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Over time, human beings have built increasingly large astronomical observatories to increase the number of discoveries related to celestial objects. However, the amount of collected elements far exceeds the human capacity to analyze findings without help. For this reason, researchers must now turn to machine learning to analyze such data, identifying and classifying transient objects or events within extensive observations of the firmament. Algorithms from the family of random forests (an ensemble of decision trees) have become a powerful tool that can be used to classify astronomical events and objects. This work aims to illustrate the versatility of machine learning algorithms, such as decision trees, to facilitate the identification and classification of celestial bodies by manipulating hyperparameters and studying the attributes of celestial body datasets. By applying a random forest algorithm to a well-known dataset that includes three types of celestial bodies, its effectiveness was compared against some supervised classifiers of the most important approaches (Bayes, nearest neighbors, support vector machines, and neural networks). The results show that random forests are a good alternative for data analysis and classification in astronomical observations.

La presente crónica quiere relatar la celebración del evento organizado por el Grupo Social ONCE el pasado día 26 de mayo con el título Soledad: un reto que nos une. Este evento tuvo como objetivo visibilizar la situación de soledad no deseada, así como la actuación tanto de la ONCE y su Fundación como de diferentes administraciones públicas y organizaciones del tercer sector. En el mismo participaron técnicos y representantes de la ONCE y del mundo de las organizaciones sociales y la administración pública; de manera presencial lo hicieron alrededor de 200 personas y una cifra similar en streaming. Entre los diferentes bloques, el evento estuvo amenizado por «Soledad», la cual nos expresó sus sentimientos y opiniones, así como por vídeos en los que diferentes personas que se han sentido solas relatan su situación antes y después de ser atendidos, en este caso, por la ONCE.

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de una intervención en educación nutricional como estrategia para modificar la calidad de los refrigerios escolares de acuerdo con los estándares gubernamentales. Se evaluaron alumnos de 12 escuelas primarias públicas de nivel socioeconómico medio. Se formó un grupo intervención (GI) y un grupo control (GC), con seguimiento durante dos años. En ambos grupos se tomaron mediciones de peso, estatura y circunferencia de cintura. Se registró, durante cinco días consecutivos, los alimentos incluidos en la lonchera de los niños, previa firma de un consentimiento informado de los padres. Durante la intervención se realizaron pláticas sobre alimentación en el salón de clase para los escolares y a los padres de familia se les entregaron folletos sobre recomendaciones de un refrigerio adecuado. En el GC solo se entregaron folletos sin tener contacto con alumnos y padres de familia. Al final de la intervención, el GI disminuyó calorías ( p = 0.001), proteínas ( p = 0.01), carbohidratos ( p = 0.008) y azúcar ( p = 0.0001); mientras que en el GC disminuyó el contenido de carbohidratos y azúcar. Además, el GI aumentó el consumo de cereales integrales, verduras, frijoles y pan integral. En conclusión, la escuela es el lugar ideal para realizar intervenciones a largo plazo, sin embargo, es necesario promover la incorporación de profesionales de la salud (nutriólogos) con programas y actividades planeadas durante los seis años de primaria.

Las cuencas hidrográficas se constituyen en unidades fundamentales de análisis para el desarrollo de procesos de planificación y gestión. La comprensión de su dinámica, estructura y funcionamiento constituyen el soporte para la planificación del territorio y la toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, la funcionalidad y aprovechamiento sostenible son dependientes de la información y el conocimiento de estos ecosistemas, así como de sus regímenes y capacidades de respuesta frente a las intervenciones antrópicas, variabilidad y cambio climático. Este libro brinda instrumentos y metodologías para la planificación y evaluación del recurso hídrico, así como en la formulación e implementación de mecanismos de adaptación al cambio climático y la gestión integrada de cuencas hidrográficas. La publicación denominada: “Gestión integrada de la cuenca alta del río Magdalena: instrumentos para su evaluación y planificación” es producto de investigaciones realizadas por estudiantes, docentes y egresados de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA) de la UNAD y el grupo de investigación Inyumacizo, categorizado en A por MinCiencias.

Watersheds are fundamental units of analysis for the development of planning and management processes. Understanding their dynamics, structure, and functioning is the basis for territory planning and decision-making. However, their functionality and sustainable use depend on the information and knowledge of these ecosystems, as well as their regimes and responsiveness against anthropogenic interventions, variability, and climate change. This book provides tools and methodologies for the planning and evaluation of water resources, as well as for the formulation and implementation of mechanisms for adaptation to climate change and integrated watershed management. The publication “Integral management of the upper basin of the Magdalena River: tools for its evaluation and planning” is the result of research carried out by students, professors, and graduates from the School of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences (ECAPMA, for its Spanish acronym) of UNAD (Spanish acronym for Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia), and the research group Inyumacizo, classified in an A Category group according to the Colombian Ministry of Sciences—MinCiencias. Las cuencas hidrográficas se constituyen en unidades fundamentales de análisis para el desarrollo de procesos de planificación y gestión. La comprensión de su dinámica, estructura y funcionamiento constituyen el soporte para la planificación del territorio y la toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, la funcionalidad y aprovechamiento sostenible son dependientes de la información y el conocimiento de estos ecosistemas, así como de sus regímenes y capacidades de respuesta frente a las intervenciones antrópicas, variabilidad y cambio climático. Este libro brinda instrumentos y metodologías para la planificación y evaluación del recurso hídrico, así como en la formulación e implementación de mecanismos de adaptación al cambio climático y la gestión integrada de cuencas hidrográficas. La publicación denominada: “Gestión integrada de la cuenca alta del río Magdalena: instrumentos para su evaluación y planificación” es producto de investigaciones realizadas por estudiantes, docentes y egresados de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA) de la UNAD y el grupo de investigación Inyumacizo, categorizado en A por MinCiencias. As bacias hidrográficas são unidades fundamentais de análise para o desenvolvimento de processos de planejamento e gestão. A compreensão de sua dinâmica, estrutura e funcionamento é a base para o planejamento territorial e a tomada de decisões. Entretanto, a funcionalidade e o uso sustentável dependem da informação e do conhecimento desses ecossistemas, bem como de seus regimes e capacidades para responder a intervenções antrópicas, variabilidade e mudanças climáticas. Este livro fornece instrumentos e metodologias para o planejamento e avaliação do recurso hídrico, bem como na formulação e implementação de mecanismos de adaptação à mudança climática e gestão integrada de bacias hidrográficas. A publicação intitulada: “Gestão integrada da bacia alta do rio Magdalena: instrumentos de avaliação e planejamento” é o produto de pesquisas realizadas por estudantes, professores e graduados da Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Pecuárias e Ambientais (ECAPMA) da UNAD e do grupo de pesquisa Inyumacizo, categorizado em A pela Min-Ciencias.

