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Purpose: This study aims to obtain a strategic model for the arrangement of the Indonesian plywood industry after the monetary crisis with high uncertainty. Theoretical framework: This study discusses several theoretical frameworks which include Strategic Policy, Plywood Industry, and System Dynamic Modeling. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted covering the stages of collecting data and information, as well as the stages of Dynamic System Modeling. Findings: The result of the study is the preparation of dynamic systems through formulation into dynamic sub-models, namely: plywood industrial production, sawn timber industry, chip mill industrial production, log raw material production for the wood industry, log economic contribution to the center and the region, illegal export logs, domestic and exports of the wood industry as well as financial feasibility of the plywood industry. Research, Practical & Social implications: The results of the study are useful for decision makers in Plywood Industry Management on work culture of Indonesia fabricaton because they show that the proposed practices have an important impact on organizational company excellence. Originality/value: The policies carried out in the plywood industry structuring strategy include a national plywood production limitation policy, a national sawn wood production limitation policy, and a cutting restriction policy in the form of the Annual Allowable Cutting in various combinations which are outlined in eight main policies scenarios and translated into 28 scenarios.

Purpose: Financial inclusion is a key concern that has achieved much impulsion in the last two decades internationally. It has the scope of reporting of financial scheme and institutions to the underserved community in the economy. This study examined the effect of financial innovation on economic growth with the mediation of financial inclusion. Design/Methodology/Approach: To address the relationship researchers in this study have used measures from a dataset of low and lower middle income group economies over a sample period from 2010-2017.  Findings: The results of this study shows that financial innovation creates opportunities for financially excluded segment of the society which results in financial inclusion that leads to economic growth of low and lower middle economies. Implications/Originality/Value: Study will provide new evidence that contributes new ways to improve low and lower middle economies towards economic growth by promoting financial innovation and financial inclusion.&nbsp

Purpose: Financial inclusion is a key concern that has achieved much impulsion in the last two decades internationally. It has the scope of reporting of financial scheme and institutions to the underserved community in the economy. This study examined the effect of financial innovation on economic growth with the mediation of financial inclusion. Design/Methodology/Approach: To address the relationship researchers in this study have used measures from a dataset of low and lower middle income group economies over a sample period from 2010-2017.  Findings: The results of this study shows that financial innovation creates opportunities for financially excluded segment of the society which results in financial inclusion that leads to economic growth of low and lower middle economies. Implications/Originality/Value: Study will provide new evidence that contributes new ways to improve low and lower middle economies towards economic growth by promoting financial innovation and financial inclusion.&nbsp

Purpose: Financial inclusion is a key concern that has achieved much impulsion in the last two decades internationally. It has the scope of reporting of financial scheme and institutions to the underserved community in the economy. This study examined the effect of financial innovation on economic growth with the mediation of financial inclusion. Design/Methodology/Approach: To address the relationship researchers in this study have used measures from a dataset of low and lower middle income group economies over a sample period from 2010-2017.  Findings: The results of this study shows that financial innovation creates opportunities for financially excluded segment of the society which results in financial inclusion that leads to economic growth of low and lower middle economies. Implications/Originality/Value: Study will provide new evidence that contributes new ways to improve low and lower middle economies towards economic growth by promoting financial innovation and financial inclusion.&nbsp

Purpose: Financial inclusion is a key concern that has achieved much impulsion in the last two decades internationally. It has the scope of reporting of financial scheme and institutions to the underserved community in the economy. This study examined the effect of financial innovation on economic growth with the mediation of financial inclusion. Design/Methodology/Approach: To address the relationship researchers in this study have used measures from a dataset of low and lower middle income group economies over a sample period from 2010-2017.  Findings: The results of this study shows that financial innovation creates opportunities for financially excluded segment of the society which results in financial inclusion that leads to economic growth of low and lower middle economies. Implications/Originality/Value: Study will provide new evidence that contributes new ways to improve low and lower middle economies towards economic growth by promoting financial innovation and financial inclusion.&nbsp

Purpose: Financial inclusion is a key concern that has achieved much impulsion in the last two decades internationally. It has the scope of reporting of financial scheme and institutions to the underserved community in the economy. This study examined the effect of financial innovation on economic growth with the mediation of financial inclusion. Design/Methodology/Approach: To address the relationship researchers in this study have used measures from a dataset of low and lower middle income group economies over a sample period from 2010-2017.  Findings: The results of this study shows that financial innovation creates opportunities for financially excluded segment of the society which results in financial inclusion that leads to economic growth of low and lower middle economies. Implications/Originality/Value: Study will provide new evidence that contributes new ways to improve low and lower middle economies towards economic growth by promoting financial innovation and financial inclusion.&nbsp

The aim of this paper is to offer an empirically grounded conceptualization of the dialogical relationship between spatial planning and place branding in the context of regionalization. The analysis displays the discursive nature of such relationship by highlighting the intertwining of spatial planning with place branding as strategic actions devoted to, and included in, regional development processes. The analysis is based on two cases in Sweden. The first is linked to the emergence of the brand 'Stockholm, the Capital of Scandinavia', and the other is linked to the emergence of the brand 'Swedish Lapland'. By combining data collected longitudinally, these cases represent two contrasting examples of dialogical relationships that materialize through two distinct yet somehow similar strategic processes of regionalization. Based on the two cases, the paper presents and discusses an empirically driven, albeit conceptual, model that highlights the dialogical relationship of regionalization as regional strategic policy and points out its spatial and political evolutionary features.

