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The pulp and paper industry produces several calcite-rich by-products including Green Liquor Dregs (GLDs), lime mud, grits, sludges, etc. Presently, majority of these by-products are managed by landfilling. The GLD used in this study is mainly dominated by calcite (∼80 %) and Hydrotalcite like compounds (HTlc, ∼12 %). It is used to produced OPC clinkers by using them as 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % replacement of limestone used for clinker production. TGA-DSC analysis of the clinker raw meals up to 1350 ℃ indicates that increase in GLD leads to slight reduction in the decomposition temperature for the raw meals, and a slight change in the formation temperatures for C2S and C3S. The mineral phase compositions of all the clinkers are comparable with a slightly decreasing C3S and C2S with increasing GLD. Compared to the Bogue calculated compositions, C3S and C2S are slightly lower, while the C3A is significantly lower and C4AF is significantly higher. The environmental leaching of GLD and the clinkers are all within the limits set by EN-12457-2. The environmental impact of clinker production and effect of GLD is analyzed for cradle-to-gate scenario with system boundaries. This analysis shows that by using GLD as replacement for limestone can lower the impact on diversity as well as CO2 related to transportation can also be reduced., This research was a part of the MIMEPRO-project (7935/35/2019), which is a Business Finland funded Co-Innovation Project, together with the following companies: Stora Enso Oyj, Metsä Fibre Oy, Valmet Oy, Fortum Waste Solutions Oy, Matnur Oy, Betoniteollisuus ry, and Parma-Consolis Oy. D.D. Ramteke and P. Kinnunen would like to acknowledge the support by the Academy of Finland – Academy Project (CEMGLASS-243033041).

The pulp and paper industry produces several calcite-rich by-products including Green Liquor Dregs (GLDs), lime mud, grits, sludges, etc. Presently, majority of these by-products are managed by landfilling. The GLD used in this study is mainly dominated by calcite (∼80 %) and Hydrotalcite like compounds (HTlc, ∼12 %). It is used to produced OPC clinkers by using them as 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % replacement of limestone used for clinker production. TGA-DSC analysis of the clinker raw meals up to 1350 ℃ indicates that increase in GLD leads to slight reduction in the decomposition temperature for the raw meals, and a slight change in the formation temperatures for C2S and C3S. The mineral phase compositions of all the clinkers are comparable with a slightly decreasing C3S and C2S with increasing GLD. Compared to the Bogue calculated compositions, C3S and C2S are slightly lower, while the C3A is significantly lower and C4AF is significantly higher. The environmental leaching of GLD and the clinkers are all within the limits set by EN-12457-2. The environmental impact of clinker production and effect of GLD is analyzed for cradle-to-gate scenario with system boundaries. This analysis shows that by using GLD as replacement for limestone can lower the impact on diversity as well as CO2 related to transportation can also be reduced., This research was a part of the MIMEPRO-project (7935/35/2019), which is a Business Finland funded Co-Innovation Project, together with the following companies: Stora Enso Oyj, Metsä Fibre Oy, Valmet Oy, Fortum Waste Solutions Oy, Matnur Oy, Betoniteollisuus ry, and Parma-Consolis Oy. D.D. Ramteke and P. Kinnunen would like to acknowledge the support by the Academy of Finland – Academy Project (CEMGLASS-243033041).

Títol alternatiu emprat a la intranet docenta de l'EPSEVG: "Preparation of a business plan for a 3D printing and DIY service company", The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant global impact, changing people’s life both personally and professionally. Along with lockdowns, physical interaction was limited, so out of boredom, many people began looking for new hobbies and activities to keep themselves active. Some of them found entertainment in gaming, and others in crafting, which led them to continue these hobbies until this day. Although people found new ways to entertain themselves, after the lockdown was over, many people began to struggle with the amount of things they had accumulated, creating a cluttered and overwhelming space at home. This is where the idea of creating a company that inspires people to continue doing their hobbies was born. CraftiX is a startup dedicated to providing products and services that help people keep their leisure and workspace tidy and organized, so they feel motivated to break the routine by doing their favorite activities. The company focuses on meeting the needs of hobbyist and gamers, who are the main target group, by offering them 3D printing related products and services. The main objectives of this project are; to demonstrate the need to solve the problem of organization and storage of materials, tools, and other items, to find out the feasibility of implementing a 3D printing shop in Barcelona and, finally, to create a successful and interesting business plan. To design an attractive business model, an in-depth study of the environment, target users, and administrative and material elements necessary to implement the idea has been conducted, resulting in a sustainable and viable business plan.

The energy transition is said to create emerging “green windows of opportunity (GWO)” in developing countries. On the other hand, many latecomer countries remain importers and users of renewables and clean energy technologies. Renewable energy deployment projects are considered complex systems and products (CoPS) that are capital-intensive, client-driven, and complex economic activities. Previous research on catching up in CoPS has concentrated on large engineering projects, focusing on technological aspects and the role of government interventions at different developmental stages, especially the creation of domestic markets. As many latecomer countries are users of emerging renewable energy technologies, the creation of domestic markets through government interventions is considered essential for successful transitions and capability upgrading to take place. However, capability upgrading and the transition to renewable energy can also occur without the initial presence of a domestic market and strong governmental support, as demonstrated by the case of ACWA Power, a project developer in a latecomer country, in Saudi Arabia. This case shows that upgrading of organizational capabilities took place as the firm engaged in projects in the external market to deploy renewable energy, taking advantage of the GWO. The case suggests that the CoPS can be a viable pathway for catching up in the emerging renewable energy sector, enabling firms to transition and build their organizational capabilities from project-based learning when GWOs are effectively leveraged.

Many businesses are finding it difficult to strengthen employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. In this study, we investigate the organizational conditions that are conducive to the formation of such intentions, specifically employees' intentions to initiate the development of new products or services in their host corporation. The results from a survey of 3492 employees of Swedish companies, including small, medium-sized, and large firms, reveal that recognizing and rewarding personal achievements, maintaining a risk-taking organizational culture, and top management support are all associated with stronger employee intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. There is weaker support for the predicted positive effect of personal independence and the presence of intrapreneurial role models. Time availability appears to have an inverted ushaped relationship to employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. Overall, the findings support the idea that organizations can be purposefully designed for strengthening intrapreneurial new venturing among their employees.

Many businesses are finding it difficult to strengthen employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. In this study, we investigate the organizational conditions that are conducive to the formation of such intentions, specifically employees' intentions to initiate the development of new products or services in their host corporation. The results from a survey of 3492 employees of Swedish companies, including small, medium-sized, and large firms, reveal that recognizing and rewarding personal achievements, maintaining a risk-taking organizational culture, and top management support are all associated with stronger employee intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. There is weaker support for the predicted positive effect of personal independence and the presence of intrapreneurial role models. Time availability appears to have an inverted ushaped relationship to employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. Overall, the findings support the idea that organizations can be purposefully designed for strengthening intrapreneurial new venturing among their employees.

Many businesses are finding it difficult to strengthen employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. In this study, we investigate the organizational conditions that are conducive to the formation of such intentions, specifically employees' intentions to initiate the development of new products or services in their host corporation. The results from a survey of 3492 employees of Swedish companies, including small, medium-sized, and large firms, reveal that recognizing and rewarding personal achievements, maintaining a risk-taking organizational culture, and top management support are all associated with stronger employee intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. There is weaker support for the predicted positive effect of personal independence and the presence of intrapreneurial role models. Time availability appears to have an inverted ushaped relationship to employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. Overall, the findings support the idea that organizations can be purposefully designed for strengthening intrapreneurial new venturing among their employees., QC 20240715

Many businesses are finding it difficult to strengthen employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. In this study, we investigate the organizational conditions that are conducive to the formation of such intentions, specifically employees' intentions to initiate the development of new products or services in their host corporation. The results from a survey of 3492 employees of Swedish companies, including small, medium-sized, and large firms, reveal that recognizing and rewarding personal achievements, maintaining a risk-taking organizational culture, and top management support are all associated with stronger employee intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. There is weaker support for the predicted positive effect of personal independence and the presence of intrapreneurial role models. Time availability appears to have an inverted ushaped relationship to employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. Overall, the findings support the idea that organizations can be purposefully designed for strengthening intrapreneurial new venturing among their employees.

Many businesses are finding it difficult to strengthen employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. In this study, we investigate the organizational conditions that are conducive to the formation of such intentions, specifically employees' intentions to initiate the development of new products or services in their host corporation. The results from a survey of 3492 employees of Swedish companies, including small, medium-sized, and large firms, reveal that recognizing and rewarding personal achievements, maintaining a risk-taking organizational culture, and top management support are all associated with stronger employee intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. There is weaker support for the predicted positive effect of personal independence and the presence of intrapreneurial role models. Time availability appears to have an inverted ushaped relationship to employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. Overall, the findings support the idea that organizations can be purposefully designed for strengthening intrapreneurial new venturing among their employees.

