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In the JET DTE2 deuterium-tritium campaign, neutron diagnostics were employed to measure 14 MeV neutrons originating from D(T,n)4He reactions. In discharge 99965, a diamond matrix detector (KM14) and a magnetic proton recoil (MPRu) detector with a vertical and an oblique line-of-sight were used, respectively. At the timepoints of interest, a significant decrease in the expected diagnostic signals can be observed as electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is switched off. Utilizing only TRANSP simulation data, the fast-ion distribution is found to have been likely composed mostly of trapped orbits. In contrast, analysis performed using orbit weight functions revealed that the majority of neutrons in the KM14 MeV and MPRu

In the JET DTE2 deuterium-tritium campaign, neutron diagnostics were employed to measure 14 MeV neutrons originating from D(T,n)4He reactions. In discharge 99965, a diamond matrix detector (KM14) and a magnetic proton recoil (MPRu) detector with a vertical and an oblique line-of-sight were used, respectively. At the timepoints of interest, a significant decrease in the expected diagnostic signals can be observed as electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is switched off. Utilizing only TRANSP simulation data, the fast-ion distribution is found to have been likely composed mostly of trapped orbits. In contrast, analysis performed using orbit weight functions revealed that the majority of neutrons in the KM14 MeV and MPRu

Increased father–infant physical contact may promote early paternal caregiving. This randomized controlled trial, preregistered on https://osf.io/qwe3a, tested the effects of a soft baby carrier intervention on fathers’ parenting behavior and hormonal levels. Eighty first-time fathers of 2- to 4-month-old infants were randomly assigned to a baby carrier intervention group (n = 41 fathers) or a control group receiving an infant seat (n = 39 fathers). Fathers were instructed to use the baby carrier or seat for 3 weeks. Fathers’ sensitive parenting behavior, involvement, salivary oxytocin and cortisol basal levels and reactivity to interacting with the infant were assessed at pre-test (on average 2 weeks before the intervention) and at post-test (on average 1 week after the intervention period ended). The results showed that the intervention did not enhance fathers’ sensitive parenting or involvement. Involvement operationalized as hours spent with the infant decreased over time for fathers in the carrier condition compared to fathers in the control condition. The baby carrier intervention had no effect on fathers’ basal oxytocin or cortisol levels, nor did it affect fathers’ oxytocin or cortisol reactivity to interacting with their infant. Our findings indicate that 3 weeks of using a baby carrier does not have immediate beneficial effects on fathers’ parenting behavior or hormonal functioning as assessed here. Future research may examine whether infant carrying has beneficial effects on the longer term or in different groups of fathers, and how fathers’ infant carrying affects their infants., This work was supported by a European Research Council grant (AdG 669249, 2015) awarded to M.J.B.-K. and a Spinoza grant (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research) awarded to M.H.v.I.J.

In the JET DTE2 deuterium-tritium campaign, neutron diagnostics were employed to measure 14 MeV neutrons originating from D(T,n)4He reactions. In discharge 99965, a diamond matrix detector (KM14) and a magnetic proton recoil (MPRu) detector with a vertical and an oblique line-of-sight were used, respectively. At the timepoints of interest, a significant decrease in the expected diagnostic signals can be observed as electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is switched off. Utilizing only TRANSP simulation data, the fast-ion distribution is found to have been likely composed mostly of trapped orbits. In contrast, analysis performed using orbit weight functions revealed that the majority of neutrons in the KM14 MeV and MPRu

In the JET DTE2 deuterium-tritium campaign, neutron diagnostics were employed to measure 14 MeV neutrons originating from D(T,n)4He reactions. In discharge 99965, a diamond matrix detector (KM14) and a magnetic proton recoil (MPRu) detector with a vertical and an oblique line-of-sight were used, respectively. At the timepoints of interest, a significant decrease in the expected diagnostic signals can be observed as electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is switched off. Utilizing only TRANSP simulation data, the fast-ion distribution is found to have been likely composed mostly of trapped orbits. In contrast, analysis performed using orbit weight functions revealed that the majority of neutrons in the KM14 MeV and MPRu

Despite its proven research applications, it remains unknown whether surface electromyography (sEMG) can be used clinically to discriminate non-lame from lame conditions in horses. This study compared the classification performance of sEMG absolute value (sEMGabs) and asymmetry (sEMGasym) parameters, alongside validated kinematic upper-body asymmetry parameters, for distinguishing non-lame from induced fore- (iFL) and hindlimb (iHL) lameness. Bilateral sEMG and 3D-kinematic data were collected from clinically non-lame horses ( n = 8) during in-hand trot. iFL and iHL (2-3/5 AAEP) were induced on separate days using a modified horseshoe, with baseline data initially collected each day. sEMG signals were DC-offset removed, high-pass filtered (40 Hz), and full-wave rectified. Normalized, average rectified value (ARV) was calculated for each muscle and stride (sEMGabs), with the difference between right and left-side ARV representing sEMGasym. Asymmetry parameters (MinDiff, MaxDiff, Hip Hike) were calculated from poll, withers, and pelvis vertical displacement. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis determined the accuracy of each parameter for distinguishing baseline from iFL or iHL. Both sEMG parameters performed better for detecting iHL (0.97 ≥ AUC ≥ 0.48) compared to iFL (0.77 ≥ AUC ≥ 0.49). sEMGabs performed better (0.97 ≥ AUC ≥ 0.49) than sEMGasym (0.76 ≥ AUC ≥ 0.48) for detecting both iFL and iHL. Like previous studies, MinDiff Poll and Pelvis asymmetry parameters (MinDiff, MaxDiff, Hip Hike) demonstrated excellent discrimination for iFL and iHL, respectively (AUC > 0.95). Findings support future development of multivariate lameness-detection approaches that combine kinematics and sEMG. This may provide a more comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of equine lameness, by measuring the underlying functional cause(s) at a neuromuscular level.

When working in optimisation or privacy protection, one may need to estimate the sensitivity of computer programs, i.e., the maximum multiplicative increase in the distance between two inputs and the corresponding two outputs. In particular, differential privacy is a rigorous and widely used notion of privacy that is closely related to sensitivity. Several type systems for sensitivity and differential privacy based on linear logic have been proposed in the literature, starting with the functional language Fuzz. However, they are either limited to certain metrics (L¹ and L^∞), and thus to the associated privacy mechanisms, or they rely on a complex notion of type contexts that does not interact well with operational semantics. We therefore propose a graded linear type system - inspired by Bunched Fuzz [{w}under et al., 2023] - called Plurimetric Fuzz that handles L^p vector metrics (for 1 ≤ p ≤ +∞), uses standard type contexts, gives reasonable bounds on sensitivity, and has good metatheoretical properties. We also provide a denotational semantics in terms of metric complete partial orders, and translation mappings from and to Fuzz.

In the JET DTE2 deuterium-tritium campaign, neutron diagnostics were employed to measure 14 MeV neutrons originating from D(T,n)4He reactions. In discharge 99965, a diamond matrix detector (KM14) and a magnetic proton recoil (MPRu) detector with a vertical and an oblique line-of-sight were used, respectively. At the timepoints of interest, a significant decrease in the expected diagnostic signals can be observed as electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is switched off. Utilizing only TRANSP simulation data, the fast-ion distribution is found to have been likely composed mostly of trapped orbits. In contrast, analysis performed using orbit weight functions revealed that the majority of neutrons in the KM14 Ed=9.3 MeV and MPRu Xcm=33 cm measurement bins are to have originated from fast deuterium ions on co-passing orbits. This work explains the perhaps surprising results and shows that the relative signal decrease as ICRF heating is switched off is largest for counter-passing orbits. Finally, for the magnetic equilibria of interest, it is shown how stagnation orbits, corresponding to similar to 1 % of the fast-ion distribution, were completely unobservable by the KM14 diagnostic.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the link between nutritional intake, fat taste sensitivity, papillae density, and body mass index (BMI) in the Algerian women population.Methodology: This work is a cross-sectional study; 140 women were recruited. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Detection thresholds for oleic acid (OA) were determined according to three alternative forced choice method. Based on the cumulative distribution of minimum detection thresholds, participants were classified into hyposensitive ≥3 mM and hypersensitive <3 mM. Food intakes were recorded using 24-hour diaries on three different days. Fatty food consumption frequencies were studied using a frequency consumption survey. Papillae density was determined by tongue photography. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software version 25.Results: Our results indicated that 50% of our population was overweight including 27% of obesity. Average OA detection thresholds were greater in overweight and obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects (p<0.001). A positive correlation was found between OA detection thresholds and BMI and waist circumference (p<0.001). Hyposensitive subjects consumed more energy and fat intake compared to hypersensitive subjects. Papillae density was inversely associated with BMI and OA detection thresholds. Conclusions: The study confirms the association between fat taste sensitivity and weight status in Algerian women. Overweight and/or obese participants were the least sensitive to OA compared to normal-weight participants. Hyposensitive subjects had higher intakes of energy and lipids compared to hypersensitive subjects. They also expressed a lower number of fungiform papillae. Overweight participants also had a lower number of fungiform papillae compared to normal-weight participants. A better understanding of the links between the detection of dietary lipids and energy/fat intakes in obese subjects may lead to new nutritional strat, Introducción: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el vínculo entre la ingesta nutricional, la sensibilidad a las grasas, la densidad de las papilas y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en la población de mujeres argelinas. Metodología: Estudio transversal; con la participación de 140 mujeres. Se midió el peso, talla y circunfe-rencia de cintura. Los umbrales de detección de ácido oleico (AO) se determinaron según tres métodos alternativos de elección forzada. Según la distribución acumulada de los umbrales mínimos de detección, los participantes se clasificaron en hiposensibles ≥3 mM e hipersensibles <3 mM. La ingesta de alimentos se registró utilizando diarios de 24 horas en tres días diferentes. Las frecuencias de consumo de alimentos grasos se estudiaron mediante una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo. La densidad de las papilas se de-terminó mediante fotografía de la lengua. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS versión 25.Resultados: El 50% de la población tenía sobrepeso, incluido el 27% de la obesidad. Los umbrales de detección de AO fueron mayores en sujetos con sobrepeso en comparación con sujetos con peso normal (p<0,001). Se encontró una correlación positiva entre los umbrales de detección de AO y el IMC (p<0,001). Los sujetos hiposensibles consumieron más energía y grasas en comparación con los sujetos hipersensibles. La densidad de las papilas se asoció inversamente con los umbrales de detección del IMC y la AO. Conclusiones: Los participantes obesos fueron los menos sensibles al AO. Los sujetos hiposensibles tuvieron mayores ingestas de energía y lípidos en comparación con los sujetos hipersensibles. También expresaron un menor número de papilas fungiformes. Una mejor comprensión de los vínculos entre la detección de grasa y la ingesta de nutrientes en sujetos obesos puede conducir a nuevas estrategias nutricionales para limitar el riesgo de obesidad.

Bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) in the agro-ecological conditions of Serbia is a significant pathogen of fam. Brassicaceae plants. Copper compounds are the only available chemical measure against phytopathogenic bacteria and most often used in production. The aim of this paper is to determine the sensitivity and tolerance change of Xcc isolates to different copper compounds (copper-hydroxide, copper-oxychloride, copper (II) sulphate). On 15 localities on the territory of Serbia, 68 samples were collected in the period 2017 – 2023, out of which 54 isolates were obtained by isolation from leaves (cabbage, cauliflower, winter oilseed rape, savoy cabbage, brussels sprout, broccoli) which were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris based on classical and molecular methods. By testing the sensitivity, the development of isolates at the concentration of 100 ppm was determined for all investigated copper compounds. The concentration of 200 ppm enabled the development of most isolates, except for rapeseed isolates, brussels sprout isolates and some cauliflower (KL-18; KL-23) and cabbage isolates (KS-81, KS-82, KS-84, KS-88). The concentration of 300 ppm of different tested copper compounds had an inhibitory effect on the majority of tested isolates. In the case of the treatment with copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide, there was recorded the development of the isolates originating from cabbage (KS-65, KS-66, KS-67, KS-75, KS-76, KS-92, KS-93) and one isolate from brussels sprout (KP-3), while in the case of the treatment using copper (II) sulfate, two isolates originating from the cabbage of the Futog locality (KS-75, KS-76) developed. The concentration of 400 ppm of all tested forms of copper had an inhibitory effect on the development of all tested isolates. Comparing with earlier research done in the period 2013 - 2017, there was observed an increase in copper tolerance of Xcc isolates from the same localities.

Bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) in the agro-ecological conditions of Serbia is a significant pathogen of fam. Brassicaceae plants. Copper compounds are the only available chemical measure against phytopathogenic bacteria and most often used in production. The aim of this paper is to determine the sensitivity and tolerance change of Xcc isolates to different copper compounds (copper-hydroxide, copper-oxychloride, copper (II) sulphate). On 15 localities on the territory of Serbia, 68 samples were collected in the period 2017 – 2023, out of which 54 isolates were obtained by isolation from leaves (cabbage, cauliflower, winter oilseed rape, savoy cabbage, brussels sprout, broccoli) which were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris based on classical and molecular methods. By testing the sensitivity, the development of isolates at the concentration of 100 ppm was determined for all investigated copper compounds. The concentration of 200 ppm enabled the development of most isolates, except for rapeseed isolates, brussels sprout isolates and some cauliflower (KL-18; KL-23) and cabbage isolates (KS-81, KS-82, KS-84, KS-88). The concentration of 300 ppm of different tested copper compounds had an inhibitory effect on the majority of tested isolates. In the case of the treatment with copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide, there was recorded the development of the isolates originating from cabbage (KS-65, KS-66, KS-67, KS-75, KS-76, KS-92, KS-93) and one isolate from brussels sprout (KP-3), while in the case of the treatment using copper (II) sulfate, two isolates originating from the cabbage of the Futog locality (KS-75, KS-76) developed. The concentration of 400 ppm of all tested forms of copper had an inhibitory effect on the development of all tested isolates. Comparing with earlier research done in the period 2013 - 2017, there was observed an increase in copper tolerance of Xcc isolates from the same localities.

BACKGROUND: The elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) device (DermaSensor Inc., Miami, FL) is a noninvasive, painless, adjunctive tool for skin cancer detection. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the performance of the ESS device in the detection of melanoma. METHODS: A prospective, investigator-blinded, multicenter study was conducted at 8 United States (US) and 2 Australian sites. All eligible skin lesions were clinically concerning for melanoma, examined with the ESS device, subsequently biopsied according to dermatologists standard of care, and evaluated with histopathology. A total of 311 participants with 440 lesions were enrolled, including 44 melanomas (63.6% in situ and 36.4% invasive) and 44 severely dysplastic nevi. RESULTS: The observed sensitivity of the ESS device for melanoma detection was 95.5% (95% CI, 84.5% to 98.8%, 42 of 44 melanomas), and the observed specificity was 32.5% (95% CI, 27.2% to 38.3%). The positive and negative predictive values were 16.0% and 98.1%, respectively. LIMITATIONS: The device was tested in a high-risk population with lesions selected for biopsy based on clinical and dermoscopic assessments of board-certified dermatologists. Most enrolled lesions were pigmented. CONCLUSION: The ESS devices high sensitivity and NPV for the detection of melanoma suggest the device may be a useful adjunctive, point-of-care tool for melanoma detection.

KM3NeT/ARCA is a Cherenkov neutrino telescope under construction in the Mediterranean sea, optimised for the detection of astrophysical neutrinos with energies above 1 TeV. In this work, using Monte Carlo simulations including all-flavour neutrinos, the integrated and differential sensitivities for KM3NeT/ARCA are presented considering the case of a diffuse neutrino flux as well as extended and point-like neutrino sources. This analysis is applied to Starburst Galaxies demonstrating that the detector has the capability of tracing TeV neutrinos from these sources. Remarkably, after eight years, a hard power-law spectrum from the nearby Small Magellanic Cloud can be constrained. The sensitivity and discovery potential for NGC 1068 is also evaluated showing that KM3NeT/ARCA will discriminate between different astrophysical components of the measured neutrino flux after 3 years of data taking., The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Czech Science Foundation (GAČR 24-12702S); Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France (contract ANR-15-CE310020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris Île-deFrance Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-22-13708), Georgia; The General Secretariat of Research and Innovation (GSRI), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (MUR), through PRIN 2022 program (Grant PANTHEON 2022E2J4RK, Next Generation EU) and PON R&I program (Avviso n. 424 del 28 febbraio 2018, Progetto PACK-PIR01 00021), Italy; A. De Benedittis, R. Del Burgo, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, A. Nayerhoda, G. Papalashvili, I. C. Rea, S. Santanastaso, A. Simonelli have been supported by the Italian Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (MUR), Progetto CIR01 00021 (Avviso n. 2595 del 24 dicembre 2019); Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, Morocco, and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Kuwait; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2021/41/N/ST2/01177); The grant ‘‘AstroCeNT: Particle Astrophysics Science and Technology Centre’’, carried out within the International Research Agendas programme of the Foundation for Polish Science financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Slovak Research and Development Agency under Contract No. APVV-22-0413; Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic; MCINfor PID2021-124591NB-C41,-C42,-C43 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and, as appropriate, by ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe’’, by the ‘‘European Union’’ or by the ‘‘Euro, Peer Reviewed, Article signat per 279 autors/es: S. Aiello, A. Albert, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, E. Androutsou, M. Anguita, L. Aphecetche, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, H. Atmani, J. Aublin, F. Badaracco, L. Bailly-Salins, Z. Bardačová, B. Baret, A. Bariego-Quintana, S. Basegmez du Pree, Y. Becherini, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, M. Benhassi, D.M. Benoit, E. Berbee, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Boettcher, D. Bonanno, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, R.M. Bozza, H.Brânzaş, F. Bretaudeau, M. Breuhaus, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, R. Bruno, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, S. Campion, A. Capone, F. Carenini, V. Carretero, T. Cartraud, P. Castaldi, V. Cecchini, S. Celli, L. Cerisy, M. Chabab, M. Chadolias, A. Chen, S. Cherubini, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, J.A.B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, G. Cuttone, R. Dallier, Y. Darras, A. De Benedittis, B. De Martino, V. Decoene, R. Del Burgo, I. Del Rosso, L.S. Di Mauro, I. Di Palma, A.F. Díaz, C. Diaz, D. Diego-Tortosa, C. Distefano, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, M. Dörr, E. Drakopoulou, D. Drouhin, R. Dvornický, T. Eberl, E. Eckerová, A. Eddymaoui, T. van Eeden, M. Eff, D. van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, S. El Hedri, A. Enzenhöfer, G. Ferrara, M.D. Filipović, F. Filippini, D. Franciotti, L.A. Fusco, J. Gabriel, S. Gagliardini, T. Gal, J. García Méndez, A. Garcia Soto, C. Gatius Oliver, N. Geißelbrecht, H. Ghaddari, L. Gialanella, B.K. Gibson, E. Giorgio, I. Goos, P. Goswami, D. Goupilliere, S.R. Gozzini, R. Gracia, K. Graf, C. Guidi, B. Guillon, M. Gutiérrez, H. van Haren, A. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, L. Hennig, J.J. Hernández-Rey, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, G. Illuminati, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, B.J. Jung, P. Kalaczyński, O. Kalekin, U.F. Katz, G. Kistauri, C. Kopper, A. Kouchner, V. Kueviakoe, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Kvatadze, M. Labalme, R. Lahmann, G. Larosa, C. Lastoria, A. Lazo, S. Le Stum, G. Lehaut, E. Leonora, N. Lessing, G. Levi, M. Lindsey Clark, F. Longh, Postprint (published version)