To assess changes in sleep parameters and circadian rhythm metrics measured by actigraphy in preschool-aged children.Longitudinal analysis over 1 year.Ninety-four children living in Tijuana and Ensenada, Mexico.Children wore accelerometers on the right hip for one continuous week at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Parents recorded child bedtime, waketime, and naps in sleep diaries. We used cosinor and nonparametric approaches to calculate circadian rhythm metrics.At baseline, children had a mean age of 4.2 years, and 51.1% were girls. In multivariable models adjusted for age, gender, BMI category, parental education, household income and city, at follow-up children had significantly earlier waketimes (β = -7.99 minutes, p.001) compared to baseline. Children also had lower sleep onset latency (β = -2.32 minutes, p = .057), and longer nighttime sleep (β = 9.38 minutes, p = .079), but these changes were not significant at the α0.05 level. We found significant increases in log relative amplitude (β = 0.017, p = .009), and decreases in log midline estimated statistic of rhythm (β = -0.084, p = .017) and log of the least active 5-hour period (β = -0.057, p = .010). When we adjusted for co-sleeping, we found significant decreases in the number of nighttime awakenings (β = -1.29, p = .011) but otherwise similar results. There were no other changes in sleep parameters or circadian rhythm metrics.Mean increases in nighttime sleep and earlier wake times over one year were concomitant with decreases in overall activity levels and increases in circadian rhythm robustness. Co-sleeping was a predictor of sleep disturbances. This study provides longitudinal evidence regarding changes in sleep and circadian metrics in a sample of children from an under-researched sociodemographic group during an important, early life period.

Background Labor pain is difficult to measure. The aim of this proof-of-concept study is to implement and test a questionnaire assessing pain sensation during and after vaginal deliveries. Its key aspect is a highly standardized survey of patient-reported outcome (PRO) by staff not involved in routine care. Methods Between January and November 2015 339 women were assessed 24–48 h after spontaneous or operative-vaginal delivery of a singleton. German language skills were a prerequisite to participate. The test–retest reliability was calculated in 38 women 24–36 and 48–72 h postpartum between July and October 2017. Primiparae after spontaneous delivery and multiparae with no history of operative deliveries were compared in a subgroup analysis. Results Maximum labor pain and post-partum pain were reported a median of 9 [8–10] and 4 [3–6]. Higher ratings were associated with younger age, higher gestational ages, infant’s biometrics, and the duration of laboring. Only regional analgesia tended to reduce pain perception (NRS 8 vs. 9). Higher-degree injuries were associated with less pain postpartum. The questionnaire proved to be reliable in most aspects (Cronbach's α > 0.6 for 19/21 questions) and showed an acceptable content and criterion validity (Cohen correlation > ± 0.3, interrelation between items). Conclusion Labor is a very painful experience, irrespective of previous obstetric history. Ratings indicate inadequateness of treatment except for patients receiving preventive postoperative pain management. Systematic postpartum pain assessment, hence, is still a pending issue. Adjustments will be made concerning language skills and specific questions on effectiveness of analgesia otherwise good reliability and validity of the questionnaire were proven.

MBQ-167 is a novel, small-molecule dual inhibitor of Rac and Cdc42, small GTPases that are involved in cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle progression, and cell migration. In an in vivo mouse model, MBQ-167 has been shown to significantly reduce mammary tumor growth and metastasis and is currently undergoing preclinical studies for the treatment of metastatic cancer. To date, no solubility data have been reported for this compound. For this reason, the present study aims to determine the solubility of this compound in eight neat solvents (acetonitrile, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol) and two binary solvent mixtures [ethyl acetate (2) + heptane (3) and ethanol (2) + water (3)] between the temperatures of 278.15 and 333.15 K. The results obtained employing the polythermal method show that the solubility of MBQ-167 increases with an increase in temperature in all neat solvents used within this study. Moreover, in the two binary solvent mixtures, the solubility of this compound increases with increasing temperature and decreases with an increasing mass fraction of the antisolvent (heptane or water). The experimental solubility data were correlated using the modified Apelblat and λh model equations. The predicted solubility data acquired from the Apelblat and λh model equations correlate well with the experimental solubility data as indicated by the low ARD % (≤1.8304 and ≤6.5366, respectively). No solvent-mediated polymorphic phase transitions were observed while performing the solubility studies, and no other solid forms were detected after the recrystallization in the solvents and solvent mixtures. The solubility data determined here can offer pathways to develop pharmaceutical crystallization processes that can further the translation of MBQ-167 into a clinical setting.

Objetivo: El artículo propone aplicar vías de análisis para el procesamiento de la información de conjuntos textuales, a partir de considerar interacciones e intercambios entre textos seleccionados, según un objetivo de lectura. Se brindan, además, algunos procedimientos que permiten ir conectando y sintetizando las esencias informacionales del conjunto establecido. Métodos: Se partió de las iteraciones semánticas de los textos seleccionados para arribar a conclusiones a partir del análisis y la síntesis, así como de la inducción y la deducción. Se establecieron relaciones desde lo histórico y lo lógico entre el autor y las circunstancias históricas que conllevaron a la producción de los textos elegidos (relaciones contextuales) y los vínculos apreciados entre estos (relaciones intertextuales). Mediante el enfoque sistémico se intervincularon los textos escogidos mediante relaciones contextuales, intratextuales e intertextuales y se generalizaron los resultados desde el punto de vista semántico, histórico, biográfico y cultural. Resultados: El resultado fundamental del estudio es la comprensión de los nexos entre unidades conceptuales sistematizadas dentro de los límites de cada texto y sus sistematizaciones fuera de esos límites, o sea, su apertura y presencia en otros textos del mismo autor. Conclusión: El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la comprensión textual debe proporcionar al alumno las herramientas lectoras necesarias para autogestionarse información y saber sintetizar y generalizar las esencias del contenido de la variedad de textos con los que interactúa, como parte de su enriquecimiento cultural.

