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The implementation of intrapreneurship in organizations has helped them to respond promptly to market changes, ensuring their survival and progress. In this perspective, this research analyzes the magnitude of the influence of intrapreneurial experiences on Competitive Advantage (CA) and Innovation (IN) and vice versa, by applying Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PSL-SEM). This method consists of two phases: verification of the measurement model, in which the relationships between the constructs and the observable variables are validated; and investigation of the structural model, by evaluating the relationships between the constructs. The results show that Intrapreneurship has a magnitude of influence on IN of around 0.609 and on VC of around 0.184. On the other hand, IN has an influence on VC of around 0.409, confirming the main assumptions raised in the research literature., A implementação do Intraempreendedorismo nas organizações tem contribuído para que estas respondam prontamente às mudanças de mercado, garantindo a sobrevivência e o progresso das mesmas. Nessa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa analisa a magnitude da influência de experiências intraempreendedoras na Vantagem Competitiva (VC) e na Inovação (IN) e vice-versa, mediante a aplicação de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais-Modelagem de Equações de Estruturais (PSL-SEM). Este método é composto por duas fases: a verificação do modelo de mensuração, em que foram validadas as relações entre constructos e as variáveis observáveis; e a investigação do modelo estrutural, por meio da avaliação das relações entre os constructos. Os resultados demonstram que Intraempreendedorismo possui magnitude de influência sobre IN da ordem de 0,609 e sobre a VC na ordem de 0,184. Por outro lado, a IN exerce influência sobre a VC da ordem de 0,409, confirmando os principais pressupostos levantados na literatura pesquisada., La implantación del intrapreneurship en las organizaciones les ha ayudado a responder con prontitud a los cambios del mercado, garantizando su supervivencia y progreso. Desde esta perspectiva, esta investigación analiza la magnitud de la influencia de las experiencias intraemprendedoras sobre la Ventaja Competitiva (AC) y la Innovación (IN), y viceversa, aplicando Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PSL-SEM). Este método consta de dos fases: verificación del modelo de medida, en la que se validan las relaciones entre los constructos y las variables observables; e investigación del modelo estructural, mediante la evaluación de las relaciones entre los constructos. Los resultados muestran que Intrapreneurship tiene una magnitud de influencia sobre IN de alrededor de 0,609 y sobre VC de alrededor de 0,184. Por otra parte, el IN tiene una influencia sobre el VC de alrededor de 0,409, lo que confirma las principales hipótesis planteadas en la literatura de investigación.

Nowadays, there is a trend that creates individual car transport, which creates environmental burdens and congestion, which is reflected in the time loss of all transport participants. It is therefore important to develop public passenger transport and support alternative transport modes that are environmentally friendly. The development of electromobility and creation of integrated passenger transport systems are opportunities to find new possibilities to improve public passenger transport and the exchange of rail passenger transport. The article deals with the use of new progressive scientific methods in the context of improving the quality of passenger rail transport and improving transport services. First, the main basic principles of transport services and passenger rail transport are defined, followed by a review of the literature, which is followed by the proposed scientific principles and context. Secondly, the practical application of the proposed issue is demonstrated on the Žilina – Rajec railway line., Článek se zabívá návrhem variantních jízdních řádu vlaků na trati Žilina-Rajec. V návrhech jsou použity různé metody na dosažení optimální dopravní obsluhy.

In this study, we focussed on designing and evaluating a learning tool for the research process in higher education. Mastering the research process seems to be a bottleneck within the academy. Therefore, there is a great need to offer students other ways to learn this skill in addition to books and lectures. The MethodViz tool supports ubiquitous aspects of the research process in their scientific works higher education students follow. Moreover, the tool facilitates and structures the process interactively. In this paper, we describe the creation process of the artefact and examine the characteristics and scope of MethodViz alongside the traits and ideas of design science research. The evaluation’s results are encouraging and show that MethodViz has the potential to improve students’ learning achievements., MetodVis

Hacia una arquitectura científica” de Yona Friedman nace para intentar reconciliar al arquitecto con la sociedad a través de la democratización de la arquitectura y el no-paternalismo del arquitecto. Publicado en 1971, el texto recoge la propuesta del Flatwriter, además demuestra una fascinación por los ordenadores y el mundo de la lógica y las matemáticas, intentando recoger sus teorías en un método científico; un sentimiento que parece estar creciendo en la actualidad con el auge de la arquitectura paramétrica. A través del análisis del Flatwriter de Yona Friedman se pretende una revisión de estas corrientes de pensamiento desarrolladas en los 70 con la intención de saber si estas teorías de empoderamiento del usuario, en su día consideradas utópicas, tienen cabida con los métodos gráficos y proyectuales que hoy día se encuentran a nuestra disposición. Conociendo el potencial de las herramientas informáticas en el panorama actual se plantea el uso de Rhinoceros+Grasshopper 3D para la creación de un repertorio, el trabajo se apoya en la teoría de grafos y matrices de adyacencia desarrolladas por Friedman y en herramientas de Diseño Generativo, para que cualquier usuario pueda elegir libremente buscando además, nuevas perspectivas sobre el papel del arquitecto en la sociedad.

The article deals with modern technologies of teaching foreign languages. The differentiation of the two components of the content of the term Technology of Teaching and Technology in Teaching and some teaching technologies are analyzed.