Many businesses are finding it difficult to strengthen employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. In this study, we investigate the organizational conditions that are conducive to the formation of such intentions, specifically employees' intentions to initiate the development of new products or services in their host corporation. The results from a survey of 3492 employees of Swedish companies, including small, medium-sized, and large firms, reveal that recognizing and rewarding personal achievements, maintaining a risk-taking organizational culture, and top management support are all associated with stronger employee intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. There is weaker support for the predicted positive effect of personal independence and the presence of intrapreneurial role models. Time availability appears to have an inverted ushaped relationship to employees' intentions to engage in intrapreneurial new venturing. Overall, the findings support the idea that organizations can be purposefully designed for strengthening intrapreneurial new venturing among their employees.

269 p., El agotamiento y la degradación de los recursos naturales, consecuencia de su uso insostenible por paite de una población creciente que demanda un mayor consumo y nivel de vida, ha conducido a la asimilación del concepto de desarrollo sostenible como paradigma en el que basar las políticas europeas presentes y futuras (a modo de ejemplo, el Pacto Verde Europeo, la Estrategia Española de Bioeconomía, la Estrategia de Economía Circular 2030 del País Vasco, el Basque Green Deal, etc.). En 2015, la mayoría de los países del mundo adoptaron la Agenda de Desarrollo Sostenible con sus conocidos 17 Objetivos, siendo reflejo de la necesidad imperiosa de generar un cambio profundo y justo en los sistemas de producción y consumo, pasando de un modelo lineal de «producción-consumo-desecho» a otro basado en conceptos de reutilización, recirculación, reciclaje y empleo de recursos naturales renovables. Esta transición cobra aún más urgencia por el hecho de que el cambio climático que padecemos agrava la pérdida de biodiversidad y el deterioro de los recursos naturales, y dificulta el reto asociado a la producción y el consumo sostenible. En este contexto, la bioeconomía circular y, en particular, la bioeconomía forestal circular están llamadas a desempeñar un papel fundamental en el nuevo modelo de producción y consumo sostenible. Uno de los aspectos en los que se fundamenta la bioeconomía forestal circular es el hecho de que en los países desarrollados, en general, la producción forestal no compite por terrenos que se puedan dedicar a la producción de alimentos y, además, genera cantidades notables de biomasa como materia prima en la que se apoyan las cadenas de valor centradas en la generación de productos bio-basados. Dado que la generalización de los principios de la bioeconomía circular es relativamente reciente, se hace preciso abordar el análisis del concepto, sus implicaciones y sus conexiones con otros conceptos relacionados como la economía circular o la economía verde.

This work explores the connection between innovation and design from various perspectives and delves into the capacity of design to enhance product and process innovations in companies. To do this, different definitions of design are analyzed, focusing on both the innovation field through the Oslo Manual and the design field. Evidence is sought regarding the connection between design and innovation in academic literature, European Commission policies, and businesses. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the service sector in the Spanish economy and its connection to the capacity of design to contribute to the generation of innovations of any kind., Este trabajo estudia la conexión entre la innovación y el diseño desde varias ópticas y profundiza en la capacidad del diseño para potenciar innovaciones de producto y de proceso en las empresas. Para ello se analizan distintas definiciones de diseño, poniendo el foco tanto en el ámbito de la innovación a través del Manual de Oslo, como en el ámbito del diseño. Se busca evidencia sobre la conexión del diseño y la innovación en la literatura académica, en las políticas de la Comisión Europea y en las empresas. Por otro lado se muestra la importancia del sector servicios en la economía española y se conecta con la capacidad del diseño para contribuir a la generación de innovaciones de cualquier índole

This work explores the connection between innovation and design from various perspectives and delves into the capacity of design to enhance product and process innovations in companies. To do this, different definitions of design are analyzed, focusing on both the innovation field through the Oslo Manual and the design field. Evidence is sought regarding the connection between design and innovation in academic literature, European Commission policies, and businesses. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the service sector in the Spanish economy and its connection to the capacity of design to contribute to the generation of innovations of any kind., Este trabajo estudia la conexión entre la innovación y el diseño desde varias ópticas y profundiza en la capacidad del diseño para potenciar innovaciones de producto y de proceso en las empresas. Para ello se analizan distintas definiciones de diseño, poniendo el foco tanto en el ámbito de la innovación a través del Manual de Oslo, como en el ámbito del diseño. Se busca evidencia sobre la conexión del diseño y la innovación en la literatura académica, en las políticas de la Comisión Europea y en las empresas. Por otro lado se muestra la importancia del sector servicios en la economía española y se conecta con la capacidad del diseño para contribuir a la generación de innovaciones de cualquier índole

Regulation (EU) 2023/988 on general product safety adapts the previous regime to the requirements arising from technological developments in recent years. The new instrument devotes particular attention to online sales and online marketplaces as avenues for marketing and placing products on the market, often from third states. Concerning providers of an online marketplace, Regulation (EU) 2023/988 lays down specific requirements and due diligence obligations to combat the online sale of dangerous products, which complement and specify the provisions of the Digital Services Act., El Reglamento (UE) 2023/988 relativo a la seguridad general de los productos adapta el régimen previo en la materia a las exigencias derivadas de la evolución tecnológica de los últimos lustros. El nuevo instrumento dedica especial atención a las ventas en línea y a los mercados en línea, como vías para la comercialización e introducción en el mercado de productos, con frecuencia desde terceros Estados. Los requisitos que el Reglamento (UE) 2023/988 establece con respecto a los prestadores de un mercado en línea se configuran como requisitos y obligaciones de diligencia específicos para combatir la venta en línea de productos peligrosos, que complementan y especifican lo dispuesto en el Reglamento de Servicios Digitales., Depto. de Derecho Internacional, Eclesiástico y Filosofía del Derecho, Fac. de Derecho, TRUE, pub

In general, the literature on recombinant innovation is unspecific about the novelty achieved when developing products: it results from recombinations, always novel, of existing knowledge. This view limits the types of recombinations and resources used when innovating. It would not explain the diversity of resources and recombinations associated with high, medium, and low product novelty. This paper investigates which intrinsic or constitutive characteristics of resources would facilitate less or more novel recombinations and why this would occur. The construction of explanatory typologies as a theoretical tool was the chosen methodology. The resulting typology of intrinsic characteristics states the literature focuses on existing resources likely associated with low novelty recombinations and products. A high novelty would require intrinsic characteristics facilitating the recombination of tangible resources and knowledge to form new resources. Though, the most frequent intrinsic characteristics promote medium novelty recombinations and products. With the typology, companies could evaluate ex ante the innovative potential of their resources and, thus, the novelty of recombinations and products they would facilitate. It also contributes to the literature by proposing that resources are more than existing knowledge and are intrinsically heterogeneous. Tangible resources would also be essential to create novelty. In this regard, recombinations would not always be novel. There would be specific relationships between types of resources and the novelty of recombinations and products. Theoretical propositions and a formal model suggest the possibility of predicting and quantifying these relationships., En general, la literatura sobre innovación recombinante no especifica la novedad alcanzada al desarrollar productos: resulta de recombinaciones, siempre novedosas, de conocimiento existente. Esta visión limita los tipos de recombinaciones y recursos usados al innovar. No explicaría la diversidad de recursos y recombinaciones asociados con productos con grados particulares de novedad (alto, medio, bajo). Este trabajo investiga qué características intrínsecas o constitutivas de los recursos facilitarían recombinaciones menos o más novedosas, y por qué ocurriría esto. Metodológicamente, se usó la construcción de tipologías explicativas como herramienta teórica. Según la tipología de características intrínsecas construida, la literatura se basa en recursos existentes. Se asociarían con recombinaciones y productos poco novedosos. Para que hubiera alta novedad, se requerirían características intrínsecas que facilitaran recombinar recursos tangibles y conocimiento para formar recursos nuevos. Aunque, las características intrínsecas más frecuentes promoverían recombinaciones y productos de novedad media. La tipología ayudaría a las empresas a evaluar ex ante el potencial innovador de sus recursos, y así la novedad al recombinar y de producto que facilitarían. Contribuye con la literatura al proponer que los recursos son más que conocimiento existente y son intrínsecamente heterogéneos. Los recursos tangibles también serían esenciales para crear novedad. Al respecto, las recombinaciones no serían siempre novedosas. Habría relaciones específicas entre tipos de recursos, novedad de recombinaciones, y novedad de productos. Se presentan proposiciones teóricas y un modelo formal que sugieren la cuantificación y predictibilidad de estas relaciones.

Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na význam marketingu pro malý výrobní podnik. Zaměřuje se, jak vysoký podíl zastoupení marketingových nástrojů existuje ve výrobní a prodejní strategii firmy., This bachelor's thesis focuses on the significance of marketing for a small manufacturing enterprise. It examines how well marketing tools are integrated into the company's production and sales strategy., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Student přednesl téma své BP Význam marketingu pro menší výrobní podnik Otázky a náměty z obhajoby: Jakým způsobem byste chtěl sledovat vliv zavedení nových metod marketingu na rozvoj podniku? Jaké faktory byste hodnotil v rámci rozvoje podniku? Kdo byli respondenti v rámci dotazníkového šetření? Student otázky zodpověděl., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

The day when all organizations across the world operated only for financial gain is long past. Natural resource preservation and environmental protection are becoming increasingly important in all spheres of life today. Continuous research has being done worldwide to identify novel approaches for achieving sustainability. In order to safeguard the environment, mitigate the impacts of climate change, invest in renewable energy sources, increase the amount of green space, and support other sustainable development initiatives, financial aid is known as "green finance." This article examines the components of green financing, including green banking, green insurance, and green bonds. Additionally, it assesses the possibilities and difficulties for green finance with the aid of current literature and efforts to offer fresh information regarding Green Finance as a useful instrument of Sustainability in developing nations like India.

The day when all organizations across the world operated only for financial gain is long past. Natural resource preservation and environmental protection are becoming increasingly important in all spheres of life today. Continuous research has being done worldwide to identify novel approaches for achieving sustainability. In order to safeguard the environment, mitigate the impacts of climate change, invest in renewable energy sources, increase the amount of green space, and support other sustainable development initiatives, financial aid is known as "green finance." This article examines the components of green financing, including green banking, green insurance, and green bonds. Additionally, it assesses the possibilities and difficulties for green finance with the aid of current literature and efforts to offer fresh information regarding Green Finance as a useful instrument of Sustainability in developing nations like India.

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of store atmosphere, products, and prices on repurchase intentions at Sahaya Coffeeshop in Pontianak City with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. This research was associative research. The population in this research were all Sahaya Coffeeshop customers. The total sample was 100 respondents determined using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used was structural equation modelling (SEM) with the WarpPLS approach. The results of the fit and quality indices model show a good, ideal, acceptable and large model. The results of hypothesis testing for direct effect show that Store Atmosphere and Products have a positive and significant effect on Satisfaction, but Prices have a negative effect on Satisfaction; Store Atmosphere, Products and Prices have a positive and significant effect on Repurchase Intentions; Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Repurchase Intentions. The results of hypothesis testing for indirect effects show that Store Atmosphere and Products have a positive and significant effect on Repurchase Intentions through Satisfaction, but Prices have a negative effect on Repurchase Intentions through Satisfaction.

Bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na odvětví fotografie. Konkrétně na produktovou fotografii. Cílem bakalářské práce je zobrazení tvorby produktové fotografie. Počínaje jejím pořízením, následným zpracováním v určitém programu až po praktickou část bakalářské práce zaměřující se na tvorbu produktové fotografie pro firmu. Toto odvětví fotografie je nedílnou součástí reklamního světa. Můžeme se s ní setkat v různých tiskovinách i online. Bakalářskou prací bych chtěla ukázat, jak taková fotografie vzniká a co vše stojí za jejím ztvárněním. Práce může do budoucna posloužit jako inspirace pro začínající či mírně pokročilé fotografy, kteří mají zájem o tento obor., The bachelor thesis focuses on the field of photography. Specifically on product photography. The aim of this thesis is to display the creation of product photography. Starting with its procurement, and subsequent processing in certain software to the practical part of the bachelor thesis focusing on creating product photography for the company. This branch of photography is an integral part of the advertising world. We can meet her in various printed materials and online. With my bachelor thesis, I would like to show how such a photograph is created and what is behind its renditioning. The thesis in the future can serve as inspiration for beginners or intermediate photographers who are interested in this field., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Studentka přednesla obhajobu práce s názvem: Pořizování a postprodukce produktové fotografie. Cílem bakalářské práce je zobrazení tvorby produktové fotografie. Počínaje jejím pořízením, následným zpracováním v určitém programu až po praktickou část bakalářské práce zaměřující se na tvorbu produktové fotografie pro firmu. Otázky dle posudku vedoucího práce: K práci mám jednu otázku. Proč říkáte, že tvorba produktové fotografií není nejlehčím odvětvím ve světě fotografování? Otázky komise:Do jaké fáze spadá příprava námětu, příprava portfolia? Studentka otázky zodpověděla, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Tato bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na proces tvorby a budování značky s důrazem na vizuální identitu. Práce obsahuje úvod do základních pojmů v oblasti budování značky a popis procesu tvorby a budování značky. Dále se práce věnuje vizuální identitě značky a společnosti, vysvětluje základní grafické vizuální prvky a v praktické části nabízí případovou studii návrhu grafického konceptu vizuální identity. Výstupem práce jsou vytvořené studijní texty s ukázkovou případovou studií zaměřené na praktickou ukázku tvorby jednotného vizuálního stylu společnosti., This bachelor thesis focuses on the process of creating and building a brand with an emphasis on visual identity. The thesis includes an introduction to the basic concepts of branding and a description of the branding process. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the visual identity of the brand and the company, explains the basic graphic visual elements and in the practical part offers a case study of the design of a graphic visual identity concept. The aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive view of the brand creation and brand building process with an emphasis on visual identity and to provide practical tools for creating an effective visual brand identity. The output of the thesis is a tutorial with sample case studies that can be used to create a strong brand., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Student přednesl obhajobu práce s názvem: Brand identity. Cílem práce je připravit studijní podklady popisující pojem Brand identity, popsat proces tvorby a budování značky se zaměřením na vizuální identitu značky a společnosti. Výstupem budou vytvořené a graficky zpracované výukové texty včetně ukázkové případové studie. Otázky dle posudku vedoucího práce: 1. Můžete stručně shrnout jaké jsou hlavní prvky Brand Identity a jaký je jejich vztah k budování značky? 2. Ovlivňuje nějakým způsobem vizuální identita marketingovou komunikaci společnosti a případně jakým? Výtka: zarovnání textu do bloku, podržení textu, nadpisy Student otázky zodpověděl, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na analýzu marketingového mixu v hotelu Elegance. První část bakalářské práce se zabývá vymezením základních teoretických pojmů. Druhá část se věnuje popisu a analýze marketingového mixu hotelu Elegance, situační analýze prostředí a návrhům a doporučením pro hotel. Závěr práce shrnuje, co je cílem práce a jak se tento cíl podařilo naplnit., This bachelor's thesis strives for clarification of analysis of marketing mix in hotel Elegance. First part of bachelor's thesis aims at explanation of basic theoretical concepts. Second part pursues an explanation and analysis of marketing mix in hotel Elegance, situational analysis of environment and recommendations for hotel. Conclusion of thesis summarizes what is the goal and how was this goal fulfilled., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Studentka přednesla téma své BP Marketingový mix vybraného podniku, otázky vedoucí BP: 1. Jak byste zvýšila získání zpětné vazby hodnocení od zákazníků (kap. 5.2)? Jak by s takovou zpětnou vazbou měl hotel pracovat? 2. Jak byste z marketingového pohledu zjistila, jestli je o Vámi navrhovaný pobytový balíček pro zákazníky důchodového věku zájem? Otázky a náměty z obhajoby: Jaký význam má umístění hotelu? Jak politická situace ovlivňuje cenu? Studentka otázky zodpověděla., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Tato diplomová práce s názvem Metody a nástroje pro CRM ve firmě se zabývá analýzou metod a nástrojů využívaných pro analýzu dat o zákaznících a jejich segmentace pro potřeby CRM. V práci jsou představeny vybrané metody a nástroje, které se používají pro řízení vztahů se zákazníky. Následně jsou v práci pomocí vybrané metody zpracovány analýzy na reálných datech získaných od organizace. V práci jsou provedeny dvě analýzy nákupního koše. Jedna pro podnik jako celek a druhá podle jednotlivých krajů. Výsledkem práce je zjištění kombinací produktů, které zákazníci nejčastěji nakupují společně., This thesis, entitled Methods and Tools for CRM in a Company, deals with the analysis of methods and tools used for customer data analysis and segmentation for CRM purposes. The thesis presents selected methods and tools used for customer relationship management. Subsequently, the thesis uses the selected method to perform the analysis on real data collected from the organization. In the thesis, two shopping basket analyses are performed, one for the enterprise as a whole and the other by region. The result of the thesis is the identification of the combinations of products that customers most frequently purchase together., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Student přednesl téma své DP Metody a nástroje pro CRM ve firmě Vedoucí DP nemá další otázky. Otázky oponenta DP: 1. V předložené diplomové práci zmiňujete RFM analýzu, kterou jste však později nevyužil. Jaké by byly hodnoty R, F, M pro vybrané tři firmy z použitého datového souboru za sledované období, které jste měl k dispozici? Jak lze na základě zjištěných hodnot R, F, M zákazníky segmentovat? 2. Zabýval jste se hledáním asociací napříč kraji. Jak souvisí charakteristiky krajů s nalezenými pravidly, popř. jen nalezenými kombinacemi nákupů produktů plynoucích z pavučinových grafů? 3. Na základě výsledků pavučinových grafů lze vygenerovat kombinace předpokladů a následně je využít k tvorbě charakteristických segmentů. Lze nalézt například pro Olomoucký kraj charakteristické vlastnosti firem na základě nalezených kombinací nakupovaných produktů vyplývajících z pavučinových grafů? Student na otázky reagoval., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Circular Design, as a practice and approach, has grown in popularity in the last decade, with academics and industry alike proposing many strategies and methods that facilitate this in products. Yet, very few day-to-day products are actually circular. Therefore, in this chapter, we sought to analyse and reflect upon what progress Circular Design has made within industry, uncovering the key barriers and opportunities for how it is implemented. Through interviews with industry experts applying Circular Design in practice, this chapter identified the 'classic drivers and barriers' influencing the sustainability of products but also identified several new insights or 'levers for change' that are impacting the advancement as well. It is proposed that if these levers are ignored, they could potentially continue to hinder advancement, but if addressed, could help to unlock activity within this area and help speed up the transition to a fully circular product system., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Circular Product Design