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer la experiencia del equipo de trabajadoras sociales de la ONCE de la Delegacion Territorial de Madrid durante el periodo de confinamiento derivado de la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2, asi como despues del mismo, ademas de una reflexion sobre el trabajo realizado y los aprendizajes obtenidos. Ha sido una experiencia donde se han atendido las necesidades sociales con un nuevo enfoque ante la incertidumbre generada por la situacion sanitaria. Se inicia la experiencia con informacion relacionada con los inicios del confinamiento y la incertidumbre, asi como los procedimientos y las tareas en una situacion diferente, en la que los profesionales realizaban su intervencion con grandes dosis de motivacion e imaginacion para, despues, abordar la situacion de «nueva normalidad» con una atencion preferentemente telefonica, escasos y excepcionales contactos presenciales, con el uso de la tecnologia como apoyo a todos los procesos, los cuales, como consecuencia de la sobrecarga de la administracion, se fueron alargando. Mas tarde, se enumeran los aprendizajes obtenidos, las propuestas del cambio en la intervencion con las personas y con el propio equipo de trabajo social, reforzando la idea del cuidado profesional y el empoderamiento de las personas usuarias. EnglishThis article describes the experience of the social counsellors working out of the ONCE’s community centre at Madrid during and after the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown, analysing the work performed and the lessons learnt. The experience consisted in the adoption of a new approach to meet social needs to confront the uncertainty generated by the health crisis. It began with the collection of information on the uncertainty surrounding early-stage lockdown and the roll-out of new procedures and tasks in an unprecedented situation that called upon professionals to deploy huge doses of motivation and imagination. The ‘new normality’ was confronted primarily via telephone support and scant and only exceptional in-person contact. Professionals resorted to technology to expedite all the processes that, due to the heavy administrative burden, were experiencing delays. That description is followed by a discussion of the lessons learnt, proposals for change in the support afforded affiliates and in the social counsel team itself to reinforce professionalised care and user empowerment.

Background Rates of childhood obesity have accelerated rapidly over the past decade in low- and middle-income countries and in Latin America in particular. At the same time, Latinx children in high-income countries have been disproportionately affected by obesity. Public health and medical experts have called for greater focus on multi-sector approaches to obesity prevention, including policy, systems, and environmental strategies, but current evidence for effective intervention strategies among Latinx children is lacking. Several systematic reviews have investigated obesity prevention interventions in Latinx children in the United States and in Latin America, including our own review, but these are now a decade old. Thus, an updated review of existing interventions is needed. To address this gap, we will conduct a systematic review and summary of interventions for obesity prevention among Latinx children published over the past 10 years. The objective of this paper is to outline the protocol for conducting the systematic review and possible meta-analysis. Methods We will conduct a literature search using PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Google Scholar databases for studies of interventions to prevent obesity in Latinx children ages birth to 18 years of age. To meet our definition of an intervention, we will include study designs that evaluate the either the efficacy or effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions, including randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and non-randomized interventions with a control or comparison group. We will exclude interventions that aimed to treat rather than prevent overweight or obesity. Interventions may take place in any country or setting. The primary outcome of interest will be child overweight or obesity, measured as adiposity, body mass, or similar anthropometric measures. We will assess risk of bias of included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized and non-randomized studies, as appropriate. We may conduct meta-analyses if studies with comparable exposure and outcome variables are available. Discussion This protocol paper establishes a methodology for a future systemic review of obesity prevention interventions in Latinx children. A systematic review of this topic will provide an important update to the literature regarding interventions to prevent obesity in Latinx child populations globally over the past decade. Review results will be relevant to stakeholders across multiple sectors engaged in childhood obesity prevention among Latinx children. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020161339

Insufficient pain control after lower limb arthroplasty results in delayed recovery and increased risk for pain chronicization. The ideal kind of analgesia is still discussed controversially. We conducted a retrospective analysis of single-center routine data from a German university hospital, including patients receiving either total hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA).All patients received general anesthesia. Patients undergoing THA received either continuous epidural ropivacaine infusion (0.133%, Epi) or patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with the Wurzburg Pain Drip (tramadol, metamizole and droperidol, WPD) or with piritramide (Pir). After TKA, patients received either continuous femoral nerve block (ropivacaine 0.2%, PNB) or Pir.The analyzed cohort comprised 769 cases. Use of WPD after THA (n = 333) resulted in significantly reduced Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) values at rest, compared to Epi (n = 48) and Pir (n = 72) (.75 [IQR 1.14] vs. 1.17 [1.5], p = .02 vs. 1.47 [1.33], p .0001) as well as maximum NRS scores (2.4 [1.7] vs. 3.29 [1.94], p .001 vs. 3.32 [1.76], p .0001). Positive feedback during follow-up visits was significantly increased in patients with a WPD PCA (p .0001), while negative feedback (senso-motoric weakness/technical problems/nausea/dizziness/constipation) was particularly increased in Epi patients and lowest in those with WPD (p .0001). After TKA, Pir (n = 131) resulted in significantly reduced NRS values at rest, compared to PNB (n = 185) (1.4 [1.4] vs. 1.6 [1.68], p = .02). Positive feedback was increased in patients with a Pir PCA in comparison with PNB (p = .04), while negative feedback was increased in PNB patients (p = .04). Overall, WPD presented with the lowest rate of any complications (8.7%), followed by Pir (20.2%), PNB (27.6%) and Epi (31.3%) (p .001).In the assessed population, the use of a WPD PCA after THA offered better pain control and patient comfort in comparison with continuous epidural or piritramide-based analgesia. After TKA, the use of a Pir PCA provided superior analgesia and a lower complication rate compared to continuous PNB.

The molecular size and shape for 27 diamondoids molecules (adamantanes and alkyladamantanes, diamantine and alkyldiamantanes) were calculated by computational quantum mechanical modeling method of dispersion correction B3LYP-D3/6-311+G**, in which the family of adamantanes presents molecular sizes in terms of width of 6.8–7.9 A, and for the family of diamantanes 6.8–7.4 A, in terms of length the size for adamantanes are 7.6–9.5 A and for diamantanes 9.3–10.0 A and in terms of height are rounded from 7.4 to 9.6 A for adamantanes and 7.4 to 8.5 A for diamantanes. This size depends on the alkyl substitution either in CH2 or CH bridgehead positions. A measure of spherical shape deviation in terms of ovality, (O = 1 for sphere shape) was calculated, in which for adamantane, methyladamantanes, dimethyladamantanes, and multi-substituted adamantanes, is 1.17, 1.21, 1.24, and 1.26–1.31, respectively and ovality value for diamantane is 1.20 and 1.22–1.27 for methyl substituted diamantanes. Ovality (shape) and molecular size differences between adamantane, methyladamantanes, dimethyladamantanes, multi-substituted adamantanes, and the corresponding diamantanes allow suggesting a dynamic model for separation from the linear alkanes in a mixture into a slit pore shape typical for microporous carbons.

La información sobre si la inhibición de la respuesta es una variable asociada al sobrepeso y la obesidad es poco concluyente y contradictoria. Para aclarar dicha relación, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivos indagar si hay diferencias entre individuos con normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad en la ejecución de las dos tareas más utilizadas para evaluar inhibición de respuesta, así como observar si se producen resultados diferentes cuando la inhibición se mide como cancelación o como restricción de la respuesta. Se controlaron los niveles de depresión y ansiedad en una muestra no probabilística e intencional de 100 jóvenes (50 hombres y 50 mujeres) de entre 18 y 29 años, agrupados de acuerdo a su índice de masa corporal. Se aplicaron dos tareas para evaluar la inhibición de la respuesta: Go/No-Go (restricción) y Stop Signal (cancelación). Los resultados mostraron que los participantes con normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad lograron puntuaciones similares en ambas tareas. Se concluye que las personas con sobrepeso y obesidad no presentan dificultades en la inhibición de respuestas ante estímulos neutros.