The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally validate the Swedish version of the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS-S) for use in the acute phase of stroke. Further, to evaluate the inter-rater reliability between different healthcare professionals. GUSS was translated into Swedish using a forward-backward method followed by expert rating to obtain content validity. For criterion validity, the GUSS-S score was compared with Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) assessed with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) in acute stroke patients (≤ 96 h after stroke onset). Convergent validity was calculated by comparison with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) as per the comprehensive FEES assessment, the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). To evaluate inter-rater reliability, a nurse and a speech-language pathologist (SLP) independently assessed 30 patients. In total, 80 patients (32 women, median age 77 years (range 29–93) were included, mean 1.7 ± 0.9 days after admission. With a cut-off value of 14 points, the GUSS-S identified aspiration with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73% (area under the curve: 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.95). Spearman rank correlation showed very strong correlation between the GUSS-S and PAS (rs=-0.718, P = < 0.001) and FOIS (rs=0.720, P = 0.001) and strong correlation between the GUSS-S and SSA (rs=0.545, P = < 0.001) and NIHSS (rs=-0.447, P = 0.001). The inter-rater agreement for GUSS-S was substantial (Kw=0.67, P = < 0.001). The results indicate that the GUSS-S is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of dysphagia in acute stroke patients by different healthcare professionals.

Objectives: The Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) is frequently used as a screener for mood and anxiety disorders. However, few population-based studies have validated it against a diagnostic instrument assessing disorders following current diagnostic criteria. Methods: Within the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-3), a representative population-based study of adults (N = 6194; age: 18–75 years), the MHI-5 was used to measure general mental ill-health in the past month. Presence of mood (major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder) and anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder) in the past month was assessed with a slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders-5. Results: The MHI-5 was good to excellent at distinguishing people with and without a mood disorder, an anxiety disorder, and any mood or anxiety disorder. The cut-off value associated with the highest sensitivity and highest specificity for mood disorder was ≤68, and ≤76 for an anxiety disorder or any mood or anxiety disorder. Conclusions: The MHI-5 can identify individuals at high risk of a current mood or anxiety disorder in the general population when diagnostic interviews are too time consuming.

Exposure simulations are fundamental to many xVA calculations and are a nested expectation problem where repeated portfolio valuations create a significant computational expense. Sensitivity calculations which require shocked and unshocked valuations in bump-and-revalue schemes exacerbate the computational load. A known reduction of the portfolio valuation cost is understood to be found in polynomial approximations, which we apply in this article to interest rate sensitivities of expected exposures. We consider a method based on the approximation of the shocked and unshocked valuation functions, as well as a novel approach in which the difference between these functions is approximated. Convergence results are shown, and we study the choice of interpolation nodes. Numerical experiments with interest rate derivatives are conducted to demonstrate the high accuracy and remarkable computational cost reduction. We further illustrate how the method can be extended to more general xVA models using the example of CVA with wrong-way risk.

During the glacial cycles of the past 800 000 years, Eurasia and North America were periodically covered by large ice sheets, causing up to 100 m of sea-level change. While Late Pleistocene glacial cycles typically lasted 80 000-120 000 years, the termination phases were completed in only 10 000 years. During these glacial terminations, the North American and Eurasian ice sheets retreated, which created large proglacial lakes in front of the ice-sheet margin. Proglacial lakes accelerate deglaciation as they facilitate the formation of ice shelves at the southern margins of the North American and Eurasian ice sheets. These ice shelves are characterized by basal melting, low surface elevations, and negligible friction at the base. Here, we use an ice-sheet model to quantify the (combined) effects of proglacial lakes on Late Pleistocene glacial terminations by examining their interplay with glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and basal sliding. We find that proglacial lakes accelerate the deglaciation of ice sheets mainly because there is an absence of basal friction underneath ice shelves. If friction underneath grounded ice is applied to floating ice, full deglaciation is postponed by a few millennia, resulting in more ice remaining during interglacial periods and no extensive ice shelves forming. Additionally, the large uncertainty in melt rates underneath lacustrine ice shelves translates to an uncertainty in the timing of the termination of up to a millennium.Proglacial lakes are created by depressions in the landscape that remain after an ice sheet has retreated. The depth, size, and timing of proglacial lakes depend on the rate of bedrock rebound. We find that if bedrock rebounds within a few centuries (rather than a few millennia), the mass loss rate of the ice sheet is substantially reduced. This is because fast bedrock rebound prevents the formation of extensive proglacial lakes. Additionally, a decrease in ice thickness is partly compensated for by faster bed

Background: A recently published article, by Reiber et al., on the representativity of macroinvertebrate communities in outdoor micro- or mesocosm studies, used as a higher tier tool in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products (PPPs) in the EU, concluded that ‘micro-/mesocosm studies do not represent natural macroinvertebrate communities’. Fundamentally, the article based its conclusion on the analysis of data from 26 streams used in a monitoring project in Germany (2018–2019), in comparison to taxa found in seven lentic micro- and mesocosm studies, conducted at four test sites (2013 – 2018), and submitted to the UBA, Germany. Results: There are multiple reasons why this conclusion is incorrect, e.g. the number of taxa, for which the Minimum Detectable Differences (MDDs) were low enough to allow a detection of direct effects in the seven lentic mesocosm studies, cannot be compared to the number of taxa just present in at least five of 26 streams. We have further investigated the data from five of the seven studies which were analysed in detail by Reiber et al. and determined that the MDDs of 12 to 18 invertebrate taxa per study fulfilled the current recommendation to allow a detection of medium effects (MDD up to 70%). However, which taxa can be considered potentially sensitive depends on the specific test item. While lentic test systems may not be suitable to test effects on typical stream taxa, taxa occurring in lentic systems such as ponds and ditches are not by definition less sensitive, or vulnerable, to pesticides than taxa living in streams, and their relative sensitivity can be checked in laboratory tests, or artificial streams, if needed. Conclusions: In our view, well conducted micro- and mesocosm studies do provide reliable and useful data for the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products covering long-term, as well as indirect, effects under semi-natural conditions.

BACKGROUND: The pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin system show promise in overcoming limitations associated with large variations in opioid analgesic effectiveness observed in equine practice. Of particular interest is variation in the melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) gene, which dictates pigment type expression through its epistatic interaction with the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) gene. MC1R has previously been implicated in opioid efficacy in other species; however, this relationship is yet to be explored in horses. In this study, analgesic effectiveness was scored (1-3) based on noted response to dura penetration during the performance of cerebrospinal fluid centisis after sedation and tested for association with known genetic regions responsible for pigmentation variation in horses. RESULTS: The chestnut phenotype was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in lowering analgesic effectiveness when compared to the bay base coat colour. The 11bp indel in ASIP known to cause the black base coat colour was not significant (P>0.05); however, six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the genomic region encoding the ASIP gene and one within MC1R were identified as being nominally significant (P<0.05) in association with opioid analgesic effectiveness. This included the location of the known e MC1R variant resulting in the chestnut coat colour. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides promising evidence for important links between pigmentation genes and opioid effectiveness in horses. The application of an easily identifiable phenotype indicating variable sensitivity presents a promising opportunity for accessible precision medicine in the use of analgesics and warrants further investigation.