The article deals with modern technologies of teaching foreign languages. The differentiation of the two components of the content of the term Technology of Teaching and Technology in Teaching and some teaching technologies are analyzed.

The article deals with modern technologies of teaching foreign languages. The differentiation of the two components of the content of the term Technology of Teaching and Technology in Teaching and some teaching technologies are analyzed.

The article deals with modern technologies of teaching foreign languages. The differentiation of the two components of the content of the term Technology of Teaching and Technology in Teaching and some teaching technologies are analyzed.

The article deals with modern technologies of teaching foreign languages. The differentiation of the two components of the content of the term Technology of Teaching and Technology in Teaching and some teaching technologies are analyzed.

The article deals with modern technologies of teaching foreign languages. The differentiation of the two components of the content of the term Technology of Teaching and Technology in Teaching and some teaching technologies are analyzed.

The paper aims to explore the relationships between ‘ethical systems’ and ‘systems of values’, offering also semantic and epistemological issues from which ethics cannot be divorced. Although ethics is a branch of philosophy that has its roots in ancient Greece, it experienced a remarkable revival in recent decades not only in philosophy but also in the social and applied sciences. And this deserves wider recognition and appreciation. A considerable amount of ethical thinking can be found in the current and previous literature of economia aziendale, entity economics, general economics, management, and social philosophy. Ethical principles are coextensive with principles of rational behavior and all ethics are contextual in the sense that surrounding circumstances, environmental conditions and situations are involved.The reference to science and mathematics for ethical arguments partially depends on methodology based on a postulated outside ‘natural world’ with statistical relative uniformities. Behavioral economists and management scientists prefer, as primitive foundations, scientific methods with their observations and prediction of economic and sociological relative regularities. The ‘received view’ that language itself conditions all aspects of reality includes now the topic that persuasion and rational arguments can support ‘ethical systems’. Realization of common welfare is a prerequisite for establishing a ‘master values system’ and for meeting the ‘specifics’ which compose ethical principles. The historical research and anthropological analysis are necessary for constructing suitable ‘system of values’ for every entity, economic and not.The coordination of specific ‘systems of values’ and directives is a necessary condition for social welfare. Consequently, any society must compose every kind of conflicting ‘values systems’ and ends into a coherent framework. Neoclassic economics traditionally neglected ‘environmental and social issues’. Different variatio

The article deals with modern technologies of teaching foreign languages. The differentiation of the two components of the content of the term Technology of Teaching and Technology in Teaching and some teaching technologies are analyzed.

The paper aims to explore the relationships between ‘ethical systems’ and ‘systems of values’, offering also semantic and epistemological issues from which ethics cannot be divorced. Although ethics is a branch of philosophy that has its roots in ancient Greece, it experienced a remarkable revival in recent decades not only in philosophy but also in the social and applied sciences. And this deserves wider recognition and appreciation. A considerable amount of ethical thinking can be found in the current and previous literature of economia aziendale, entity economics, general economics, management, and social philosophy. Ethical principles are coextensive with principles of rational behavior and all ethics are contextual in the sense that surrounding circumstances, environmental conditions and situations are involved.The reference to science and mathematics for ethical arguments partially depends on methodology based on a postulated outside ‘natural world’ with statistical relative uniformities. Behavioral economists and management scientists prefer, as primitive foundations, scientific methods with their observations and prediction of economic and sociological relative regularities. The ‘received view’ that language itself conditions all aspects of reality includes now the topic that persuasion and rational arguments can support ‘ethical systems’. Realization of common welfare is a prerequisite for establishing a ‘master values system’ and for meeting the ‘specifics’ which compose ethical principles. The historical research and anthropological analysis are necessary for constructing suitable ‘system of values’ for every entity, economic and not.The coordination of specific ‘systems of values’ and directives is a necessary condition for social welfare. Consequently, any society must compose every kind of conflicting ‘values systems’ and ends into a coherent framework. Neoclassic economics traditionally neglected ‘environmental and social issues’. Different variatio

Рецензия на книгу: Мясникова М. А. Телевидение как феномен культуры : учеб. пособие. — 2-е изд., стер. — Москва : ФЛИНТА ; Екатеринбург : Изд-во У рал. ун-та, 2020. — 140 с. Рецензия на второе издание учебного пособия М. А. Мясниковой «Телевидение как феномен культуры», которое вышло в 2020 г. в московском издательстве «Флинта» и предназначено для будущих специалистов в области журналистики и массовых коммуникаций., Review of: Myasnikova M. A. Television as a cultural phenomenon : a tutorial. — 2nd ed. — Moscow ; Ekaterinburg, 2020. — 140 p. The review was written for the second edition of the teaching manual by M. A. Myasnikova “Television as a cultural phenomenon”, published in 2020 at the Moscow publishing house “Flint”, designed for future journalists and experts in mass communication.

This article provides a state-of-the-art analysis of academic publications dealing with the relationships between the concepts giftedness/exceptional talents and subjectivity/ identity in the Colombian academic production. It is then compared to the international databases. Likewise, this work provides a pedagogical reflection analyzing the disciplines, methods and information sources, and identify some emerging categories: diversity, race studies, gender and bilingualism, reflections on diagnosis, and struggle to be recognized. These studies are predominantly of an analytical empirical nature and performed from the psychology. Finally, possible paths for research both in Colombia and internationally are set out based on the latest advances., Este artículo presenta un estado del arte de las publicaciones académicas sobre las relaciones de los conceptos superdotación/talentos excepcionales y subjetividad/identidad en la producción colombiana y se comparan con bases de datos internacionales.Se llevó a cabo una reflexión pedagógica que analizara disciplinas, métodos y fuentes de información,en la que se encontraron como categorías emergentes la diversidad,los estudios de raza,el género,el bilingüismo,las reflexiones sobre diagnosis y la lucha por el reconocimiento.En estos estudios predominó una mirada empírico-analítica hecha desde la psicología.Finalmente, se plantean algunos caminos posibles para las investigaciones en Colombia y en otros países,a partir de los últimos avances.

