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Intercropping landscapes characterised by the presence of certain plant features are usually considered traditional landscapes, important for their biocultural heritage. In recent decades, olive agroforestry systems previously widespread throughout Sicily have transitioned to monocultures alongside the disappearance of other tree species. To analyse the dynamics of land use, we combine mathematical representations and oral narratives of spatial change, focussing our case study on a rural area of inner Sicily, Cozzo del Lampo, characterised by a high presence of century-old olive trees. By using local geonarratives in combination with the results of change detection analysis using historical aerial images spanning 50 years (1955 - 2005), we gain insights into the relationality of people and places over time, highlighting how biocultural heritage is correlated to both local culture and ecology, and demonstrating the value of ecological perspectives to understand past and current human actions. The active engagement of the local population in the interpretation of their own (past-present) practices is key to access new ecological knowledge.

Alternanthera maritima was found in the southeastern part of Sicily, marking a new floristic record for both Italy and Europe. This paper provides an analysis of the morphological characteristics observed in the collected specimens and explores the ecological features of the community where they were found. Also, we discuss the taxonomic criticality of the genus and assess the risk that the new finding may become invasive.

This research paper studies the evolution of the Arab-Norman style in sacred monuments across Sicily, mainly in Palermo and adjacent cities, from the 9th to 12th century. The focus is on three edifices: the Monreale Cathedral, San Cataldo Church and Cathedral-Basilica of Cefalù. The premise of the research is to explore the cultural convergence of Byzantine, Moorish and Norman styles, and how it led to the creation of the unique, Arab-Norman style. Through a diverse, interdisciplinary line of action, using historical records, cultural context and previously written academic papers the extent of the influence of the three styles will be explored., AR2A011, Architectural History Thesis, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

En Sicilia, sobre todo después de la visita de Carlos V empieza –junto con la necesidad de transformar la isla en una fortaleza– el desarrollo de una cartografía militar controlada por la Corona española. Di- ferentes ingenieros-arquitectos representan las ciudades costeras del Reino a través de planos, mapas y descripciones como la de Fra Tiburzio Spannocchi (1578) y Camillo Camiliani (1584). En este artículo, después de reconstruir sintéticamente el panorama cartográfico siciliano, queremos hacer mención a aquellos atlas que, alejándose de propósitos ligados simplemente a factores militares, podrían ser contemplados como fuente de placer por parte de sus mecenas. Dentro de este escenario aparece como protagonista la obra cartográica Teatro Geográico antiguo y moderno del Reyno de Sicilia de 1686 que –a través de su representación gráfica– responde a una nueva cultura barroca y al mismo tiempo se pre- senta como precursora de unas obras formadas por un équipe de artistas autores del Voyage pittoresque del siglo XVIII., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España. Beca FPI 2009-020037, Depto. de Historia del Arte, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

This paper investigates an unpublished manuscript atlas of the kingdom of Sicily composed of seven drawings and entitled Carta corographica del Reyno de Sicilia con los Planos de sus Principales Plazas el año 1707. After examining the cartographic production of Sicily under the influence of the Spanish empire, the study focuses on the analysis of the Atlas itself. The set of the plans offers information of high strategic and military level. The cartouches and the drawings that constitute the Atlas allow binding its creation to the military culture of the time., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Programa Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación, Depto. de Historia del Arte, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

The late Miocene deposits from core 3AGN2S04, located in the northern Caltanissetta Basin (Sicily), display the pre-Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) and the MSC events. The present study describes the entire core in terms of lithology, biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy and aims to enlighten the relationship between MSC evaporite cyclicity and astronomical forcing. The lithological and micro−/macro-paleontological descriptions document the MSC record, with Stage 1 (onset and Calcare di Base member), Stage 2 (Messinian Erosional Surface) and part of Stage 3 (Upper Gypsum and Lago Mare). Detailed micro-fossil analyses of the pre-evaporites reveal several biostratigraphic events that permit correlations to the well-dated Mediterranean planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic zonation of the late Tortonian and Messinian. An integrated bio-cyclostratigraphic analysis allows bed-to-bed correlations of core 3AGN2S04 with the reference sections of Falconara/Gibliscemi (Sicily) and Sorbas (Spain), but also with various other sections from the Caltanissetta Basin. Our cyclostratigraphic correlations show a stratigraphical gap in the core between the late Tortonian Terravecchia Formation and the pre-evaporitic Messinian Tripoli Formation. This hiatus is probably related to the tectonically active geological setting of the northern Caltanissetta Basin. Finally, we show that the repercussions of the paleoenvironmental evolution towards evaporitic deposition and the MSC onset seem to have been diachronous throughout the various perched basins on Sicily characterized by different paleobathymetries. In particular, the onset of the Calcare di Base took place around 40–100 ka before the deposition of the first gypsum bed of the Primary Lower Gypsum units.

This study introduces the project called “Archives of Female Architects in 20th Century’s Sicily” which, through the collaboration of archivists and architectural historians, carries on the reorganisation and digitalisation of four female architects’ archives born in the 1930s in Sicily. The project, supported by public institutions, is promoted by the families who kept these professionals’ archives and aims to highlight the characteristics and specificities of their activity that remained in the shadow in a mendominated context.

Seasonal cycles in plants and animals drive key timings of human practices in an agrosystem like the best time for harvest, planting, or pruning. Within the framework of historical phenological studies, we attempt a reconstruction of the olive (Olea europaea L.) phenology along millennia. Thanks to its extraordinary longevity, the olive tree is a living proxy from the past and embodies a still uncollected long-term memory of ecological behaviors. A cultural keystone species, olive cultivation has more and more played a crucial role for biodiversity conservation, livelihood of rural communities and their enrooted cultural identity in the whole Mediterranean. By compiling traditional phenological knowledge from historical written sources and oral traditions, and using it as historical bio-indicator of the linkage between human ecological practices and seasonal changes of plant behavior, we compiled a monthly ecological calendar of the olive tree covering the last ∼2800 years. As a case study, we chose a special place: Sicily, unique for its position in the Mediterranean, geomorphology and legacies in the form of cross-temporal accumulated eco-cultures. Such a sui generis ecological calendar provides an additional case study to explore the intertwining of plant behavior and human adaptation strategies and the interplay between cultural diversity, ecological disturbance and phenological stability. All of this, in turn, can inform action for the present and future sustainable management of these millennial trees.

Seasonal cycles in plants and animals drive key timings of human practices in an agrosystem like the best time for harvest, planting, or pruning. Within the framework of historical phenological studies, we attempt a reconstruction of the olive (Olea europaea L.) phenology along millennia. Thanks to its extraordinary longevity, the olive tree is a living proxy from the past and embodies a still uncollected long-term memory of ecological behaviors. A cultural keystone species, olive cultivation has more and more played a crucial role for biodiversity conservation, livelihood of rural communities and their enrooted cultural identity in the whole Mediterranean. By compiling traditional phenological knowledge from historical written sources and oral traditions, and using it as historical bio-indicator of the linkage between human ecological practices and seasonal changes of plant behavior, we compiled a monthly ecological calendar of the olive tree covering the last similar to 2800 years. As a case study, we chose a special place: Sicily, unique for its position in the Mediterranean, geomorphology and legacies in the form of cross-temporal accumulated eco-cultures. Such a sui generis ecological calendar provides an additional case study to explore the intertwining of plant behavior and human adaptation strategies and the interplay between cultural diversity, ecological disturbance and phenological stability. All of this, in turn, can inform action for the present and future sustainable management of these millennial trees.

Seasonal cycles in plants and animals drive key timings of human practices in an agrosystem like the best time for harvest, planting, or pruning. Within the framework of historical phenological studies, we attempt a reconstruction of the olive (Olea europaea L.) phenology along millennia. Thanks to its extraordinary longevity, the olive tree is a living proxy from the past and embodies a still uncollected long-term memory of ecological behaviors. A cultural keystone species, olive cultivation has more and more played a crucial role for biodiversity conservation, livelihood of rural communities and their enrooted cultural identity in the whole Mediterranean. By compiling traditional phenological knowledge from historical written sources and oral traditions, and using it as historical bio-indicator of the linkage between human ecological practices and seasonal changes of plant behavior, we compiled a monthly ecological calendar of the olive tree covering the last ∼2800 years. As a case study, we chose a special place: Sicily, unique for its position in the Mediterranean, geomorphology and legacies in the form of cross-temporal accumulated eco-cultures. Such a sui generis ecological calendar provides an additional case study to explore the intertwining of plant behavior and human adaptation strategies and the interplay between cultural diversity, ecological disturbance and phenological stability. All of this, in turn, can inform action for the present and future sustainable management of these millennial trees.

