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The development of a wind farm is a highly sophisticated task, whereby many stakeholders are involved and several unique disciplines come together to form a whole. Commonly, the unique disciplines are optimized individually which leads to sub-optimal windfarm designs. Therefore, it is of great importance that an interdisciplinary approach is used to overcome sub-optimal designs and that they work together to accomplishing a common objective. To capture the interdisciplinary dynamics of the different disciplines, a Systems Engineering (SE) approach is used. This approach makes it possible to design the wind farm in an agile manner, whereby the in- and outputs, from the different disciplines, are coupled to accomplish a combined objective. The foundation of systems engineering in this report is the Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO). The MDAO framework includes models for various disciplines in a wind farm, such as the wake aerodynamics, rotor nacelle assembly, support structure, cabling, etc. The MDAO framework facilitates system-level analysis by capturing interdisciplinary interactions - both implicit and explicit - to analyze the system for a particular objective. The research objective of this thesis is to determine the effect of up-scaling on the optimum design of an offshore wind farm for different drive train configurations. This is done by constructing engineering models and implementing these in the MDAO framework. The analysis will specifically focus on the three configurations: Doubly Fed Induction Generator with a 3-stage gearbox (DFIG - 3S), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with direct drive (PMSG - DD), and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with 1-stage gearbox (PMSG - 1S). The implementation of the updated models, will contribute to the dissemination of knowledge on the utility of the MDAO framework, whereby the process of selecting the optimal drive train configuration will become easier. Alongside, the updated models, Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technology

The development of a wind farm is a highly sophisticated task, whereby many stakeholders are involved and several unique disciplines come together to form a whole. Commonly, the unique disciplines are optimized individually which leads to sub-optimal windfarm designs. Therefore, it is of great importance that an interdisciplinary approach is used to overcome sub-optimal designs and that they work together to accomplishing a common objective. To capture the interdisciplinary dynamics of the different disciplines, a Systems Engineering (SE) approach is used. This approach makes it possible to design the wind farm in an agile manner, whereby the in- and outputs, from the different disciplines, are coupled to accomplish a combined objective. The foundation of systems engineering in this report is the Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO). The MDAO framework includes models for various disciplines in a wind farm, such as the wake aerodynamics, rotor nacelle assembly, support structure, cabling, etc. The MDAO framework facilitates system-level analysis by capturing interdisciplinary interactions - both implicit and explicit - to analyze the system for a particular objective. The research objective of this thesis is to determine the effect of up-scaling on the optimum design of an offshore wind farm for different drive train configurations. This is done by constructing engineering models and implementing these in the MDAO framework. The analysis will specifically focus on the three configurations: Doubly Fed Induction Generator with a 3-stage gearbox (DFIG - 3S), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with direct drive (PMSG - DD), and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with 1-stage gearbox (PMSG - 1S). The implementation of the updated models, will contribute to the dissemination of knowledge on the utility of the MDAO framework, whereby the process of selecting the optimal drive train configuration will become easier. Alongside, the updated models, Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technology

With the global increase in passenger traffic and growing popularity of long-haul routes over the Asia Pacific region and Atlantic Ocean, the possibility for hypersonic transport could become an attractive option to reduce flight time over long distance from 16-20 hours down to around 4-5 hours. In this thesis, a Multi-Disciplinary Optimisation platform has been developed to allow for the optimal sizing of hypersonic transport vehicles using vehicle take-off mass as the performance indicator subjected to fuel volume and payload height constrains. The current platform is applied to the LAPCAT A2 hypersonic long-range transport configuration by Reaction Engines, to determine the impact of range and cruise Mach number on the design of hypersonic aircraft. Results show that the optimal shape is greatly dependent on the aircraft range and fuel volume constraint. Additionally, the optimum hypersonic cruise Mach number is dictated by a trade-off between mission time, engine efficiency and Thermal Protection System mass., Thesis performed in cooperation with the University of Sydney, Australia., Aerospace Engineering | Flight Performance and Propulsion

With the global increase in passenger traffic and growing popularity of long-haul routes over the Asia Pacific region and Atlantic Ocean, the possibility for hypersonic transport could become an attractive option to reduce flight time over long distance from 16-20 hours down to around 4-5 hours. In this thesis, a Multi-Disciplinary Optimisation platform has been developed to allow for the optimal sizing of hypersonic transport vehicles using vehicle take-off mass as the performance indicator subjected to fuel volume and payload height constrains. The current platform is applied to the LAPCAT A2 hypersonic long-range transport configuration by Reaction Engines, to determine the impact of range and cruise Mach number on the design of hypersonic aircraft. Results show that the optimal shape is greatly dependent on the aircraft range and fuel volume constraint. Additionally, the optimum hypersonic cruise Mach number is dictated by a trade-off between mission time, engine efficiency and Thermal Protection System mass., Thesis performed in cooperation with the University of Sydney, Australia., Aerospace Engineering | Flight Performance and Propulsion

Currently, the design approach in the wind industry is to perform sequential optimization of different disciplines like wake aerodynamics, turbine, support structure, etc., which might fail to capture the interactions between these disciplines, leading to a sub-optimal design. Literature suggests that a Multi-disciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) tool that integrates all the different disciplines of a wind farm results in a lower LCOE value compared to the conventional approach. However, of all the existing tools, some of them lack user agility (do not cater to all the stakeholders of a wind farm), demand high computational resources, or use low fidelity models. This thesis deals with the wind turbine discipline, with a focus on rotor optimization. The existing framework of WINDOW (the tool being developed at TU Delft) uses a low fidelity static model for the rotor, with a safety factor of 1.5 to account for the missing dynamic effects of loading. To study the implications of the same, a high fidelity dynamic model with an aero-servo-elastic coupling, is integrated into WINDOW, and the differences resulting in the optimized design, from the two models, are evaluated., Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technology