In this paper, we propose new neural activity indices for the solution of the inverse problem of localizing sources of cortical activity from electroencephalography (EEG) measurements. Such indices are based on reduced-rank beamformers, specifically the generalized sidelobe canceler (GSC), and with the purpose of suppressing the contribution of interfering sources and noise. Here, the GSC is modified with an adaptive blocking matrix (ABM) to optimally estimate and later suppress unwanted brain sources. With respect to the rank-reduction, this is achieved through the cross-spectral metrics (CSM) as they give a sense of the affinity of the beamformers’ eigenstructure to the orthogonal subspace of noise an interference. Based on that, two different neural indices are proposed for the assessment of brain activation. Our realistic simulations show that a more consistent source localization is achieved through the proposed indices in comparison to the use of the traditional full-rank approach, specifically for brain sources embedded in high background activity that originates at the brain cortex and thalamus. We also prove the applicability of our methods on the localization of sources on the visual cortex produced by steady-state visual-evoked potentials.

En la lucha contra el cambio climático la energía eólica está jugando un papel crucial en la sustitución de energías fósiles. Como aún se trata de una tecnología en fase de expansión y desarrollo los accidentes son eventos que suceden de manera recurrente y en este trabajo nos planteamos realizar un análisis de estos. Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos tras el estudio de 273 accidentes en aerogeneradores por todo el mundo. Para ello procederemos a un análisis estadístico con la finalidad de ver la cuales son los elementos más relevantes a tener en cuenta en el accidente y como se relacionan estos con la posibilidad de que el accidente resulte en muertes o lesiones. Para este cometido emplearemos diversas herramientas estadísticas para abordar el análisis desde diversos enfoques. También procederemos a emplear métodos de selección y ranking de atributos, así como un análisis exploratorio de datos. La finalidad de estos procesos es ampliar el análisis a un estudio no solo de la relación entre los atributos, sino también a un estudio de los valores de esos atributos. Finalmente, crearemos modelos predictivos utilizando varios algoritmos de clasificación para, en futuros casos, poder prever y evitar accidentes basándonos en los atributos estudiados. Los algoritmos empleados son de dos tipos, de aprendizaje supervisado como puede ser el algoritmo de ’random forest’ o ’k-nearest neighbor’ y algoritmos de aprendizaje no supervisados como pueden los algoritmos de ’k-means’ o ’affinity propagation’. En este segundo grupo también se estudiarán un par de arquitecturas de redes neuronales.

la Fundación Universitaria Compensar presenta el texto Comunicación y comunidades de destino en el marco de la educación superior, como resultado de su aporte a la consolidación de iniciativas de investigación, proyección social y de docencia que propenden por la generación de reflexiones y cuestionamientos ligados a la perspectiva de lo común, lo colectivo desde la sistematización de experiencias institucionales en el marco de la Facultad de Comunicación, que han generado un aporte a la construcción de conocimiento, al diálogo con el sector externo, al relacionamiento con el sector productivo para la innovación educativa y la transformación organizacional, teniendo como marco orientador y como referente al campo de la comunicación.

Streptococcus equi, an equine commensal bacterium, is a rare etiology of septicemia and meningoencephalitis in humans and is extremely infrequent in children. Scarce literature has been published about its clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes in infants. Here, we describe a case of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus septicemia and meningoencephalitis in a five-month-old Costa Rican infant that was confirmed by peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures in a regional hospital of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica who developed multiple ischemic cerebral infarcts secondary to infectious vasculitis, a subdural empyema and serious neurological sequelae. We also reviewed the literature on S. equi meningitis in infants under one year of age. This is the first reported case in our country, the fourth reported in infants under one year of age and the second describing multiple cerebral infarcts and subdural empyema in an infant.

A series of aromatic γ-hydroxyketones were prepared by means of Heck coupling reaction of aryl halides and 2,3-dihydrofuran, catalyzed by PdCl2·Gly2 and under microwave irradiation. This synthetic transformation involves the formation of an aryl-dihydrofuranoic intermediate, followed by an unusual opening of the heterocycle promoted by a water molecule and the formation of the ketone carbonyl function through keto–enol tautomerism.

Objetivo: El artículo se propone describir un sistema de desarrollo del profesorado chino de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) que favorezca el desempeño profesional, a partir de la contextualización de los métodos y procedimientos más recientes al contexto universitario chino. Métodos: El estudio se realizó mediante la revisión documental y la consulta de la bibliografía que aborda los estudios ELE, la observación participante y el registro de sistematización de experiencias en la impartición de clases a estudiantes chinos de la Universidad de Estudios Internacionales de Hebei. Resultados: El resultado fundamental del estudio es un sistema de desarrollo de los profesores chinos de ELE, fundamentado desde los antecedentes y principios generales de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y su contextualización a la formación universitaria china. Conclusión: El desarrollo del profesor chino de ELE debe caracterizarse por el desarrollo de competencias para el ejercicio de la docencia, sobre la base de la apropiación crítica de los fundamentos del enfoque orientado a la acción (lo internacional), el enfoque electivo de los aciertos de los métodos precedentes, la tradición educativa del país y la visión de la educación universitaria de la reforma educativa china.

Throughout humanity’s history, obesity has been present among all cultures and civilizations. Representations of voluminous bodies in paleolithic figures, as well as descriptions of excess of weight and its consequences in engravings and texts suggest the recognition of this problem since antiquity. In addition, there is evidence of stigmatization towards people with obesity for more than 2000 years. In Latin America, Mexico ranks among the top five countries with the highest prevalence of obesity. From 2000 to 2016, the increase in obesity in adult women was from 28% to 38,6% and in men from 19% to 27,7%. Abdominal obesity in women increased from 82,2% in 2012 to 87,7% in 2016, and in men increased from 64,5% in 2012 to 65,4% in 2016. Which means that anti- obesity strategies have not been effective. Among the anti-obesity strategies implemented in Mexico, three elements established since Greeks have been included: 1) that obesity is a consequence of high food consumption, 2) is consequence of less physical activity, and 3) the adjudication of responsibility of obesity to individuals or to the parents of children with excess weight. Evidence on genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that occur before pregnancy, during pregnancy and throughout life have been omitted, and a message is sent in favor to the stigmatization of people with obesity. In addition, no efforts have been made to reduce poverty and migration, social determinants associated with obesity. New strategies based on evidence and according to the cultural characteristics of consumption and local physical activity should be evaluated. Similarly, it is necessary to consider the access and availability of food, as well as the coverage, quality of health care and prevention in different regions of the country. Early interventions on prenatal, postnatal and before four years of age are necessary, with the participation of different actors (government, academics, professionals, legislators) from different disciplines, institutions and states of the country.