This article, aimed at students of different discursive genres, shows how the essay is useful to deliver objective, logical and effective reflections by reaching the heart of any topic, providing a concrete and precise response to a social, political, economic or human problem. The essay, which is a fundamental literary genre, consists in a tension between art and science. Because it is about having a personal and novel idea, the essay must be analyzed from an artistic approach; but it also adheres to a methodology with scientific bases. In this sense, the essay allows to open broad both academic and professional perspectives., El presente artículo, dirigido a estudiantes de diferentes géneros discursivos, muestra como el ensayo sirve para la presentación de una reflexión objetiva, lógica y eficaz, que alcanza el centro de un tema, aportando una respuesta concreta y precisa a un problema de orden social, político, económico y humano. Género literario por excelencia, el ensayo se encuentra en una tensión entre arte y ciencia. Arte, porque se trata de tener una idea personal, propia y novedosa; y ciencia porque obedece a una metodología con bases científicas. En este sentido, el ejercicio permite abrir amplias perspectivas tanto académicas como profesionales.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the known basic mathematical-statistical methods anddetermination of factors influencing the qualitative evaluation of the level of innovation potential of hotel enterprises.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the known basic mathematical-statistical methods anddetermination of factors influencing the qualitative evaluation of the level of innovation potential of hotel enterprises.

The paper reviews the monograph "Theory and Methods of Linguistic Analysis of Political Text" (execu-tive editor A.P. Chudinov, Ekaterinburg, 2016). The aim of the book under review is to determine the object, subject, theory and methodology of political linguistics, and its place among the interconnected disciplines., В статье представлена рецензия на монографию "Теория и методика лингвистического анализа политического текста", целью которой является определение методологии политической лингвистики и ее статуса в ряду смежных дисциплин.

The article investigates the lack of a generally accepted term for the concept of “educational research activity”, in particular, in the documents of the GEF NGO. It is suggested that formulating a structural model of the abstract concept of “educational research activity” will help to specify the appropriate term in order to provide the necessary guidelines for all participants of the educational process.In this study, 32 definitions of “educational research activity” belonging to 19 authors and 12 definitions of “scientific research activity” given by nine authors were analyzed, В статье рассматривается проблема отсутствия общепринятой формулировки понятия "учебно-исследовательская деятельность", в том числе в документах ФГОС ОО. Выдвигается предположение, что создание структурной модели абстрагированного понятия "учебно-исследовательская деятельность" поможет конкретизировать соответствующий термин с целью формирования необходимых ориентиров для всех участников образовательного процесса.

The article analyzed the laws of the United States and the Russian Federation in order to determine the key points of protecting the interests of minor children in the divorce of their parents. The purpose is a comparative examination of theoretical and practical problems of the implementation of child support obligations of parents in Russia and the United States. The authors used a combination of philosophical, general and private, scientific methods of cognition of theoretical and empirical material, considering historical, political, and national characteristics. The study has allowed identifying some significant problems., El artículo analizó las leyes de los Estados Unidos y la Federación de Rusia con el fin de determinar los puntos clave para proteger los intereses de los menores en el divorcio de sus padres. El propósito es un examen comparativo de los problemas teóricos y prácticos de la implementación de las obligaciones de manutención infantil de los padres en Rusia y los Estados Unidos. Los autores utilizaron una combinación de métodos filosóficos, científicos generales y científicos privados de cognición de material teórico y empírico, considerando características históricas, políticas y nacionales. El estudio ha permitido identificar algunos problemas importantes.

The article analyzed the laws of the United States and the Russian Federation in order to determine the key points of protecting the interests of minor children in the divorce of their parents. The purpose is a comparative examination of theoretical and practical problems of the implementation of child support obligations of parents in Russia and the United States. The authors used a combination of philosophical, general and private, scientific methods of cognition of theoretical and empirical material, considering historical, political, and national characteristics. The study has allowed identifying some significant problems., El artículo analizó las leyes de los Estados Unidos y la Federación de Rusia con el fin de determinar los puntos clave para proteger los intereses de los menores en el divorcio de sus padres. El propósito es un examen comparativo de los problemas teóricos y prácticos de la implementación de las obligaciones de manutención infantil de los padres en Rusia y los Estados Unidos. Los autores utilizaron una combinación de métodos filosóficos, científicos generales y científicos privados de cognición de material teórico y empírico, considerando características históricas, políticas y nacionales. El estudio ha permitido identificar algunos problemas importantes.