Digitalization is considered an important driver of the unravelling societal and economic transformations. However, holding both promises and challenges, its effects on the performance of individual firms are still underexplored. In this paper, we recognize that digitalization may take many shapes and try isolating the effects specifically of product digitization on firm level labour productivity. Our analyses are based on a large Europe-wide unique dataset combining structured information from ORBIS and PATSTAT with novel web-scraped information on digitalization in firms involved in high-tech manufacturing. We show that digitalization benefits productivity. However, the effect appears to result exclusively from product digitization, while a general digital intensity measure turned out to be insignificant. Moreover, we show that the effects are stronger for firms with higher initial productivity and firms located in countries considered digitally leading. Our results from the European high-tech sector suggest that the digital transformation in Europe is slow paced and scaled-up in only a fraction of the firms.

Diplomová práce se zabývá význam marketingu pro prosperitu firem. Porovnávány jsou tři mlékárny různé velikosti. V práci jsou pro porovnání využívány rozlišné marketingové metody. Veškeré informace jsou získány z vnitropodnikových zdrojů. Teoretické část diplomové práce vysvětluje marketingové pojmy, které následně použity v praktické části. Praktická část je komponována tak, že nejdříve je zde představen podnik a následně je popsáno využití marketingu. Ke každému podniku je vytvořena SWOT analýza, ze které vycházejí marketingové strategie. Na závěr zpracováno shrnutí všech třech mlékáren - v čem se liší, v čem jsou si podobné a jaké mají příležitosti a možnosti pro zlepšení., The content of the diploma thesis is the importance of marketing for the prosperity of companies. these are three dairies of dirrerent sizes and a comparison of the use of marketing methods. all information is obtained from internal company sources. the theoretical part of the diploma thesis explains marketing concepts which are subsequently used in the practical part. the practical part always first presents the company and then the use of marketing is described. a SWOT analysis is created for each company from wchich marketing strategies are based. at the end a summary of all three dairies is drawn up - how they are different, what they are similar to and what could be improve., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Studentka přednesla téma své DP Význam marketingu pro prosperitu firmy, vedoucí a oponent v posudcích DP pokládají následující otázky či náměty: 1. Pracovala jste s nějakými konkrétními nástroji pro analýzu marketingového prostředí? Pokud ne, jaké konkrétní nástroje by se daly použít k analýze marketingového makro-, mezo- a mikroprostředí? 2. V částech Získávání a zpracování informací (zejména subkapitoly 4.5 a 5.5) obvykle uvádíte pouze obecná tvrzení, jak jednotlivé firmy získávají informace o trhu ; mohla byste alespoň na podniku Mlékárna Polná blíže uvést, jaká konkrétní data o svých partnerech vyhledávají, jak s nimi pracují, jak je hodnotí a co přesně je zdrojem těchto dat? Otázky a náměty z rozpravy: Jak náročné je zavést produkci bio mléka (finančně, právně)? Na základě, jakých zdrojů jste vybrala metody ovlivňování trhu? Studentka otázky zodpověděla., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Each year, Hospital Infections (IH) in the U.S. cause 98,000 deaths and in turn represent an economic burden of US$28 to US$45 billion. On any given day, about one in 31 hospitalized patients has at least one IH. Although hand hygiene has been the primary focus in infection control, growing evidence suggests that there is a correlation between the environmental bioburden in a hospital and a patient’s risk of acquiring an infection. In hospital settings, soft surfaces dominated by textile materials can become highly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms that can cause colonization or infection. The relevant literature shows evidence of microbial growth in textile products and of suboptimal quality of hospital laundry processes as possible sources of infection. Safe and effective formulas have been developed to impart antimicrobial properties to textile materials. Many of these developments have been successfully implemented in sportswear. The most recent lines of research focus on evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial textiles in medical applications to reduce the biological burden of pathogenic microorganisms on textile surfaces and in turn avoid cross-contamination. This article intends to review the use of textile products in hospital settings and the possible contribution of textile materials in the development of IH, and in turn analyze the efficacy of antimicrobial technologies in medical textiles used as strategies for infection control., A cada ano, as Infecções Hospitalares (IH) nos EUA causam 98.000 mortes e, por sua vez, representam um fardo econômico de US$ 28 a US$ 45 bilhões. Em qualquer dia, cerca de um em cada 31 pacientes hospitalizados tem pelo menos uma HI. Embora a higienização das mãos tenha sido o foco principal no controle de infecções, evidências crescentes sugerem que há uma correlação entre a carga biológica ambiental em um hospital e o risco de um paciente adquirir uma infecção. Em ambientes hospitalares, superfícies moles dominadas por materiais têxteis podem se tornar altamente contaminadas com microrganismos patogênicos que podem causar colonização ou infecção. A literatura relevante mostra evidências de crescimento microbiano em produtos têxteis e de qualidade subótima dos processos de lavanderia hospitalar como possíveis fontes de infecção. Fórmulas seguras e eficazes foram desenvolvidas para conferir propriedades antimicrobianas aos materiais têxteis. Muitos desses desenvolvimentos foram implementados com sucesso em roupas esportivas. As linhas de pesquisa mais recentes concentram-se na avaliação da eficácia de têxteis antimicrobianos em aplicações médicas para reduzir a carga biológica de microrganismos patogênicos em superfícies têxteis e, por sua vez, evitar a contaminação cruzada. Este artigo pretende revisar o uso de produtos têxteis em ambientes hospitalares e a possível contribuição dos materiais têxteis no desenvolvimento da HI e, por sua vez, analisar a eficácia de tecnologias antimicrobianas em têxteis médicos utilizados como estratégias de controle de infecção., Cada año, las Infecciones Hospitalarias (IH) en EE. UU. causan 98,000 muertes y a su vez representan una carga económica de US $28 a US $45 mil millones. En un día cualquiera, aproximadamente uno de cada 31 pacientes hospitalizados tiene al menos una IH. Aunque la higiene de las manos ha sido el principal enfoque en el control de infecciones, creciente evidencia sugiere que existe una correlación entre la carga biológica ambiental en un hospital y el riesgo de que un paciente adquiera una infección. En ámbitos hospitalarios, las superficies blandas dominadas por materiales textiles pueden llegar a estar altamente contaminadas con microorganismos patógenos que pueden causar colonización o infección. La literatura relevante muestra evidencia del crecimiento microbiano en productos textiles y de la calidad subóptima de los procesos de lavado de ropa hospitalaria como posibles fuentes de infección. Se han desarrollado fórmulas seguras y eficaces para impartir propiedades antimicrobianas a los materiales textiles. Muchos de estos desarrollos se han implementado con éxito en la ropa deportiva. Las líneas más recientes de investigación se centran en evaluar la eficacia de los textiles antimicrobianos en aplicaciones médicas para reducir la carga biológica de microorganismos patógenos en las superficies textiles y a su vez evitar la contaminación cruzada. Este artículo tiene la intención de hacer una revisión sobre el uso de productos textiles en entornos hospitalarios y la posible contribución de los materiales textiles en el desarrollo de IH, y a su vez analizar la eficacia de las tecnologías antimicrobianas en textiles médicos utilizados como estrategias para el control de infecciones.