Seasonal cycles in plants and animals drive key timings of human practices in an agrosystem like the best time for harvest, planting, or pruning. Within the framework of historical phenological studies, we attempt a reconstruction of the olive (Olea europaea L.) phenology along millennia. Thanks to its extraordinary longevity, the olive tree is a living proxy from the past and embodies a still uncollected long-term memory of ecological behaviors. A cultural keystone species, olive cultivation has more and more played a crucial role for biodiversity conservation, livelihood of rural communities and their enrooted cultural identity in the whole Mediterranean. By compiling traditional phenological knowledge from historical written sources and oral traditions, and using it as historical bio-indicator of the linkage between human ecological practices and seasonal changes of plant behavior, we compiled a monthly ecological calendar of the olive tree covering the last ∼2800 years. As a case study, we chose a special place: Sicily, unique for its position in the Mediterranean, geomorphology and legacies in the form of cross-temporal accumulated eco-cultures. Such a sui generis ecological calendar provides an additional case study to explore the intertwining of plant behavior and human adaptation strategies and the interplay between cultural diversity, ecological disturbance and phenological stability. All of this, in turn, can inform action for the present and future sustainable management of these millennial trees.

Seasonal cycles in plants and animals drive key timings of human practices in an agrosystem like the best time for harvest, planting, or pruning. Within the framework of historical phenological studies, we attempt a reconstruction of the olive (Olea europaea L.) phenology along millennia. Thanks to its extraordinary longevity, the olive tree is a living proxy from the past and embodies a still uncollected long-term memory of ecological behaviors. A cultural keystone species, olive cultivation has more and more played a crucial role for biodiversity conservation, livelihood of rural communities and their enrooted cultural identity in the whole Mediterranean. By compiling traditional phenological knowledge from historical written sources and oral traditions, and using it as historical bio-indicator of the linkage between human ecological practices and seasonal changes of plant behavior, we compiled a monthly ecological calendar of the olive tree covering the last ∼2800 years. As a case study, we chose a special place: Sicily, unique for its position in the Mediterranean, geomorphology and legacies in the form of cross-temporal accumulated eco-cultures. Such a sui generis ecological calendar provides an additional case study to explore the intertwining of plant behavior and human adaptation strategies and the interplay between cultural diversity, ecological disturbance and phenological stability. All of this, in turn, can inform action for the present and future sustainable management of these millennial trees.

In the present work we deal with the presence of processional giants in the south of Italy. With total certainty we can affirm that the giants arrive to Sicily by the expansion of the Crown of Aragon towards Italy and later this festivity crosses the strait of Messina to reach Calabria, being these two Italian regions the ones that exhibit a greater presence and rootedness of the dance of giants., En el presente trabajo tratamos de la presencia de gigantes y cabezudos (Giganti e testoni) en el sur de Italia. Con total certeza podemos afirmar que los gigantes llegaron a Sicilia por la expansión de la corona de Aragón hacia Italia, y posteriormente esta festividad cruzó el estrecho de Mesina para llegar a Calabria, siendo estas dos regiones italianas las que exhiben una mayor presencia y arraigo de la danza de gigantes.

This paper analyzes the body of administrators responsible for governing and controlling the territories granted to Isabel of Castile pro Camera, as a matrimonial assignment for being the consort of the next king of Aragon. The study of these manors in Catalonia and Sicily demonstrates the existence of certain political programs to place the confidants of the monarchy in a strategic position. Their presence in the towns, administrated by the queen, ensured strict control over distant cities and seaports in addition to the appropriate collection of her incomes and emoluments. At the same time, Isabel used the administrative posts as a reward and promotion for the families of her inner circle. We consider different officers and families in order to understand how the interests of the monarchy were intertwined with the local ruling class and their courtiers.

In the present work we deal with the presence of processional giants in the south of Italy. With total certainty we can affirm that the giants arrive to Sicily by the expansion of the Crown of Aragon towards Italy and later this festivity crosses the strait of Messina to reach Calabria, being these two Italian regions the ones that exhibit a greater presence and rootedness of the dance of giants., En el presente trabajo tratamos de la presencia de gigantes y cabezudos (Giganti e testoni) en el sur de Italia. Con total certeza podemos afirmar que los gigantes llegaron a Sicilia por la expansión de la corona de Aragón hacia Italia, y posteriormente esta festividad cruzó el estrecho de Mesina para llegar a Calabria, siendo estas dos regiones italianas las que exhiben una mayor presencia y arraigo de la danza de gigantes.

To investigate the influence of geographic constrains to mobility on SARS-CoV-2 circulation before the advent of vaccination, we recently characterized the occurrence in Sicily of viral lineages in the second pandemic wave (September to December 2020). Our data revealed wide prevalence of the then widespread through Europe B.1.177 variant, although some viral samples could not be classified with the limited Sanger sequencing tools used. A particularly interesting sample could not be fitted to a major variant then circulating in Europe and has been subjected here to full genome sequencing in an attempt to clarify its origin, lineage and relations with the seven full genome sequences deposited for that period in Sicily, hoping to provide clues on viral evolution. The obtained genome is unique (not present in databases). It hosts 20 single-base substitutions relative to the original Wuhan-Hu-1 sequence, 8 of them synonymous and the other 12 encoding 11 amino acid substitutions, all of them already reported one by one. They include four highly prevalent substitutions, NSP12:P323L, S:D614G, and N:R203K/G204R; the much less prevalent S:G181V, ORF3a:G49V and N:R209I changes; and the very rare mutations NSP3:L761I, NSP6:S106F, NSP8:S41F and NSP14:Y447H. GISAID labeled this genome as B.1.1 lineage, a lineage that appeared early on in the pandemic. Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed this lineage diagnosis. Comparison with the seven genome sequences deposited in late 2020 from Sicily revealed branching leading to B.1.177 in one branch and to Alpha in the other branch, and suggested a local origin for the S:G118V mutation.

Seasonal cycles in plants and animals drive key timings of human practices in an agrosystem like the best time for harvest, planting, or pruning. Within the framework of historical phenological studies, we attempt a reconstruction of the olive (Olea europaea L.) phenology along millennia. Thanks to its extraordinary longevity, the olive tree is a living proxy from the past and embodies a still uncollected long-term memory of ecological behaviors. A cultural keystone species, olive cultivation has more and more played a crucial role for biodiversity conservation, livelihood of rural communities and their enrooted cultural identity in the whole Mediterranean. By compiling traditional phenological knowledge from historical written sources and oral traditions, and using it as historical bio-indicator of the linkage between human ecological practices and seasonal changes of plant behavior, we compiled a monthly ecological calendar of the olive tree covering the last ∼2800 years. As a case study, we chose a special place: Sicily, unique for its position in the Mediterranean, geomorphology and legacies in the form of cross-temporal accumulated eco-cultures. Such a sui generis ecological calendar provides an additional case study to explore the intertwining of plant behavior and human adaptation strategies and the interplay between cultural diversity, ecological disturbance and phenological stability. All of this, in turn, can inform action for the present and future sustainable management of these millennial trees.

Lasius maltaeus Seifert, 2020 was recently described as a Maltese endemic ant based on quantitative morphology, after decades of uncertainties over the identity of the local population, which has a phenotype resembling L. emarginatus (Olivier, 1791). At the same time, Sicilian L. emarginatus populations were discovered to diverge in their mitochondrial DNA to a degree that suggested heterospecificity. Considering the biogeographic similarity of Malta and Sicily, with land bridges connecting them repeatedly until the last glacial maximum, we questioned the assumption that L. maltaeus was endemic to Malta. We integrated quantitative morphology and mtDNA in the study of the Maltese and southern Italian populations phenotypically close to L. emarginatus. We discovered that the range of L. maltaeus extends over most of Sicily, while the true L. emarginatus replace it in the north-eastern sector of the island, the nearby Aeolian Islands, and the Italian peninsula. The distributions of L. emarginatus and L. maltaeus in Sicily follow biogeographic patterns recalling the island’s complex paleogeographic history. Further investigations should verify the existence of truly Maltese endemic ants, since the status of other allegedly endemic species is not strongly supported.

Este artículo analiza la influencia de la dominación española en la moda y el gusto en Sicilia. El vestido “a la española” se convirtió en un medio de distinción en la sociedad aristocrática siciliana y el arte textil se convirtió en un medio de difusión de la cultura y el gusto de la época. Gracias a los grandes intercambios políticos y económicos que Sicilia mantuvo con España, la isla se convirtió en un punto de referencia y las grandes familias nobles sicilianas se alinearon con las más grandes cortes europeas en términos de lujo, elegancia y opulencia., This article analyses the influence of Spanish domination on fashion and taste in Sicily. The ‘Spanish style’ dress became a means of distinction in Sicilian aristocratic society and the art of textiles became a means of spreading the culture and taste of the time. Thanks to the great political and economic exchanges that Sicily had with Spain, the island became a focal point and the great Sicilian noble families aligned themselves with the greatest European courts in terms of luxury, elegance and opulence.