The implementation of the sustainable development goals requires the coordinated activities at all levels of government and administration, including the regional level. The Sverdlovsk Region, one of the leading regions of the Russian Federation, actively uses the mechanisms of the strategic management in making the socio-economic policy, however, the coordination of the traditional strategic priorities and goals of sustainable development of the UN is required. Comparison of the SDGs and strategic policy directions implemented in the Sverdlovsk region made it possible to identify three groups of SDGs: highly reflected in strategic documents, partially implemented and not yet reflected in making a regional strategy. Despite the high level of coordination of the SDGs and the strategic objectives of the region, there are the problematic areas, including the activities to combat poverty and gender policy. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020.

У даній статті автор простежив еволюцію політики США стосовно Афганістануз 11 вересня 2001 року та проаналізував геополітичну стратегію СполученихШтатів щодо цього регіону. Зроблено висновок, що головне завдання вторгнення в Афганістан так і не було виконано. Протягом 9 років США не змогли забезпечити мир і стабільність, хоча постійно збільшували свій військовий контингент у цій країні, В данной статье автор проследил эволюцию политики США в отношенииАфганистана начиная с 11 сентября 2001 и проанализировал геополитическуюстратегию Соединенных Штатов в отношении этого региона. Сделан вывод,что главная задача вторжения американских войск в Афганистан осталась невыполненной. На протяжении 9 лет США не смогли обеспечить мир и стабильность, хотя постоянно увеличивали военный контингент в этой стране, In this article the author traced the evolution of U.S. policy on Afghanistan starting9/11 and analyzed the U. S. geopolitical strategy concerning this very region. Theconclusion is made, that the main task of intrusion of the American armies to Afghanistan has remained not executed. During 9 years the USA could not provide the world and stability though constantly increased a military contingent in this country

Governments frequently develop policies that are strategic in nature. Strategic issues at the national level are those requiring long timeframes for impact, coordinated approaches across multiple tiers of government, are cross-sectoral, and require systemic approaches to design and implementation. Yet the process of how national strategic polices are developed and implemented in Australia is unclear, and largely unattended in the literature. This paper provides a foundation to understanding the characteristics of strategic polices and approaches to their development. Five national policies are compared (National Competition Policy, National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development, the Strategic Roadmap for Australian Research Infrastructure, Australia in the Asian Century, and the National Food Plan) and discussed. An analytical framework is constructed and key attributes of strategic policy identified.

Ukrainian strategic policy decisions have a direct impact on US policy in Eastern Europe. Ukraine is often at the forefront of political tensions between the US, EU and Russia. The gas crisis of 2009 resulted in the cutoff of natural gas supplies to Europe for nearly two weeks highlighting the importance of Ukrainian-Russian relations to Europe and the West. The Ukrainian government is still struggling with the democratic process and a weak economy. Economic demands are the driving component of Ukrainian strategic policy decisions. Ukraine's requirements for western economic aid and attempts to gain NATO membership have raised tensions between Russia and Ukraine. Russia has been perceived as increasingly assertive in its foreign policy actions in the region, particularly after the invasion of Georgia. Using energy policy and an increasing use of soft power, Russia has attempted to influence Ukrainian strategic policy. The current government of Ukraine has set a course balancing their needs from the west while placating some of Russia's issues such as the Black Sea Fleet, NATO and energy issues. The challenges that Ukraine faces and how they develop strategic policy will have important implications on United States foreign policy in the region.

The traditional public health model for mass vaccination, which is based on the assumption that workforce will be sufficient to mount a campaign, is flawed. Funding initiatives by Congress, while addressing certain inadequacies, have failed to consider workforce capacity that continued to decline resulting from state and local budget cuts. Thus, as the nation prepared for its first pandemic in 40 years and first of the twenty-first century, it found itself unprepared for a mass vaccination campaign. This thesis explores pandemic vaccine distribution, contrasting Department of Health and Human Service guidance with pandemic gap analyses and the recent H1N1 vaccination campaign. An analysis of the literature revealed that unresolved state and federal distribution issues contributed to distribution delays during the H1N1 call for mass vaccination. Policy analysis was used to evaluate public health and private sector vaccine distribution models, and a third hybrid model was proposed to improve support for public health emergencies. Adoption of the hybrid model will enhance the vaccination process from production through distribution along with administration to support U.S national security interest in biosecurity. The hybrid model offers a strategic solution for pandemic vaccine distribution and proposes a new approach for efficient, rapid distribution of biological countermeasures., The original document contains color images.

