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One approach to match donor and recipient for transplantation involves the use of in vitro models for study of the different phases of the homograft reaction. By far the most common one which has been used in this regard is the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) test. The MLC test (Bain et al.,1964; Bach and Hirschhorn, 1964) serves as an in vitro model of the recognition phase of the homograft reaction. As such it is useful for the study of histocompatibility and cellular mechanisms of graft rejection. More recently the MLC test has been combined with in vitro assays for cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). Lymphocytes sensitized in MLC are, after a number of days, cytotoxic to chromate (51Cr) labeled target cells carrying histocompatibility antigens to which the lymphocytes are sensitized. This allows the in vitro study of the effector phase of the homograft reaction. Since the techniques used for the studies reported herein have been published, we will simply refer to the appropriate papers for the methodological details.