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The introduction of new crops to agrophytocenoses, to which Crocus sativus belongs, should be preceded by research into their ecological safety and place in crop rotation. When harvesting raw materials for obtaining saffron, up to 90% of by-products remain, which during decomposition can have a negative effect on the soil and indirectly on the plants that are grown after saffron. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the allelopathic activity of water-soluble and volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flowers in the agroclimatic conditions of the Northern Black Sea region. The research was conducted in 2021 according to the generally accepted methodology, freshly picked flowers were used, from which individual elements were extracted, and flowers of different stages of flowering. The following research methods were used: field, laboratory, computational and statistical. The results of the research established that the water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers and their parts stimulate the energy of germination and inhibit the growth of one-day seedlings of Lactuca sativum. Water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers have a negative allelopathic effect. The index of allelopathic activity under the action of water-soluble secretions of flowers ranges from -0.26 for a flower with all parts to -0.01 for petals. The highest stimulating effect of volatile secretions on the growth of Lactuca sativum roots and the allelopathic activity index value is characteristic of the flower that has just bloomed and the stamens, and the lowest - for the pistils. The allelopathic activity of the volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flower parts is set at the level of 6.4 (pistil) and 28.8% (stamens). Substances that inhibit the germination of Lactuca sativum roots are found mainly in the stamens. It was determined that the volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flower parts reduce the energy of seed germination of the test plant. The practical value of the research is that the results of the research can be used when determining the place of the crop in crop rotation and the duration of its cultivation in one field

The autumn growth and development of plants depend on a complex of external factors: the average daily air temperature, the amount of precipitation, the humidity of the seed layer of the soil, nutrients, light, etc. If winter wheat is sown at a later date, there are risks that the plants will enter the winter not well developed. It is possible to accelerate the passage of interphase periods with the help of irrigation, which is a necessary agrotechnical measure in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of varietal characteristics, irrigation and weather conditions on the duration of interphase periods of winter wheat in the autumn period on an international scale. Experimental research was carried out during 2020-2021 on southern chernozem, on the basis of the Educational Scientific and Practical Center of the Mykolaiv NAU with two varieties of winter wheat. Field, laboratory and comparative calculation methods were used during the research. The establishment and conduct of experiments were carried out according to the methodology of the research case. Soil moisture was determined by the thermogravimetric method, and phenophases were determined simultaneously throughout the experiment. It was determined that irrigation for 1-2 days reduces the duration of the interphase period of BBCH 00-09; for 3 days – BBCH 10-12; for 11 days – BBCH 13-19; for 5-7 days – BBCH 20-22. In natural conditions (without irrigation), the duration of the interphase periods (from BBCH 00-09 to 20-22) of the growth and development of plants of the studied varieties of winter wheat in 2020 was 93-96 days, which is 23-25 days more than in 2021. In plants of the Ovid variety under conditions of natural moisture (without irrigation), the interphase periods came 1-3 days later than in the Duma Odeska variety, while under irrigation conditions there was no significant difference. The obtained scientific results of the research will contribute to the wider implementation of irrigation, which will ensure the rapid and full growth and development of winter wheat plants in the autumn period, which will further contribute to increasing the yield and gross harvest of grain

Ecological features of No-till technology in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine The effect of No-till technology on soil density, soil moisture reserves, soil microbiological activity, and crop yields was studied. The increase in crop yield up to 14.3-22.9% by No-till technology allowed us to draw a conclusion about optimizing soil fertility indicators in the climatic conditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine in comparison with traditional intensive technologies. It was shown that the introduction of No-till technology will allow improve environmental processes in the soil, reduce the anthropogenic load on agroecosystems and the manifestation of erosion processes, increase crop yields and reduce energy costs for their cultivation. Keywords: soil, No-till technology, soil density, soil moisture, fertility, yield.