The article analyzed the laws of the United States and the Russian Federation in order to determine the key points of protecting the interests of minor children in the divorce of their parents. The purpose is a comparative examination of theoretical and practical problems of the implementation of child support obligations of parents in Russia and the United States. The authors used a combination of philosophical, general and private, scientific methods of cognition of theoretical and empirical material, considering historical, political, and national characteristics. The study has allowed identifying some significant problems., El artículo analizó las leyes de los Estados Unidos y la Federación de Rusia con el fin de determinar los puntos clave para proteger los intereses de los menores en el divorcio de sus padres. El propósito es un examen comparativo de los problemas teóricos y prácticos de la implementación de las obligaciones de manutención infantil de los padres en Rusia y los Estados Unidos. Los autores utilizaron una combinación de métodos filosóficos, científicos generales y científicos privados de cognición de material teórico y empírico, considerando características históricas, políticas y nacionales. El estudio ha permitido identificar algunos problemas importantes.

Att spå i framtiden har man sedan länge försökt. Och det har även skrivits böcker kring hur man kunde tänka sig den t.ex. Platons Staten och Mores Utopia. Numera försöker man med olika statistiska och matematiska modeller liksom politiska analyser göra så och kallar det prognoser. Detta är svårt. Och många olika faktorer spelar in: teknik, politik, samhällsutveckling, finans och zeitgeist påverkar. Ofta gör man extrapoleringar av tidigare utveckling enligt någon form av kurva:rak, S-formad. logaritmisk etc. Det hela kompliceras av både positiva faktorer i form av nya uppfinningar, ny teknik etc. men även negativa faktorer som t.ex. inom hälsa en ökande antibiotikaresistens, förekomst av droger, krig, korruption och inte minst vår inverkan på miljö i form av ökande utsläpp av ämnen som påverkar atmosfär, vatten och jord och kan ge allvarliga klimatstörningar, ökande havsnivåer etc.En annan osäkerhet är hur begränsade är våra tillgångar ? Tillgången till färskvatten är i detta sammanhang central. Sammanfattningsvis ett svårt ämne där vi dock för våra barnbarns framtid måste arbeta hårt för att påverka framtiden och tillskapa ett demokratiskt, hållbart, rättvist och öppet samhälle.

Att spå i framtiden har man sedan länge försökt. Och det har även skrivits böcker kring hur man kunde tänka sig den t.ex. Platons Staten och Mores Utopia. Numera försöker man med olika statistiska och matematiska modeller liksom politiska analyser göra så och kallar det prognoser. Detta är svårt. Och många olika faktorer spelar in: teknik, politik, samhällsutveckling, finans och zeitgeist påverkar. Ofta gör man extrapoleringar av tidigare utveckling enligt någon form av kurva:rak, S-formad. logaritmisk etc. Det hela kompliceras av både positiva faktorer i form av nya uppfinningar, ny teknik etc. men även negativa faktorer som t.ex. inom hälsa en ökande antibiotikaresistens, förekomst av droger, krig, korruption och inte minst vår inverkan på miljö i form av ökande utsläpp av ämnen som påverkar atmosfär, vatten och jord och kan ge allvarliga klimatstörningar, ökande havsnivåer etc.En annan osäkerhet är hur begränsade är våra tillgångar ? Tillgången till färskvatten är i detta sammanhang central. Sammanfattningsvis ett svårt ämne där vi dock för våra barnbarns framtid måste arbeta hårt för att påverka framtiden och tillskapa ett demokratiskt, hållbart, rättvist och öppet samhälle.

Att spå i framtiden har man sedan länge försökt. Och det har även skrivits böcker kring hur man kunde tänka sig den t.ex. Platons Staten och Mores Utopia. Numera försöker man med olika statistiska och matematiska modeller liksom politiska analyser göra så och kallar det prognoser. Detta är svårt. Och många olika faktorer spelar in: teknik, politik, samhällsutveckling, finans och zeitgeist påverkar. Ofta gör man extrapoleringar av tidigare utveckling enligt någon form av kurva:rak, S-formad. logaritmisk etc. Det hela kompliceras av både positiva faktorer i form av nya uppfinningar, ny teknik etc. men även negativa faktorer som t.ex. inom hälsa en ökande antibiotikaresistens, förekomst av droger, krig, korruption och inte minst vår inverkan på miljö i form av ökande utsläpp av ämnen som påverkar atmosfär, vatten och jord och kan ge allvarliga klimatstörningar, ökande havsnivåer etc.En annan osäkerhet är hur begränsade är våra tillgångar ? Tillgången till färskvatten är i detta sammanhang central. Sammanfattningsvis ett svårt ämne där vi dock för våra barnbarns framtid måste arbeta hårt för att påverka framtiden och tillskapa ett demokratiskt, hållbart, rättvist och öppet samhälle.

Att spå i framtiden har man sedan länge försökt. Och det har även skrivits böcker kring hur man kunde tänka sig den t.ex. Platons Staten och Mores Utopia. Numera försöker man med olika statistiska och matematiska modeller liksom politiska analyser göra så och kallar det prognoser. Detta är svårt. Och många olika faktorer spelar in: teknik, politik, samhällsutveckling, finans och zeitgeist påverkar. Ofta gör man extrapoleringar av tidigare utveckling enligt någon form av kurva:rak, S-formad. logaritmisk etc. Det hela kompliceras av både positiva faktorer i form av nya uppfinningar, ny teknik etc. men även negativa faktorer som t.ex. inom hälsa en ökande antibiotikaresistens, förekomst av droger, krig, korruption och inte minst vår inverkan på miljö i form av ökande utsläpp av ämnen som påverkar atmosfär, vatten och jord och kan ge allvarliga klimatstörningar, ökande havsnivåer etc.En annan osäkerhet är hur begränsade är våra tillgångar ? Tillgången till färskvatten är i detta sammanhang central. Sammanfattningsvis ett svårt ämne där vi dock för våra barnbarns framtid måste arbeta hårt för att påverka framtiden och tillskapa ett demokratiskt, hållbart, rättvist och öppet samhälle.

