a dynamic voxel mapping method by utilizing a Hash table and octrees for building and updating point cloud map directly and efficiently. The map points are directly projected to images to build the optical flow matching, which couples LiDAR and camera measurements in a deeper level. Then, the VIO subsystem proposes a coarse-to-fine state estimation that minimizes the frame-to-frame reprojection errors and photometric errors to align images. Furthermore, the VIO subsystem leverages online photometric calibration to acquire the true radiometric information from the environment, consequently refining the precision of the system. We extensively evaluate our method in challenge environments. The results validate the high accuracy and robustness of our method when compared to other state-of-the-art methods in LiDAR-degenerated and texture-less scenarios.

We introduce an integrated precise LiDAR, Inertial, and Visual (LIV) multimodal sensor fused mapping system that builds on the differentiable Gaussians to improve the mapping fidelity, quality, and structural accuracy. Notably, this is also a novel form of tightly coupled map for LiDARvisual- inertial sensor fusion. This system leverages the complementary characteristics of LiDAR and visual data to capture the geometric structures of large-scale 3D scenes and restore their visual surface information with high fidelity. The initialization for the scene's surface Gaussians and the sensor's poses of each frame are obtained using a LiDAR-inertial system with the feature of size-adaptive voxels. Then, we optimized and refined the Gaussians using visual-derived photometric gradients to optimize their quality and density. Our method is compatible with various types of LiDAR, including solid-state and mechanical LiDAR, supporting both repetitive and non-repetitive scanning modes. Bolstering structure construction through LiDAR and facilitating real-time generation of photorealistic renderings across diverse LIV datasets. It showcases notable resilience and versatility in generating real-time photorealistic scenes potentially for digital twins and virtual reality, while also holding potential applicability in real-time SLAM and robotics domains. We release our software and hardware and self-collected datasets on Github1 to benefit the community. IEEE

It is widely accepted that road traffic safety is a significant public health issue. One of the effective ways to improve road traffic safety is analyzing crash data to understand where traffic accidents occur, identify associated spatial and temporal patterns, and determine causation. In the State of New Mexico, locations of traffic accidents are currently visualized using a variety of static maps. Although these statics maps are easier to create and producers can control how users view the data, they are not able to visualize crash density information because users cannot zoom in or zoom out, and hence cannot identify any associated spatial and temporal patterns. To solve the problems inherent with the current static maps, this research project focused on exploring the utility of dynamic and interactive web mapping and visualization techniques to visualize and analyze traffic crash data with the aim of helping transportation professionals determine the causes of traffic crashes and identify high-crash locations and other associated spatial and temporal patterns, and ultimately, achieving improved safety, enhanced resiliency, and increased efficiency for road users. This was achieved exclusively with open source tools and the implementation of well-known geospatial statistical analysis tools proven effective in traffic safety analysis.