Currently, the design approach in the wind industry is to perform sequential optimization of different disciplines like wake aerodynamics, turbine, support structure, etc., which might fail to capture the interactions between these disciplines, leading to a sub-optimal design. Literature suggests that a Multi-disciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) tool that integrates all the different disciplines of a wind farm results in a lower LCOE value compared to the conventional approach. However, of all the existing tools, some of them lack user agility (do not cater to all the stakeholders of a wind farm), demand high computational resources, or use low fidelity models. This thesis deals with the wind turbine discipline, with a focus on rotor optimization. The existing framework of WINDOW (the tool being developed at TU Delft) uses a low fidelity static model for the rotor, with a safety factor of 1.5 to account for the missing dynamic effects of loading. To study the implications of the same, a high fidelity dynamic model with an aero-servo-elastic coupling, is integrated into WINDOW, and the differences resulting in the optimized design, from the two models, are evaluated., Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technology

With the global increase in passenger traffic and growing popularity of long-haul routes over the Asia Pacific region and Atlantic Ocean, the possibility for hypersonic transport could become an attractive option to reduce flight time over long distance from 16-20 hours down to around 4-5 hours. In this thesis, a Multi-Disciplinary Optimisation platform has been developed to allow for the optimal sizing of hypersonic transport vehicles using vehicle take-off mass as the performance indicator subjected to fuel volume and payload height constrains. The current platform is applied to the LAPCAT A2 hypersonic long-range transport configuration by Reaction Engines, to determine the impact of range and cruise Mach number on the design of hypersonic aircraft. Results show that the optimal shape is greatly dependent on the aircraft range and fuel volume constraint. Additionally, the optimum hypersonic cruise Mach number is dictated by a trade-off between mission time, engine efficiency and Thermal Protection System mass., Thesis performed in cooperation with the University of Sydney, Australia., Aerospace Engineering | Flight Performance and Propulsion

Multi-disciplinary optimisation of building spatial designs is characterised by large solution spaces. Here two approaches are introduced, one being super-structured and the other super-structure free. Both are different in nature and perform differently for large solution spaces and each requires its own representation of a building spatial design, which are also presented here. A method to combine the two approaches is proposed, because the two are prospected to supplement each other. Accordingly a toolbox is presented, which can evaluate the structural and thermal performances of a building spatial design to provide a user with the means to define optimisation procedures. A demonstration of the toolbox is given where the toolbox has been used for an elementary implementation of a simulation of co-evolutionary design processes. The optimisation approaches and the toolbox that are presented in this paper will be used in future efforts for research into- and development of optimisation methods for multi-disciplinary building spatial design optimisation.

Multi-disciplinary optimisation of building spatial designs is characterised by large solution spaces. Here two approaches are introduced, one being super-structured and the other super-structure free. Both are different in nature and perform differently for large solution spaces and each requires its own representation of a building spatial design, which are also presented here. A method to combine the two approaches is proposed, because the two are prospected to supplement each other. Accordingly a toolbox is presented, which can evaluate the structural and thermal performances of a building spatial design to provide a user with the means to define optimisation procedures. A demonstration of the toolbox is given where the toolbox has been used for an elementary implementation of a simulation of co-evolutionary design processes. The optimisation approaches and the toolbox that are presented in this paper will be used in future efforts for research into- and development of optimisation methods for multi-disciplinary building spatial design optimisation.

The traditional data centre (DC) infrastructure is being significantly extended by modern information technology (IT) trends on one side, and lasting calling for DC sustainability on the other. A holistic DC management will be necessary to coordinate different DC processes and to dock the DC environment into modern cities and district infrastructure. A development of such a complex management requires comprehensive testing possibilities. The testing is hardly possible on the real DC infrastructure due to the mission critical nature. Building energy modelling methods offer a suitable platform for the development of a safe and reliable testing environment. This paper deals with new application of Building Energy Simulation (BES) method and introduces a workflow for virtual closed-loop testing of enhanced multi-domain operation for data centres

The traditional data centre (DC) infrastructure is being significantly extended by modern information technology (IT) trends on one side, and lasting calling for DC sustainability on the other. A holistic DC management will be necessary to coordinate different DC processes and to dock the DC environment into modern cities and district infrastructure. A development of such a complex management requires comprehensive testing possibilities. The testing is hardly possible on the real DC infrastructure due to the mission critical nature. Building energy modelling methods offer a suitable platform for the development of a safe and reliable testing environment. This paper deals with new application of Building Energy Simulation (BES) method and introduces a workflow for virtual closed-loop testing of enhanced multi-domain operation for data centres

This thesis will explore the possibilities of dashboard technology to gather information and display this in such a way that it will help the user making decisions. Inspired by the idea of what we do is based on what we know the alternatives shown on the dashboard will help us making precedents for the project that is being designed. The multi-disciplinary set up of the program will enable the user to understand the communication between the various disciplines involved, as well as being able to explain others parties why certain choices are made and how the design would benefit from this., Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology

This thesis will explore the possibilities of dashboard technology to gather information and display this in such a way that it will help the user making decisions. Inspired by the idea of what we do is based on what we know the alternatives shown on the dashboard will help us making precedents for the project that is being designed. The multi-disciplinary set up of the program will enable the user to understand the communication between the various disciplines involved, as well as being able to explain others parties why certain choices are made and how the design would benefit from this., Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology