1. Controlling the Spatial Spread of a Xylella Epidemic
- Author
-
Vincenzo Capasso, Sebastian Aniţa, and Simone Scacchi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Integrated pest management ,Special Issue: Celebrating J. D. Murray ,Xylella ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematical model ,Statistics ,92D30 ,Numerical simulations ,General Environmental Science ,Mathematics ,Xylella fastidiosa ,Biomass (ecology) ,biology ,Control strategies ,General Neuroscience ,Olive trees ,Regional control ,Tree (data structure) ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Italy ,93B99 ,35-XX ,92D40 ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Resource (biology) ,General Mathematics ,Immunology ,Philaenus spumarius ,Insect Control ,Models, Biological ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Hemiptera ,03 medical and health sciences ,37N25 ,Olea ,Animals ,Epidemics ,Plant Diseases ,Pharmacology ,35B40 ,Reaction–diffusion models ,biology.organism_classification ,92C80 ,030104 developmental biology ,Weed ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In a recent paper by one of the authors and collaborators, motivated by the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) outbreak, which has been ongoing in Southern Italy since 2013, a simple epidemiological model describing this epidemic was presented. Beside the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the main players considered in the model are its insect vectors, Philaenus spumarius, and the host plants (olive trees and weeds) of the insects and of the bacterium. The model was based on a system of ordinary differential equations, the analysis of which provided interesting results about possible equilibria of the epidemic system and guidelines for its numerical simulations. Although the model presented there was mathematically rather simplified, its analysis has highlighted threshold parameters that could be the target of control strategies within an integrated pest management framework, not requiring the removal of the productive resource represented by the olive trees. Indeed, numerical simulations support the outcomes of the mathematical analysis, according to which the removal of a suitable amount of weed biomass (reservoir of Xylella fastidiosa) from olive orchards and surrounding areas resulted in the most efficient strategy to control the spread of the OQDS. In addition, as expected, the adoption of more resistant olive tree cultivars has been shown to be a good strategy, though less cost-effective, in controlling the pathogen. In this paper for a more realistic description and a clearer interpretation of the proposed control measures, a spatial structure of the epidemic system has been included, but, in order to keep mathematical technicalities to a minimum, only two players have been described in a dynamical way, trees and insects, while the weed biomass is taken to be a given quantity. The control measures have been introduced only on a subregion of the whole habitat, in order to contain costs of intervention. We show that such a practice can lead to the eradication of an epidemic outbreak. Numerical simulations confirm both the results of the previous paper and the theoretical results of the model with a spatial structure, though subject to regional control only.
- Published
- 2020