Formica clara is an ant species that was historically confused with other congeneric species such as F. rufibarbis until recent taxonomic developments. Due to such misunderstanding, while F. clara is known to occur across a very large Eurasian range, its actual distribution in the Mediterranean is often scarcely known. The distribution of F. clara and F. rufibarbis in Italy is remarkably obscure since almost all records, which spanned across the whole Italian peninsula and Sardinia, were published between 1834 and 1969, at times when the two species were treated as a single taxon. The few modern records of the species testify the presence of F. rufibarbis in the Alps, and F. clara in the Alps, the Po Plain and Sardinia. Here we present some new distributional data on the two species, extending the geographic range of F. rufibarbis south to the Northern Apennines (225 km) and that of F. clara throughout the Italian Peninsula south to Sicily (900 km). These results significantly change the previous understanding of F. rufibarbis as a widespread species while suggesting F. clara to be a common mountain species through the whole Apennines. Further investigations will be needed to verify whether F. rufibarbis occurs farther south.&nbsp

The paper aims to analize printed reports describing the earthquake that destroyed many cities in eastern Sicily in January 1693. In particular, this kind of printing production, called stampe d’occasione, chronicle events deemed important to the local community. These printed books also had a divulgative function of the contemporary facts, even dramatic, that involved the territory. The editions currently surveyed are present in very few copies, in most cases preserved in non-Sicilian libraries and bound inside miscellaneous volumes.

Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya, Altres ajuts: Operational Programme Research, Development and Education Project (CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16_027/0008360), Archaeological investigations carried out in the cave Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro, Bagheria, Sicily, revealed the presence of a few skeletal elements of a large-sized tortoise in a funerary area dating to the Copper/Bronze Age. The tortoise has been AMS-dated revealing an age of 12.5 ± 0.5 kyr BP and therefore it pre-dates the funerary activities. The morphology of the retrieved skeletal elements differs from that of the only native tortoise currently living in Sicily, Testudo hermanni. The tortoise's size significantly exceeds the size range of extant Te. hermanni and all Testudo spp., as well as that of their known fossils, and suggests a shell length of 50-60 cm. Repeated efforts to obtain DNA sequences from the tortoise of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro failed, but the morphology of the femur is distinct enough to allow us to erect a new taxon, Solitudo sicula gen. et sp. nov., based on a parsimony analysis. It belongs to a hitherto unrecognized clade that includes other large-sized tortoises from Mediterranean islands, like Malta and Menorca. A review of the pertinent taxa indicates that the remains here described represent the geologically youngest large-sized tortoise of the Mediterranean area.

Through the Arabic versions about Philip of Mahdia’s events, a 12th century Norman-Sicilian warlord at the service of Roger II, we will suggest a new reading of the passage that could date back to the narration related to Philip, today lost, by the historian Ibn al-Šaddād., Al reconsiderar las versiones árabes de los hechos llevados a cabo por Felipe de Mahdía, caballero sículo-normando de mitad del siglo XII al servicio de Roger II, proponemos una nueva lectura que podría remontarse a la narración de los hechos por parte del historiador Ibn al-Šaddādm, que en la actualidad está perdid

We propose some considerations on the theme of memory through the reading of Cicero’s Verrines, fundamental sources, with the archaeological ones, for the study of Sicily during the late Republican period. The dispersion caused by the art thefts of Verre constitutes a destructive process of the memory, based on the images, linked inextricably to their context. The message of the Verrines is still actual especially regarded to clandestine trade of artworks., Proponemos algunas consideraciones sobre el tema de la memoria a través de la lectura de las Verrines de Cicerón, fuentes fundamentales, junto con las arqueológicas, para el estudio de la Sicilia tardorrepublicana. La dispersión provocada por los robos de arte de Verre constituye un proceso destructivo de la memoria, a partir de las imágenes, ligadas indisolublemente a su contexto. El mensaje de los Verrines sigue vigente especialmente en lo que se refiere al comercio clandestino de obras de arte., Proponiamo alcune considerazioni sul tema della memoria attraverso passi scelti delle Verrine di Cicerone, che rappresentano, accanto alle fonti archeologiche, una testimonianza fondamentale per lo studio della Sicilia di età tardorepubblicana. Le opere d’arte siracusane facenti parte del bottino di Marcello sono all’origine di una vera e propria svolta nel gusto dei Romani, attratti per la prima volta dal fascino irresistibile dell’arte greca. La dispersione delle opere determinata dal fenomeno dilagante del collezionismo privato e dai furti di Verre innesca un processo distruttivo della memoria identitaria, ancorata alle immagini, indissolubilmente legate al loro contesto di appartenenza. La lettura delle Verrine, e del De signis in particolare, offre spunti attuali di riflessione, specie riguardo alla piaga del commercio clandestino delle opere d’arte.

The aim of this study is to analyze the armorial coinage of Magna Graecia and Sicily (V-III BC) in order to find an interpretation of their iconography and message. The military theme is frequently repeated in ancient Greek numismatics; however, this research aims to locate the message launched and interpreted by ancient societies. To this end, the methodology followed has been to analyze the issues issued in these geographical areas before the Roman invasion and to compare the frequency of representations on each coin type and value in order to understand the reason of those themes’ selections according to the different coin values., El objetivo de este estudio radica en el análisis de los tipos monetales armamentísticos de las monedas de Magna Grecia y Sicilia entre los siglos V-III a.C.) buscando una interpretación a su iconografía y mensaje. Los tipos monetales de temática militar son muy frecuentes en la numismática helena y con esta investigación se pretende localizar el mensaje lanzado e interpretado por las sociedades antiguas a través suyo. Para ello la metodología seguida ha sido analizar las emisiones realizadas en estas áreas geográficas antes de la invasión romana, contrastando la frecuencia de las representaciones en cada tipo de moneda y valor. Así es como se han podido extraer las razones de la elección de las representaciones y la importancia del tipo de mensaje expedido en virtud del valor de la moneda sobre la que se hacía.

Formica clara is an ant species that was historically confused with other congeneric species such as F. rufibarbis until recent taxonomic developments. Due to such misunderstanding, while F. clara is known to occur across a very large Eurasian range, its actual distribution in the Mediterranean is often scarcely known. The distribution of F. clara and F. rufibarbis in Italy is remarkably obscure since almost all records, which spanned across the whole Italian peninsula and Sardinia, were published between 1834 and 1969, at times when the two species were treated as a single taxon. The few modern records of the species testify the presence of F. rufibarbis in the Alps, and F. clara in the Alps, the Po Plain and Sardinia. Here we present some new distributional data on the two species, extending the geographic range of F. rufibarbis south to the Northern Apennines (225 km) and that of F. clara throughout the Italian Peninsula south to Sicily (900 km). These results significantly change the previous understanding of F. rufibarbis as a widespread species while suggesting F. clara to be a common mountain species through the whole Apennines. Further investigations will be needed to verify whether F. rufibarbis occurs farther south.&nbsp

On the sole basis of morphometric analysis, it was routinely presumed that Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758), Zizeeria knysna (Trimen, 1862) and Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775), occur in Malta. Recent DNA-based investigations (in-part combined with morphometric analysis) on islands and continental landmasses in the central Mediterranean shed light on the phylogeography of these and other, closely related, species. The present contribution focuses on seasonal and multi-location investigations within Malta of the genera Pontia, Zizeeria and Polyommatus. Voucher specimens from Sicily, Lampedusa and Spain are also analysed. A total of 43 specimens, in the following configuration are examined: Pontia (n = 21), Polyommatus (n = 11), Zizeeria (n = 11). DNA results obtained confirm the presence in Malta of Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777), Zizeeria karsandra (Moore, 1865) and Polyommatus celina (Austaut, 1879); conversely, Z. knysna and P. icarus are not reported from within the suite of specimens sequenced, while the presence of P. daplidice is confirmed from Lampedusa and, predictably, from the arid Monegros region in Spain.&nbsp

The paper aims to analize printed reports describing the earthquake that destroyed many cities in eastern Sicily in January 1693. In particular, this kind of printing production, called stampe d’occasione, chronicle events deemed important to the local community. These printed books also had a divulgative function of the contemporary facts, even dramatic, that involved the territory. The editions currently surveyed are present in very few copies, in most cases preserved in non-Sicilian libraries and bound inside miscellaneous volumes.

Der spätarchaische Monte Iato, Sizilien, ist ein Schnittpunkt zwischen einer lokalen und einer fremden “Welt”. Mit der Ankunft der griechischen Siedler im 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr. nahm ihr Einfluss auf die einheimische Bevölkerung stetig zu. Am deutlichsten wird dies im 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr., als der lokale Kultplatz von Monte Iato zu einem wichtigen Ort für Versammlungen und Feste nach griechischem Vorbild wurde. Obwohl die Auswirkungen dieses neuen Einflusses beträchtlich waren, blieb das indigene Leben bestehen, und es lassen sich lokale Zusammenkünfte nachweisen. Diese dualistische Lebensform kann anhand zahlreicher Keramiken beobachtet werden, die bei Festen und Konsumpraktiken verwendet wurden. Um diese beiden gegensätzlichen Welten besser zu verstehen, wurde die indigene attingitoio und die griechische kylix ausgewählt, um mittels einer organischen Rückstandsanalyse untersucht zu werden. In dieser Arbeit werden Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen diesen beiden Gefäßen aufgezeigt, welche (wahrscheinlich) zum Trinken oder zur Handhabung einer Flüssigkeit in einem rituellen Kontext verwendet wurden. Zur besseren Veranschaulichung der beiden Welten stammen die ausgewählten attingitoi von verschiedenen Arealen der einheimischen Gebieten des Westviertels. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden die kylices aus einem griechisch inspirierten Monumentalbau, dem Late Archaic House (LAH), ausgewählt. Das LAH ist nicht nur in moderner, griechischer Bauweise errichtet, sondern in dem zweistöckigen Gebäude können auch klinai rekonstruiert werden. Daher liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass einige Räume im LAH für Symposien genutzt wurden. Außerdem wurden am Monte Iato mehrere Keramiken gefunden, die mit dem Konsum von Wein in Verbindung gebracht werden. Dies lässt darauf schließen, dass ein griechisches alkoholisches Getränk am Monte Iato konsumiert worden sein muss. Um dies zu überprüfen, wurde eine spezifische Analyse zum Nachweis von Weinsäure gewählt, um festzustellen, ob die kylices f, Late Archaic Monte Iato, Sicily, is a crossroad between a local and a foreign "world". With the arrival of the Greek settlers in the 6th century BC, their influence on the local population steadily increased. This is most evident in the 5th century B.C., when the local cult site of Monte Iato became an important place for Greek-style gatherings and festivals. Although the impact of this new influence was considerable, indigenous life persisted and evidence of indigenous gatherings can be found. This dualistic way of life can be observed in numerous ceramics used for festivals and consumption practices. To better understand these two opposing worlds, the indigenous attingitoio and the Greek kylix were chosen to be studied through organic residue analysis. This work will highlight differences and similarities between these two vessels, which were (likely) used for drinking or handling a liquid in a ritual context. To better illustrate the two worlds, the selected attingitoi come from different areas of the indigenous areas of the Western Quarter. In contrast, the kylices were selected from a Greek-inspired monumental building, the Late Archaic House (LAH). Not only is the LAH constructed in a modern Greek style, but klinai can also be reconstructed in the two-story building. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that some rooms in the LAH were used for symposia. Moreover, several ceramics associated with the consumption of wine have been found at Monte Iato. This suggests that this alcoholic beverage must have been consumed at Monte Iato during gatherings. To verify this, a specific analysis for the detection of wine acids was chosen to determine if the kylices were used for a Greek-style drinking festival and if the attingitoi followed this trend and were also used for wine drinking or if the native vessels continued to be used for an indigenous consumption practice. For this reason, four kylices, ten attingitoi from two different phases, one incisa amphora, and one, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2022

El proceso del tercer duque de Osuna involucró a una gran variedad de personajes con los que mantuvo algún tipo de colaboración durante sus años como virrey. Uno de estos personajes fue el marqués de Charela, con quien Osuna no solamente compartió intereses comunes, sino también desgracias desde el mismo momento en que comenzaron a colaborar juntos. En el presente artículo, a partir del análisis de un pleito celebrado en 1623 sobre el paradero de cerca de 50.000 escudos durante el virreinato de Osuna en Sicilia, se pretende no solamente conocer de qué manera funcionó esta colaboración entre ambos personajes, sino también visibilizar una nueva forma de estudio sobre el proceso de Osuna., The process of the third Duke of Osuna involved a great variety of characters with whom he maintained some type of collaboration during his years as viceroy. One of these characters was the marquis of Charela, with whom Osuna not only shared common interests, but also misfortunes from the moment they both dediced to collaborate together. In this article, based in the analysis of a lawsuit held in 1623 over the whereabouts or nearly 50.000 escudos during the viceroralty of Osuna in Sicily, it is intended no only yo know how this collaboration between the two characters worked, but also to make visible a new form of study on the process of Osuna.

A series of documents helps to define the history of the genesis of an eighteenth-century church façade in Sicily: the church of San Giovanni in Vizzini. The history reveals a constant change of intentions and an empirical approach where, without necessarily proceeding to demolish the already built, the project is subjected to continuous revisions and additions. The process therefore reveals a radical alternative to the idea of an orderly succession between drawing and execution.

Este artículo analiza la influencia de la dominación española en la moda y el gusto en Sicilia. El vestido “a la española” se convirtió en un medio de distinción en la sociedad aristocrática siciliana y el arte textil se convirtió en un medio de difusión de la cultura y el gusto de la época. Gracias a los grandes intercambios políticos y económicos que Sicilia mantuvo con España, la isla se convirtió en un punto de referencia y las grandes familias nobles sicilianas se alinearon con las más grandes cortes europeas en términos de lujo, elegancia y opulencia., This article analyses the influence of Spanish domination on fashion and taste in Sicily. The ‘Spanish style’ dress became a means of distinction in Sicilian aristocratic society and the art of textiles became a means of spreading the culture and taste of the time. Thanks to the great political and economic exchanges that Sicily had with Spain, the island became a focal point and the great Sicilian noble families aligned themselves with the greatest European courts in terms of luxury, elegance and opulence.

El proceso del tercer duque de Osuna involucró a una gran variedad de personajes con los que mantuvo algún tipo de colaboración durante sus años como virrey. Uno de estos personajes fue el marqués de Charela, con quien Osuna no solamente compartió intereses comunes, sino también desgracias desde el mismo momento en que comenzaron a colaborar juntos. En el presente artículo, a partir del análisis de un pleito celebrado en 1623 sobre el paradero de cerca de 50.000 escudos durante el virreinato de Osuna en Sicilia, se pretende no solamente conocer de qué manera funcionó esta colaboración entre ambos personajes, sino también visibilizar una nueva forma de estudio sobre el proceso de Osuna., The process of the third Duke of Osuna involved a great variety of characters with whom he maintained some type of collaboration during his years as viceroy. One of these characters was the marquis of Charela, with whom Osuna not only shared common interests, but also misfortunes from the moment they both dediced to collaborate together. In this article, based in the analysis of a lawsuit held in 1623 over the whereabouts or nearly 50.000 escudos during the viceroralty of Osuna in Sicily, it is intended no only yo know how this collaboration between the two characters worked, but also to make visible a new form of study on the process of Osuna.

Este artículo analiza la influencia de la dominación española en la moda y el gusto en Sicilia. El vestido “a la española” se convirtió en un medio de distinción en la sociedad aristocrática siciliana y el arte textil se convirtió en un medio de difusión de la cultura y el gusto de la época. Gracias a los grandes intercambios políticos y económicos que Sicilia mantuvo con España, la isla se convirtió en un punto de referencia y las grandes familias nobles sicilianas se alinearon con las más grandes cortes europeas en términos de lujo, elegancia y opulencia., This article analyses the influence of Spanish domination on fashion and taste in Sicily. The ‘Spanish style’ dress became a means of distinction in Sicilian aristocratic society and the art of textiles became a means of spreading the culture and taste of the time. Thanks to the great political and economic exchanges that Sicily had with Spain, the island became a focal point and the great Sicilian noble families aligned themselves with the greatest European courts in terms of luxury, elegance and opulence.