Att spå i framtiden har man sedan länge försökt. Och det har även skrivits böcker kring hur man kunde tänka sig den t.ex. Platons Staten och Mores Utopia. Numera försöker man med olika statistiska och matematiska modeller liksom politiska analyser göra så och kallar det prognoser. Detta är svårt. Och många olika faktorer spelar in: teknik, politik, samhällsutveckling, finans och zeitgeist påverkar. Ofta gör man extrapoleringar av tidigare utveckling enligt någon form av kurva:rak, S-formad. logaritmisk etc. Det hela kompliceras av både positiva faktorer i form av nya uppfinningar, ny teknik etc. men även negativa faktorer som t.ex. inom hälsa en ökande antibiotikaresistens, förekomst av droger, krig, korruption och inte minst vår inverkan på miljö i form av ökande utsläpp av ämnen som påverkar atmosfär, vatten och jord och kan ge allvarliga klimatstörningar, ökande havsnivåer etc.En annan osäkerhet är hur begränsade är våra tillgångar ? Tillgången till färskvatten är i detta sammanhang central. Sammanfattningsvis ett svårt ämne där vi dock för våra barnbarns framtid måste arbeta hårt för att påverka framtiden och tillskapa ett demokratiskt, hållbart, rättvist och öppet samhälle.

Reflexivity has become a buzz-word in the social sciences. In this article I provide a critical discussion of the concept of reflexivity and its use in qualitative social research in educational contexts. I argue that one of the dilemmas of a lot of literature on reflexivity in the social sciences is the frequent absence of a discussion of how academics’ aspirations to be reflexive in their research can be made accountable in academic practice. Based on the work of Alvin Gouldner I point to a different way of framing reflexivity in educational qualitative research that bridges the gap between theorising and practising reflexivity in the university and raises important questions about the implications of reflexivity or, of its lack. I thereby draw on extensive research on academic work and identity which I carried out in the UK and Chile based on qualitative interviews with academics. To conclude with, I suggest that discussions upon how to practise one’s aspirations to be a reflexive academic should depart from a collective analysis of the current structures of marketisation in higher education and how they may constrain reflexive academic practice in the university., A ‘reflexividade’ está de moda nas ciências sociais. Neste artigo ofereço uma discussão crítica do conceito de reflexividade e seu uso na pesquisa social qualitativa em contextos educativos. Argumento que um dos dilemas de uma grande quantidade de literatura sobre a reflexividade nas ciências sociais está radicado na frequente ausência de discussão que permita entender em que medida as aspirações reflexivas dos acadêmicos em suas pesquisas podem ser realizadas na prática acadêmica. Com base ao exposto por Alvin Gouldner, o artigo propõe uma maneira diferente de estabelecer a reflexividade na pesquisa qualitativa de maneira que sirva de ponte entre a teoria e a reflexividade na Universidade. Por outro lado propõe perguntas importantes sobre os envolvimentos da reflexividade ou, da ausência da mesma. Sobre a base de entrevistas qualitativas com acadêmicos, efetuadas no Reino Unido e no Chile, assinalo uma ampla pesquisa sobre o trabalho acadêmico e a identidade. Para concluir, sugiro que as discussões a respeito das aspirações para ser um(a) acadêmico(a) reflexivo(a) deveriam partir da análise coletiva das estruturas atuais da mercantilização da educação superior e da forma em que estas podem limitar a prática acadêmica reflexiva na universidade., La reflexividad se ha puesto de moda en las Ciencias Sociales. En este artículo ofrezco una discusión crítica del concepto de reflexividad y su uso en la investigación social cualitativa en contextos educativos. Argumento que uno de los dilemas en una gran cantidad de literatura sobre la materia radica en la frecuente ausencia de discusión que permita entender en qué medida las aspiraciones reflexivas de los académicos en sus investigaciones pueden llevarse a cabo en la práctica académica. Con base en lo expuesto por Alvin Gouldner, el artículo plantea una manera diferente de enmarcar la reflexividad en la investigación cualitativa, de modo que sirva de puente entre la teoría y la reflexividad en la universidad; asimismo, formula preguntas importantes sobre las implicaciones de la reflexividad o de su ausencia. Con fundamento en entrevistas cualitativas a académicos, efectuadas en el Reino Unido y Chile, señalo una amplia investigación acerca de la labor académica y la identidad. Para concluir, sugiero que las discusiones sobre la puesta en práctica de las aspiraciones para ser un(a) académico(a) reflexivo(a) deben partir del análisis colectivo de las estructuras actuales de la mercantilización de la educación superior y la forma en que estas pueden limitar la práctica académica reflexiva en la universidad., La réflexivité est en vogue dans les sciences sociales. Dans cet article on expose un débat critique du concept de réflexivité et son usage dans la recherche sociale qualitative dans les domaines éducatifs. On argumente qu’un des dilemmes d’une grande quantité de littérature par rapport à la réflexivité dans les sciences sociales se trouve dans la fréquente absence de débat qui nous permet de comprendre dans quelle mesure les aspirations réflexives des académiques dans leurs recherches ont un impact dans la pratique académique. Ayant de base l’exposé par Alvin Gouldner, l’article montre une manière différente de cadrer la réflexivité dans la recherche qualitative pour qu’elle puise servir de pont entre la théorie et la réflexivité à l’Université, de la même manière on expose les questions importantes sur les implications de la réflexivité ou de son absence. Sur la base d’entretiens qualitatives avec des académiques, qui ont été réalisées au Royaume-Uni, et au Chili, on signale un ample recherche par rapport au travail académique et l’identité. Enfin on conseille que les longues discutions sur la mise en pratique des aspirations pour devenir un/une académique réflexive doivent partir de l’analyse collective des structures actuelles du marché de l’éducation supérieure et la façon dont ces structures peuvent limiter la pratique académique réflexive à l’Université.

