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Complex systems have a large dimension, consist of a large number of elements and connections between them. Networks are used to represent complex systems. Due to the high dimension of modern systems, researchers evaluate proposed solutions using generated networks. The high dimension of the system leads to problems in modeling and control. To solve these problems, methods for reducing the dimension of complex systems are required. Aggregation of the structural model of the system consists in combining elements of the system into subsystems and as a result dimension of the system and computational complexity are reduced. The subject matter of research is a software platform for evaluation of the effectiveness of structural model aggregation of complex systems. The goal of the work is to develop the software platform for evaluation of the effectiveness of structural model aggregation of complex systems. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that using the software platform it is possible to make the structural model aggregation of systems with a large number of elements and it is also possible to evaluate the effectiveness of structural model aggregation of the system. The following tasks were solved in the work: development of the software platform which consists of a system generator module, a system aggregation module, a maximum flow searching module and a statistical data processing module; structural model aggregation of the system using the software platform; evaluation of the effectiveness of structural model aggregation of the system using the software platform. As a result of the work the software platform was created, the structural model aggregation of the system was made and the effectiveness of structural model aggregation of the system using the software platform was evaluated. The studies allow us to conclude: using the software platform it is possible to generate a system, make the structural model aggregation of the system and solve the problem

doctoral thesis

In the development of software - for products, projects and platforms - different approaches are pursued. For the life cycle of the software, it is important to determine the appropriate approach as early as possible in order to set the framework conditions for software engineering. Increasingly, scientific software applications are developing into services that are embedded in and used via community platforms. The goal in developing and operating a software platform is to create a sustainable and scalable set of services for a defined target group. Added value compared to local software solutions arises, among other things, from the fact that data storage, computing capacities and communication options are offered in addition to core functions such as modeling, data analysis, project management or software development. The need for continuous operation and development as well as flexible scalability requires special software development methods such as DevOps and CI/CD. The sustainability approach also requires the embedding into scientific communities as well as continuous funding or a viable business model. Specifics and experiences of this approach will be discussed on the basis of applications from the Helmholtz platform hifis.net.

In the development of software - for products, projects and platforms - different approaches are pursued. For the life cycle of the software, it is important to determine the appropriate approach as early as possible in order to set the framework conditions for software engineering. Increasingly, scientific software applications are developing into services that are embedded in and used via community platforms. The goal in developing and operating a software platform is to create a sustainable and scalable set of services for a defined target group. Added value compared to local software solutions arises, among other things, from the fact that data storage, computing capacities and communication options are offered in addition to core functions such as modeling, data analysis, project management or software development. The need for continuous operation and development as well as flexible scalability requires special software development methods such as DevOps and CI/CD. The sustainability approach also requires the embedding into scientific communities as well as continuous funding or a viable business model. Specifics and experiences of this approach will be discussed on the basis of applications from the Helmholtz platform hifis.net.

In 2015 we started a PhD thesis aiming to write a moving objects processing system (MOPS) aimed to detect near Earth asteroids (NEAs) in astronomical surveys planned within the EURONEAR project. Based on this MOPS experience, in 2017 we proposed the NEARBY project to the Romanian Space Agency, which awarded funding to the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca (UTCN) and the University of Craiovafor building a cloud-based online platform to reduce survey images, detect, validate and report in near real time asteroid detections and NEA candidates. The NEARBY platform was built and is available at UTCN since Feb 2018, being tested during 5 pilot surveys observed in 2017-2018 with the Isaac Newton Telescope in La Palma. Two NEAs were discovered in Nov 2018 (2018 VQ1 and 2018 VN3), being recovered and reported to MPC within 2 hours. Other 4 discovered NEAs were found from a few dozen possible NEA candidates promptly being followed, allowing us to discover 22 Hungarias and 7 Mars crossing asteroids using the NEARBY platform. Compared with other few available software, NEARBY could detect more asteroids (by 8-41%), but scores less than human detection (by about 10%). Using resulted data, the astrometric accurancy, photometric limits and an INT NEA survey case study are presented as guidelines for planning future surveys. © 2021.