Outcome under-ascertainment, characterized by the incomplete identification or reporting of cases, poses a substantial challenge in epidemiologic research. While capture-recapture methods can estimate unknown case numbers, their role in estimating exposure effects in observational studies is not well established. This paper presents an ascertainment probability weighting framework that integrates capture-recapture and propensity score weighting. We propose a nonparametric estimator of effects on binary outcomes that combines exposure propensity scores with data from two conditionally independent outcome measurements to simultaneously adjust for confounding and under-ascertainment. Demonstrating its practical application, we apply the method to estimate the relationship between health care work and coronavirus disease 2019 testing in a Swedish region. We find that ascertainment probability weighting greatly influences the estimated association compared to conventional inverse probability weighting, underscoring the importance of accounting for under-ascertainment in studies with limited outcome data coverage. We conclude with practical guidelines for the method’s implementation, discussing its strengths, limitations, and suitable scenarios for application.

Bakgrund: Stressfrakturer utgör 10–20 % av alla idrottsskador och 10% av alla ortopediska skador, av samtliga stressfrakturer lokaliseras upp till 49% i tibia. För att ställa diagnosen korrekt behövs en magnetröntgen, benskanning eller datortomografi. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att kartlägga tillförlitligheten hos kliniska tester för att diagnostisera stressfrakturer i tibia. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med narrativ design tillämpades, sökningen utfördes i Pubmed, Sportdiscus, Pedro & Cinahl, inklusionskriteriet var att studierna skulle ha minst ett radiologiskt referenstest. Kvalitén av studierna bedömdes med Quadas mätinstrument. Resultat: 17 artiklar inkluderades i översikten, totalt var det åtta olika tester som undersöktes. Tre studier valde att kombinera flera tester vid diagnostiseringen av stressfrakturer i tibia. Inget ensamt test eller testkombination hade både en hög specificitet och sensitivitet. Flertalet studier fick en hög sensitivitet vid palpation, även kombinerade tester gav en hög sensitivitet. Konklusion: Enbart kliniska tester verkar inte kunna diagnostisera stressfrakturer i tibia då testerna har en låg specificitet. Eventuellt kan en kombination av tester utesluta stressfrakturer i tibia och därav minska behovet av röntgenundersökning. Flertalet studier hade metodologiska brister därför behövs mer forskning för att kunna dra säkrare slutsatser gällande testernas tillförlitlighet., Background: Stress fractures make up 10-20% of all sports injuries and 10% of all orthopedic injuries, of all stress fractures up to 49% are in the tibia. To make the diagnosis correctly, an MRI, bone scan or computed tomography is needed. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of different clinical tests in the diagnosis of stress fractures of the tibia. Method: A literature review with narrative design was applied, the search was performed in Pubmed, Sportdiscus Pedro and Cinahl, the inclusion criteria was that the studies had at least one radiological reference test. The quality of the studies was assessed with Quadas measuring instrument. Results: 17 articles were included in the review, a total of eight different test examined. Three studies chose to combine multiple tests in the diagnosis of tibial stress fractures. No single test or test combination had both a high specificity and sensitivity. Most studies obtained a high sensitivity on palpation, even combined test gave a high sensitivity. Conclusion: Clinical tests alone do not seem to be able to diagnose stress fractures in the tibia as the tests have a low specificity. Possibly, a combination of tests can rule out stress fractures in the tibia and therefore reduce the need for radiological examination. Most studies had methodological flaws therefore, more research is needed to be able to draw safer conclusions regarding the ability of the tests.

Objective: To assess transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) data from 15 years of a newborn hearing screening program and evaluate how well various criteria separate ears with and without hearing loss. Design: Retrospective review of TEOAE data using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curves, and cumulative percentage graphs.Study sample: Children with hearing loss who passed TEOAE screening as a newborn were compared to children who failed TEOAE screening and normal hearing children who either passed or failed. Exclusions were applied for acquired hearing loss or auditory neuropathy. Results: Ears with hearing loss that passed screening had significantly lower TEOAE response levels compared to ears with normal hearing. Noise levels, test times, and number of sweeps were also lower. Most of these ears had mild hearing loss. Logistic regression results showed that high-frequency TEOAE response level is the best predictor of hearing loss. A multivariate "logit" score calculated from the regression was the best indicator for separating ears with hearing loss from ears with normal hearing. Conclusions: TEOAE response levels or an algorithm which incorporates logit scores should be considered as a minimum passing criterion to increase the sensitivity of the TEOAE screening., This study was supported by grants from Hörselforskningsfonden, Stiftelsen Sunnerdahls Handikappfonden and the Foundation for Audiological Research.

Outcome under-ascertainment, characterized by the incomplete identification or reporting of cases, poses a substantial challenge in epidemiologic research. While capture-recapture methods can estimate unknown case numbers, their role in estimating exposure effects in observational studies is not well established. This paper presents an ascertainment probability weighting framework that integrates capture-recapture and propensity score weighting. We propose a nonparametric estimator of effects on binary outcomes that combines exposure propensity scores with data from two conditionally independent outcome measurements to simultaneously adjust for confounding and under-ascertainment. Demonstrating its practical application, we apply the method to estimate the relationship between health care work and coronavirus disease 2019 testing in a Swedish region. We find that ascertainment probability weighting greatly influences the estimated association compared to conventional inverse probability weighting, underscoring the importance of accounting for under-ascertainment in studies with limited outcome data coverage. We conclude with practical guidelines for the method’s implementation, discussing its strengths, limitations, and suitable scenarios for application.

The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally validate the Swedish version of the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS-S) for use in the acute phase of stroke. Further, to evaluate the inter-rater reliability between different healthcare professionals. GUSS was translated into Swedish using a forward-backward method followed by expert rating to obtain content validity. For criterion validity, the GUSS-S score was compared with Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) assessed with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) in acute stroke patients (≤ 96 h after stroke onset). Convergent validity was calculated by comparison with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) as per the comprehensive FEES assessment, the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). To evaluate inter-rater reliability, a nurse and a speech-language pathologist (SLP) independently assessed 30 patients. In total, 80 patients (32 women, median age 77 years (range 29–93) were included, mean 1.7 ± 0.9 days after admission. With a cut-off value of 14 points, the GUSS-S identified aspiration with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73% (area under the curve: 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.95). Spearman rank correlation showed very strong correlation between the GUSS-S and PAS (rs=-0.718, P = < 0.001) and FOIS (rs=0.720, P = 0.001) and strong correlation between the GUSS-S and SSA (rs=0.545, P = < 0.001) and NIHSS (rs=-0.447, P = 0.001). The inter-rater agreement for GUSS-S was substantial (Kw=0.67, P = < 0.001). The results indicate that the GUSS-S is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of dysphagia in acute stroke patients by different healthcare professionals.

Demand-side users are practical and economical resources for participating in voltage regulation of distribution networks, whose regulation effect is closely related to the price. This paper proposes a novel voltage-price coupling (VPC) mechanism to construct a fair voltage-based nodal pricing method for distribution networks to encourage demand-side users to participate in voltage regulation to improve voltage quality. The voltage impact factor is established to fairly characterize the impact of each nodal power on the voltage deviation in the distribution network. Further, the VPC mechanism is constructed to highly couple the nodal price with the voltage in both spatial and time dimensions by establishing distribution rules of prices at different nodes and different horizons. The VPC mechanism forms a fair and adaptable voltage-based nodal pricing method for distribution networks, which also considers the impact on the existing pricing mechanism, and the balance between the voltage regulation effect and user experience. Then, a price-driven voltage regulation (PVR) model is proposed for the distribution network to reduce voltage deviations and user costs, which integrates the demand-side resource management, voltage regulation, and voltage-based nodal pricing. Case studies verify the effectiveness of the VPC mechanism and the PVR model., QC 20240412

Outcome under-ascertainment, characterized by the incomplete identification or reporting of cases, poses a substantial challenge in epidemiologic research. While capture-recapture methods can estimate unknown case numbers, their role in estimating exposure effects in observational studies is not well established. This paper presents an ascertainment probability weighting framework that integrates capture-recapture and propensity score weighting. We propose a nonparametric estimator of effects on binary outcomes that combines exposure propensity scores with data from two conditionally independent outcome measurements to simultaneously adjust for confounding and under-ascertainment. Demonstrating its practical application, we apply the method to estimate the relationship between health care work and coronavirus disease 2019 testing in a Swedish region. We find that ascertainment probability weighting greatly influences the estimated association compared to conventional inverse probability weighting, underscoring the importance of accounting for under-ascertainment in studies with limited outcome data coverage. We conclude with practical guidelines for the method’s implementation, discussing its strengths, limitations, and suitable scenarios for application.