The improvement today of the educational systems emphasizes the need for scientific education, through its contribution to the formation of competent citizens, who can act reflectively on the increasing scientific and technology challenges. Scientific education’s new vision recognizes science as a human enterprise in a continuous process of construction, framed by the social, political, economic, and historical context, which has led to its evolution. This paper deals with the this theme and it emphasizes the need for clarification of ideas about the conception of science and scientific methods, as well as identifying some false visions of the science, which are still transmitted in the teaching of science., El perfeccionamiento de los sistemas educativos en la etapa actual de desarrollo social, insiste en la necesidad de renovación de la educación científica, por su contribución a la formación de ciudadanos competentes que puedan actuar reflexivamente ante los crecientes cambios científicos y tecnológicos. Esa nueva visión de la educación científica implica el reconocimiento de la ciencia como una empresa humana en continua construcción, en el marco de un contexto social, político, económico e histórico, que condiciona su evolución. Precisamente, este artículo aborda el tema planteado y enfatiza en la clarificación de las ideas acerca de la concepción de ciencia y método científico, así como de las visiones deformadas que aún se trasmiten desde la enseñanza de la ciencia escolar.

Specific research on the concept of psychology has indicated that one of its essential attributesis its scientific nature. Access to the concepts of science and the scientific method with a socialcollective approach facilitates understanding the cognitive representations of the assumptions thatunderlie and determine aspecific manner of performing an act.. We conducted this research with169 Psychology students and each received the Natural Semantic Networks. In-depth interviewsand questionnaire were used to clarify the science and scientific method foundations presented by students during three stages of their formation (beginning, middle and end). Respecto al métodocientífico, se destaca la incorporación de terminología específica y alusiones a procedimientosmetodológicos, según corrientes teóricas de la Psicología.The results show little variations of theconcept of science presenting a strong imprint/impronta of the traditional model. As concernsthe scientific method, the inclusion of specific terminology is underscored as well as referencesto methodological procedures, according to theoretical schools of thought on psychology. Theresearch provides conceptual elements to encourage the professors to think about how to teachskills in order to conduct research in the area of psychology., Las investigaciones específicas en torno a la concepción de la Psicología han indicado que uno de los atributos esenciales que se le asigna es su carácter científico. Acceder a las concepciones de ciencia y método científico que tienen un colectivo social posibilita aproximarnos a representaciones cognitivas con el objeto de comprender los supuestos que subyacen y determinan un hacer particular. Esta investigación la realizamos con 169 estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología, a los cuales se les administró Redes Semánticas Naturales. Para precisar las fundamentaciones que sobre ciencia y método científico presentan los alumnos durante tres momentos de su formación (al principio, a la mitad y al final) se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad y cuestionario. Los resultados muestran escasas variaciones del concepto ciencia, presentando una fuerte impronta del modelo tradicional. Respecto al método científico, se destaca la incorporación de terminología específica y alusiones a procedimientos metodológicos, según corrientes teóricas de la Psicología. La investigación aporta elementos conceptuales para favorecer la reflexión docente en torno a la enseñanza de las competencias en el área de la investigación en Psicología.