The vastly increasing amount of software in vehicles, its variability and complexity, as well as the computational requirements, especially for those built with autonomous driving in mind, require new approaches to the structure and integration of software. The traditional approaches of single-purpose embedded devices with integrated software are no longer a suitable choice. New architectures introduce general purpose compute devices, capable of high-performance computation, as well as high variability of software. Managing the increasing complexity, also at runtime, in a safe and secure manner, are open challenges. Solving these challenges is a high-complexity development and integration effort requiring design-time and runtime configuration, approaches to communication middleware, operating system configuration, such as task scheduling, monitoring, tight integration of security and safety, and, especially in the case of autonomous driving, concepts for dynamic adaption of the system to the situation, e.g., fail-operational concepts. We present Fusion, a next-generation software platform supporting the development of autonomous driving systems.

The majority of the software platforms designed for non-hydrostatic shallow water flow modelling rely on the solution of computational-costly three-dimensional flow models or depth-averaged Boussinesq-type models that require optimization of dispersive terms. In this field, an unexplored but reliable alternative is the Vertically-Averaged and Moment (VAM) equations model. This work presents a MATLAB software platform for one-dimensional non-hydrostatic flow modelling using the VAM model. First, the VAM governing equations are introduced, whichuse the weighted residual method to account for the non-hydrostatic and non-uniform characteristics of flow. Then, the structure of the user-friendly graphical interface is described. Finally, the model is applied to two nearshore and open-channel non-hydrostatic flow tests. The comparison of the results with experimental data highlights the accuracy of the VAM model and the potential of the present software for modelling non-hydrostatic flows.

This work presents a software platform to compute depth-integrated non-hydrostatic coastal and open channel flows. The software is based on the Vertically-Averaged and Moment (VAM) equations model. The VAM model uses the weighted residual method to account for the non-hydrostaticity and non-uniformity of flow. After presenting the governing equations, numerical scheme and structure of the graphical user interface, the software is applied to solve coastal and open channel flow tests with significant non-hydrostaticity and non-uniformity of flow. The results are compared with hydrostatic model computations and laboratory measurements. Where a hydrostatic-based simulation poorly reproduces experimental observations, the higher-order model equations by this software platform generate excellent predictions. These findings highlight the potential of this user-friendly software platform for modeling open channel, river and nearshore flows and processes, where non-hydrostatic pressure and non-uniform velocity shall be accounted for, which entails a meaningful advance for the hydraulic community.

Waste collection is one of the targets of smart cities. It is a daily task in urban areas and it entails the planning of waste truck routes, taking into account environmental, economic and social factors. In this work, an optimal path planning algorithm has been developed together with a practical software platform for smart and sustainable cities that enables computing the optimal waste collection routes, minimizing the impact, both environmental (CO2 emissions and acoustic damage) and socioeconomic (number of trucks to be used and fuel consumption). The algorithm is executed in Net2Plan, an open-source planning tool, typically used for modeling and planning communication networks. Net2Plan facilitates the introduction of the city layout input information to the algorithm, automatically importing it from geographical information system (GIS) databases using the so-called Net2Plan-GIS library, which can also include positions of smart bins. The algorithm, Net2Plan tool and its extension are open-source, available in a public repository. A practical case in the city of Cartagena (Spain) is presented, where the optimal path planning for plastic waste collection is addressed. This work contributes to the urban mobility plans of smart cities and could be extended to other smart cities scenarios with requests of optimal path planning.

An organism stems from assemblies of a variety of cells and proteins. This complex system serves as a unit, and it exhibits highly sophisticated functions in response to exogenous stimuli that change over time. The complete sequencing of the entire human genome has allowed researchers to address the enigmas of life and disease at the gene- or molecular-based level. The consequence of such studies is the rapid accumulation of a multitude of data at multiple levels, ranging from molecules to the whole body, that has necessitated the development of entirely new concepts, tools, and methodologies to analyze and integrate these data. This necessity has given birth to systems biology, an advanced theoretical and practical research framework that has totally changed the directions of not only basic life science but also medicine. During the symposium of the 95th Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan 2018, five researchers reported on their respective studies on systems biology. The topics included reactions of drugs, ion-transport architecture in an epithelial system, multi-omics in renal disease, cardiac electrophysiological systems, and a software platform for computer simulation. In this review article these authors have summarized recent achievements in the field and discuss next-generation studies on health and disease.