Effective perioperative pain management is essential for optimal patient recovery after surgery and reduces the risk of chronification. However, in clinical practice, perioperative analgesic treatment still needs to be improved and data availability for evidence-based procedure specific analgesic recommendations is insufficient. We aimed to identify procedures related with high pain scores, to evaluate the effect of higher pain intensity on patients and to define patient and intervention related risk factors for increased pain after standard gynaecological and obstetrical surgery. Therefore, we performed a prospective cross-sectional study based on the German registry for quality in postoperative pain (QUIPS). A cohort of 2508 patients receiving surgery between January 2011 and February 2016 in our tertiary referral centre (university departments of gynaecology and obstetrics, respectively) answered a validated pain questionnaire on the first postoperative day. Maximal pain intensity was measured by means of a 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) and related to procedure, perioperative care as well as patient characteristics. The interventions with the highest reported pain scores were laparoscopic removal of ovarian cysts (NRS of 6.41 ± 2.12) and caesarean section (NRS of 6.98 ± 2.08). Factors associated with higher pain intensity were younger age (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.65–1.99), chronic pain (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.65–2.64) and surgery performed outside the regular day shift (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.09–2.36). Shorter duration of surgery, peridural or local analgesic and preoperative sedation reduced postoperative pain. Patients reporting high pain scores (NRS ≥ 5) showed relevant impairment of daily activities and reduced satisfaction. Caesarean section and minimal invasive procedures were associated with the highest pain scores in the present ranking. Pain management of these procedures has to be reconsidered. Younger age, receiving surgery outside of the regular shifts, chronic pain and the surgical approach itself have a relevant influence on postoperative pain intensity. When reporting pain scores of 5 or more, patients were more likely to have perioperative complications like nausea or vomiting and to be impaired in mobilisation. Registry-based data are useful to identify patients, procedures and critical situations in daily clinical routine, which increase the risk for elevated post-intervention pain. Furthermore, it provides a database for evaluation of new pain management strategies.

Additional file 2. Sample search strategy for PubMed

Es conocido que los niños desde los primeros años de vida tienen la capacidad de relacionarse socialmente, sin embargo, esta esta interacción inicial debe darse dentro de un entorno que represente seguridad para él como lo sería la familia. En el entorno familiar se espera que el niño reciba las primeras demostraciones afectivas lo cual incide significativamente en su conducta, en la manera de interactuar y en el establecimiento relaciones futuras, por lo que la presencia de los cuidadores se hace indispensable para establecer las bases de las relaciones sociales. En múltiples estudios se ha buscado estudiar y comprender la conducta humana, desde el comportamiento familiar, las dinámicas de crianzas, las incidencias de esta en los aspectos cognitivos e intelectuales, así como la influencia de los padres en la vida d ellos hijos, sin embargo, el presente estudio busca darle una mirada desde otra perspectiva a la influencia de los padres y la crianza de estos en el establecimiento y elección de relaciones interpersonales y relaciones de pareja; es por eso que, él se plantea la siguiente pregunta problema: ¿Qué factores emocionales inciden en las relaciones interpersonales y de pareja de los jóvenes y adultos provenientes de familias Monoparentales en el departamento del Atlántico? It is known that children from the first years of life have the ability to relate socially, however, this initial interaction must take place within an environment that represents security for them, such as the family. In the family environment, the child is expected to receive the first affective demonstrations, which significantly affects their behavior, the way they interact and the establishment of future relationships, so the presence of caregivers is essential to establish the bases of Social relations. Multiple studies have sought to study and understand human behavior, from family behavior, parenting dynamics, its impact on cognitive and intellectual aspects, as well as the influence of parents on the lives of their children, however , the present study seeks to give a look from another perspective to the influence of parents and their upbringing in the establishment and choice of interpersonal relationships and couple relationships; That is why he poses the following problem question: What emotional factors affect the interpersonal and couple relationships of young people and adults from single-parent families in the department of Atlántico?

Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist

Identificando la necesidad de esta empresa y teniendo como objetivo brindar a la empresa INDUSTRIAS ESTRA S.A., conocimiento de posible potencialización y posicionamiento de marca internacional, les dará una apertura de crecimiento al negocio. Teniendo en cuenta la oportunidad de negocio y posibles competidores dentro del país México, nos basaremos en las fortalezas y respaldo de marca que tiene sus productos. Para que esta inteligencia de mercado sirva como aporte a esta empresa en el área comercial y de mercadeo con el objetivo de que obtengan reconocimiento y crecimiento de marca a nivel internacional, que a la vez ellos puedan realizar el plan comercial con nuevos compradores teniendo en cuenta nuevos competidores. La compañía fabricante y comercializadora de productos plásticos, tiene gran oportunidad de expandirse al mercado internacional en las líneas de sus productos, es un proyecto retador que presentaremos a esta compañía ofreciendo el enfoque sistemático y objetivo de recopilación y análisis de la información, de conocer las herramientas que posee la empresa para incursionar en el mercado y presentárselo al gerente de Industrias Estra S.A. (Juan Fernando Gomez, presidente de la compañía) En la actualidad es una compañía que ha tenido muy buenos resultados en época de pandemia, pero es necesario tener un crecimiento o margen de utilidad positivo en ventas, y una de las opciones es crecer en la exportación de sus productos. Es importante que para una compañía sea necesario que los números se mantengan en verde, de esta manera se garantiza un ebitda positivo. Uno de los factores que ha influenciado como problemática es la fluctuación del dólar ya que las materias primas, con los que se fabrican los productos plásticos en su gran mayoría son importadas. Identifying the need of this company and having as a main objective to provide to INDUSTRIAS ESTRA’S S.A. company the knowledge of possible potentiating and positioning as an international brand will give them an opening of growth to the business. Considering the business opportunity and possible competitors within Mexico’s country, we will rely on the strengths and brand support that your products have. In this way, the market intelligence serves as a contribution to this company in the commercial and marketing area to obtain recognition and brand growth internationally, at the same time they can carry out the commercial plan with new buyers, taking into account new competitors. The manufacturer and marketer of plastic products (Industrias Estra S.A) has a great opportunity to expand it to the international market in the lines of its products, it is a challenging project that we will present to this company, offering the systematic approach and the collection and analysis of information to know the tools that the company has to dabble in the market and present it to the manager (Juan Fernando Gomez, company president) At present, it is a company that has had very good results intimes of pandemic, but it is necessary to have a growth or positive profit margin in sales, and one of the options to grow is to export products. It is important and necessary for a company that the numbers are kept in green, in this way a positive EBITDA is guaranteed. One of the factors that has influenced as problematic is the fluctuation of the dollar, since the raw materials which are used to manufacture plastic products are mostly imported. CONTENIDO 1. Titulo7 2. Planteamiento y formulación del problema de investigación 8 2.1Formulación del problema 8 2.2Descripción del problema 8 2.3Delimitaciones 8 2.4Limitaciones 9 3. Objetivos 9 3.1Objetivo General 9 3.2Objetivos específicos 9 4. Justificación 10 5. Marco de referencia de la investigación 10 5.1Estado del arte 10 5.2 Marco Teórico 17 5.3 Marco Legal 23 6. Marco Metodológico 25 7. Resultados 27 7.1 Análisis en Interpretación de resultados 28 7.2 Discusión y sugerencias 32 8. Análisis Financiero 36 8.1 Costo beneficio 36 9. Conclusiones 37 9.1 Propuestas Estratégicas 38 10. Referencias 39 Especialización Especialista en Gerencia Estratégica de Mercadeo - Virtual Especialización en Gerencia Estratégica de Mercadeo - Virtual