Der spätarchaische Monte Iato, Sizilien, ist ein Schnittpunkt zwischen einer lokalen und einer fremden “Welt”. Mit der Ankunft der griechischen Siedler im 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr. nahm ihr Einfluss auf die einheimische Bevölkerung stetig zu. Am deutlichsten wird dies im 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr., als der lokale Kultplatz von Monte Iato zu einem wichtigen Ort für Versammlungen und Feste nach griechischem Vorbild wurde. Obwohl die Auswirkungen dieses neuen Einflusses beträchtlich waren, blieb das indigene Leben bestehen, und es lassen sich lokale Zusammenkünfte nachweisen. Diese dualistische Lebensform kann anhand zahlreicher Keramiken beobachtet werden, die bei Festen und Konsumpraktiken verwendet wurden. Um diese beiden gegensätzlichen Welten besser zu verstehen, wurde die indigene attingitoio und die griechische kylix ausgewählt, um mittels einer organischen Rückstandsanalyse untersucht zu werden. In dieser Arbeit werden Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen diesen beiden Gefäßen aufgezeigt, welche (wahrscheinlich) zum Trinken oder zur Handhabung einer Flüssigkeit in einem rituellen Kontext verwendet wurden. Zur besseren Veranschaulichung der beiden Welten stammen die ausgewählten attingitoi von verschiedenen Arealen der einheimischen Gebieten des Westviertels. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden die kylices aus einem griechisch inspirierten Monumentalbau, dem Late Archaic House (LAH), ausgewählt. Das LAH ist nicht nur in moderner, griechischer Bauweise errichtet, sondern in dem zweistöckigen Gebäude können auch klinai rekonstruiert werden. Daher liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass einige Räume im LAH für Symposien genutzt wurden. Außerdem wurden am Monte Iato mehrere Keramiken gefunden, die mit dem Konsum von Wein in Verbindung gebracht werden. Dies lässt darauf schließen, dass ein griechisches alkoholisches Getränk am Monte Iato konsumiert worden sein muss. Um dies zu überprüfen, wurde eine spezifische Analyse zum Nachweis von Weinsäure gewählt, um festzustellen, ob die kylices f, Late Archaic Monte Iato, Sicily, is a crossroad between a local and a foreign "world". With the arrival of the Greek settlers in the 6th century BC, their influence on the local population steadily increased. This is most evident in the 5th century B.C., when the local cult site of Monte Iato became an important place for Greek-style gatherings and festivals. Although the impact of this new influence was considerable, indigenous life persisted and evidence of indigenous gatherings can be found. This dualistic way of life can be observed in numerous ceramics used for festivals and consumption practices. To better understand these two opposing worlds, the indigenous attingitoio and the Greek kylix were chosen to be studied through organic residue analysis. This work will highlight differences and similarities between these two vessels, which were (likely) used for drinking or handling a liquid in a ritual context. To better illustrate the two worlds, the selected attingitoi come from different areas of the indigenous areas of the Western Quarter. In contrast, the kylices were selected from a Greek-inspired monumental building, the Late Archaic House (LAH). Not only is the LAH constructed in a modern Greek style, but klinai can also be reconstructed in the two-story building. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that some rooms in the LAH were used for symposia. Moreover, several ceramics associated with the consumption of wine have been found at Monte Iato. This suggests that this alcoholic beverage must have been consumed at Monte Iato during gatherings. To verify this, a specific analysis for the detection of wine acids was chosen to determine if the kylices were used for a Greek-style drinking festival and if the attingitoi followed this trend and were also used for wine drinking or if the native vessels continued to be used for an indigenous consumption practice. For this reason, four kylices, ten attingitoi from two different phases, one incisa amphora, and one, Julia Maria Haas, BA, Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2022

The research is based on documents from the National Archives in London, State Papers, Foreign, Venice (n° 99), folders n° 60 i 61. These documents contain precious information on political changes in Italy after 1714 in the light of British interests and from the perspective of British contemporaries as the Treaty of Rastatt has ordered a shift of authorities in the Naples and Sicily. The Austrian takeover of these Spanish possessions has produced important consequences for British interests in the Mediterranean. This research reconstructed the events from the perspective of these interests, Alla base della presente ricerca ci sono i documenti custoditi negli Archivi Nazionali di Londra, gli State Papers, Foreign, Venice n° 99, fasc. 60 e 61. Contengono preziose informazioni sui cambiamenti politici in Italia dopo il 1714 dal punto di vista degli interessi britannici e della prospettiva dei britannici contemporanei. Il trattato di Rastatt dal 1714 prevedeva il cambio di governo a Napoli e in Sicilia e l’acquisizione austriaca di questi possedimenti, precedentemente in mano spagnola, ha avuto conseguenze importanti per gli interessi britannici nel Mediterraneo. La ricerca ha ricostruito gli eventi tenendo conto del punto di vista di questi interessi

El proceso del tercer duque de Osuna involucró a una gran variedad de personajes con los que mantuvo algún tipo de colaboración durante sus años como virrey. Uno de estos personajes fue el marqués de Charela, con quien Osuna no solamente compartió intereses comunes, sino también desgracias desde el mismo momento en que comenzaron a colaborar juntos. En el presente artículo, a partir del análisis de un pleito celebrado en 1623 sobre el paradero de cerca de 50.000 escudos durante el virreinato de Osuna en Sicilia, se pretende no solamente conocer de qué manera funcionó esta colaboración entre ambos personajes, sino también visibilizar una nueva forma de estudio sobre el proceso de Osuna., The process of the third Duke of Osuna involved a great variety of characters with whom he maintained some type of collaboration during his years as viceroy. One of these characters was the marquis of Charela, with whom Osuna not only shared common interests, but also misfortunes from the moment they both dediced to collaborate together. In this article, based in the analysis of a lawsuit held in 1623 over the whereabouts or nearly 50.000 escudos during the viceroralty of Osuna in Sicily, it is intended no only yo know how this collaboration between the two characters worked, but also to make visible a new form of study on the process of Osuna.

During the reign of Charles II the military architecture of the Kingdom continued with the presence of a series of towers and fortifications at the fortress near the towns. When the war of Mesina came to an end, the government of the Count of Santisteban focused on the strengthening the Spanish domain in Mesina. The following years were characterized by improving the defenses of Mesina; Augusta, badly damaged after the French invasion; and Syracuse. To sum up, this paper analyzes the plans and the reforms presented by engineer Carlos de Grunenbergh to the Count of Santisteban for a defensive improvement of the Kingdom of Sicily., Durante el reinado de Carlos II la arquitectura militar del reino continuó contando con la presencia de toda una serie de torres de avistamiento y fortificaciones en las plazas fuertes. Concluida la guerra de Mesina, el gobierno del Conde de Santisteban se centró en el fortalecimiento del dominio español en Mesina. Los siguientes años se caracterizaron por la mejora de las defensas de Mesina; Augusta, muy deteriorada tras el paso de los franceses; y Siracusa. De hecho, el presente artículo analiza los proyectos y reformas presentados por el ingeniero Carlos de Grunenbergh al conde de Santisteban para la mejora defensiva del reino de Sicilia., Durante o reinado de Carlos II a arquitetura militar do reino continuou a contar com a presença de toda uma série de torres de observação e fortificações nas praças fortes. Terminada a guerra de Messina, o governo do Conde de Santisteban concentrou-se no fortalecimento do domínio espanhol em Messina. Os anos seguintes caracterizaram-se pela melhoria das defesas de Messina; Augusta, muito deteriorada após a passagem dos franceses; e Siracusa. De facto, este artigo analisa os projectos e reformas apresentados pelo engenheiro Carlos de Grunenbergh ao conde de Santisteban para a melhoria defensiva do reino da Sicília.

Through the Arabic versions about Philip of Mahdia’s events, a 12th century Norman-Sicilian warlord at the service of Roger II, we will suggest a new reading of the passage that could date back to the narration related to Philip, today lost, by the historian Ibn al-Šaddād., Al reconsiderar las versiones árabes de los hechos llevados a cabo por Felipe de Mahdía, caballero sículo-normando de mitad del siglo XII al servicio de Roger II, proponemos una nueva lectura que podría remontarse a la narración de los hechos por parte del historiador Ibn al-Šaddādm, que en la actualidad está perdid

Formica clara is an ant species that was historically confused with other congeneric species such as F. rufibarbis until recent taxonomic developments. Due to such misunderstanding, while F. clara is known to occur across a very large Eurasian range, its actual distribution in the Mediterranean is often scarcely known. The distribution of F. clara and F. rufibarbis in Italy is remarkably obscure since almost all records, which spanned across the whole Italian peninsula and Sardinia, were published between 1834 and 1969, at times when the two species were treated as a single taxon. The few modern records of the species testify the presence of F. rufibarbis in the Alps, and F. clara in the Alps, the Po Plain and Sardinia. Here we present some new distributional data on the two species, extending the geographic range of F. rufibarbis south to the Northern Apennines (225 km) and that of F. clara throughout the Italian Peninsula south to Sicily (900 km). These results significantly change the previous understanding of F. rufibarbis as a widespread species while suggesting F. clara to be a common mountain species through the whole Apennines. Further investigations will be needed to verify whether F. rufibarbis occurs farther south.

From 2017, an unknown rural settlement in Contrada Castro at Corleone (Palermo Province, western Sicily) was investigated as part of the `Harvesting Memories Project¿. The stratigraphic sequence, supported by radiocarbon dating, has demonstrated a reoccupation of a pre-Roman site during the transition between the Byzantine and Islamic periods. In particular, the main occupation occurred in the late 8th¿9th century when pottery kilns and a probable warehouse were constructed. During the 10th¿11th century, a new structure with different orientations replaced the previous buildings that had already collapsed. Specifically focusing on a perspective of the household production and its relationship to the surrounding landscapes of this site, this paper presents the results of a geological survey and petrographic analysis of ceramic finds and lithic samples to identify the source area of the geomaterials used in the studied settlement. The ceramic finds were divided into different Paste Groups based on the characteristics of a polarizing microscope study. The use of some locally available raw materials was recorded both for ceramic and lithic samples. Such an approach enables us to better understand ceramic craft technology, clay and lithic procurement strategies and, more broadly, the consumption of household pottery in the Early Medieval site in Contrada Castro. Furthermore, this study verifies the close relationship that this rural settlement had with the surrounding resources in the area and reveals a connection with the city of Palermo during the Early Middle Ages.