An organism stems from assemblies of a variety of cells and proteins. This complex system serves as a unit, and it exhibits highly sophisticated functions in response to exogenous stimuli that change over time. The complete sequencing of the entire human genome has allowed researchers to address the enigmas of life and disease at the gene- or molecular-based level. The consequence of such studies is the rapid accumulation of a multitude of data at multiple levels, ranging from molecules to the whole body, that has necessitated the development of entirely new concepts, tools, and methodologies to analyze and integrate these data. This necessity has given birth to systems biology, an advanced theoretical and practical research framework that has totally changed the directions of not only basic life science but also medicine. During the symposium of the 95th Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan 2018, five researchers reported on their respective studies on systems biology. The topics included reactions of drugs, ion-transport architecture in an epithelial system, multi-omics in renal disease, cardiac electrophysiological systems, and a software platform for computer simulation. In this review article these authors have summarized recent achievements in the field and discuss next-generation studies on health and disease.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the World. This fact has motivated different actions for prevention, diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases. In this work, the accuracy of a connected confidence left ventricle segmentation method is performed. This task is accomplished using a software platform for left ventricle segmentation of 3-D cardiac Multi-Slice Computerized Tomography (MSCT) images that is also described. The software platform has as a goal performing research about efficient methods for cardiac image segmentation and quantification. The accuracy assessment of the segmentation method is performed by comparing the estimated segmentation with respect to segmentations manually traced by cardiologists. Results show that the segmentation method provides Dice Similarity coefficients higher than 0.90 with low computational cost. The obtained segmentation is able to include within the left ventricular lumen the papillary trabeculae muscles, enabling further accurate estimation of the left ventricular mass.

The CitScale tool is a software platform for visualizing, analyzing and comparing the impacts of new mobility concepts in urban models with special emphasis on new automotive vehicles or those based on innovative mobility concepts aimed at reducing environmental impacts. CitScale is simulation software agnostic. Using traffic simulation techniques requires executing multiple independent replications for each scenario in an experimental design, and each replication generates a huge amount of data that is not easy to analyze or compare. The analysis and comparison of experiments and scenarios is based on global, link-based and path-based key performance indicators from the perspective of users and mobility authorities while covering the scope of driver-type and transport mode., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Managing risks related to OSS adoption is a must for organizations that need to smoothly integrate OSS-related practices in their development processes. Adequate tool support may pave the road to effective risk management and ensure the sustainability of such activity. In this paper, we present the RISCOSS platform for managing risks in OSS adoption. RISCOSS builds upon a highly configurable data model that allows customization to several types of scopes. It implements two different working modes: exploration, where the impact of decisions may be assessed before making them; and continuous assessment, where risk variables (and their possible consequences on business goals) are continuously monitored and reported to decision-makers. The blackboard-oriented architecture of the platform defines several interfaces for the identified techniques, allowing new techniques to be plugged in., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author’s final draft)

In this paper, the motivation and the scientific concept of a number of European modellinggroups is presented sharing the idea of the common development of a generic modellingframework for coupled physico-chemical processes characterising energy-related geoscientificapplications. Within the context of the European policy of transformation of energy technologies,the geological underground becomes a specific focus of attention in terms of: i) energysource, ii) energy storage, and iii) energy waste disposal. All these geoscientific applicationshave the observation of very similar complex multiphysics porous media processes in the subsurfaceformations in common. Thus, assessing the behaviour of geo-reservoirs under differentoperating conditions requires the analysis of complex coupled processes at the reservoirscale. The full length and time scales for which the performance of geological sites must beassessed are not amenable to direct investigation by laboratory studies or field investigations.The only practical option for predicting the long-term behaviour of geo-reservoirs is numericalanalysis, constrained by the understanding gained from the relatively short-term laboratoryand field-scale experiments available, and natural analogue systems. Modelling and simulationof thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes in the subsurface require the developmentof sophisticated mathematical models, numerical algorithms and software tools that have tobe adapted to the needs of real world applications. As the development of scientific softwarefor complex geoscientific problems is beyond the capabilities of individual groups, the maininnovation of the presented cooperative initiative would be the development of an integratedframework, capable of simulating all known relevant processes involved in the geotechnical useof the subsurface. This facilitates substantial progress in understanding of long-term fate of theconsidered formations, particularly directed to large scale deploymen