Specific research on the concept of psychology has indicated that one of its essential attributesis its scientific nature. Access to the concepts of science and the scientific method with a socialcollective approach facilitates understanding the cognitive representations of the assumptions thatunderlie and determine aspecific manner of performing an act.. We conducted this research with169 Psychology students and each received the Natural Semantic Networks. In-depth interviewsand questionnaire were used to clarify the science and scientific method foundations presented by students during three stages of their formation (beginning, middle and end). Respecto al métodocientífico, se destaca la incorporación de terminología específica y alusiones a procedimientosmetodológicos, según corrientes teóricas de la Psicología.The results show little variations of theconcept of science presenting a strong imprint/impronta of the traditional model. As concernsthe scientific method, the inclusion of specific terminology is underscored as well as referencesto methodological procedures, according to theoretical schools of thought on psychology. Theresearch provides conceptual elements to encourage the professors to think about how to teachskills in order to conduct research in the area of psychology., Las investigaciones específicas en torno a la concepción de la Psicología han indicado que uno de los atributos esenciales que se le asigna es su carácter científico. Acceder a las concepciones de ciencia y método científico que tienen un colectivo social posibilita aproximarnos a representaciones cognitivas con el objeto de comprender los supuestos que subyacen y determinan un hacer particular. Esta investigación la realizamos con 169 estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología, a los cuales se les administró Redes Semánticas Naturales. Para precisar las fundamentaciones que sobre ciencia y método científico presentan los alumnos durante tres momentos de su formación (al principio, a la mitad y al final) se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad y cuestionario. Los resultados muestran escasas variaciones del concepto ciencia, presentando una fuerte impronta del modelo tradicional. Respecto al método científico, se destaca la incorporación de terminología específica y alusiones a procedimientos metodológicos, según corrientes teóricas de la Psicología. La investigación aporta elementos conceptuales para favorecer la reflexión docente en torno a la enseñanza de las competencias en el área de la investigación en Psicología., As investigações específicas sobre a concepção da Psicologia indicam que um dos seus atributos essenciais é seu caráter científico. O acesso aos conceitos da ciência e do método científico com uma abordagem coletiva social facilitam a compreensão das representações cognitivas dos pressupostos que subjazem e determinam uma maneira específica de realizar um ato. O estudo foi realizado com 169 estudantes de Psicologia, e cada um recebeu as Redes Semânticas Naturais. Utilizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade e questionários para esclarecer os fundamentos da ciência e do método científico apresentados pelos alunos durante três estágios de sua formação (início, meio e fim). Os resultados mostram pouca variação do conceito da ciência, apresentando uma forte marca do modelo tradicional. Em relação ao método científico, destaca-se a incorporação da terminologia específica e as alusões aos procedimentos metodológicos, segundo correntes teóricas da Psicologia. O estudo fornece elementos conceituais para promover a reflexão do professor sobre o ensino de habilidades na área de pesquisa na Psicologia.

All too often, the critical importance of military theory either is not well understood or is completely ignored by many officers. A reason for this is their apparent lack of knowledge and understanding of the relationship between theory and practice and the real purpose of military theory. Many officers are also contemptuous of theory because they overemphasize the importance of technology. The purpose of theory is not to provide rules and regulations for action -- to prescribe a certain road that an officer should follow. Military theory should develop a way of thinking rather than prescribe rules of war. Clausewitz wrote that military theory is most valuable when it is used to analyze and critically assess all the components and elements of warfare. It then becomes a guide for anyone who wants to read about war. Theory prevents one from having to start fresh each time, plowing through material and then sorting out the pertinent details. A sound military theory is essential both for an understanding of past wars and for the successful conduct of a future war. It provides the badly needed broader and deeper framework for understanding the entire spectrum of warfare. Military theory is greatly affected by scientific theories of a certain era and their interpretation by leading philosophers. Since the turn of the 20th century, numerous scientific theories have emerged. They have been accompanied by a large number of diverse philosophic interpreters. Some of the new theories, such as general systems theory, are highly controversial and even pseudoscientific. Postmodern philosophy is also controversial, and it represents just one of many philosophical currents. Yet it has been adopted as a foundation of SOD and the U.S. Army's "design.", Published in Joint Force Quarterly (JFQ), n62 p59-67, 3rd quarter 2011.

The research investigates the level to whichscientists’ use scientific methods in computing researchprograms. Data was collected from a representative sample ofresearchers in the field. The findings show that the presentresearch programs are more driven by the market forces.Innovations come up as a consequence of satisfying themarket calls but not necessarily a result of advancement inbasic science. Researchers’ investigations are driven by threecharacteristics; proof of performance, concept and existence.Also noted from the study, some researchers lack a cleardistinction between the methods. They tend to mix methods intheir research programs as longer as the industry acceptstheir outcome artifact. Consequently, there is lack of a clearcurriculum to instill such methodological concepts at graduatelevel in some of the computing schools.

The research investigates the level to whichscientists’ use scientific methods in computing researchprograms. Data was collected from a representative sample ofresearchers in the field. The findings show that the presentresearch programs are more driven by the market forces.Innovations come up as a consequence of satisfying themarket calls but not necessarily a result of advancement inbasic science. Researchers’ investigations are driven by threecharacteristics; proof of performance, concept and existence.Also noted from the study, some researchers lack a cleardistinction between the methods. They tend to mix methods intheir research programs as longer as the industry acceptstheir outcome artifact. Consequently, there is lack of a clearcurriculum to instill such methodological concepts at graduatelevel in some of the computing schools.

The research investigates the level to whichscientists’ use scientific methods in computing researchprograms. Data was collected from a representative sample ofresearchers in the field. The findings show that the presentresearch programs are more driven by the market forces.Innovations come up as a consequence of satisfying themarket calls but not necessarily a result of advancement inbasic science. Researchers’ investigations are driven by threecharacteristics; proof of performance, concept and existence.Also noted from the study, some researchers lack a cleardistinction between the methods. They tend to mix methods intheir research programs as longer as the industry acceptstheir outcome artifact. Consequently, there is lack of a clearcurriculum to instill such methodological concepts at graduatelevel in some of the computing schools.

The research investigates the level to whichscientists’ use scientific methods in computing researchprograms. Data was collected from a representative sample ofresearchers in the field. The findings show that the presentresearch programs are more driven by the market forces.Innovations come up as a consequence of satisfying themarket calls but not necessarily a result of advancement inbasic science. Researchers’ investigations are driven by threecharacteristics; proof of performance, concept and existence.Also noted from the study, some researchers lack a cleardistinction between the methods. They tend to mix methods intheir research programs as longer as the industry acceptstheir outcome artifact. Consequently, there is lack of a clearcurriculum to instill such methodological concepts at graduatelevel in some of the computing schools.