The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally validate the Swedish version of the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS-S) for use in the acute phase of stroke. Further, to evaluate the inter-rater reliability between different healthcare professionals. GUSS was translated into Swedish using a forward-backward method followed by expert rating to obtain content validity. For criterion validity, the GUSS-S score was compared with Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) assessed with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) in acute stroke patients (≤ 96 h after stroke onset). Convergent validity was calculated by comparison with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) as per the comprehensive FEES assessment, the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). To evaluate inter-rater reliability, a nurse and a speech-language pathologist (SLP) independently assessed 30 patients. In total, 80 patients (32 women, median age 77 years (range 29–93) were included, mean 1.7 ± 0.9 days after admission. With a cut-off value of 14 points, the GUSS-S identified aspiration with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73% (area under the curve: 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.95). Spearman rank correlation showed very strong correlation between the GUSS-S and PAS (rs=-0.718, P = < 0.001) and FOIS (rs=0.720, P = 0.001) and strong correlation between the GUSS-S and SSA (rs=0.545, P = < 0.001) and NIHSS (rs=-0.447, P = 0.001). The inter-rater agreement for GUSS-S was substantial (Kw=0.67, P = < 0.001). The results indicate that the GUSS-S is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of dysphagia in acute stroke patients by different healthcare professionals.

Outcome under-ascertainment, characterized by the incomplete identification or reporting of cases, poses a substantial challenge in epidemiologic research. While capture-recapture methods can estimate unknown case numbers, their role in estimating exposure effects in observational studies is not well established. This paper presents an ascertainment probability weighting framework that integrates capture-recapture and propensity score weighting. We propose a nonparametric estimator of effects on binary outcomes that combines exposure propensity scores with data from two conditionally independent outcome measurements to simultaneously adjust for confounding and under-ascertainment. Demonstrating its practical application, we apply the method to estimate the relationship between health care work and coronavirus disease 2019 testing in a Swedish region. We find that ascertainment probability weighting greatly influences the estimated association compared to conventional inverse probability weighting, underscoring the importance of accounting for under-ascertainment in studies with limited outcome data coverage. We conclude with practical guidelines for the method’s implementation, discussing its strengths, limitations, and suitable scenarios for application.

Cellular functions are realized through the dynamics of chemical reaction networks formed by thousands of chemical reactions. Numerical studies have empirically demonstrated that small differences in network structures among species or tissues can cause substantial changes in dynamics. However, a general principle for behavior changes in response to network structure modifications is not known. The chemical reaction system possesses substructures called buffering structures, which are characterized by a certain topological index being zero. It was proven that the steady-state response to modulation of reaction parameters inside a buffering structure is localized in the buffering structure. In this study, we developed a method to systematically identify the loss or creation of buffering structures induced by the addition of a single degradation reaction from network structure alone. This makes it possible to predict the qualitative and macroscopic changes in regulation that will be caused by the network modification. This method was applied to two reaction systems: the central metabolic system and the mitogen-activated protein kinases signal transduction system. Our method enables identification of reactions that are important for biological functions in living systems.

Introduktion: Pneumoni er en meget hyppig og alvorlig infektion med høj mortalitet. På trods af studier, der viser manglende sensitivitet, diagnosticeres pneumoni udfra påvist nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax. Formål: Formålet med dette studie var at undersøge hvor mange af patienterne diagnostiseret med pneumoni havde påvist et nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax, samt undersøge om deres kliniske præsentation adskilte sig fra dem uden nyt infiltrat. Metode: Studiet var et diagnostisk studie med retrospektiv journalgennemgang af patienter diagnosticeret med pneumoni, som blev udskrevet fra en dansk akutmodtagelse i 2018. Beskrivelsen af røntgen af thorax ved ankomst blev gennemgået og andelen med påvist nytilkommet infiltrat blev beregnet. Forskel i klinisk præsentation herunder symptomer og komorbiditet samt 7-dags dødelighed blev undersøgt med en chi i anden-test. Resultater: 556 patienter blev inkluderet. Af disse havde 62% påvist et nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax. Den kliniske præsentation samt dødelighed var uafhængig af om der var påvist nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax. Konklusion: 62% af patienter diagnosticeret med pneumoni på akutmodtagelsen havde påvist nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax. Der var ingen sammenhæng mellem den kliniske præsentation og påvist nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax.

Introduktion: Pneumoni er en meget hyppig og alvorlig infektion med høj mortalitet. På trods af studier, der viser manglende sensitivitet, diagnosticeres pneumoni udfra påvist nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax. Formål: Formålet med dette studie var at undersøge hvor mange af patienterne diagnostiseret med pneumoni havde påvist et nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax, samt undersøge om deres kliniske præsentation adskilte sig fra dem uden nyt infiltrat. Metode: Studiet var et diagnostisk studie med retrospektiv journalgennemgang af patienter diagnosticeret med pneumoni, som blev udskrevet fra en dansk akutmodtagelse i 2018. Beskrivelsen af røntgen af thorax ved ankomst blev gennemgået og andelen med påvist nytilkommet infiltrat blev beregnet. Forskel i klinisk præsentation herunder symptomer og komorbiditet samt 7-dags dødelighed blev undersøgt med en chi i anden-test. Resultater: 556 patienter blev inkluderet. Af disse havde 62% påvist et nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax. Den kliniske præsentation samt dødelighed var uafhængig af om der var påvist nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax. Konklusion: 62% af patienter diagnosticeret med pneumoni på akutmodtagelsen havde påvist nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax. Der var ingen sammenhæng mellem den kliniske præsentation og påvist nytilkommet infiltrat på røntgen af thorax.

Bakgrund: Stressfrakturer utgör 10–20 % av alla idrottsskador och 10% av alla ortopediska skador, av samtliga stressfrakturer lokaliseras upp till 49% i tibia. För att ställa diagnosen korrekt behövs en magnetröntgen, benskanning eller datortomografi. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att kartlägga tillförlitligheten hos kliniska tester för att diagnostisera stressfrakturer i tibia. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med narrativ design tillämpades, sökningen utfördes i Pubmed, Sportdiscus, Pedro & Cinahl, inklusionskriteriet var att studierna skulle ha minst ett radiologiskt referenstest. Kvalitén av studierna bedömdes med Quadas mätinstrument. Resultat: 17 artiklar inkluderades i översikten, totalt var det åtta olika tester som undersöktes. Tre studier valde att kombinera flera tester vid diagnostiseringen av stressfrakturer i tibia. Inget ensamt test eller testkombination hade både en hög specificitet och sensitivitet. Flertalet studier fick en hög sensitivitet vid palpation, även kombinerade tester gav en hög sensitivitet. Konklusion: Enbart kliniska tester verkar inte kunna diagnostisera stressfrakturer i tibia då testerna har en låg specificitet. Eventuellt kan en kombination av tester utesluta stressfrakturer i tibia och därav minska behovet av röntgenundersökning. Flertalet studier hade metodologiska brister därför behövs mer forskning för att kunna dra säkrare slutsatser gällande testernas tillförlitlighet., Background: Stress fractures make up 10-20% of all sports injuries and 10% of all orthopedic injuries, of all stress fractures up to 49% are in the tibia. To make the diagnosis correctly, an MRI, bone scan or computed tomography is needed. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of different clinical tests in the diagnosis of stress fractures of the tibia. Method: A literature review with narrative design was applied, the search was performed in Pubmed, Sportdiscus Pedro and Cinahl, the inclusion criteria was that the studies had at least one radiological reference test. The quality of the studies was assessed with Quadas measuring instrument. Results: 17 articles were included in the review, a total of eight different test examined. Three studies chose to combine multiple tests in the diagnosis of tibial stress fractures. No single test or test combination had both a high specificity and sensitivity. Most studies obtained a high sensitivity on palpation, even combined test gave a high sensitivity. Conclusion: Clinical tests alone do not seem to be able to diagnose stress fractures in the tibia as the tests have a low specificity. Possibly, a combination of tests can rule out stress fractures in the tibia and therefore reduce the need for radiological examination. Most studies had methodological flaws therefore, more research is needed to be able to draw safer conclusions regarding the ability of the tests.

