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Natural hazards cannot be avoided, but their damage to what human beings value, such as life, health, and property, can be limited. Climate change will increase extreme weather events and overall disaster risk, which will particularly affect Least Developed Countries. Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into development planning, the systematic integration of information stemming from risk assessments into all sectors is a recognised means to protect a country’s development gains. But despite acknowledgement and recognition through international agreements, efforts to integrate this information remain limited due to barriers of various types. The present study investigates the barriers and opportunities to mainstream DRR into communal development plans in Burundi focusing on the agricultural and educational sectors. Burundi, a country in East Africa, is frequently affected by different disasters that undermine the country’s ability to sustainably develop its economy and society. This qualitative study used mixed methods but was primarily based on 36 semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that most barriers and opportunities for risk-informed planning are tied to institutional arrangements. These can be clustered in legislation, finance, information, technology, knowledge and expertise as well as socio-political conditions and dynamics that shape disaster risks. The study concludes that to understand barriers to integration, it is essential to consider them as interlinked across different sectors, governance levels and planning phases which are influenced by underlying power dynamics between stakeholders involved. A holistic approach is recommended to address the complex system of institutional barriers and yield opportunities to protect the development process.

[EN] This paper contains the fundamentals and a comparison of different alternatives in the context of risk-informed surveillance requirements that consider the full effects of implementing the maintenance rule. A case study is included to demonstrate the performance of the different alternatives, which focus on a motor-operated valve and make use of an Ageing PRA to quantify the effect of component ageing, test and maintenance effectiveness on equipment RAM and its impact on risk. The results show that the alternative that simultaneously harmonises surveillance requirements and maintenance activities provides the best results in terms of RAM and risk in a context of equipment ageing and obsolescence. However, they also show that measures other than simply readjusting surveillance testing and maintenance intervals should be explored in case of technical obsolescence, as this has a strong impact on maintenance effectiveness, which may require, for example, an obsolescence management program to be applied.

[EN] This paper contains the fundamentals and a comparison of different alternatives in the context of risk-informed surveillance requirements that consider the full effects of implementing the maintenance rule. A case study is included to demonstrate the performance of the different alternatives, which focus on a motor-operated valve and make use of an Ageing PRA to quantify the effect of component ageing, test and maintenance effectiveness on equipment RAM and its impact on risk. The results show that the alternative that simultaneously harmonises surveillance requirements and maintenance activities provides the best results in terms of RAM and risk in a context of equipment ageing and obsolescence. However, they also show that measures other than simply readjusting surveillance testing and maintenance intervals should be explored in case of technical obsolescence, as this has a strong impact on maintenance effectiveness, which may require, for example, an obsolescence management program to be applied.

[EN] This paper contains the fundamentals and a comparison of different alternatives in the context of risk-informed surveillance requirements that consider the full effects of implementing the maintenance rule. A case study is included to demonstrate the performance of the different alternatives, which focus on a motor-operated valve and make use of an Ageing PRA to quantify the effect of component ageing, test and maintenance effectiveness on equipment RAM and its impact on risk. The results show that the alternative that simultaneously harmonises surveillance requirements and maintenance activities provides the best results in terms of RAM and risk in a context of equipment ageing and obsolescence. However, they also show that measures other than simply readjusting surveillance testing and maintenance intervals should be explored in case of technical obsolescence, as this has a strong impact on maintenance effectiveness, which may require, for example, an obsolescence management program to be applied.

This paper presents an approach and an example of application for the evaluation of risk impact of changes to Completion Times within the License Basis of a Nuclear Power Plant based on the use of the Probabilistic Risk Assessment addressing identification, treatment and analysis of uncertainties in an integrated manner. It allows full development of a three tired approach (Tier 1-3) following the principles of the risk-informed decision-making accounting for uncertainties as proposed by many regulators. Completion Time is the maximum outage time a safety related equipment is allowed to be down, e.g. for corrective maintenance, which is established within the Limiting Conditions for Operation included into Technical Specifications for operation of a Nuclear Power Plant. The case study focuses on a Completion Time change of the Accumulators System of a Nuclear Power Plant using a level 1 PRA. It focuses on several sources of model and parameter uncertainties. The results obtained show the risk impact of the proposed a change including both types of epistemic uncertainties is small as compared with current safety goals of concern to Tier 1. However, what concerns to Tier 2 and 3, the results obtained show how the use of some traditional and uncertainty importance measures helps in identifying high risky configurations that should be avoided in NPP technical specifications no matter the duration of CT (Tier 2), and other configurations that could take part of a configuration risk management program (Tier 3).

This paper presents an approach and an example of application for the evaluation of risk impact of changes to Completion Times within the License Basis of a Nuclear Power Plant based on the use of the Probabilistic Risk Assessment addressing identification, treatment and analysis of uncertainties in an integrated manner. It allows full development of a three tired approach (Tier 1-3) following the principles of the risk-informed decision-making accounting for uncertainties as proposed by many regulators. Completion Time is the maximum outage time a safety related equipment is allowed to be down, e.g. for corrective maintenance, which is established within the Limiting Conditions for Operation included into Technical Specifications for operation of a Nuclear Power Plant. The case study focuses on a Completion Time change of the Accumulators System of a Nuclear Power Plant using a level 1 PRA. It focuses on several sources of model and parameter uncertainties. The results obtained show the risk impact of the proposed a change including both types of epistemic uncertainties is small as compared with current safety goals of concern to Tier 1. However, what concerns to Tier 2 and 3, the results obtained show how the use of some traditional and uncertainty importance measures helps in identifying high risky configurations that should be avoided in NPP technical specifications no matter the duration of CT (Tier 2), and other configurations that could take part of a configuration risk management program (Tier 3).