The research investigates the level to whichscientists’ use scientific methods in computing researchprograms. Data was collected from a representative sample ofresearchers in the field. The findings show that the presentresearch programs are more driven by the market forces.Innovations come up as a consequence of satisfying themarket calls but not necessarily a result of advancement inbasic science. Researchers’ investigations are driven by threecharacteristics; proof of performance, concept and existence.Also noted from the study, some researchers lack a cleardistinction between the methods. They tend to mix methods intheir research programs as longer as the industry acceptstheir outcome artifact. Consequently, there is lack of a clearcurriculum to instill such methodological concepts at graduatelevel in some of the computing schools.

The research investigates the level to whichscientists’ use scientific methods in computing researchprograms. Data was collected from a representative sample ofresearchers in the field. The findings show that the presentresearch programs are more driven by the market forces.Innovations come up as a consequence of satisfying themarket calls but not necessarily a result of advancement inbasic science. Researchers’ investigations are driven by threecharacteristics; proof of performance, concept and existence.Also noted from the study, some researchers lack a cleardistinction between the methods. They tend to mix methods intheir research programs as longer as the industry acceptstheir outcome artifact. Consequently, there is lack of a clearcurriculum to instill such methodological concepts at graduatelevel in some of the computing schools.

Archives of the Society of Radiographers (SOR) comprising: minutes of the proceedings of Council of the Society of Radiographers 1920-1998; Reports to Council from various committees, 1960-1973; index to minutes of council and other meetings, 1920-1956; attendance book for SOR meetings, 1947-1956; minutes of the Public Relations Committee, 1956-1975; minutes of the SOR Executive Committee/General Purposes Committee, 1991-1996; SOR Finance and General Purposes Committee minutes and agenda, 1956-1991; SOR Salaries and Services Committee minutes, Oct 1954-Apr 1981; minutes of the Radiotherapy Advisory Committee, 1968-1975; the Liaison Committee with the Faculty of Radiologists, Dec 1971, and the Liaison Committee with the Hospital Physicists Association, Sep 1971 (1 vol); minutes of the Isotopes and Nuclear Medicine Sub-committee, 1969-1974; minutes and papers of the Senior Management team minutes and papers 1999-2001; External Affairs Advisory Committee, 1998-2001; and Policy Resources Committee, 1998-2000; minutes of the College of Radiographers, 1977-1997; signed records of receipt of Diploma of Membership, 1936-1940; membership registers, 1921-1935, listing names and whether subscription paid; Printed membership lists, 1929-1930, 1933, 1934; printed Branch Regulations, 1972, 1982; Memoranda and articles of association, 1988, amended 1990; printed Annual Reports and accounts, 1971-2003; Branch and Section records comprising: South West Branch (inaugurated Jan 1937) - minutes of the Committee South West Branch of the Society of Radiographers, 1959-1985; minutes of the South West Branch, 1937-1949; minutes of the South West sub-section of the Branch , 1947-1974; South West Branch visitors book, 1960-1970; South Wales sub-section (inaugurated Jun 1946) -minutes of the South Wales subsection of the Midland Branch of the SOR, 1946-1950, and Committee minutes, 1971-1981; Wessex Sub

The objective of this effort is to design, develop, document, demonstrate, evaluate, and deliver science-based methods for information assurance (IA) design and assessment. The ultimate goal of the proposed research is to improve the IA reliability and robustness of systems overall and their ability to withstand asymmetric attacks. This can be achieved by means of scientific methods and modeling techniques that assist in specifying requisite IA protection of a system, and in measuring the ability of a design or implementation of a system to meet that specification. The results of IARM research during its two phases demonstrate that a reliability approach to IA of systems shows a lot of promise, and can contribute to more rapid maturation of the field and increased reliability of systems against IA attacks. The current predominance of IA research into defense against specific attacks, and the lack of useful metrics collection are ignoring this promising direction for research and systems engineering. IARM researchers have observed that too little thought is being given to useful metrics to collect during system operation, and in the course of other IA research. For example, currently, it is common to measure the amount of time it takes a Red Team to attack a given system. However, metrics and observations related to the effect of various Red Team or hacker actions on a system would contribute significantly to the growth of IA reliability and the ability to integrate IA approaches within the system engineering process. The article reviews phase 1 of the project, which included mathematical modeling using continuous time Markov chains and computing state transition diagram transition probabilities and transition rates, and phase 2 of the project, which included real time reliability monitoring, top level architecture, and human behavioral modeling of attackers and security system administrators using variations of game theory. (13 refs.)

Establishing the nature of tactics has been a pastime of professional soldiers for centuries. Analyses of tactics have delved into the question of the exact nature of tactics; they have included examinations of historical experience or events in war; and they have sought to find the best possible tactics for the future battlefield. In recent decades, studies of tactics in the U.S. Army have implicitly begun to assume that tactics is more an exact science than an "art and science." As one recent military writer explained, tactics is nothing more than the "specific plans and actions required to activate a concept." In fact, tactics remains rooted in concepts that demand the scientific approach, but the application of these concepts requires an intuitive art for the successful disposition and concentration of force on the field of battle. Despite the improving capabilities of modern weaponry, the success of a tactician remains dependent upon a variety of factors which cannot be ordered or approached strictly as if war were a technical trade., Published in Parameters: US Army War College Quarterly, v7 n3, p39-45, 1977.