The investigation was developed with the objective of evaluating marketing between travel agencies and clients in the Manta destination; The study is of a mixed type with a descriptive approach, made up of three phases: starting with the characterization of the offer, an intentional selective sampling was carried out, due to the low opening at the beginning of the pandemic, 9 agencies were selected, an assessment was carried out of the processes and services through bibliographic analysis, interviews and SWOT analysis, it was learned that the products offered have been affected by the COVID-19 health emergency. 196 surveys were applied through Google Forms, reflecting that the perception of visitors in relation to the services provided by these companies is good at 57.1%. When evaluating the competitiveness of the agencies (in relation to the variables efficiency, complementarity, retention, novelty, value perceived by the client) it was found that manycompanies do not provide complete advice and do not diversify their offer. In the last phase, to promote tourism competitiveness, an action plan was established, composed of threeobjectives, eightstrategies, mission, indicators,and actions. Finally, it is important to increase technological innovation to improve marketing in companies., La investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar la comercialización entre agencias de viajes y clientes en el destino Manta; el estudio es de tipo mixto con enfoque descriptivo, integrado por tres fases: iniciando por la caracterización de la oferta, se realizó un muestreo intencional de tipo selectivo, por la poca apertura a inicios de la pandemia se seleccionaron 9 agencias, se realizó una valoración de los procesos y servicios mediante análisis bibliográfico, entrevistas y análisis FODA, se conoció que los productos ofertantes se han visto afectados por la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19. Se aplicaron 196 encuestas mediante Google Forms, reflejando que, la percepción de los visitantes en relación con los servicios que brindan estas empresas es buena con un 57,1%. Al evaluar la competitividad de las agencias (en relación con las variables eficiencia, complementariedad, retención, novedad, valor percibido por el cliente) se constató que, la mayoría de las empresas no brindan asesoramiento completo y no diversifican su oferta. En la última fase, para fomentar la competitividad turística, se estableció un plan de acción, compuesto por 3 objetivos, 8 estrategias, misión, indicadores y acciones. Finalmente resulta importante aumentar la innovación tecnológica, para mejorar la comercialización en las empresas.

Pharmaceutical compounds present in water pose significant challenges, particularly due to their low concentrations in water streams. Hollow fiber liquid membranes provide a flexible and easily manageable solution, enabling the concentration of specific contaminants. This concentration step significantly improves their effective removal from water systems. The study focused on using hollow fiber liquid membrane technology to effectively remove diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU), two pharmaceutical compounds. A concentration of 40% Cyanex 923 (Cy923) dissolved in kerosene was selected as the preferred extractant due to its stability and quick extraction properties. The stability of the system was tested with a pseudo-emulsion, enabling repeated use of the system. Additionally, an analytical model was developed to calculate the membrane's permeability. In order to enhance the degradation and mineralization of the pharmaceutical compounds and their byproducts, ozonation was integrated with the hollow fiber liquid membrane system in a single system. Measurement of total organic carbon (TOC) revealed a significant reduction of 72% for diclofenac and 57% for ibuprofen with an initial ozone concentration of 10 mg/L and operating under the optimal conditions of hollow fiber liquid membrane.

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in influent wastewater samples (IWW) is a recurrent issue. The monitoring of their presence is not only valuable from an environmental point of view, but also as a tool to analyze patterns of human use by the so-called wastewater-based epidemiology. The development of an analytical method based on solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to monitor the occurrence of a group of seventeen pharmaceuticals including the most representative for various therapeutic families in IWW samples is described in this work. The samples were collected during a monitoring week in six wastewater treatment plants located in different cities and towns across Spain. The developed method provides acceptable figures of merit with apparent recoveries in IWW ranging from 42% to 139%, and low matrix effect (in general lower than ± 30%), and method quantification limits (MQL) between 1 ng/L and 24 ng/L for all compounds, except atenolol (58 ng/L). All the studied pharmaceuticals were found in all samples with concentrations ranging from < MQL to 10,393 ng/L, being the highest concentrations for tramadol. The population normalized daily loads revealed that the use of pharmaceuticals follows, in general, a similar pattern in all cities monitored.

Pharmaceutical compounds present in water pose significant challenges, particularly due to their low concentrations in water streams. Hollow fiber liquid membranes provide a flexible and easily manageable solution, enabling the concentration of specific contaminants. This concentration step significantly improves their effective removal from water systems. The study focused on using hollow fiber liquid membrane technology to effectively remove diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU), two pharmaceutical compounds. A concentration of 40% Cyanex 923 (Cy923) dissolved in kerosene was selected as the preferred extractant due to its stability and quick extraction properties. The stability of the system was tested with a pseudo-emulsion, enabling repeated use of the system. Additionally, an analytical model was developed to calculate the membrane's permeability. In order to enhance the degradation and mineralization of the pharmaceutical compounds and their byproducts, ozonation was integrated with the hollow fiber liquid membrane system in a single system. Measurement of total organic carbon (TOC) revealed a significant reduction of 72% for diclofenac and 57% for ibuprofen with an initial ozone concentration of 10 mg/L and operating under the optimal conditions of hollow fiber liquid membrane.

This research was funded by TOSCA (CNES, Centre national d'etudes spatiales, France) through the salary of A.Z during one year. The study was financially supported by ESA (grant number ESA/AO/1-7875/14/I-NC (4000114738/15/I-SBO)., Several recent studies have shown that knowledge of the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture intrinsically contains information on precipitation. In this study, we show how SMOS measurements can be used to generate a near-real-time precipitation product with a spatial resolution of 0.1 degrees and a temporal resolution of 3 h. The principle consists of assimilating the SMOS data into a model that simulates the evolution of soil moisture, which is forced by a satellite precipitation product. The assimilation of SMOS soil moisture leads to an adjustment of the satellite precipitation rates. Using data from more than 200 rain gauges set up in Africa between 2010 and 2021, we show that the PrISM algorithm (for Precipitation Inferred from Soil Moisture) almost systematically improves the initial precipitation product. One of the original features of this study is that we used the IMERG-Early satellite precipitation product, which has a finer spatial resolution (0.1 degrees) than SMOS (~0.25 degrees). Despite this, the methodology reduces both the RMSE and bias of IMERG-Early. The RMSE is reduced from 8.0 to 6.3 mm/day, and the absolute bias is reduced from 0.81 to 0.63 mm/day on average over the 200 rain gauges. PrISM performs even slightly better on average than IMERG-Final in terms of RMSE (6.8 mm/day for IMERG-Final) but better scores are obtained by IMERG-Final in terms of absolute bias (0.35 mm/day), which utilizes a network of field measurements to correct the biases of the IMERG-Early product with a 2.5-month delay. Therefore, the use of SMOS soil moisture measurements for Africa can be an advantageous alternative to the use of gauge measurements for debiasing rainfall satellite products in real time., TOSCA (CNES, Centre national d'etudes spatiales, France), European Space Agency (ESA), Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

In this article, Inverse Paralogistic distribution based on Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) copula is introduced. Derivations of exact distribution V = XY ,W = X/Y , and Z = X/(X + Y ) are obtained in closed form. Corresponding moment properties of these distributions are also derived. The expressions turn out to involve known special functions.

269 p., El agotamiento y la degradación de los recursos naturales, consecuencia de su uso insostenible por paite de una población creciente que demanda un mayor consumo y nivel de vida, ha conducido a la asimilación del concepto de desarrollo sostenible como paradigma en el que basar las políticas europeas presentes y futuras (a modo de ejemplo, el Pacto Verde Europeo, la Estrategia Española de Bioeconomía, la Estrategia de Economía Circular 2030 del País Vasco, el Basque Green Deal, etc.). En 2015, la mayoría de los países del mundo adoptaron la Agenda de Desarrollo Sostenible con sus conocidos 17 Objetivos, siendo reflejo de la necesidad imperiosa de generar un cambio profundo y justo en los sistemas de producción y consumo, pasando de un modelo lineal de «producción-consumo-desecho» a otro basado en conceptos de reutilización, recirculación, reciclaje y empleo de recursos naturales renovables. Esta transición cobra aún más urgencia por el hecho de que el cambio climático que padecemos agrava la pérdida de biodiversidad y el deterioro de los recursos naturales, y dificulta el reto asociado a la producción y el consumo sostenible. En este contexto, la bioeconomía circular y, en particular, la bioeconomía forestal circular están llamadas a desempeñar un papel fundamental en el nuevo modelo de producción y consumo sostenible. Uno de los aspectos en los que se fundamenta la bioeconomía forestal circular es el hecho de que en los países desarrollados, en general, la producción forestal no compite por terrenos que se puedan dedicar a la producción de alimentos y, además, genera cantidades notables de biomasa como materia prima en la que se apoyan las cadenas de valor centradas en la generación de productos bio-basados. Dado que la generalización de los principios de la bioeconomía circular es relativamente reciente, se hace preciso abordar el análisis del concepto, sus implicaciones y sus conexiones con otros conceptos relacionados como la economía circular o la economía verde.

