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В статье обосновывается необходимость расширения работ в области эколого-географического испытания хозяйственно ценных растительных объектов в системе ботанических учреждений, курируемых Советом ботанических садов России. Подчеркнута роль уникальных естественных, природных полигонов, в границах которых осуществляют свою деятельность три ботанических сада, относящихся к Российской академии наук. Первый – Никитский ботанический сад, основные коллекционные фонды которого находятся в зоне средиземноморского климата (г. Ялта). Второй – Центральный сибирский ботанический сад СО РАН, вводящий в культуру растения в условиях континентального климата лесостепи Западной Сибири (г. Новосибирск). Третий – Ботанический сад-институт ДВО РАН с генофондом культурной и природной флоры, изучаемым в муссонном климате (г. Владивосток). Описаны особенности сезонного развития, морфогенеза, органогенеза, онтогенеза и репродуктивной биологии сортов садовых роз селекции Никитского ботанического сада в трех климатических зонах. Показано, что в географическом пункте выведения сортов, находящемся вблизи Ялты, влияние климатических условий приводит к отсутствию у роз зимнего покоя и естественного окончания вегетационного периода – он искусственно регулируется ежегодной февральской обрезкой. В муссонном климате Владивостока наибольшее число безоблачных дней (до 80%) наблюдается зимой, что не может отражаться на вегетации роз в открытом грунте, но благотворно влияет на развитие и срезочную продукцию роз в теплицах. В лесостепи Западной Сибири сорта из групп чайно-гибридные, флорибунда, грандифлора, Розы Кордеса и миниатюрные на протяжении всего периода изучения не вступали в постгенеративный период, завершающим онтогенетическим состоянием являлось g3. Основным критерием отбора перспективных сортов садовых роз в условиях континентального климата является биоморфологический – способность к цветению однолетних побегов. Селекционная работа с розами в условиях Южного берега Крыма проводится в открытом грунте, в континентальном и муссонном климате – в условиях теплиц., The paper states that it is necessary to expand the work in the field of ecological and geographical testing of economically valuable plant objects in the system of Botanical institutions supervised by the Council of Botanical gardens of Russia. The role of unique natural polygons of three Botanical gardens belonging to the Russian Academy of Sciences is emphasized. The main collection funds of the Nikita Botanical Garden are located in the Mediterranean climate zone (Yalta). In the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences plants are introduced into the culture in the conditions of the continental climate of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk). In the Botanical Garden-Institute of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences the gene pool of cultural and natural flora is studied in the monsoon climate (Vladivostok). The authors describe peculiarities of seasonal development, morphogenesis, organogenesis, ontogeny and reproductive biology of garden roses varieties of the Nikita Botanical Garden selection in three climatic zones. It is shown that in the geographical point of varieties breeding located near Yalta, the influence of climatic conditions leads to the absence of winter rest and natural end of the growing season – it is artificially regulated by the annual February pruning. In the monsoon climate of Vladivostok, the largest number of cloudless days (up to 80%) is observed in winter, which can not affect the vegetation of roses in the open ground, but has a beneficial effect on the development and cutting production of roses in greenhouses. In the forest-steppe of Western Siberia varieties from the groups of tea-hybrid, floribunda, grandiflora, Cordes roses and miniature throughout the study period did not enter the postgenerative period, the final ontogenetic state was g3. The main criterion for the selection of garden roses promising varieties in a continental climate is biomorphological – the ability of annual shoots to bloom. Breeding work with roses in the southern coast of the Crimea is carried out in the open ground, in the continental and monsoon climate – in greenhouses.

Although Ethiopia has abundant rainfall during the monsoon, its agricultural system does not yet fully benefit from the technologies of optimal agricultural water management during the dry season when water supplies are short. Therefore, there is need to investigate the potential of simple water saving irrigation technologies for farmers. In this study two different irrigation scheduling methods were compared: irrigation scheduling by Wetting Front Detector (WFD) and soil water balance by measuring soil moisture using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). Eighteen farmers, grew the same onion variety, were randomly assigned to the two irrigation management practices. The experimental plot size varied between 100 m2 and 230 m2.Recommended crop management and fertilizer application rates were maintained for all farmers. The average amount of water applied in the WFD plots was 24% lower than for TDR. Larger variability among the TDR farmers was found both in irrigation quantity and yield. Differences in yield, water productivity and water use efficiency between both irrigation treatments were not significant. The study shows that using the WFD tool could guide farmers on how much to irrigate, reducing the amount of water without affecting crop yields., Paper presented at the International Conference of the Advancement of Science and Technology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 17-18 July 2016

Despite millions of dollars invested in soil and water conservation practices in the (sub) humid Ethiopian highlands and billions of hours of food-for-work farm labor, sediment concentration in rivers is increasing. This paper reports on the research to reverse the current trend. Based on the understanding of the hydrology of highlands, we provide evidence on sources of surface runoff and sediment and on mechanisms that govern the erosion processes and approaches and how they affect soil and water conservation practices. We suggest that priority in landscape interventions should be given to re-vegetation of the degraded areas so as to reduce the sediment concentration contributions originating from these areas. Additionally, efforts should be directed to gully rehabilitation in the saturated bottom landscape that may consist of vegetating shallow gullies and stabilizing head cuts of deeper gullies Finally, rehabilitation efforts should be directed to increase the rain water infiltration in the upland areas through the hard pan layer by connecting the land surface to the original deep flow paths that exist below about 60 cm. It will reduce the direct runoff during the rainy season and increase baseflow during the dry season.