This work reports the impact of deviations in heater current caused by an imprecise 5V power source on the parameters utilized in gas sensing modules in MQ series towards 62 ppm of Ethanol vapor. The gas sensing experiments involved three MQ series gas sensors under lab-made chamber for continuous Ethanol vapor measurement. To investigate how heaters' current irregularities, affect the gas sensing performance parameters, the sensor's response/recovery time, pattern recognition techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed. While minor voltage drops (±100 mV) may not significantly affect sensing resistance (RS) due to real-time input voltage (Vin) adjustment, a constant current source is essential for heating resistance (RH). The study revealed that a slight increase (±3 mA) in heater supply, particularly from 154 mA (94 °C) to 157 mA (96 °C), can significantly accelerate the recovery time (Trec) of the MQ-7 sensor from 484 s to 316 s, resulting in a difference of over 150 s. This improvement can be attributed to the desorption of gas molecules at higher temperatures, aiding in sensor cleaning. However, this small change does not significantly affect the response time (Tres), which remains between 245 and 295 s at worst. Our gas sensor exhibits enhanced sensitivity and operational stability thanks to a calibrated circuit and stable 5V power supply. Strong correlations between normalized response and sensing films' temperatures, with a correlation coefficient of 0.985, provide insights into the relationship between heater currents, temperature effects, and gas sensitivity. These findings offer insights for optimizing sensing performance under gas exposure conditions.

The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally validate the Swedish version of the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS-S) for use in the acute phase of stroke. Further, to evaluate the inter-rater reliability between different healthcare professionals. GUSS was translated into Swedish using a forward-backward method followed by expert rating to obtain content validity. For criterion validity, the GUSS-S score was compared with Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) assessed with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) in acute stroke patients (≤ 96 h after stroke onset). Convergent validity was calculated by comparison with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) as per the comprehensive FEES assessment, the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). To evaluate inter-rater reliability, a nurse and a speech-language pathologist (SLP) independently assessed 30 patients. In total, 80 patients (32 women, median age 77 years (range 29-93) were included, mean 1.7 ± 0.9 days after admission. With a cut-off value of 14 points, the GUSS-S identified aspiration with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73% (area under the curve: 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.95). Spearman rank correlation showed very strong correlation between the GUSS-S and PAS (rs=-0.718, P = < 0.001) and FOIS (rs=0.720, P = 0.001) and strong correlation between the GUSS-S and SSA (rs=0.545, P = < 0.001) and NIHSS (rs=-0.447, P = 0.001). The inter-rater agreement for GUSS-S was substantial (Kw=0.67, P = < 0.001). The results indicate that the GUSS-S is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of dysphagia in acute stroke patients by different healthcare professionals.

BACKGROUND: In 2018, the World Health Organization commenced a multi-country validation study of the Cepheid GeneXpert for a range of molecular-based point-of-care (POC) tests in primary care settings. One study arm focused on the evaluation of POC tests for screening 'women at risk' for chlamydia (CT), gonorrhoea (NG) and trichomonas (TV) in four countries - Australia, Guatemala, Morocco and South Africa. METHODS: Study participants completed a pre-test questionnaire which included demographics, clinical information and general questions on POC testing (POCT). Two vaginal swab samples (either self-collected or clinician collected) from each patient were tested on the GeneXpert at the POC and at a reference laboratory using quality-assured nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). RESULTS: One thousand three hundred and eighty-three women were enrolled: 58.6% from South Africa, 29.2% from Morocco, 6.2% from Guatemala, and 6.0% from Australia. 1296 samples for CT/NG and 1380 samples for TV were tested by the GeneXpert and the reference NAAT. The rate of unsuccessful tests on the GeneXpert was 1.9% for CT, 1.5% for NG and 0.96% for TV. The prevalence of CT, NG and TV was 31%, 13% and 23%, respectively. 1.5% of samples were positive for all three infections; 7.8% were positive for CT and NG; 2.4% were positive for NG and TV; and 7.3% were positive for CT and TV. Compared to reference NAATs, pooled estimates of sensitivity for the GeneXpert tests were 83.7% (95% confidence intervals 69.2-92.1) for CT, 90.5% (85.1-94.1) for NG and 64.7% (58.1-70.7) for TV (although estimates varied considerably between countries). Estimates for specificity were ≥96% for all three tests both within- and between-countries. Pooled positive and negative likelihood ratios were: 32.7 ([CI] 21.2-50.5) and 0.17 (0.08-0.33) for CT; 95.3 (36.9-245.7) and 0.10 (0.06-0.15) for NG; and 56.5 (31.6-101.1) and 0.35 (0.27-0.47) for TV. CONCLUSION: This multi-country evaluation is the first of its kind wo, This work was also funded by the UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), a cosponsored programme executed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Government of Canada.

The accurate determination of the transfer function of ultrasound transducers is important for their design and operational performance. However, conventional methods for quantifying the transfer function, such as hydrophone measurements, radiation force balance, and pulse-echo measurements, are costly and complex due to specialized equipment required. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to estimate the transfer function of ultrasound transducers by measuring the acoustic streaming velocity generated by the transducer. We utilize an experimental setup consisting of a water tank with a millimeter scale, an ink-filled syringe, and a camera for recording the streaming phenomenon. Through streaming velocity measurements in the frequency range from 2 to 8 MHz, we determined the transfer function of an unfocused circular transducer with a center frequency of 5 MHz and a radius of 5.6 mm. We compared the performance of our method with hydrophone and pulse-echo measurements. At the center frequency, we measured a transmit efficiency of 1.9 kPa/V using the streaming approach, while hydrophone and pulse-echo measurements yielded transmit efficiencies of 2.1 kPa/V and 1.8 kPa/V, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method for estimating the transfer function of ultrasound transducers achieves a sufficient level of accuracy comparable to pulse-echo and hydrophone measurements., ImPhys/Verweij group, ImPhys/Medical Imaging, ImPhys/De Jong group

Numerous fish populations show strong year-to-year variations in recruitment. The early life stages play a crucial role in determining recruitment and dispersal patterns. A helpful tool to understand recruitment and dispersal involves simulations with a Lagrangian transport model, which results from the coupling between a hydrodynamic model and an individual-based model. Larval transport models require sound knowledge of the biological processes governing larval dispersal, and they may be highly sensitive to the parameters selected. Various assumptions about larval traits, behaviour and other model parameters can be tested by comparing simulation results with field data to identify the most sensitive parameters and to improve model calibration. This study shows that biological parameterization is more important than inter-annual variability in explaining the year-to-year differences in larval recruitment of common sole in the North Sea and the eastern English Channel. In contrast, year-to-year variability of connectivity leads to higher variability than changes in the biological parameters. The most influential parameters are pelagic larval duration, spawning period and mortality. Calibration over a 12 yr recruitment survey shows that a scenario with low mortality associated with a long larval duration and behaviour involving nycthemeral and tidal migration best reproduces the observations. This research provides insights into factors influencing fish dispersal and recruitment, suggesting a strategy for enhancing the accuracy of models in upcoming studies. The study supports the improvement of larval dispersal modelling by incorporating an easily applicable sensitivity analysis for both calibration and validation. Incorporating sensitivity analyses enhances larval dispersal models, providing performing tools that can contribute to informed fisheries management and understanding of recruitment variability.

A timely detection of visual hemifield deficits (VHFDs; hemianopias or quadrantanopias) is critical for both the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients. The present study determined the sensitivity and specificity of four qualitative visual field tests, including face description, confrontation tests (finger wiggle), and kinetic boundary perimetry, to screen large and dense VHFDs in right-brain-damaged (RBD) stroke patients. Previously, the accuracy of qualitative visual field tests was examined in unselected samples of patients with heterogeneous aetiology, in which stroke patients represented a very small fraction. Building upon existing tests, we introduced some procedural ameliorations (incl. a novel procedure for kinetic boundary perimetry) and provided a scoresheet to facilitate the grading. The qualitative visual field tests’ outcome of 67 consecutive RBD stroke patients was compared with the standard automated perimetry (SAP; i.e., reference standard) outcome to calculate sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), both for each individual test and their combinations. The face description test scored the lowest sensitivity and NPV, while the kinetic boundary perimetry scored the highest. No test returned false positives. Combining the monocular static finger wiggle test (by quadrants) and the kinetic boundary perimetry returned the highest sensitivity and specificity, in line with previous studies, but with higher accuracy (100% sensitivity and specificity). These findings indicate that the combination of these two tests is a valid approach with RBD stroke patients, prompting referral for a formal visual field examination, and representing a quick, easy-to-perform, and inexpensive tool for improving their care and prognosis.

Movement patterns in preterm infants can offer crucial insights into their physiological state including maturational development and sleep. These patterns can also serve as early indicators for potential deteriorations, such as cerebral palsy, sepsis, and epilepsy. In this study, we investigated a novel 2-D optical fiber mat system for the automated monitoring of infant movement, thereby enhancing the efficiency and safety of neonatal care in both the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and neonatal medium care unit (NMCU). The 20 preterm infants admitted to both NICU and NMCU were enrolled in the study. They underwent monitoring for a duration of 2–5 h using both an optical fiber mat and a camera which provided valuable movement annotations. The signals from the fiber mat were quantified, selected, and then integrated into a consolidated movement signal. This signal was subsequently transformed into binary states, distinguishing between “movement” and “still” based on the distribution of the movement signal. The proposed fiber mat system achieved a mean [standard deviation (SD)] area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.91 (0.05), and an F-score of 0.73 (0.09), when compared with manually annotated video recordings. This study demonstrates the feasibility of continuous movement monitoring for preterm infants within hospital settings. It illustrates the promising potential to evolve into a predictive tool for monitoring patient deterioration through the fusion of physiological information in both hospital environments and within the comfort of homes.