A thorough research on the scientific activity of Guglielmo Gasparrini, Giovanni Gussone and Augustin Pyramus De Candolle allowed the authors to adress a research in several European herbaria looking for the type of the name Senecio pygmaeus DC. The original specimen sent by Gussone and mentioned in the protologue by Candolle is still kept at G-DC and is designated as the lectotype, whilst three other herbarium sheets, preserved at NAP-GUSS, PAL and PAV herbaria respectively, in all probability belong to the same gathering, and are considered as isolectotypes. The authors provide an updated description of this taxon in order to better point out its diagnostic characters. However, further biosystematic and phytogeographic surveys are needed to ascertain the taxonomic value and the distribution range of S. pygmaeus. Indeed, it might represent just a dwarfed, salt-tolerant ecotype of S. leucanthemifolius Poir. or S. vulgaris L., hence be more widespread than previously reported, counting numerous scattered populations along the rocky shores of central and eastern Mediterranean countries.

This essay is an iconographic analysis of a specific mosaic called the Hunting mosaic, found at Villa del Tellaro, a late Roman villa near Noto, Sicily. Interpretations of Tellaro's Hunting mosaic have already been included in previous studies, leading some scholars to a similar conclusion regarding the identification of the two large, central figures: a female, and a male. Due to the extensive damage of the mosaic around and of the female figure, the interpretation of her identity as personification of Mauretania is based on a single detail, that is, her hairstyle. The purpose of this essay is to identify additional elements of significance for her portrayal. The mosaic has been studied using high-resolution photographs and the observations analyzed with the hermeneutic method to see if there are parallels between the depiction of the figures and certain social aspects such as traditions, religion, and historical events. In particular, the “V” sign on her forehead and her posture have not been thoroughly discussed before. I propose the possibility of the “V” being a depiction of a tattoo, which combined with the sitting position could identify her as a Berber. These two details could reinforce the hypothesis of the figure being the personification of Mauretania. Further, I have investigated the possibility that the size of the figures compared to the others depicted in the mosaic is not coincidental but rather a stylistic choice to enhance their significance.

[IT] Negli ultimi 200.000 anni, la specie umana si è diffusa in tutta la Terra, adattando la sua morfologia e fisiologia a un'ampia gamma di habitat. Lo scheletro umano ha quindi registrato i principali effetti ambientali e di conseguenza i reperti scheletrici assumono grande importanza nell'indagine dei processi evolutivi. Oggi le moderne tecniche di indagini quantitative delle principali caratteristiche morfologiche consentono di metterle in relazione con la variabilità genetica. La posizione geografica della Sicilia, l'isolamento e la sua lunga e dinamica storia di colonizzazione (diversi e numerosi contributi culturali e biologici) hanno creato un contesto peculiare che consente uno studio antropologico unico, utile per sottrarre informazioni importanti sul “Flusso Migratorio” e il conseguente "Influenza delle Popolazioni" sui resti scheletrici umani. Questo progetto si basa sull'analisi antropologica delle ossa umane provenienti da diverse popolazioni (indigene e colonizzatori) distribuite dal Paleolitico all'Età Contemporanea. Le più moderne tecniche di Analisi Geometria Morfometrica (ricostruzione 3D) e di Analisi Statistica Multivariata sono state applicate su tre diversi caratteri scheletrici (Denti, Crani e Statura). L'obiettivo del progetto è quello di eseguire un'ampia analisi della Biodiversità Umana Siciliana al fine di: - Analizzare i dati odontometrici 2D con tecniche multivariate per esplorare le relazioni tra i popoli nel corso dei secoli. - Usare modelli 3D e la morfometria cranio-facciale per studiare la complesso variabilità morfologica relativa alle influenze dei flussi migratori. - Valutare il Secular Trend della Statura. - Usare questi tre caratteri per fornire una panoramica generale della Biodiversità Umana in Sicilia. Il nostro lavoro denota l'affidabilità dei metodi impiegati e come in uno studio sulla biodiversità diversi caratteri sono indispensabili per comprendere il processo evolutivo. I dati forniti dimostrano anche la correlazione, [ES] Durante los últimos 200.000 años, la especie humana se ha extendido por toda la Tierra, adaptando su morfología y fisiología a una amplia variedad de hábitats. Por tanto, el esqueleto humano ha registrado los principales efectos ambientales. Hoy las modernas técnicas de investigaciones cuantitativas de las principales características morfológicas nos permiten relacionarlas con la variabilidad genética. La posición geográfica de la Sicilia, su aislamiento y su larga y dinámica historia de colonización han creado un contexto peculiar que permite un estudio antropológico único, útil para extraer información importante sobre el "Flujo Migratorio" y "Influencia Población". Este proyecto se basa en la análisis antropológica de huesos humanos de diferentes poblaciones (indígenas y colonizadoras). Las técnicas de Análisis de Geometría Morfométrica y Análisis Estadístico Multivariante se han aplicado en tres caracteres esqueléticos diferentes (Dientes, Cráneos y Estatura). El objetivo del proyecto es realizar un análisis amplia de la Biodiversidad Humana Siciliana con el fin de: - Analizar datos odontométricos 2D con técnicas multivariadas para explorar las relaciones entre pueblos entre los siglos. - Utilizar modelos 3D y la morfometría craneofacial para estudiar la compleja variabilidad morfológica relacionada con los flujos migratorios. - Evaluar la tendencia secular de la estatura. - Utilizar estos tres caracteres para proporcionar una descripción general de la Biodiversidad Humana en Sicilia. Esto trabajo denota la confiabilidad de los métodos utilizados y, como en un estudio de la biodiversidad, varios caracteres son indispensables para comprender el proceso evolutivo. Los datos también demuestran la correlación entre los caracteres morfológicos y la influencia (no solo por factores ambientales) de los flujos humanos sobre el fenotipo. Los resultados muestran claramente que todos los caracteres evaluados están involucrados al mismo tiempo en el mismo proceso de di, [EN] During the last 200,000 years, human species has spread throughout Earth, adapting their morphology and physiology to a wide range of habitats. The human skeleton has therefore, recorded the main environmental effects. Nowadays modern quantitative investigations of the main morphological features permit us to relate them with the genetic variability. The Sicilian geographic position, isolation and its long and dynamic history of colonization) made a peculiar context that allows a unique anthropological study, useful to sign-out important information about the "Migratory Flow" and the consequent "Populations Influx". This project is based on the Anthropological Analysis of the human bones coming from different populations distributed from Paleolithic to the Contemporary Age. The techniques of Morphometric Geometric analysis and Multivariate Statistic Analysis were applied over three different catchers (Teeth, Skulls and Stature). The project aim is to perform a wide analysis of the Sicilian Human Biodiversity in order to: - Analyze 2D odontometrics data with multivariate techniques to explore the relationships between the peoples over the centuries. - Use 3D models and skull-facial morphometry to study the complex morphological variability concerning the "Populations". - Evaluate the "Stature's Secular Trend". - Use these three characters to provide a general overview of the human biodiversity in Sicily. Our work denotes the reliable of the methods employed underlying as in a study of biodiversity several characters are indispensable to understand the evolutionary process. Data also provided to demonstrate the correlation between the morphological characters and the influence carried (not only by the environmental factors) by the human flow on the phenotype. Results clearly shows as all the characters evaluated are at the same time involved in the same process of diversification. Morphological variations show a general decrease of Maxilla Prognathism and a soft, [CA] Durant els últims 200.000 anys, l'espècie humana s'ha estés per tota la Terra, adaptant la seua morfologia i fisiologia a una àmplia varietat d'hàbitats. Per tant, l'esquelet humà ha registrat els principals efectes ambientals. Hui les modernes tècniques d'investigacions quantitatives de les principals característiques morfològiques ens permeten relacionar-les amb la variabilitat genètica. La posició geogràfica de la Sicília, el seu aïllament i la seua llarga i dinàmica història de colonització han creat un context peculiar que permet un estudi antropològic únic, útil per a extraure informació important sobre el "Flux Migratori" i "Influència Població". Aquest projecte es basa en l'anàlisi antropològica d'ossos humans de diferents poblacions des del Paleolític fins a l'Edat Contemporània. Les tècniques d'Anàlisis de Geometria Morfomètrica (reconstrucció 3D) i Anàlisi Estadística Multivariante s'han aplicat en tres caràcters esquelètics diferents (Dents, Cranis i Alçada). L'objectiu del projecte és realitzar una anàlisi àmplia de la Biodiversitat Humana Siciliana amb la finalitat de: - Analitzar dades odontométricos 2D amb tècniques multivariades per a explorar les relacions entre pobles entre els segles. - Utilitzar models 3D i la morfometria craniofacial per a estudiar la complexa variabilitat morfològica relacionada amb els fluxos migratoris. - Avaluar la tendència secular de l'alçada. - Utilitzar aquests tres caràcters per a proporcionar una descripció general de la Biodiversitat Humana a Sicília. Això treball denota la confiabilitat dels mètodes utilitzats i, com en un estudi de la biodiversitat, diversos caràcters són indispensables per a comprendre el procés evolutiu. Les dades també demostren la correlació entre els caràcters morfològics i la influència (no sols per factors ambientals) dels fluxos humans sobre el fenotip. Els resultats mostren clarament que tots els caràcters avaluats estan involucrats al mateix temps en el mateix procés de diversificaci

