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本研究目的為評估預防計畫對老人跌倒相關傷害之成效，從 Cochrane Library、Medline、 PubMed、PsycARTICLES、PsycINFO、ERIC、AgeLine、CINAHL、Psychology、Behavioral Sciences Collection databases 等，蒐集所有相關的臨床隨機試驗研究，文獻年代範圍從 1996 年 至 2016 年間，並應用探索性統合分析，計算老人跌倒預防計畫之效果量。共計 33 篇期刊論 文納入分析（68,736 人），探索性統合分析結果顯示，跌倒預防計畫對因跌倒所造成的傷害 具顯著效果（OR＝0.86, 95% CI：0.75-0.97），但是對於骨折的預防效果則介於邊緣性顯著差 異（OR＝0.80, 95% CI：0.63-1.03）。此外，跌倒預防計畫若是不分男女、介入內容包含健康 照護專家、當參與者超過 20%具跌倒經驗、社區為介入場域、包含多元介入等，本研究發現 預防計畫對於預防跌倒相關傷害具有小卻顯著的效果，因此，未來規劃跌倒預防計畫時，政 策制定者及臨床工作者應考量不同特性的老人，並提出合適的介入計畫。 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fall prevention programs on fall-related injuries, and the characteristics of these programs. The Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, ERIC, AgeLine, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases were searched for randomized clinical trials on fall-related injuries among older adults from 1996 to 2016. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the combined effects of fall prevention programs on fall-related injuries. A total of 33 research papers were included in the meta-analysis (68,736 participants). The meta-analysis found that fall prevention programs had a significant effect in preventing fall-related injuries (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97), but a borderline-significant effect in preventing fractures (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.63-1.03). The fall prevention programs had a significant effect on fall-related injuries when both male and female participants were included in the study sample, interventions involved healthcare professionals, more than 20% of the patient population had a history of falling, interventions occurred in the community setting, and multiple interventions were used. Thus, fall prevention programs had a small but significant effect in preventing fall-related injuries but only a borderline effect in preventing fractures. When planning fall prevention programs, This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fall prevention programs on fall-related injuries, and the characteristics of these programs. The Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, ERIC, AgeLine, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases were searched for randomized clinical trials on fall-related injuries among older adults from 1996 to 2016. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the combined effects of fall prevention programs on fall-related injuries. A total of 33 research papers were included in the meta-analysis (68,736 participants). The meta-analysis found that fall prevention programs had a significant effect in preventing fall-related injuries (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97), but a borderline-significant effect in preventing fractures (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.63-1.03). The fall prevention programs had a significant effect on fall-related injuries when both male and female participants were included in the study sample, interventions involved healthcare professionals, more than 20% of the patient population had a history of falling, interventions occurred in the community setting, and multiple interventions were used. Thus, fall prevention programs had a small but significant effect in preventing fall-related injuries but only a borderline effect in preventing fractures. When planning fall prevention programs, This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fall prevention programs on fall-related injuries, and the characteristics of these programs. The Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, ERIC, AgeLine, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases were searched for randomized clinical trials on fall-related injuries among older adults from 1996 to 2016. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the combined effects of fall prevention programs on fall-related injuries. A total of 33 research papers were included in the meta-analysis (68,736 participants). The meta-analysis found that fall prevention programs had a significant effect in preventing fall-related injuries (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97), but a borderline-significant effect in preventing fractures (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.63-1.03). The fall prevention programs had a significant effect on fall-related injuries when both male and female participants were included in the study sample, interventions involved healthcare professionals, more than 20% of the patient population had a history of falling, interventions occurred in the community setting, and multiple interventions were used. Thus, fall prevention programs had a small but significant effect in preventing fall-related injuries but only a borderline effect in preventing fractures. When planning fall prevention programs, future policy makers and clinical workers should consider the different characteristics of older adults to propose appropriate intervention programs.

澳門特別行政區（下稱澳門）的學校主要由私立學校構成。在《基本法》辦學自主的原則下，政府推動教育改革面臨一定困難。為開拓參與空間，政府持續加大財政援助，對地區課程進行引導干預。在政府帶領下，大學與學校的夥伴協作（University-School Collaboration）成為提升學校和教師能量、發展校本課程的重要嘗試。本文採用個案研究，探索「遙控」和「浸入」兩種不同校本支援路徑，在發展校本課程、促進教師專業發展中的具體策略、歷程和作用。研究資料來自會議紀錄等文本及訪談，希望從中窺見不同支援途徑下校本課程發展的特點、限制和可能。 The schooling system of Macao Special Administrative Region (known as Macao SAR) comprises a majority of private schools. In accordance with the SAR Basic Law, private schools enjoy a great autonomy to run their schools. As such, the local government has encountered many difficulties in educational reform. In order to explore the space of intervention in curriculum matters, the government has continued to give financial support to schools through government initiated school development schemes. Under the leadership of the government, the university-school collaborative project has become one of the significant attempts to enhance teacher professional development as well as school effectiveness. This paper aims to examine the two approaches of school-based curriculum development, namely “long-distance” and “immersion” in order to reveal the effectiveness and actual changes in the school. The research data is basically derived from interviews and documents provided by the researched school.

A new method was proposed to synthesize computer-generated hologram of three-dimensional object.According to the principles of paraboloid of revolution in three-dimensional Fourier space,spectra information of three-dimensional object was gathered.A series of projection images of three-dimensional object was recorded by circular scanning method,then the information of the projection spectra in several semi-circles form was extracted and encoded into computer-generated hologram based on conjugate-symmetric extension.In the traditional method,the spectrum information is extracted in a circular form from each projection.In the case of an equal number of projections,the proposed method can extract more spectrum information.So it can effectively improve utilization of each projection,and the quality of reconstructed image from computer-generated hologram.Experimental results validate the proposed method and its good performance.