With the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources such as photovoltaics (PVs), frequent voltage and congestion problems are expected to occur in distribution grids. Existing solution approaches based on centralized or distributed offline optimization cannot handle the dynamics of distribution grids in real time, i.e., by the time the computations are finished, the used data are already outdated as the grid loadings evolve so fast. Moreover, the unfair distribution of costs or burdens among end-users to relieve network issues, for example with PV curtailment, has not been sufficiently considered either. To address these issues, a fairness-incorporated online feedback optimization (OFO) approach is proposed. This approach produces implementable intermediate iterates for inverter-based assets using online optimization and suitably integrated measurements, and thus can work with the distribution grid dynamics. Moreover, it addresses the unfairness issue by modifying the voltage sensitivity matrices and leverages the feedback-based nature of OFO to compensate for the resulting modeling inaccuracies. Case studies based on a 96-bus low-voltage grid demonstrate the effectiveness of the fairness-incorporated OFO to handle the distribution grid dynamics and improve fairness, in both static and dynamic cases, with balanced and unbalanced grid models.

In the JET DTE2 deuterium-tritium campaign, neutron diagnostics were employed to measure 14 MeV neutrons originating from D(T,n)4He reactions. In discharge 99965, a diamond matrix detector (KM14) and a magnetic proton recoil (MPRu) detector with a vertical and an oblique line-of-sight were used, respectively. At the timepoints of interest, a significant decrease in the expected diagnostic signals can be observed as electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is switched off. Utilizing only TRANSP simulation data, the fast-ion distribution is found to have been likely composed mostly of trapped orbits. In contrast, analysis performed using orbit weight functions revealed that the majority of neutrons in the KM14 MeV and MPRu

The demand for a sustainable built environment is no longer a matter of personal choice, and sustainability performances need to be integrated within all activities in the construction projects. Growing performance objectives, including sustainability with several conflicting performance criteria, impose the application of tools based on a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for ranking and selecting sustainable building materials to consider all performance criteria simultaneously. Because both weights of criteria and sensitivity of decisions significantly influence the outcome of the decision-making process, it is important to pay particular attention to both the consistency of judgments by the experts in the field and sensitivity analysis. MCDM approach must allow interfacing with other engineering tools to evaluate performance metrics. This chapter examines the process of ranking and selecting sustainable building materials using the MCDM approach and illustrates how sustainability performance can be integrated into the materials selection process for construction projects.

Outcome under-ascertainment, characterized by the incomplete identification or reporting of cases, poses a substantial challenge in epidemiologic research. While capture-recapture methods can estimate unknown case numbers, their role in estimating exposure effects in observational studies is not well established. This paper presents an ascertainment probability weighting framework that integrates capture-recapture and propensity score weighting. We propose a nonparametric estimator of effects on binary outcomes that combines exposure propensity scores with data from two conditionally independent outcome measurements to simultaneously adjust for confounding and under-ascertainment. Demonstrating its practical application, we apply the method to estimate the relationship between health care work and coronavirus disease 2019 testing in a Swedish region. We find that ascertainment probability weighting greatly influences the estimated association compared to conventional inverse probability weighting, underscoring the importance of accounting for under-ascertainment in studies with limited outcome data coverage. We conclude with practical guidelines for the method’s implementation, discussing its strengths, limitations, and suitable scenarios for application.

The necessity of combining multi-source remote sensing sensors for multi-temporal observation of the Earth, arises from the influence of cloud cover and the limited operational period of single satellite. However, significant differences exist among satellites and among sensors within the same satellite system. In this case, conducting a cross-comparison analysis is crucial for reliable change detection. The Jilin-1 satellite constellation has a total of 108 satellites in orbit, forming the largest commercial remote sensing satellites constellation in China. Firstly, the top of atmosphere (TOA) data from the Jilin-1GF03B series satellites (Jilin-1GF03B04, Jilin-1GF03B05, and Jilin-1GF03B06), following radiometric calibration processing, were selected to evaluate their performance in a single phase by comparison to Sentinel-2 satellites. Subsequently, we compared four spectrum bands and four commonly used biophysical indices, and the results indicated a higher radiation consistency between Jilin-1GF03B and Sentinel-2 satellites, suggested by correlation coefficient (over 0.953), and R2 (over 0.907). Moreover, we assessed the band sensitivity of the two satellites across different land use classes. It was found that Sentinel-2 exhibited greater sensitivity in bare land, vegetation, and forest, whereas the near-infrared band of Jilin-1GF03B proved more sensitive in water areas. Finally, to mitigate the risk of randomness in a single temporal phase, we constructed two long-term vegetation index datasets for phenological analysis. The close performance alignment observed for both single-phase and phenological variations indicated that Jilin-1GF03B satellites and Sentinel-2 can be effectively utilized together for long-term monitoring of Earth surface attributes.

The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally validate the Swedish version of the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS-S) for use in the acute phase of stroke. Further, to evaluate the inter-rater reliability between different healthcare professionals. GUSS was translated into Swedish using a forward-backward method followed by expert rating to obtain content validity. For criterion validity, the GUSS-S score was compared with Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) assessed with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) in acute stroke patients (≤ 96 h after stroke onset). Convergent validity was calculated by comparison with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) as per the comprehensive FEES assessment, the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). To evaluate inter-rater reliability, a nurse and a speech-language pathologist (SLP) independently assessed 30 patients. In total, 80 patients (32 women, median age 77 years (range 29–93) were included, mean 1.7 ± 0.9 days after admission. With a cut-off value of 14 points, the GUSS-S identified aspiration with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73% (area under the curve: 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.95). Spearman rank correlation showed very strong correlation between the GUSS-S and PAS (rs=-0.718, P = < 0.001) and FOIS (rs=0.720, P = 0.001) and strong correlation between the GUSS-S and SSA (rs=0.545, P = < 0.001) and NIHSS (rs=-0.447, P = 0.001). The inter-rater agreement for GUSS-S was substantial (Kw=0.67, P = < 0.001). The results indicate that the GUSS-S is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of dysphagia in acute stroke patients by different healthcare professionals.

Objectives Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common early arrhythmia after heart valve surgery that limits physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the Apple Watch Series 5 single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) for detecting AF in patients after heart valve surgery. Design We enrolled 105 patients from the University Hospital of North Norway, of whom 93 completed the study. All patients underwent single-lead ECG using the smartwatch three times or more daily on the second to third or third to fourth postoperative day. These results were compared with continuous 2–4 days ECG telemetry monitoring and a 12-lead ECG on the third postoperative day. Results On comparing the Apple Watch ECGs with the ECG monitoring, the sensitivity and specificity to detect AF were 91% (75, 100) and 96% (91, 99), respectively. The accuracy was 95% (91, 99). On comparing Apple Watch ECG with a 12-lead ECG, the sensitivity was 71% (62, 100) and the specificity was 92% (92, 100). Conclusion The Apple smartwatch single-lead ECG has high sensitivity and specificity, and might be a useful tool for detecting AF in patients after heart valve surgery., Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common early arrhythmia after heart valve surgery that limits physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the Apple Watch Series 5 single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) for detecting AF in patients after heart valve surgery. Design: We enrolled 105 patients from the University Hospital of North Norway, of whom 93 completed the study. All patients underwent single-lead ECG using the smartwatch three times or more daily on the second to third or third to fourth postoperative day. These results were compared with continuous 2–4 days ECG telemetry monitoring and a 12-lead ECG on the third postoperative day. Results: On comparing the Apple Watch ECGs with the ECG monitoring, the sensitivity and specificity to detect AF were 91% (75, 100) and 96% (91, 99), respectively. The accuracy was 95% (91, 99). On comparing Apple Watch ECG with a 12-lead ECG, the sensitivity was 71% (62, 100) and the specificity was 92% (92, 100). Conclusion: The Apple smartwatch single-lead ECG has high sensitivity and specificity, and might be a useful tool for detecting AF in patients after heart valve surgery.