[IT] Negli ultimi 200.000 anni, la specie umana si è diffusa in tutta la Terra, adattando la sua morfologia e fisiologia a un'ampia gamma di habitat. Lo scheletro umano ha quindi registrato i principali effetti ambientali e di conseguenza i reperti scheletrici assumono grande importanza nell'indagine dei processi evolutivi. Oggi le moderne tecniche di indagini quantitative delle principali caratteristiche morfologiche consentono di metterle in relazione con la variabilità genetica. La posizione geografica della Sicilia, l'isolamento e la sua lunga e dinamica storia di colonizzazione (diversi e numerosi contributi culturali e biologici) hanno creato un contesto peculiare che consente uno studio antropologico unico, utile per sottrarre informazioni importanti sul “Flusso Migratorio” e il conseguente "Influenza delle Popolazioni" sui resti scheletrici umani. Questo progetto si basa sull'analisi antropologica delle ossa umane provenienti da diverse popolazioni (indigene e colonizzatori) distribuite dal Paleolitico all'Età Contemporanea. Le più moderne tecniche di Analisi Geometria Morfometrica (ricostruzione 3D) e di Analisi Statistica Multivariata sono state applicate su tre diversi caratteri scheletrici (Denti, Crani e Statura). L'obiettivo del progetto è quello di eseguire un'ampia analisi della Biodiversità Umana Siciliana al fine di: - Analizzare i dati odontometrici 2D con tecniche multivariate per esplorare le relazioni tra i popoli nel corso dei secoli. - Usare modelli 3D e la morfometria cranio-facciale per studiare la complesso variabilità morfologica relativa alle influenze dei flussi migratori. - Valutare il Secular Trend della Statura. - Usare questi tre caratteri per fornire una panoramica generale della Biodiversità Umana in Sicilia. Il nostro lavoro denota l'affidabilità dei metodi impiegati e come in uno studio sulla biodiversità diversi caratteri sono indispensabili per comprendere il processo evolutivo. I dati forniti dimostrano anche la correlazione, [ES] Durante los últimos 200.000 años, la especie humana se ha extendido por toda la Tierra, adaptando su morfología y fisiología a una amplia variedad de hábitats. Por tanto, el esqueleto humano ha registrado los principales efectos ambientales. Hoy las modernas técnicas de investigaciones cuantitativas de las principales características morfológicas nos permiten relacionarlas con la variabilidad genética. La posición geográfica de la Sicilia, su aislamiento y su larga y dinámica historia de colonización han creado un contexto peculiar que permite un estudio antropológico único, útil para extraer información importante sobre el "Flujo Migratorio" y "Influencia Población". Este proyecto se basa en la análisis antropológica de huesos humanos de diferentes poblaciones (indígenas y colonizadoras). Las técnicas de Análisis de Geometría Morfométrica y Análisis Estadístico Multivariante se han aplicado en tres caracteres esqueléticos diferentes (Dientes, Cráneos y Estatura). El objetivo del proyecto es realizar un análisis amplia de la Biodiversidad Humana Siciliana con el fin de: - Analizar datos odontométricos 2D con técnicas multivariadas para explorar las relaciones entre pueblos entre los siglos. - Utilizar modelos 3D y la morfometría craneofacial para estudiar la compleja variabilidad morfológica relacionada con los flujos migratorios. - Evaluar la tendencia secular de la estatura. - Utilizar estos tres caracteres para proporcionar una descripción general de la Biodiversidad Humana en Sicilia. Esto trabajo denota la confiabilidad de los métodos utilizados y, como en un estudio de la biodiversidad, varios caracteres son indispensables para comprender el proceso evolutivo. Los datos también demuestran la correlación entre los caracteres morfológicos y la influencia (no solo por factores ambientales) de los flujos humanos sobre el fenotipo. Los resultados muestran claramente que todos los caracteres evaluados están involucrados al mismo tiempo en el mismo proceso de di, [EN] During the last 200,000 years, human species has spread throughout Earth, adapting their morphology and physiology to a wide range of habitats. The human skeleton has therefore, recorded the main environmental effects. Nowadays modern quantitative investigations of the main morphological features permit us to relate them with the genetic variability. The Sicilian geographic position, isolation and its long and dynamic history of colonization) made a peculiar context that allows a unique anthropological study, useful to sign-out important information about the "Migratory Flow" and the consequent "Populations Influx". This project is based on the Anthropological Analysis of the human bones coming from different populations distributed from Paleolithic to the Contemporary Age. The techniques of Morphometric Geometric analysis and Multivariate Statistic Analysis were applied over three different catchers (Teeth, Skulls and Stature). The project aim is to perform a wide analysis of the Sicilian Human Biodiversity in order to: - Analyze 2D odontometrics data with multivariate techniques to explore the relationships between the peoples over the centuries. - Use 3D models and skull-facial morphometry to study the complex morphological variability concerning the "Populations". - Evaluate the "Stature's Secular Trend". - Use these three characters to provide a general overview of the human biodiversity in Sicily. Our work denotes the reliable of the methods employed underlying as in a study of biodiversity several characters are indispensable to understand the evolutionary process. Data also provided to demonstrate the correlation between the morphological characters and the influence carried (not only by the environmental factors) by the human flow on the phenotype. Results clearly shows as all the characters evaluated are at the same time involved in the same process of diversification. Morphological variations show a general decrease of Maxilla Prognathism and a soft, [CA] Durant els últims 200.000 anys, l'espècie humana s'ha estés per tota la Terra, adaptant la seua morfologia i fisiologia a una àmplia varietat d'hàbitats. Per tant, l'esquelet humà ha registrat els principals efectes ambientals. Hui les modernes tècniques d'investigacions quantitatives de les principals característiques morfològiques ens permeten relacionar-les amb la variabilitat genètica. La posició geogràfica de la Sicília, el seu aïllament i la seua llarga i dinàmica història de colonització han creat un context peculiar que permet un estudi antropològic únic, útil per a extraure informació important sobre el "Flux Migratori" i "Influència Població". Aquest projecte es basa en l'anàlisi antropològica d'ossos humans de diferents poblacions des del Paleolític fins a l'Edat Contemporània. Les tècniques d'Anàlisis de Geometria Morfomètrica (reconstrucció 3D) i Anàlisi Estadística Multivariante s'han aplicat en tres caràcters esquelètics diferents (Dents, Cranis i Alçada). L'objectiu del projecte és realitzar una anàlisi àmplia de la Biodiversitat Humana Siciliana amb la finalitat de: - Analitzar dades odontométricos 2D amb tècniques multivariades per a explorar les relacions entre pobles entre els segles. - Utilitzar models 3D i la morfometria craniofacial per a estudiar la complexa variabilitat morfològica relacionada amb els fluxos migratoris. - Avaluar la tendència secular de l'alçada. - Utilitzar aquests tres caràcters per a proporcionar una descripció general de la Biodiversitat Humana a Sicília. Això treball denota la confiabilitat dels mètodes utilitzats i, com en un estudi de la biodiversitat, diversos caràcters són indispensables per a comprendre el procés evolutiu. Les dades també demostren la correlació entre els caràcters morfològics i la influència (no sols per factors ambientals) dels fluxos humans sobre el fenotip. Els resultats mostren clarament que tots els caràcters avaluats estan involucrats al mateix temps en el mateix procés de diversificaci

