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The paper investigates how Christians of different denominations in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth described the Tatars and the Turks in the legends related to the miraculous image/icons of Virgin Mary. It includes both the use of topoi of Tatars devastating the icons during Tatar incursions in the 13-16 centuries, general vision of the Turks and Tatars by the 17 and 18-centuries’ authors, and presentation of them as military enemies in the setting of wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as well as reflection of these plots in the visual art. The research is based on the analysis of legends and miracles dating back to the 17-18th century and available visual material. It was shown that Christians of three main denominations –Orthodox, Catholics, Greek Catholics– represented the Turks and the Tatars in a similar way and the representation corresponded to the representation of other military enemies independently of religious believes., El artículo investiga cómo los cristianos de diferentes denominaciones en la Commonwealth polaco-lituana describieron a los tártaros y los turcos en las leyendas relacionadas con la imagen/iconos milagrosos de la Virgen María. Incluye tanto el uso de topoi de tártaros que devastaron los iconos durante las incursiones tártaras en los siglos XIII-XVI, la visión general de los turcos y tártaros por parte de los autores de los siglos XVII y XVIII, y la presentación de ellos como enemigos militares en el escenario de guerras entre el Imperio Otomano y la Commonwealth polaco-lituana, así como el reflejo de estas tramas en el arte visual. La investigación se basa en el análisis de leyendas y milagros que datan de los siglos XVII-XVIII y el material visual disponible. Se demostró que los cristianos de tres denominaciones principales –ortodoxos, católicos, greco-católicos– representaban a los turcos y tártaros de manera similar y la representación correspondía a la representación de otros enemigos militares independientemente de sus creencias religiosas.

In recent years, in world linguistics much consideration is given to the study of mentality of different peoples. Linguists pay especially great attention to the study of folklore texts, as they describe the historical moments in the life of the people, clearly express the actions and vividly reflect the thoughts of different nationalities. Proverbs are short genres of folklore, they are also bearers of more information about the mental capacities of the people. Despite the fact that the proverbs of different peoples have much in common, yet they contain national awareness. The proverbs, sayings, riddles, and other genres contain historical, national language, linguocultural, extralinguistic information. All this is characteristic for the proverbs of the Tatar language as well. In the Tatar linguistic cultural space the proverbs have been studied more than once, but the mental qualities of the Tatars, as reflected in the descriptions and actions of zoonyms, hitherto, have been not the object of special study. The purpose of this work is the study of the national mentality in the proverbs of the Tatar language. We have used descriptive, semiotic, integrally-contrastive, statistical and linguistic and cultural research methods. The analysis of the factual material showed that the Tatar proverbs clearly express national specific features of attachment to the native land, diligence praising, respect for elders, a positive attitude toward modesty, critic of ostentation, sloth, treachery associated with the past history and traditions of the people.

The question of preservation and transmission of cultural elements from one generation to another is widely discussed within the scope of humanities and natural sciences. This article discusses the phenomenon of cultural transmission between generations of the Tatars residing in the CPR and the role of language in this. The eastern branch of the Tatar emigration is least studied of all in the language aspect, but deserves special attention. Therefore, language features of the Tatar language of the representatives of the Tatar diaspora in China were selected as the object of study of this project. A coverage of approaches to the study of the role of language in the cultural transmission is offered. Each language is a tool for formation, preservation and transmission of national culture. In this connection, the study of language as a cultural code of the nation, and not only as an instrument of communication and cognition is very important. And this is dictated by the process of rethinking the role of language in the cultural creative activity of man. Everything is evidence of the fact that language is not only a means of communication, but also a translator of culture. It is the vocabulary in which culture, realities, social features, and beliefs of the Tatars are mirrored.

In recent years, in world linguistics much consideration is given to the study of mentality of different peoples. Linguists pay especially great attention to the study of folklore texts, as they describe the historical moments in the life of the people, clearly express the actions and vividly reflect the thoughts of different nationalities. Proverbs are short genres of folklore, they are also bearers of more information about the mental capacities of the people. Despite the fact that the proverbs of different peoples have much in common, yet they contain national awareness. The proverbs, sayings, riddles, and other genres contain historical, national language, linguocultural, extralinguistic information. All this is characteristic for the proverbs of the Tatar language as well. In the Tatar linguistic cultural space the proverbs have been studied more than once, but the mental qualities of the Tatars, as reflected in the descriptions and actions of zoonyms, hitherto, have been not the object of special study. The purpose of this work is the study of the national mentality in the proverbs of the Tatar language. We have used descriptive, semiotic, integrally-contrastive, statistical and linguistic and cultural research methods. The analysis of the factual material showed that the Tatar proverbs clearly express national specific features of attachment to the native land, diligence praising, respect for elders, a positive attitude toward modesty, critic of ostentation, sloth, treachery associated with the past history and traditions of the people.