This research project will proceed from a brief general examination of the use of economic sanctions as an instrument of policy to an examination of the specific case of economic sanctions currently used against Iraq and the smart sanctions regime suggested recently by Secretary of State Colin Powell. My analysis will lay out basic areas of criticism and briefly look at how well current U.S. and UN sanctions policy toward Iraq fares in the face of these objections. This will set the stage for an examination of the notion of a smart sanctions regime as a potential solution to reconcile some if not all of the problems extant in the consideration of sanctions regimes as a viable and acceptable instrument of policy in use toward the attainment of U.S. political objectives in Iraq.

Economic sanctions have been a long-standing strategic policy instrument used by the United States. While much research has been conducted on the effectiveness of sanctions, little has been written on whether governments anticipate economic sanctions and take measures to protect assets held in foreign countries. Using Iraq as a case study, this thesis uses publicly available U.S. Government-collected information to track the flow of financial data within the United States to determine if it is possible to identify events which may indicate that a country is attempting to protect its foreign assets in anticipation of economic sanctions. The thesis concludes that Iraq did not anticipate U.S. imposed economic sanctions prior to invading Kuwait in August 1990, and that financial data collected by various U.S. Government agencies are not particularly useful in conducting timely financial flow analysis.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relations between Japan and North Korea, identifying each nation's concept of its own security interests. I have, by way of introduction, described the present status of Korea, both north and south, and examined the transitory division between the two halves of what both profess is a single divided country. Chapter II examines the strategic significance of the Korean peninsula to China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Japan. Chapters III and IV discuss North Korea and Japan's foreign policy goals, especially as they relate to internal and external security considerations. Chapter V attempts to determine the nature of the accommodation between North Korea and Japan, based on their own strategic interests. The effect of this accommodation on the United States, should it accelerate, reaching a positive conclusion; should it drag on with little progress; or should it fail, will be examined in Chapter VI., http://archive.org/details/japanndnorthkore1094518478, Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Iran is considered a significant threat to the stability of the Middle East region, the United States, and its partners. There is an opinion that the United States and its partners are about to reach an inflection point where military action is the predominant instrument of national power left to curtail Iran's volatility and uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to provide background for strategic planners on the instruments of national power used by British and Soviet planners during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran during World War II. This case study provides critical insight into how the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union applied their instruments of national power to influence Iran and can offer a blueprint for modern planners to replicate.

Ukrainian strategic policy decisions have a direct impact on US policy in Eastern Europe. Ukraine is often at the forefront of political tensions between the US, EU and Russia. The gas crisis of 2009 resulted in the cutoff of natural gas supplies to Europe for nearly two weeks highlighting the importance of Ukrainian-Russian relations to Europe and the West. The Ukrainian government is still struggling with the democratic process and a weak economy. Economic demands are the driving component of Ukrainian strategic policy decisions. Ukraine's requirements for western economic aid and attempts to gain NATO membership have raised tensions between Russia and Ukraine. Russia has been perceived as increasingly assertive in its foreign policy actions in the region, particularly after the invasion of Georgia. Using energy policy and an increasing use of soft power, Russia has attempted to influence Ukrainian strategic policy. The current government of Ukraine has set a course balancing their needs from the west while placating some of Russia's issues such as the Black Sea Fleet, NATO and energy issues. The challenges that Ukraine faces and how they develop strategic policy will have important implications on United States foreign policy in the region.

This monograph examines the linkage between U.S. Army tactical doctrine and changes in the strategic environment. If change in the strategic environment as codified by policy is not understood by soldiers then there is a danger that the Army will produce a doctrine incompatible with the needs of the country. This monograph uses the rational actor model to establish the link between the two variables. The monograph applies the model across three instances of U.S. Army tactical doctrinal change in the Eisenhower, Nixon, and Bush Administrations. The analysis reveals that the Army leadership made a conscious effort to translate the strategic policy of each Administration into a doctrine that would produce victory on the battlefield. Finally, the study concludes by examining the future of doctrinal change in an era of strategic and operational uncertainty. It proposes that future change be guided by four criteria: relevance, achievability, acceptability, and adaptability.

The Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991 was widely hailed as a triumph of modern warfare. Those who remembered the trauma and inconclusiveness of Vietnam applauded its clear goals, lack of civilian interference, and decisive end. Yet, twelve years later, the U.S. invaded Iraq and embarked upon the high-risk, open-ended commitment that the first Bush administration had sought to avoid. This thesis examines U.S. civil-military relations and decision making regarding Iraq at three points between 1990 and 1998. Were those decisions consistent with legal, treaty, and moral obligations? Did the civilian policy makers provide military leaders with adequate guidance to make decisions and did the military provide the civilians with adequate options to formulate guidance? Finally, did the decision makers adequately revisit their decisions in order to adapt to changing situations? The U.S. political system constrained civilian decision makers within the law, but the desire for unambiguous and unchanging guidance caused civilian leaders to leave guidance unchanged in the face of changing political circumstances. Both military and civilian leaders generally discounted the unpredictable impact of military actions themselves on the strategic goals and therefore failed to adapt to changing situations.