[IT] Negli ultimi 200.000 anni, la specie umana si è diffusa in tutta la Terra, adattando la sua morfologia e fisiologia a un'ampia gamma di habitat. Lo scheletro umano ha quindi registrato i principali effetti ambientali e di conseguenza i reperti scheletrici assumono grande importanza nell'indagine dei processi evolutivi. Oggi le moderne tecniche di indagini quantitative delle principali caratteristiche morfologiche consentono di metterle in relazione con la variabilità genetica. La posizione geografica della Sicilia, l'isolamento e la sua lunga e dinamica storia di colonizzazione (diversi e numerosi contributi culturali e biologici) hanno creato un contesto peculiare che consente uno studio antropologico unico, utile per sottrarre informazioni importanti sul “Flusso Migratorio” e il conseguente "Influenza delle Popolazioni" sui resti scheletrici umani. Questo progetto si basa sull'analisi antropologica delle ossa umane provenienti da diverse popolazioni (indigene e colonizzatori) distribuite dal Paleolitico all'Età Contemporanea. Le più moderne tecniche di Analisi Geometria Morfometrica (ricostruzione 3D) e di Analisi Statistica Multivariata sono state applicate su tre diversi caratteri scheletrici (Denti, Crani e Statura). L'obiettivo del progetto è quello di eseguire un'ampia analisi della Biodiversità Umana Siciliana al fine di: - Analizzare i dati odontometrici 2D con tecniche multivariate per esplorare le relazioni tra i popoli nel corso dei secoli. - Usare modelli 3D e la morfometria cranio-facciale per studiare la complesso variabilità morfologica relativa alle influenze dei flussi migratori. - Valutare il Secular Trend della Statura. - Usare questi tre caratteri per fornire una panoramica generale della Biodiversità Umana in Sicilia. Il nostro lavoro denota l'affidabilità dei metodi impiegati e come in uno studio sulla biodiversità diversi caratteri sono indispensabili per comprendere il processo evolutivo. I dati forniti dimostrano anche la correlazione, [ES] Durante los últimos 200.000 años, la especie humana se ha extendido por toda la Tierra, adaptando su morfología y fisiología a una amplia variedad de hábitats. Por tanto, el esqueleto humano ha registrado los principales efectos ambientales. Hoy las modernas técnicas de investigaciones cuantitativas de las principales características morfológicas nos permiten relacionarlas con la variabilidad genética. La posición geográfica de la Sicilia, su aislamiento y su larga y dinámica historia de colonización han creado un contexto peculiar que permite un estudio antropológico único, útil para extraer información importante sobre el "Flujo Migratorio" y "Influencia Población". Este proyecto se basa en la análisis antropológica de huesos humanos de diferentes poblaciones (indígenas y colonizadoras). Las técnicas de Análisis de Geometría Morfométrica y Análisis Estadístico Multivariante se han aplicado en tres caracteres esqueléticos diferentes (Dientes, Cráneos y Estatura). El objetivo del proyecto es realizar un análisis amplia de la Biodiversidad Humana Siciliana con el fin de: - Analizar datos odontométricos 2D con técnicas multivariadas para explorar las relaciones entre pueblos entre los siglos. - Utilizar modelos 3D y la morfometría craneofacial para estudiar la compleja variabilidad morfológica relacionada con los flujos migratorios. - Evaluar la tendencia secular de la estatura. - Utilizar estos tres caracteres para proporcionar una descripción general de la Biodiversidad Humana en Sicilia. Esto trabajo denota la confiabilidad de los métodos utilizados y, como en un estudio de la biodiversidad, varios caracteres son indispensables para comprender el proceso evolutivo. Los datos también demuestran la correlación entre los caracteres morfológicos y la influencia (no solo por factores ambientales) de los flujos humanos sobre el fenotipo. Los resultados muestran claramente que todos los caracteres evaluados están involucrados al mismo tiempo en el mismo proceso de di, [EN] During the last 200,000 years, human species has spread throughout Earth, adapting their morphology and physiology to a wide range of habitats. The human skeleton has therefore, recorded the main environmental effects. Nowadays modern quantitative investigations of the main morphological features permit us to relate them with the genetic variability. The Sicilian geographic position, isolation and its long and dynamic history of colonization) made a peculiar context that allows a unique anthropological study, useful to sign-out important information about the "Migratory Flow" and the consequent "Populations Influx". This project is based on the Anthropological Analysis of the human bones coming from different populations distributed from Paleolithic to the Contemporary Age. The techniques of Morphometric Geometric analysis and Multivariate Statistic Analysis were applied over three different catchers (Teeth, Skulls and Stature). The project aim is to perform a wide analysis of the Sicilian Human Biodiversity in order to: - Analyze 2D odontometrics data with multivariate techniques to explore the relationships between the peoples over the centuries. - Use 3D models and skull-facial morphometry to study the complex morphological variability concerning the "Populations". - Evaluate the "Stature's Secular Trend". - Use these three characters to provide a general overview of the human biodiversity in Sicily. Our work denotes the reliable of the methods employed underlying as in a study of biodiversity several characters are indispensable to understand the evolutionary process. Data also provided to demonstrate the correlation between the morphological characters and the influence carried (not only by the environmental factors) by the human flow on the phenotype. Results clearly shows as all the characters evaluated are at the same time involved in the same process of diversification. Morphological variations show a general decrease of Maxilla Prognathism and a soft, [CA] Durant els últims 200.000 anys, l'espècie humana s'ha estés per tota la Terra, adaptant la seua morfologia i fisiologia a una àmplia varietat d'hàbitats. Per tant, l'esquelet humà ha registrat els principals efectes ambientals. Hui les modernes tècniques d'investigacions quantitatives de les principals característiques morfològiques ens permeten relacionar-les amb la variabilitat genètica. La posició geogràfica de la Sicília, el seu aïllament i la seua llarga i dinàmica història de colonització han creat un context peculiar que permet un estudi antropològic únic, útil per a extraure informació important sobre el "Flux Migratori" i "Influència Població". Aquest projecte es basa en l'anàlisi antropològica d'ossos humans de diferents poblacions des del Paleolític fins a l'Edat Contemporània. Les tècniques d'Anàlisis de Geometria Morfomètrica (reconstrucció 3D) i Anàlisi Estadística Multivariante s'han aplicat en tres caràcters esquelètics diferents (Dents, Cranis i Alçada). L'objectiu del projecte és realitzar una anàlisi àmplia de la Biodiversitat Humana Siciliana amb la finalitat de: - Analitzar dades odontométricos 2D amb tècniques multivariades per a explorar les relacions entre pobles entre els segles. - Utilitzar models 3D i la morfometria craniofacial per a estudiar la complexa variabilitat morfològica relacionada amb els fluxos migratoris. - Avaluar la tendència secular de l'alçada. - Utilitzar aquests tres caràcters per a proporcionar una descripció general de la Biodiversitat Humana a Sicília. Això treball denota la confiabilitat dels mètodes utilitzats i, com en un estudi de la biodiversitat, diversos caràcters són indispensables per a comprendre el procés evolutiu. Les dades també demostren la correlació entre els caràcters morfològics i la influència (no sols per factors ambientals) dels fluxos humans sobre el fenotip. Els resultats mostren clarament que tots els caràcters avaluats estan involucrats al mateix temps en el mateix procés de diversificaci

In August of 2018, the Italian national government prohibited North African passengers onboard the Diciotti from disembarking in Catania, Sicily. The ship had docked amid an ongoing debate over how Italy should respond to an increasing number of immigrants and refugees arriving to the nation’s shores. Pro-migrant Sicilians came to the dock wielding arancini--fried rice balls--which are emblematic of the island's history and culture, as a way to symbolically welcome the migrants onboard the Diciotti. Nationalist Sicilians came as well to counter-protest the pro-migrant group. This paper asks first, who are the opposing groups (pro-migrant and nationalist Sicilians) and why did they adopt arancini? Second, how does arancini become a symbol of welcome and at the same time inhospitality? Third, how does the encounter become a stage for the larger debate over the meaning of identity in Sicily? By shifting the focus towards the host population and how it contests the meanings of such important local symbols, we capture the complexities of reception and debates over how natives perceive and receive migrants.

In August of 2018, the Italian national government prohibited North African passengers onboard the Diciotti from disembarking in Catania, Sicily. The ship had docked amid an ongoing debate over how Italy should respond to an increasing number of immigrants and refugees arriving to the nation’s shores. Pro-migrant Sicilians came to the dock wielding arancini--fried rice balls--which are emblematic of the island's history and culture, as a way to symbolically welcome the migrants onboard the Diciotti. Nationalist Sicilians came as well to counter-protest the pro-migrant group. This paper asks first, who are the opposing groups (pro-migrant and nationalist Sicilians) and why did they adopt arancini? Second, how does arancini become a symbol of welcome and at the same time inhospitality? Third, how does the encounter become a stage for the larger debate over the meaning of identity in Sicily? By shifting the focus towards the host population and how it contests the meanings of such important local symbols, we capture the complexities of reception and debates over how natives perceive and receive migrants.

Analysis of Pindar’s odes for Sicilian victors, focusing on those features that create an idealized configuration of Sicilian cities and territory., Análisis de las odas pindáricas dedicadas a vencedores sicilianos, centrado en aquellos rasgos que tienden a una configuración idealizada de sus ciudades y del territorio siciliano.