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Vocabulary is an essential component in learning a second or a foreign language. It is one of the most important aspects of obtaining all four language skills; reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Therefore, teaching and learning vocabulary should be done through various-interactive media so that children are interested in acquiring it. Integrating gamefication-based learning media can be utilised to support the teaching-learning vocabulary. In addition, Paper-Mode Quizziz can be used as a game-based learning platform offering multiple tools to make a classroom fun, interactive, and engaging in learning vocabulary. This research aimed at investigating the use of Paper-Mode Quizizz to improve students’ vocabulary at eighth grade students. This research was Classroom Action Research conducted at eighth grade students. The research subject was 8C grade students of SMP SSA Negeri Kloposawit 1 Candipuro. Further, this research was conducted in two cycles. In cycle I, the researcher found that the eighth-grade students’ vocabulary mastery was improved. The average score was 72,4. Further, in cycle II, the eighth-grade students’ vocabulary mastery was much better than in cycle II. the average score was 81,4. It showed that the use of Paper-Mode Quizizz profoundly improved the eighth-grade students’ vocabulary mastery. In addition, the students were more enjoyed, actively participated, highly motivated, and engaged with the use of Paper-Mode Quizizz in learning new vocabularies. In short, the implementation of Paper-Mode Quizizz profoundly improved the students’ vocabulary mastery at eighth-grade students in learning English.

In this original paper, the development of a paper-based, sensitive, low-cost, quantitative and consistent biosensor system was demonstrated for the suitable “naked-eye” detection of phenolic compounds (specifical catechol). The Paper-based system depends on the enzymatic color-changing reaction that observed by using chromogenic agent of 4-AAP (4-aminoantipyrine) which has a specific color changing reaction in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme, phenol and H2O2. The visual result was associated with the catechol concentration by using image processing software to evaluate the quantitative detection. The developed biosensor system demonstrated a linear detection range from catechol between 2,5 µM to 100 µM with 2.6% to 9.3 % of sd results. The detection limit was also calculated as 2,25 µM. Specificity, selectivity, stability and direct real sample analysis demonstrated the potential applicability of the developed paper-based biosensor system for catechol detection in food samples with minimal investment and an easy-to-use method.

This article situates Chinese paper children immigration during the Exclusion Era and the pre–1965 period in the combined framework of ancient Chinese adoption and transnational kinship formation. It examines, by reading paper children's oral histories and related sources, how the paper children system was rooted in, borrowed from, and modified ancient Chinese adoption practices, through which Chinese immigrants formed transnational, fictive kinship in the United States that were mixed with both blood and non-blood relationships. Since the Exclusion Era, a discourse about Chinese immigrants, especially paper children being illegal, was so powerful that immigration historians seldom question this assumption, even as they critique the institutionalized exclusion that created such illegality. This article, however, challenges this assumption by arguing that paper children immigration generated de facto adoptive relationships between paper children and their paper families, and that these adoptive relationships further sustained paper children's legal status as American citizens. Treating paper children as de facto adoptive members of their paper families, this article brings to the surface a fact that by emphasizing their illegality, the dominant discourse only acknowledged their hidden, original identities and deemed parent-child relationships based on blood ties as the only legitimate ones.

Maternal milk is a vital component of infant diet. In rural Gambia, earlier introduction of complementary foods coincides with the annual period where maternal agricultural workload intensifies in this region. This paper describes patterns of infant feeding in the HERO-G study from birth to 12 months of age. Raw and extended (questionnaire) data are available.

This article reviews Bram Büscher’s book The Truth about Nature: Environmentalism in the Era of Post-truth Politics and Platform Capitalism (2021).