Se diseñó y validó un instrumento para evaluar dependencia emocional (DE) en población mexicana joven, tomando como referencia el CDE y el IDE. Participaron 559 estudiantes universitarios (50.1% mujeres y 49.9% hombres), con edades entre 17 y 26 años. Análisis factoriales exploratorios y confir-matorios revelaron la existencia de siete factores, con valores de confiabilidad interna adecuados para la escala completa (α = .92) y para sus subescalas (α entre .71 y .88). La escala mostró validez concurren-te con una escala de violencia en el noviazgo (correlaciones entre r = .304 y r = .602) y con una escala de percepción de apoyo social (correlaciones entre r = -.179 y r = -.397). Se concluye que la EDE es una escala válida y confiable para evaluar la dependencia emocional hacia la pareja, por lo que supone ser un recurso útil para la medición de este fenómeno en población juvenil An instrument was designed and validated to evaluate emotional dependence (ED) in young Mexi-can population, taking as reference the CDE and the IDE. A total of 559 university students participated (50.1% women and 49.9% men), aged 17 to 26 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed the existence of seven factors, with adequate internal consistency values for the full scale (α = .92) and its subscales (α between .71 and .88). The scale showed concurrent validity with a dating violence scale (correlations between r = .304 and r = .602), and with a perception of social support scale (correlations between r = -.179 and r = -.397). It is concluded that the EDS is a valid and reliable scale to evaluate emotional dependence on the couple. Results point toward a useful resource for the measurement of this phenomenon in youth population.

Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas. Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas Cross coupling reactions are a powerful and versatile tool for the C-C and C-heteroatom bonds generation in the synthesis of a significant number of chemical substances. Thereby, palladium-catalyzed reactions are part of the most studied methodologies in Organic Chemistry, one of the most important research objectives being to generate new synthetic strategies. Following the above, the present work describes the preparation and catalytic evaluation of six new coordination complexes that include amino acids and peptides as binders, five of them using palladium as the metal center, and one more with nickel. The complexes are used in the synthesis of chiral allylic alcohols through the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction, presenting excellent catalytic activity, mainly with complex 3. The catalysis of these complexes in the Heck cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and 2-cyclohexen-1-one to obtain substituted ?-aryl ketones showed good results with complexes 1-6. Finally, the synthesis of aryl-?-hydroxy ketones and aryl-?-hydroxy ketones is described by Heck cross-coupling of aryl halides and cyclic alkenes such as 2,3-dihydrofuran and 3,4-dihydro-2-H-pyran, followed by the opening of the heterocycle promoted by H2O. A careful study of the reaction intermediates by SM-ESI and deuterium isotope labeling will suggest a plausible mechanism for this reaction. Los acoplamientos cruzados son una herramienta poderosa y versátil para la generación de enlaces C-C y C-heteroátomo, en la sintesis de un número importante de sustancias químicas; en este sentido, las reacciones catalizadas por paladio forman parte de las metodologías más estudiadas en Química Orgánica, siendo uno de los objetivos más importantes de la investigación el generar nuevas estrategias sintéticas. De acuerdo con lo anterior en el presente trabajo se describe la preparación y evaluación catalítica de seis nuevos complejos de coordinación que incluyen aminoácidos y péptidos como ligantes, cinco de ellos utilizando el paladio como centro metálico y uno más con níquel. Los complejos se utilizaron en la síntesis de alcoholes alílicos quirales a través de la reacción de Morita-Baylis-Hillman presentando excelente actividad catalítica, principalmente con el complejo 3. La catálisis de estos complejos en la reacción de acoplamiento cruzado de Heck entre halogenuros de arilo y 2-ciclohexen-1-ona para obtener cetonas ?-aril sustituidas mostró buenos resultados con los complejos 1-6. Finalmente se describe la síntesis de aril-?-hidroxicetonas y aril-?-hidroxicetonas mediante el acoplamiento cruzado de Heck de halogenuros de arilo y alquenos cíclicos como 2,3-dihidrofurano y 3,4-dihidro-2H-pirano, seguido de la apertura del heterociclo promovida por H2O. Un estudio minucioso de los intermediarios de reacción por SM-ESI y marcaje isotópico con deuterio permitió proponer un mecanismo plausible para esta reacción.

Disseminated histoplasmosis is the most common clinical presentation of histoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative infants from Costa Rica and Latin America. Initial presentation as septic shock and autoimmune hemolytic anemia is uncommon. Even more, detection of Histoplasma capsulatum by culture in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is extremely rare. We describe the case of a three-month-old Costa Rican immunocompetent infant who presented with shock and hemolytic anemia secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis that was confirmed by bone marrow aspirate and positive peripheral blood and CSF cultures.