Introduction: The gold standard method for diagnosing primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) is based on seven patient-reported criteria. By determining an individual criterion’s diagnostic accuracy, one can identify short-version classification models. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from Danish blood donors in 2021. Cohen’s kappa and diagnostic accuracy were determined by comparing each criterion with the gold standard method. Results: The study included 1,039 participants. Of them, 59 (5.7%) had PHH and 980 (94.3%) were classified as control individuals. The PHH major criterion “focal visible excessive sweating for at least 6 months without an apparent cause” had the highest prevalence in the participants with PHH compared to the control individuals (100% vs. 0.6%; p < 0.0001). The agreement between this criterion and PHH was Cohen’s kappa = 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–0.99), and its sensitivity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.94–1.00) and specificity 0.99 (95% CI 0.99–1.00). The other criteria showed lower agreement and diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: The PHH major criterion showed near-perfect agreement and near-equal diagnostic accuracy compared with the gold standard method. This single criterion can be used as a short-form version to screen for PHH. Determination of reproducibility in independent populations is warranted. Keywords: diagnostic accuracy, primary hyperhidrosis, sensitivity, short-form version, specificit, Introduction: The gold standard method for diagnosing primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) is based on seven patient-reported criteria. By determining an individual criterion’s diagnostic accuracy, one can identify short-version classification models. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from Danish blood donors in 2021. Cohen’s kappa and diagnostic accuracy were determined by comparing each criterion with the gold standard method. Results: The study included 1,039 participants. Of them, 59 (5.7%) had PHH and 980 (94.3%) were classified as control individuals. The PHH major criterion “focal visible excessive sweating for at least 6 months without an apparent cause” had the highest prevalence in the participants with PHH compared to the control individuals (100% vs. 0.6%; p < 0.0001). The agreement between this criterion and PHH was Cohen’s kappa = 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–0.99), and its sensitivity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.94–1.00) and specificity 0.99 (95% CI 0.99–1.00). The other criteria showed lower agreement and diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: The PHH major criterion showed near-perfect agreement and near-equal diagnostic accuracy compared with the gold standard method. This single criterion can be used as a short-form version to screen for PHH. Determination of reproducibility in independent populations is warranted.

Background: Bladder cancer ranks as the 10th most common cancer globally. The diagnosis of bladder tumors typically involves cystoscopy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy in detecting bladder tumors within a surveillance program following a bladder cancer diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study utilized recordings of cystoscopies conducted at the Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, between July 2021 and November 2022. Clinical observations were cross-referenced with pathological results or follow-up cystoscopies. Clinically negative cystoscopies were further scrutinized for potential overlooked tumors. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: Sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy were assessed through ROC curve analysis. Results and Limitations: A total of 565 cystoscopies were recorded, with 135 indicating clinical positivity. Among 181 cystoscopies with clinically negative results that underwent a follow-up cystoscopy, 17 patients (9.4%) were subsequently diagnosed with bladder cancer, with the lesions identified in the initial cystoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy in these cases were 81% and 73%, respectively. Conclusion: This trial underscores the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of bladder tumors within the current surveillance program. Additionally, aggressive malignant lesions may be overlooked, heightening the risk of disease progression. Therefore, it is recommended that cystoscopies be complemented by other diagnostic methods to ensure accurate diagnosis and proper patient treatment. Patient Summary: This study involved 316 patients who underwent video-recorded cystoscopies and subsequent follow-up. Of these patients, 181 initially exhibited no clinical signs of bladder cancer. However, upon reviewing the recorded cystoscopy, bladder cancer was identified in 17 patients (9.4%)., Background: Bladder cancer ranks as the 10th most common cancer globally. The diagnosis of bladder tumors typically involves cystoscopy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy in detecting bladder tumors within a surveillance program following a bladder cancer diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study utilized recordings of cystoscopies conducted at the Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, between July 2021 and November 2022. Clinical observations were cross-referenced with pathological results or follow-up cystoscopies. Clinically negative cystoscopies were further scrutinized for potential overlooked tumors. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: Sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy were assessed through ROC curve analysis. Results and Limitations: A total of 565 cystoscopies were recorded, with 135 indicating clinical positivity. Among 181 cystoscopies with clinically negative results that underwent a follow-up cystoscopy, 17 patients (9.4%) were subsequently diagnosed with bladder cancer, with the lesions identified in the initial cystoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy in these cases were 81% and 73%, respectively. Conclusion: This trial underscores the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of bladder tumors within the current surveillance program. Additionally, aggressive malignant lesions may be overlooked, heightening the risk of disease progression. Therefore, it is recommended that cystoscopies be complemented by other diagnostic methods to ensure accurate diagnosis and proper patient treatment. Patient Summary: This study involved 316 patients who underwent video-recorded cystoscopies and subsequent follow-up. Of these patients, 181 initially exhibited no clinical signs of bladder cancer. However, upon reviewing the recorded cystoscopy, bladder cancer was identified in 17 patients (9.4%).

Objectives Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common early arrhythmia after heart valve surgery that limits physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the Apple Watch Series 5 single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) for detecting AF in patients after heart valve surgery. Design We enrolled 105 patients from the University Hospital of North Norway, of whom 93 completed the study. All patients underwent single-lead ECG using the smartwatch three times or more daily on the second to third or third to fourth postoperative day. These results were compared with continuous 2–4 days ECG telemetry monitoring and a 12-lead ECG on the third postoperative day. Results On comparing the Apple Watch ECGs with the ECG monitoring, the sensitivity and specificity to detect AF were 91% (75, 100) and 96% (91, 99), respectively. The accuracy was 95% (91, 99). On comparing Apple Watch ECG with a 12-lead ECG, the sensitivity was 71% (62, 100) and the specificity was 92% (92, 100). Conclusion The Apple smartwatch single-lead ECG has high sensitivity and specificity, and might be a useful tool for detecting AF in patients after heart valve surgery., Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common early arrhythmia after heart valve surgery that limits physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the Apple Watch Series 5 single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) for detecting AF in patients after heart valve surgery. Design: We enrolled 105 patients from the University Hospital of North Norway, of whom 93 completed the study. All patients underwent single-lead ECG using the smartwatch three times or more daily on the second to third or third to fourth postoperative day. These results were compared with continuous 2–4 days ECG telemetry monitoring and a 12-lead ECG on the third postoperative day. Results: On comparing the Apple Watch ECGs with the ECG monitoring, the sensitivity and specificity to detect AF were 91% (75, 100) and 96% (91, 99), respectively. The accuracy was 95% (91, 99). On comparing Apple Watch ECG with a 12-lead ECG, the sensitivity was 71% (62, 100) and the specificity was 92% (92, 100). Conclusion: The Apple smartwatch single-lead ECG has high sensitivity and specificity, and might be a useful tool for detecting AF in patients after heart valve surgery.

Background: Bladder cancer ranks as the 10th most common cancer globally. The diagnosis of bladder tumors typically involves cystoscopy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy in detecting bladder tumors within a surveillance program following a bladder cancer diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study utilized recordings of cystoscopies conducted at the Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, between July 2021 and November 2022. Clinical observations were cross-referenced with pathological results or follow-up cystoscopies. Clinically negative cystoscopies were further scrutinized for potential overlooked tumors. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: Sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy were assessed through ROC curve analysis. Results and Limitations: A total of 565 cystoscopies were recorded, with 135 indicating clinical positivity. Among 181 cystoscopies with clinically negative results that underwent a follow-up cystoscopy, 17 patients (9.4%) were subsequently diagnosed with bladder cancer, with the lesions identified in the initial cystoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy in these cases were 81% and 73%, respectively. Conclusion: This trial underscores the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of bladder tumors within the current surveillance program. Additionally, aggressive malignant lesions may be overlooked, heightening the risk of disease progression. Therefore, it is recommended that cystoscopies be complemented by other diagnostic methods to ensure accurate diagnosis and proper patient treatment. Patient Summary: This study involved 316 patients who underwent video-recorded cystoscopies and subsequent follow-up. Of these patients, 181 initially exhibited no clinical signs of bladder cancer. However, upon reviewing the recorded cystoscopy, bladder cancer was identified in 17 patients (9.4%)., Background: Bladder cancer ranks as the 10th most common cancer globally. The diagnosis of bladder tumors typically involves cystoscopy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy in detecting bladder tumors within a surveillance program following a bladder cancer diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study utilized recordings of cystoscopies conducted at the Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, between July 2021 and November 2022. Clinical observations were cross-referenced with pathological results or follow-up cystoscopies. Clinically negative cystoscopies were further scrutinized for potential overlooked tumors. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: Sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy were assessed through ROC curve analysis. Results and Limitations: A total of 565 cystoscopies were recorded, with 135 indicating clinical positivity. Among 181 cystoscopies with clinically negative results that underwent a follow-up cystoscopy, 17 patients (9.4%) were subsequently diagnosed with bladder cancer, with the lesions identified in the initial cystoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy in these cases were 81% and 73%, respectively. Conclusion: This trial underscores the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of bladder tumors within the current surveillance program. Additionally, aggressive malignant lesions may be overlooked, heightening the risk of disease progression. Therefore, it is recommended that cystoscopies be complemented by other diagnostic methods to ensure accurate diagnosis and proper patient treatment. Patient Summary: This study involved 316 patients who underwent video-recorded cystoscopies and subsequent follow-up. Of these patients, 181 initially exhibited no clinical signs of bladder cancer. However, upon reviewing the recorded cystoscopy, bladder cancer was identified in 17 patients (9.4%).