This work, study the marketing of the information products and services in the libraries, with aim of finding out the prospect and challenge of marketing of the information products and services in the libraries. Literature review method was adopted to collect and analyse related findings of researches with views to marketing of the information products and services in the libraries. Various promotional tools use in marketing of information product and services in the library were identified by the study in. Library resources and services that are available for marketing was also identified. The prospect of marketing information product and services in the libraries includes, improve library services, improve the economic base of the library, create value, make the library profession known, brings about sustainability, improves patronage/usability and encouraged feed back. The study reveals that challenges facing the marketing of information product and services includes, Inadequate budgetary allocations for library services, Non-automation of library operations, Irregular power supply, Inadequate infrastructure, Understaffing, Low computer literacy among staff, Lack of professional training in marketing, Limited media access, Death of library materials to market, lack of marketing policy. Based on the finding the study recommended that, Library should look inward and take advantage of fee-based library services to augment inadequate budgetary allocation coming to them for effective library services. Also, Library should as matter of urgency automate their library and make it functional to attract good number of users once marketing is done.

This research paper is a historical analysis of repair and maintenance purchases for the Corporation of Science and Technology for the Development of the Naval, Maritime and Fluvial Industry - COTECMAR. More precisely, to the projects from Planta Bocagrande. This analysis, searches for aspects to reduce the uncertainty gap in the purchases, through strategic measures, which facilitate the procurement process. The research model is based on the historical data analysis from purchases between 2015 and 2020. It also applies the ABC-XYZ classification, the Kraljic matrix and the criticality levels of the products. The research presents conclusions and recommendations according to the results from the classification and selection of the most relevant materials or products within the purchasing group, chosen following Pareto's law. Considering that the repair and maintenance business line is a market with high uncertainty and variability, adequate planning is required to improve the competitiveness of the services provided to regional shipyards, as a sample of the effectiveness of the capabilities developed by the Colombian shipbuilding industry., Este documento de investigación se presenta como un análisis del comportamiento histórico de compras en los proyectos de reparación y mantenimiento en la Corporación de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo de la Industria Naval, Marítima y Fluvial – COTECMAR, más específicamente para los ejecutados en la Planta de Bocagrande. El anterior análisis, se centra en la búsqueda de aspectos que reduzcan la brecha de incertidumbre en las compras, mediante estrategias que faciliten la planeación de las compras. El modelo de investigación está basado en el análisis histórico de las compras por medio de la clasificación de los grupos y productos adquiridos en el periodo de 2015 hasta el 2020 teniendo en cuenta la clasificación ABC-XYZ, la matriz de Kraljic y los niveles de criticidad de los productos. La investigación presenta conclusiones y recomendaciones acordes a los resultados obtenidos a partir de la clasificación y selección de los materiales o productos más relevantes dentro del grupo de compras, escogidos siguiendo la ley de Pareto. Teniendo en cuenta que la línea de negocio de reparación y mantenimiento es un mercado que presenta alta incertidumbre y variabilidad, se requiere una adecuada planeación que permitan mejorar la competitividad de los servicios prestados frente a los astilleros regionales, como muestra de la efectividad de las capacidades desarrolladas por la industria astillera Colombiana.

Shrimp packing companies in the province of El Oro are essential for adding value to products and promoting international trade in the country. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of the value chain on the production and marketing of shrimp products by analyzing the international market. The methodology implemented was qualitative and quantitative, with a qualitative approach that included descriptions of the tastes and preferences of the product to be marketed, and quantitative, since the variables described were weighted with numerical values to obtain a more detailed view of the variables. The results of the study showed that the factors in favor of the packing houses were the price of the product and the international relations that the country has to be able to export; as for the negative gaps such as the equipment and technology that the packing houses have, this limits the capacity to develop a variety of products to market. Finally, by contrasting with other authors, it was demonstrated that it is fundamental to have developed equipment in the companies that allow the R&D departments to promote and variety in their products. The conclusions establish that the shrimp sector contributes significantly to the Ecuadorian economy; however, the lack of technological investment limits the packing companies, and what should be emphasized are the international relations that exist to be able to export to new markets., Las empresas empacadoras de camarón de la provincia de El Oro, son fundamentales para dar valor agregado a los productos y promover en el país el comercio internacional. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia de la cadena de valor en la producción y comercialización de productos derivados del camarón mediante el análisis del mercado internacional. La metodología que se implementó es con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, en lo que respecta al enfoque cualitativo se realizaron descripciones sobre los gustos y preferencias del producto a comercializar, y en sentido cuantitativo, ya que, dichas variables descritas fueron ponderadas con valores numéricos para tener una visión más detallada sobre las variables. Los resultados del estudio evidenciaron que los factores a favor que tuvieron las empacadoras fueron el precio del producto y las relaciones internacionales que tiene el país para poder exportar, en cuanto a las brechas negativas como el quipo y tecnología que poseen las empacadoras, esto limita la capacidad para desarrollar variedad de productos para comercializar. Finalmente, mediante un contraste con otros autores se demostró que es fundamental tener equipos desarrollados en las empresas que permiten fomentar a los departamentos de I+D y variedad en sus productos. Las conclusiones establecen que el sector camaronero aporta significativamente en la economía ecuatoriana, sin embargo, la falta de inversión tecnológica limita a las empresas empacadoras, lo que hay que destacar son las relaciones internacionales que existen para poder exportar en nuevos mercados.

Amul is derived from the Sanskrit word "Amulya," which means valuable or priceless. This paper examines how the dairy product company has reached the level of excellence as one of the leading corporate players. It all began 75 years ago when impoverished farmers with little cattle banded together to establish a rural dairy organization. The fundamental purpose has been emphasized with a quick summary of the practices responsible for the brand's extraordinary development and success (Carroll & Shabana, 2010). Implementation of solid marketing and ethical tactics will be the focus of this study about the management of this enormous endeavor to become Asia's biggest dairy products producer. The progressive work of Amul inspired India's "White Revolution" by improving the lives of rural people in order to increase output and meet the rising demand for healthy, nutritious food in society. This also focuses on the company's innovative advertising and the brief description of the high-quality standards mantras responsible for the company's phenomenal growth and success. The company was concerned with dairy farmers and product consumers as the nation battled to contain the covid virus-19 pandemic (Uddin et al., 2020). During the lockdown, most dairy product companies decided to reduce media spending, but Amul continued to promote its brand by educating the public about the importance of covid-19 guidelines. Amul chose to alter its marketing techniques by forming its cooperative organization, which became a turning point in the dairy growth program for the nation. Amul's establishment of eco-friendly operations to meet growing demand and achieve more success is contingent on the company's motivated and devoted employees in producing safe foods and goods. The dairy company's growth concerning other dairy products occurred despite its exposure to several difficulties and formidable market competition. The tenacity and labor of poor farmers and livestock owners enabled them

El present article valora exactament l’evolució que hi ha hagut, en aquest període de temps, en els tres camps clau per al desenvolupament d’un mercat central: l’oferta (nombre d’operadors), la demanda (tipologia de compradors) i el producte (procedència). I ho fa, per fer-ho més entenedor, a través de tres quadres que, de forma esglaonada en el temps, deixen constància de com s’han produït aquests canvis en el marc d’una plataforma privilegiada on coincideixen habitualment els compradors i els venedors de producte fresc. La concentració empresarial del sector majorista i la seva adequació a tots els perfils de compradors creiem que responen a la baula necessària per aquest sector agroalimentari. I s’explica el perquè dels canvis a través del paper del gran protagonisme de tots ells, que no és altre que el consumidor. La seva quotidiana compra de producte fresc marca el que es ven i el que no, on es fa i on no, perquè les seves preferències van decantant productes i orígens que es venen i establiments, que acaben obrint més punts de venda o, al contrari, els acaben tancant.La implacable llei de l’oferta i la demanda agafa tota la seva força en la relació entre el productor/majorista/detallista i el consumidor. El consumidor penalitza i/o premia el producte venut en la botiga més adequada. Fins i tot l’anàlisi de totes aquestes dades podria ser, de ben segur, duta a terme per sociòlegs que hi trobarien explicacions de molt d’interès. Cinquanta anys és un bon període per seure i repassar aquesta petita part de la història d’aquest sector per qui ha estat en un lloc privilegiat i vol aportar en aquest escrit tot el que ha après, amb la màxima transparència en totes les xifres i els comentaris expressats., This paper looks at the evolution which has taken place over the last fifty years in three fields of key importance for the development of a central market: the supply (the number of operators), the demand (the typology of buyers), and products (their origin). In order to enhance the understanding of these aspects, they are presented in three tables which highlight exactly how the respective changes have occurred over time within the framework of the market, an important facility where buyers and sellers meet to deal in fresh food products. We consider that the concentration of the wholesale sector in this facility and the suitable adaptation of its operators to all profiles of buyers form an essential link in the circuit of our agri-food industry. Likewise, we explain the changes which have come about on the basis of the outstanding role played by consumers. Indeed, the daily purchase of fresh products by consumers determines what is and what is not sold, as well as where the products are and are not produced, because consumers’ preferences are the determining factor as to which products and origins are sold, and as to whether establishments for their sale are opened or closed. The implacable law of supply and demand applies in all its force to the relation between producers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Consumers penalise or reward the products depending on whether they are sold or not in the most suitable establishments. It may be noted that the figures presented here could be profitably assessed by sociologists, who would doubtless reach some very interesting conclusions on the basis of their study. Fifty years is a very suitable period for partly reviewing the history of the sector on the part of someone who has had the privilege of working in a place of capital importance and who wishes to present all the essential figures together with a set of conclusions expressed in very clear terms.