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and systemic embolism. Several studies have suggested that female AF patients could have a greater risk for stroke. There is scarce information about clinical characteristics and use of antithrombotic therapies in Latin American patients with nonvalvular AF. Objective: To describe the gender differences in clinical characteristics, thromboembolic risk, and antithrombotic therapy of patients with nonvalvular AF recruited in Mexico, an upper middle-income country, into the prospective national CARMEN-AF Registry. Methods: A total of 1423 consecutive patients, with at least one thromboembolic risk factor were enrolled in CARMEN-AF Registry during a three-year period (2014–2017). They were categorized according to Gender. Results: Overall, 48.6% were women, mean age 70 ± 12 years. Diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and obstructive sleep apnea were higher in men. Most women were found with paroxysmal AF (40.6%), and most men with permanent AF (44.0%). No gender differences were found in the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (30.5% in women vs. 28.0% in men). No gender differences were found in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) (33.8% women vs 35.4% men). Conclusions: CARMEN-AF Registry demonstrates that in Mexico, regardless of gender, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated. No gender differences were found in the use of VKA or DOAC. Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, Gender, Thromboembolic risk, Antithrombotic therapy, Stroke, Mexico

The practice of metabolic and bariatric surgery for adolescents with severe obesity has been increasing, and evidence of the outcomes in the long term remains unclear. The aim of this study was to review and analyze the outcomes of this therapy in adolescents with a follow-up ≥5 years. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were 10- to < 20-year-old adolescents, 5 years minimum of follow-up, and a retention rate ≥70% at 5 years of follow-up. Adiposity indicators outcomes, co-morbidity remission, and complications were analyzed. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Surgeries performed included gastric bypass, gastric band, and sleeve gastrectomy. The age of the participants ranged from 13 to 17 years. The longest follow-up after intervention was 156 months. Mean body mass index at baseline and follow-up was 47 and 32.4 kg/m 2 , respectively. Most of the studies reported weight regain within 1 to 12 years of follow-up. Remission rate of co-morbidities was 75% for dyslipidemia, 78% for musculoskeletal problems, 85% for hypertension, and 85% for type 2 diabetes. Not all studies stated that they were looking for all complications. Iron deficiency and anemia were high, ranging from 30% to 70% and 16% to 50%, respectively. The review indicates that there is low to moderate evidence that metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity after 5 years of follow-up results in substantial reduction in body mass index, and very low to low evidence in the resolution of related co-morbidities. Although long-term complications were inadequately reported or nonreported, a high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia was found. Because maternal anemia might be implicated in deleterious effects for offspring, monitoring female patients for anemia after metabolic and bariatric surgery is strongly recommended. Further high-quality studies with long-term follow-up are warranted to assess related co-morbidities and long-term complications.

Physical fitness is the ability to perform activities of daily living without excessive fatigue. The potential protective role of fitness against high blood pressure in childhood is relevant to diminish the risk of hypertension in adulthood. A negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and hypertension has been found in the pediatric population. However, the role of body mass as a confounding variable of this association has not been evaluated. This study aimed to analyze whether the association between fitness and blood pressure in Mexican schoolchildren is independent of body mass.A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1010 children (574 females and 436 males) aged 9-12 years (mean age = 10.3 ± 0.9 years) from 13 elementary schools in Mexico City. Fitness was evaluated with tests from the FitnessGramLow fitness showed a high prevalence (from 45.8% for trunk lift to 77.5% for push-ups). Children with poor CRF (assessed by the 20-m progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run test) and upper body strength (assessed by push-ups) showed a higher probability of hypertension (p0.05). However, these differences disappeared after adjusting for BMI.After considering the body mass, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness were not independent predictors of blood pressure.La condición física es la habilidad de realizar actividades de la vida diaria sin fatiga excesiva. El potencial papel protector de una buena condición física contra la presión arterial elevada es relevante, ya que, si no se atiende, esta elevación en la presión arterial comúnmente conduce a hipertensión en la vida adulta. Se ha documentado una asociación negativa entre la condición cardiorrespiratoria con la hipertensión de la población pediátrica. Sin embargo, no se ha evaluado el papel de la masa corporal como una variable de confusión de esta asociación. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la asociación entre la condición física y la presión sanguínea es independiente de la masa corporal en escolares mexicanos.Estudio transversal con una muestra de 1010 escolares (574 de sexo femenino y 436 de sexo masculino) de 9 a 12 años (edad promedio = 10.3 ± 0.9 años) de 13 escuelas de primaria de la Ciudad de México. La condición física se evaluó con la batería FitnessGramLa prevalencia de baja condición física fue alta (de 45.8% en la prueba de levantamiento de tronco a 77.5% en la prueba de lagartijas). Los escolares con baja condición cardiorrespiratoria (evaluada con la carrera progresiva de resistencia cardiovascular aeróbica de 20 m) y fuerza superior del cuerpo (evaluada con la prueba de lagartijas) mostraron una mayor probabilidad de presentar hipertensión (p0.05). Sin embargo, estas diferencias desaparecieron al ajustar por el IMC.Después de considerar la masa corporal, la condición cardiorrespiratoria y musculoesquelética no son predictores independientes de la presión sanguínea.

Introduction: Burnout syndrome (BS) in the health personnel has a negative impact on the quality of care, higher risk of iatrogenic complications and adverse effects have been observed when it is present. Objective: The objective of this review was to analyze studies carried out in Latin America which assess the frequency of BS among the health personnel in Latin American countries, as well as to observe differences in the prevalence of BS among medical specialties and compare these results with those obtained in other parts of the world. Methods: A search of articles published in English and Spanish was conducted in the PubMed database, using the terms Burnout syndrome AND Latin America, Burnout Syndrome AND Mexico, and so on with each of the Latin American countries Results: Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. In this review, the frequency of BS ranged from 2.1% to 76%. Higher frequencies of BS were observed in the areas of intensive care unit´s, oncology, emergency medicine, surgery, internal medicine and anesthesiology. Also, the amount of hours worked in the hospital and primary care were observed overloaded. There is an excess of labor demand compare to the human resources, and there were no measures to prevent the BS. Conclusion: The prevalence of BS found in this review is within the ranges found in other parts of the world. However, results in Latin America suggest that the amount of hours worked in the hospital and primary care are overloaded; there are no measures to prevent the BS, contributing to the excess of labor demand of the health care personnel. All these factors contribute to the increase in the frequency of BS.

With McCrone’s famous statement in mind, we set out to investigate the polymorphic behavior of a small-molecule dual inhibitor of Rac and Cdc42, currently undergoing preclinical trials. Herein, we report the existence of two polymorphs for 9-ethyl-3-(5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazole (MBQ-167). These were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman and Infrared spectroscopy, as well as powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results obtained from the thermal analysis revealed that MBQ-167 form II undergoes an exothermic phase transition to form I, making this the thermodynamically stable form. An examination of the Burger-Ramberger rules for assigning thermodynamic relationships in polymorphic pairs indicate that this system is monotropic. The structure elucidation reveals that these forms crystallize in the orthorhombic (Pbca) and monoclinic (P2(1)/n) space groups. A conformational analysis shows that the metastable form (form II) presents the most planar conformation along the significant torsion angles identified. Hirshfeld surface analysis confirms that van der Waals contacts are the primary interactions and only subtle differences in short contacts help differentiate each form. These findings support the notion that polymorphism is prevalent in organic molecules and that one should invest time and money probing possible polymorphs, particularly in early development as in the case of MBQ-167.