Software development is generally characterized by risk and uncertainty. The uncertainty can be argued to be of two general types, either a technical uncertainty and/or a market uncertainty. From an economical stand point we view technical uncertainty as the cost uncertainty for developing the software whereas the market uncertainty is the uncertainty regarding the revenues later gained from the sales of the software. A great deal of research has focused on how to overcome these types of uncertainties by developing models for exploring them with the aim of increasing the ability to manage them. This research has shown that reuse of previous software functionalities in the form of software platforms or as components in software product line engineering can reduce the uncertainty of a software investment. Employment of these strategies can also be seen empirically by studying firms in the software industry. This paper adds to that research by developing an underlying model that explains why and how platform based developing strategies for software development reduce market uncertainty. The model also explains why certain types of software functionalities are better combined with other types of software functionalities into software platforms in order to reduce market uncertainty. The developed model is based upon portfolio theory which is a branch of financial economics that deals with uncertainty reduction in investments. The main part of the paper consists of numerical analysis to show why and how the platform strategy reduces the uncertainty in the software development without an equal reduction in the expected return of the investment in the software development. The analysis begins with a decision setting consisting of two types of software functionalities that can be developed. It is shown that different proportions of the two types of functionalities result in different risk and return profiles. It is also shown that the two functionalities should be developed

A web browser provides a uniform user interface to different types of information. Making this interface universally accessible and more interactive is a long term goal still far from being achieved. Universally accessible browsers require novel interaction modalities and additional functionalities, for which existing browsers tend to provide only partial solutions. Although functionality for web accessibility can be found as open-source and free software components, their reuse and integration is complex because they were developed in diverse implementation environments, following standards and conventions incompatible with the web. To enable the integration of existing partial solutions within a mainstream web browser environment, we have developed a middleware infrastructure, AMICO:WEB. This enables browser access to a wide variety of open source and free software components. The main contribution of AMICO:WEB is in enabling the syntactic interoperability between web extension mechanisms and a variety of integration mechanisms used by open-source and free software components. It also bridges the semantic differences between the high-level world of web XML-based APIs and the low-level APIs of the device-oriented world. We discuss the design decisions made during the development of AMICO:WEB in the context of web accessibility, using two typical usage scenarios: one describing a disabled user using a mainstream web browser with additional interaction modalities; another describing a non-disabled user browsing in a suboptimal interaction situation.

A web browser provides a uniform user interface to different types of information. Making this interface universally accessible and more interactive is a long term goal still far from being achieved. Universally accessible browsers require novel interaction modalities and additional functionalities, for which existing browsers tend to provide only partial solutions. Although functionality for web accessibility can be found as open-source and free software components, their reuse and integration is complex because they were developed in diverse implementation environments, following standards and conventions incompatible with the web. To enable the integration of existing partial solutions within a mainstream web browser environment, we have developed a middleware infrastructure, AMICO:WEB. This enables browser access to a wide variety of open source and free software components. The main contribution of AMICO:WEB is in enabling the syntactic interoperability between web extension mechanisms and a variety of integration mechanisms used by open-source and free software components. It also bridges the semantic differences between the high-level world of web XML-based APIs and the low-level APIs of the device-oriented world. We discuss the design decisions made during the development of AMICO:WEB in the context of web accessibility, using two typical usage scenarios: one describing a disabled user using a mainstream web browser with additional interaction modalities; another describing a non-disabled user browsing in a suboptimal interaction situation.