Due to the Covid 19 pandemic, the world economy had to reconfigure itself more than anything in Latin American countries, used to liv-ing in most cases from day to day, and where technology is used for other activities, less that in the commercial sector and Ecuador as a country does not escape this situation. The methodology used for this research work focuses on a methodology oriented towards the need to investigate a situation precisely and coherently. Framed within a documentary-type bibliographical review, since we are going to deal with issues raised at a theoretical level, such as Entrepreneurship Strategies during the pandemic. Ecuador case. The technique for data collection is made up of printed, audiovisual and electronic materials, the latter such as Google Scholar, PubMed, among others. The information obtained here will be reviewed for further analysis. As has been read in the course of this investigation, the arrival of the Covid 19 pandemic shook the foundations of the world economy, as a consequence of the isolation imposed on society to avoid, reduce and control infections caused by the virus, restricting commercial activities in important sectors such as tourism, aviation, leisure and recre-ation, and allowing commercial activities to continue due to their strategic importance such as the health and food sectors. In this section, the most developed economies and with economic growth and quality of life of their citizens, the impacts were not so drastic, not so in Latin American economies, accustomed in some cases to the subsistence of their citizens on a day-to-day basis. The Ecuadorian case does not escape this, it is a country that generally has high levels of entrepreneurship per year, however, not all of them manage to stay in time, since entrepreneurship also requires knowledge of how to run a business, and the statistics reflect that in ecuador it is undertaken to live and help family, rather than to generate another type of added value. In t, Devido à pandemia de Covid 19, a economia mundial teve de se reconfigurar mais do que tudo nos países da América Latina, habituada a viver na maioria dos casos de dia para dia, e onde a tecnologia é utilizada para outras actividades, menos do que no sector comercial e o Equador como país não escapa a esta situação. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho de investigação centra-se numa meto-dologia orientada para a necessidade de investigar uma situação de forma precisa e coerente. Enquadrada numa revisão bibliográfica de tipo documental, uma vez que vamos tratar de questões levantadas a nível teórico, tais como Estratégias Empresariais durante a pandemia. O caso do Equador. A técnica de recolha de dados é constituída por material impresso, audiovisual e electrónico, este último como o Google Scholar, PubMed, entre outros. A informação aqui obtida será revista para uma análise mais aprofundada. Como foi lido no decurso desta investigação, a chegada da pandemia de Covid 19 abalou as bases da economia mundial, como consequência do isolamento imposto à sociedade para evitar, reduzir e controlar as infecções causadas pelo vírus, restringindo as actividades comerciais em sectores importantes como o turismo, aviação, lazer e recreação, e permitindo a continuação das actividades comerciais devido à sua importância estratégica, tais como os sectores da saúde e alimentação. Nesta secção, as economias mais desenvolvidas e com o crescimento económico e qualidade de vida dos seus cidadãos, os impactos não foram tão drásticos, não tanto nas economias latino--americanas, habituadas em alguns casos à subsistência dos seus cidadãos no dia-a-dia. O caso equatoriano não escapa a isto, é um país que geralmente tem elevados níveis de empreendedorismo por ano, no entanto, nem todos conseguem manter-se no tempo, uma vez que o empreendedorismo também requer conhecimento de como gerir um negócio, e as estatísticas reflectem que no Equador se empreende viver e ajudar a família, em vez de, A causa de la pandemia de la Covid 19 la economía a nivel mundial, tuvo que reconfigurarse más que todo en los países latinoamericanos, acostumbrados a vivir en la mayoría de los casos al día, y en donde la tecnología es utilizada para otras actividades, menos que en el sector comercial y Ecuador como país no escapo a esa situación. La metodología utilizada para el presente trabajo de investigación, se enfoca hacia una metodología orientada hacia la necesidad de indagar en forma precisa y coherente una situación. Enmarcada dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental, ya que nos vamos a ocupar de temas planteados a nivel teórico como es Estrategias de emprendimiento durante la pandemia. Caso Ecuador. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales impresos, audiovisuales y electrónicos, estos últimos como Google Académico, PubMed, entre otros. La información aquí obtenida será revisada para su posterior análisis. Como se ha podido leer en el transcurso de la presente investigación, la llegada de la pandemia de la Covid 19, estremeció los cimientos de la economía mundial, como consecuencia de los aislamientos impuestos a la sociedad para evitar, disminuir y controlar los contagios ocasionados por el virus, restringiendo las actividades comerciales en sectores importantes como el turismo, aviación, ocio y recreación, y dejan hacer vida a actividades comerciales debido a su importancia estratégicas como los sectores de la salud y alimentación. En este apartado las economías más desarrolladas y con crecimientos económicos y calidades de vida de sus ciudadanos los impactos no fueron tan drásticos, no así en las economías latinoamericanas, acostumbradas en algunos casos a la subsistencia de sus ciudadanos en el día a día. El caso ecuatoriano no escapo de ello, es un país que generalmente tiene altos niveles de emprendimientos al año, sin embargo, no todos logran mantenerse en el tiempo, ya que emprender también requiere de conocimientos

Due to the Covid 19 pandemic, the world economy had to reconfigure itself more than anything in Latin American countries, used to liv-ing in most cases from day to day, and where technology is used for other activities, less that in the commercial sector and Ecuador as a country does not escape this situation. The methodology used for this research work focuses on a methodology oriented towards the need to investigate a situation precisely and coherently. Framed within a documentary-type bibliographical review, since we are going to deal with issues raised at a theoretical level, such as Entrepreneurship Strategies during the pandemic. Ecuador case. The technique for data collection is made up of printed, audiovisual and electronic materials, the latter such as Google Scholar, PubMed, among others. The information obtained here will be reviewed for further analysis. As has been read in the course of this investigation, the arrival of the Covid 19 pandemic shook the foundations of the world economy, as a consequence of the isolation imposed on society to avoid, reduce and control infections caused by the virus, restricting commercial activities in important sectors such as tourism, aviation, leisure and recre-ation, and allowing commercial activities to continue due to their strategic importance such as the health and food sectors. In this section, the most developed economies and with economic growth and quality of life of their citizens, the impacts were not so drastic, not so in Latin American economies, accustomed in some cases to the subsistence of their citizens on a day-to-day basis. The Ecuadorian case does not escape this, it is a country that generally has high levels of entrepreneurship per year, however, not all of them manage to stay in time, since entrepreneurship also requires knowledge of how to run a business, and the statistics reflect that in ecuador it is undertaken to live and help family, rather than to generate another type of added value. In t, Devido à pandemia de Covid 19, a economia mundial teve de se reconfigurar mais do que tudo nos países da América Latina, habituada a viver na maioria dos casos de dia para dia, e onde a tecnologia é utilizada para outras actividades, menos do que no sector comercial e o Equador como país não escapa a esta situação. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho de investigação centra-se numa meto-dologia orientada para a necessidade de investigar uma situação de forma precisa e coerente. Enquadrada numa revisão bibliográfica de tipo documental, uma vez que vamos tratar de questões levantadas a nível teórico, tais como Estratégias Empresariais durante a pandemia. O caso do Equador. A técnica de recolha de dados é constituída por material impresso, audiovisual e electrónico, este último como o Google Scholar, PubMed, entre outros. A informação aqui obtida será revista para uma análise mais aprofundada. Como foi lido no decurso desta investigação, a chegada da pandemia de Covid 19 abalou as bases da economia mundial, como consequência do isolamento imposto à sociedade para evitar, reduzir e controlar as infecções causadas pelo vírus, restringindo as actividades comerciais em sectores importantes como o turismo, aviação, lazer e recreação, e permitindo a continuação das actividades comerciais devido à sua importância estratégica, tais como os sectores da saúde e alimentação. Nesta secção, as economias mais desenvolvidas e com o crescimento económico e qualidade de vida dos seus cidadãos, os impactos não foram tão drásticos, não tanto nas economias latino--americanas, habituadas em alguns casos à subsistência dos seus cidadãos no dia-a-dia. O caso equatoriano não escapa a isto, é um país que geralmente tem elevados níveis de empreendedorismo por ano, no entanto, nem todos conseguem manter-se no tempo, uma vez que o empreendedorismo também requer conhecimento de como gerir um negócio, e as estatísticas reflectem que no Equador se empreende viver e ajudar a família, em vez de, A causa de la pandemia de la Covid 19 la economía a nivel mundial, tuvo que reconfigurarse más que todo en los países latinoamericanos, acostumbrados a vivir en la mayoría de los casos al día, y en donde la tecnología es utilizada para otras actividades, menos que en el sector comercial y Ecuador como país no escapo a esa situación. La metodología utilizada para el presente trabajo de investigación, se enfoca hacia una metodología orientada hacia la necesidad de indagar en forma precisa y coherente una situación. Enmarcada dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental, ya que nos vamos a ocupar de temas planteados a nivel teórico como es Estrategias de emprendimiento durante la pandemia. Caso Ecuador. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales impresos, audiovisuales y electrónicos, estos últimos como Google Académico, PubMed, entre otros. La información aquí obtenida será revisada para su posterior análisis. Como se ha podido leer en el transcurso de la presente investigación, la llegada de la pandemia de la Covid 19, estremeció los cimientos de la economía mundial, como consecuencia de los aislamientos impuestos a la sociedad para evitar, disminuir y controlar los contagios ocasionados por el virus, restringiendo las actividades comerciales en sectores importantes como el turismo, aviación, ocio y recreación, y dejan hacer vida a actividades comerciales debido a su importancia estratégicas como los sectores de la salud y alimentación. En este apartado las economías más desarrolladas y con crecimientos económicos y calidades de vida de sus ciudadanos los impactos no fueron tan drásticos, no así en las economías latinoamericanas, acostumbradas en algunos casos a la subsistencia de sus ciudadanos en el día a día. El caso ecuatoriano no escapo de ello, es un país que generalmente tiene altos niveles de emprendimientos al año, sin embargo, no todos logran mantenerse en el tiempo, ya que emprender también requiere de conocimientos