The title compound was synthesized by hydrocyanation of 1-phenyl-hex-1-yn-3-one using the Ni(CN)2/CO/KCN system in an alkaline aqueous medium under mild conditions, a crystal of the mentioned compound was obtained for single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structure consists of a pyrrolinone ring (N1C2C3C4C5) and a phenyl ring (C6C7C8C9C10C11) linked by a C6-C3 bond. Both planar rings describe a torsion defined by the angle C11-C6-C3-C4 (15.7 °), showing an unexpected quasi-planar conformation. The CH···O bonding, the homoconjugation between double bonds in the phenyl and pyrrolinone rings, and the exocyclic double bond stabilize this conformation. Unexpectedly, interaction π−π cofacial parallel stacked is present in the crystal structure between the unsubstituted aromatic rings. The geometry of the molecular structure was calculated at the DFT-B3LYP-D3/6–31+G** level of theory supporting the quasi-planar conformation, the CH···O bonding, and the homoconjugation between double bonds in phenyl and pyrrolinone rings. Furthermore, to support the X-ray diffraction findings noted above, experimental and theoretical NMR studies were performed. The 1H and 13C chemical shifts calculated by Ochsenfeld theoretical method at the ωB97X-V/6–311+G(2DF,2P)[6–311G*]//ωB97X-D/6–31G* level are reported here. Thus, the features of the bond between the phenyl group and the quaternary carbon adjacent to the methine proton at high downfield (7.09 ppm) indicate a quasi-planar conformation between the phenyl and pyrrolinone rings.

Para determinar la biomasa en árboles de Pinus hartwegii y estimar el contenido de carbono aéreo, se calcularon ecuaciones alométricas con 29 árboles de dicha especie del Parque Nacional Izta-Popo, México. El 57.9% del peso húmedo de los árboles fue biomasa y de esta 48.6% fue carbono. La distribución de la biomasa en los árboles fue: 65.3% en el fuste, 23.8% en las ramas y 10.9% en el follaje. El contenido de carbono se distribuyó de manera similar: 64.9% en el fuste, 24.2% en las ramas y 10.9% en el follaje. El modelo ajustado es de la forma Y= bXk donde la variable dependiente (Y) es biomasa o carbono, expresada en kilogramos y la variable independiente el diámetro normal tomado a 1.3 m de altura (DN) expresado en centímetros. Los parámetros “b” y “k” del modelo fueron obtenidos por regresión lineal por el método de mínimos cuadrados; “b” mide el intercepto y “k” la pendiente del modelo. La ecuación resultante para la estimación de la biomasa fue B= 0.0635DN2.4725 y para el contenido de carbono: C= 0.0309DN2.4722, en ambas el valor de R2 fue de 0.98. Fue posible ajustar la ecuación alométrica para estimar la biomasa y el contenido de carbono de Pinus hartwegii con un alto coeficiente de determinación. Con la ecuación obtenida fue posible determinar que los árboles de esta especie concentran la mayor parte del carbono aéreo en el fuste seguido por las ramas y por último el follaje.

Background and objective: Bariatric surgery is a procedure that has gained popularity in the last decades as a treatment for obesity and is generally regarded as safe and effective in the short term, though the complications on the long term have been poorly described. We aim to review studies with long term follow-up reporting complications after a bariatric procedure. Method: A search was conducted on the data bases MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, and also scanning through references list in publications. We included cohort studies and clinical trials published from January 1st 2014 to April 15th 2017 with a follow up ≥ 5 years, retention rate above 50%, written in the following languages; English, Spanish, or Portuguese. We conducted qualitative bias assessment and analysis of heterogeneity. Result: Only four studies met the inclusion criteria, all of them were conducted with different bariatric procedures (vertical sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, and billiopancreatic diversion with or without duodenal shift). Study design, outcome assessment, and complication definition were highly heterogeneous. The most frequent long term complications were gastroesophageal reflux disease, several nutritional deficits, incisional hernias, and failure to weight loss. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to ensure the quantity and severity of long-term complications of bariatric surgery.

espanolLos sistemas solares fotovoltaicos (SSFV) son una alternativa sostenible en la obtencion de energia a partir de la radiacion solar [1]. El presente trabajo se desarrollo en la Escuela Tecnologica Instituto Tecnico Central (ET-ITC), en la ciudad de Bogota D.C., donde existe un SSFV, por lo que se pretendio validar la informacion de la eficiencia suministrada por el fabricante y compararla con datos recolectados experimentalmente. Se requirio tener en cuenta la ubicacion geografica del sistema solar, el indice de transparencia atmosferico, los datos de radiacion solar suministrados por la estacion meteorologica y la energia electrica producida por el sistema; de igual manera, se depuraron datos no confiables usando el criterio de Chauvenet. Los datos se recolectaron durante ocho dias de evaluacion y se obtuvieron valores de eficiencias que oscilaron entre 16.33% y 20.51%, con los que se valida la informacion suministrada por el fabricante, que es 16.50 %. EnglishPhotovoltaic solar systems (PSS) are a sustainable alternative, in obtaining energy from solar radiation [1]. The present work was developed in the Technological School Central Technical Institute (ET-ITC), in the city of Bogota, where there is a PSS, and so it is intended to validate the efficiency information, provided by the manufacturer, and compare it with data collected experimentally. It was necessary to take into account the geographical location of the solar system, the atmospheric transparency index, the solar radiation data supplied by the meteorological station and the electrical energy produced by the system; Likewise, unreliable data were debugged using the Chauvenet criterion. Data were collected during eight days of evaluation; Efficiency values ranging from 16.33% to 20.51% were obtained, with which the information supplied by the manufacturer, which is 16.50%, was validated validated.

Resumen La heroína es una de las drogas ilícitas más utilizadas, potencialmente adictiva, derivada sintéticamente de la morfina, con múltiples efectos adversos secundarios por su uso. El artículo presenta un caso de edema pulmonar asociado a consumo de heroína, como complicación del abuso de esta droga ilícita. La sospecha clínica e identificación clínica, complementada con las imágenes, fueron claves para el diagnóstico. Se recomienda mantener como diagnóstico diferencial el consumo de drogas ilícitas cuando se atiendan patologías del sistema respiratorio. Abstract Heroin is one of the most used, potentially addictive drugs, synthetically derived from morphine, with multiple adverse effects in its use. A case of pulmonary edema associated with heroin use is presented, as a complication of the abuse of this illicit drug. Clinical suspicion and clinical identification, complementary to the images, are key to the diagnosis. It is recommended to maintain as a differential diagnosis the consumption of illicit drugs when it comes to pathologies of the respiratory system.