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Tuberculosis is treated with a group of drugs that need to be used over a long period of time and isoniazid is the major drug in this group. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis is the most serious problem in tuberculosis treatment. The enzyme N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT-2) metabolizes isoniazid in the liver so it is considered to cause hepatotoxicity. The association of polymorphic NAT acetylator status and antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis is discussed. To determine whether acetylator status is a risk factor for antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis, we genotyped NAT2*5A, NAT2*6A, NAT2*7A/B and NAT2*14A polymorphisms in 100 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. 70 patients who did not develop hepatotoxicity were classified as the control group, and 30 patients who were diagnosed with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis were classified as the study group. NAT2 polymorphisms were divided into three phenotypic groups according to the analytical results obtained. Among the 70 patients constituting the control group; 14 (20%), 37 (52.9%), 19 (27.10%) patients were rapid, intermediate and slow acetylators respectively. In contrast, among the patients constituting the study group; 3 (10%), 4 (13.3%), 23 (76.7%) patients were rapid, intermediate and slow acetylators. The difference was statistically significant when the control and study groups were compared for their acetylator status. The proportion of slow acetylators was much higher in the study group. In conclusion, NAT2 acetylator phenotype analysis by molecular biology methods prior to medical treatment for tuberculosis, can be used both for determining the high-risk group of patients who may develop hepatotoxicity and for closer follow-up during treatment period.

In this study, the unglazed ceramic tiles from blast furnace slag and clay have been investigated. Clay in the range of 0-100 wt.% have been added into the blast furnace slag. Cylindrical specimens, shaped by pressing the blast furnace slag containing clay, were sintered at 1150, 1175 and 1200 degrees C for 1 h. The firing shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity and water absorption of sintered specimens are explained on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The gehlenite, anorthite, quartz, akermanite, wollastonite and enstatite phases were found by XRD of sintered samples and SEM studies revealed crystals embedded in the glassy matrix. The results showed that ceramic tiles such as wall tile could be made from blast furnace slag and clay mixture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.