Представлена принципиальная схема электронного управления дизельным двигателем внутреннего сгорания стандарта Euro-3, описана программно-аппаратная платформа пневматического привода регулятора топливного насоса высокого давления, позволяющая реализовать электронное управление топливоподачей дизельного двигателя КамАЗ-740. В основу концепции электронного управления положена стратегическая зависимость углового положения рычага регулятора топливного насоса высокого давления от углового перемещения электронной педали акселератора. Реализацию указанной зависимости осуществляли путем подачи модулированного широтно-импульсного сигнала определенной скважности от контроллера на обмотку пропорционального электромагнитного клапана, отвечающего за величину давления сжатого воздуха в рабочей полости силового пневмоцилиндра, шарнирно соединенного с рычагом регулятора топливного насоса высокого давления. При этом в цепь управления вводили обратную связь по положению рычага регулятора топливного насоса высокого давления, а управление оборотами коленчатого вала двигателя осуществляли с использованием программного ПИД-регулятора непрерывного действия. Разработанная стратегия дает возможность в режиме реального времени отследить отклонение регулируемого параметра от заданной величины и практически мгновенно выработать управляющее воздействие на исполнительные механизмы для устранения этого отклонения, обеспечивая минимальное время переходного процесса. Настройку параметров регулятора (пропорциональной, интегральной и дифференциальной составляющих) производили эмпирическим путем с использованием классического метода Циглера – Никольса, основанного на анализе запаса устойчивости системы автоматического регулирования. Приведены результаты расчета коэффициентов пропорционального интегрально-дифференциального регулятора, а также осциллограммы полунатурного эксперимента по апробации предложенной стратегии управления топливоподачей дизельного двигателя с использованием средств визуализации C

The Global Positioning System (GPS), a satellite navigation system, is critical to the United States' (U.S.) national and homeland security. The U.S. has made GPS resilient to interruption by flying more satellites than required, dispersing its infrastructure, and increasing its signals. Despite these efforts, there is concern the U.S. may not be able to overcome disturbances in GPS's operations. Limitations in GPS data and the policy literature prevent the full quantification of exactly how vulnerable GPS is to service interruption. This thesis used constant comparison analysis to examine how a shift in conceptual lens from viewing GPS as public utility to viewing it as a software platform has changed our understanding of its criticality, resilience, and vulnerability. This methodology overcomes research limitations by using GPS system design, operations, and policies as its data sources. The public utility lens reveals the U.S. has increased GPS resilience through system design and redundancies. The software platform lens shows the U.S. further increased GPS resilience by adding navigation signals. Together, the lenses indicate manufacturers, applications developers, and users are constraints to increasing GPS's resilience. Additional data, models, and research are required to inform policies and decisions to further improve GPS's resilience., http://archive.org/details/gpspublicutility1094550492, U.S. Coast Guard, Program Analyst, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Uchida S., Asai Y., Kariya Y., et al. Integrative and theoretical research on the architecture of a biological system and its disorder. Journal of Physiological Sciences , (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-019-00667-8., An organism stems from assemblies of a variety of cells and proteins. This complex system serves as a unit, and it exhibits highly sophisticated functions in response to exogenous stimuli that change over time. The complete sequencing of the entire human genome has allowed researchers to address the enigmas of life and disease at the gene- or molecular-based level. The consequence of such studies is the rapid accumulation of a multitude of data at multiple levels, ranging from molecules to the whole body, that has necessitated the development of entirely new concepts, tools, and methodologies to analyze and integrate these data. This necessity has given birth to systems biology, an advanced theoretical and practical research framework that has totally changed the directions of not only basic life science but also medicine. During the symposium of the 95th Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan 2018, five researchers reported on their respective studies on systems biology. The topics included reactions of drugs, ion-transport architecture in an epithelial system, multi-omics in renal disease, cardiac electrophysiological systems, and a software platform for computer simulation. In this review article these authors have summarized recent achievements in the field and discuss next-generation studies on health and disease.

Uchida S., Asai Y., Kariya Y., et al. Integrative and theoretical research on the architecture of a biological system and its disorder. Journal of Physiological Sciences , (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-019-00667-8., An organism stems from assemblies of a variety of cells and proteins. This complex system serves as a unit, and it exhibits highly sophisticated functions in response to exogenous stimuli that change over time. The complete sequencing of the entire human genome has allowed researchers to address the enigmas of life and disease at the gene- or molecular-based level. The consequence of such studies is the rapid accumulation of a multitude of data at multiple levels, ranging from molecules to the whole body, that has necessitated the development of entirely new concepts, tools, and methodologies to analyze and integrate these data. This necessity has given birth to systems biology, an advanced theoretical and practical research framework that has totally changed the directions of not only basic life science but also medicine. During the symposium of the 95th Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan 2018, five researchers reported on their respective studies on systems biology. The topics included reactions of drugs, ion-transport architecture in an epithelial system, multi-omics in renal disease, cardiac electrophysiological systems, and a software platform for computer simulation. In this review article these authors have summarized recent achievements in the field and discuss next-generation studies on health and disease.