Due to the Covid 19 pandemic, the world economy had to reconfigure itself more than anything in Latin American countries, used to liv-ing in most cases from day to day, and where technology is used for other activities, less that in the commercial sector and Ecuador as a country does not escape this situation. The methodology used for this research work focuses on a methodology oriented towards the need to investigate a situation precisely and coherently. Framed within a documentary-type bibliographical review, since we are going to deal with issues raised at a theoretical level, such as Entrepreneurship Strategies during the pandemic. Ecuador case. The technique for data collection is made up of printed, audiovisual and electronic materials, the latter such as Google Scholar, PubMed, among others. The information obtained here will be reviewed for further analysis. As has been read in the course of this investigation, the arrival of the Covid 19 pandemic shook the foundations of the world economy, as a consequence of the isolation imposed on society to avoid, reduce and control infections caused by the virus, restricting commercial activities in important sectors such as tourism, aviation, leisure and recre-ation, and allowing commercial activities to continue due to their strategic importance such as the health and food sectors. In this section, the most developed economies and with economic growth and quality of life of their citizens, the impacts were not so drastic, not so in Latin American economies, accustomed in some cases to the subsistence of their citizens on a day-to-day basis. The Ecuadorian case does not escape this, it is a country that generally has high levels of entrepreneurship per year, however, not all of them manage to stay in time, since entrepreneurship also requires knowledge of how to run a business, and the statistics reflect that in ecuador it is undertaken to live and help family, rather than to generate another type of added value. In t, Devido à pandemia de Covid 19, a economia mundial teve de se reconfigurar mais do que tudo nos países da América Latina, habituada a viver na maioria dos casos de dia para dia, e onde a tecnologia é utilizada para outras actividades, menos do que no sector comercial e o Equador como país não escapa a esta situação. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho de investigação centra-se numa meto-dologia orientada para a necessidade de investigar uma situação de forma precisa e coerente. Enquadrada numa revisão bibliográfica de tipo documental, uma vez que vamos tratar de questões levantadas a nível teórico, tais como Estratégias Empresariais durante a pandemia. O caso do Equador. A técnica de recolha de dados é constituída por material impresso, audiovisual e electrónico, este último como o Google Scholar, PubMed, entre outros. A informação aqui obtida será revista para uma análise mais aprofundada. Como foi lido no decurso desta investigação, a chegada da pandemia de Covid 19 abalou as bases da economia mundial, como consequência do isolamento imposto à sociedade para evitar, reduzir e controlar as infecções causadas pelo vírus, restringindo as actividades comerciais em sectores importantes como o turismo, aviação, lazer e recreação, e permitindo a continuação das actividades comerciais devido à sua importância estratégica, tais como os sectores da saúde e alimentação. Nesta secção, as economias mais desenvolvidas e com o crescimento económico e qualidade de vida dos seus cidadãos, os impactos não foram tão drásticos, não tanto nas economias latino--americanas, habituadas em alguns casos à subsistência dos seus cidadãos no dia-a-dia. O caso equatoriano não escapa a isto, é um país que geralmente tem elevados níveis de empreendedorismo por ano, no entanto, nem todos conseguem manter-se no tempo, uma vez que o empreendedorismo também requer conhecimento de como gerir um negócio, e as estatísticas reflectem que no Equador se empreende viver e ajudar a família, em vez de, A causa de la pandemia de la Covid 19 la economía a nivel mundial, tuvo que reconfigurarse más que todo en los países latinoamericanos, acostumbrados a vivir en la mayoría de los casos al día, y en donde la tecnología es utilizada para otras actividades, menos que en el sector comercial y Ecuador como país no escapo a esa situación. La metodología utilizada para el presente trabajo de investigación, se enfoca hacia una metodología orientada hacia la necesidad de indagar en forma precisa y coherente una situación. Enmarcada dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental, ya que nos vamos a ocupar de temas planteados a nivel teórico como es Estrategias de emprendimiento durante la pandemia. Caso Ecuador. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales impresos, audiovisuales y electrónicos, estos últimos como Google Académico, PubMed, entre otros. La información aquí obtenida será revisada para su posterior análisis. Como se ha podido leer en el transcurso de la presente investigación, la llegada de la pandemia de la Covid 19, estremeció los cimientos de la economía mundial, como consecuencia de los aislamientos impuestos a la sociedad para evitar, disminuir y controlar los contagios ocasionados por el virus, restringiendo las actividades comerciales en sectores importantes como el turismo, aviación, ocio y recreación, y dejan hacer vida a actividades comerciales debido a su importancia estratégicas como los sectores de la salud y alimentación. En este apartado las economías más desarrolladas y con crecimientos económicos y calidades de vida de sus ciudadanos los impactos no fueron tan drásticos, no así en las economías latinoamericanas, acostumbradas en algunos casos a la subsistencia de sus ciudadanos en el día a día. El caso ecuatoriano no escapo de ello, es un país que generalmente tiene altos niveles de emprendimientos al año, sin embargo, no todos logran mantenerse en el tiempo, ya que emprender también requiere de conocimientos

This paper summarizes chemical technologies aimed at making bulking fibres, a technology mainly practiced in the area of tissue and hygiene products but also highly relevant for board products made by sheet stratification containing bulking layers in the middle of the board in order to improve the bending stiffness of the board. There is a long history of different ways to make bulking fibres albeit the fact that such technologies have scarcely been used for commercial stratified board (apart from a variety of different pulp types), but more in tissue and hygiene products. The objective is to review the very different approaches that may be used for the purpose of making bulking fibres., QC 20221027

Biodegradable polymers complement recyclable materials in battling plastic waste because some products are difficult to recycle and some will end up in the environment either because of their application or due to wear of the products. Natural biopolymers, such as cellulose, are inherently biodegradable, but chemical modification typically required for the obtainment of thermoplastic properties, solubility, or other desired material properties can hinder or even prevent the biodegradation process. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the degradation of common cellulose derivatives in different laboratory, natural, and man-made environments. Depending on the environment, the degradation can be solely biodegradation or a combination of several processes, such as chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, photodegradation, and oxidation. It is clear that the type of modification and especially the degree of substitution are important factors controlling the degradation process of cellulose derivatives in combination with the degradation environment. The big variation of conditions in different environments is also briefly considered as well as the importance of the proper testing environment, characterization of the degradation process, and confirmation of biodegradability. To ensure full sustainability of the new cellulose derivatives under development, the expected end-of-life scenario, whether material recycling or "biological"recycling, should be included as an important design parameter., QC 20230612