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BACKGROUND: In adults, vestibular loss is associated with cognitive deficits; however, similar relationships have not been studied in children. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of vestibular loss on working memory and executive function in children with a cochlear implant (CCI) compared to children with normal hearing (CNH). METHODS: Vestibular evoked myogenic potential, video head impulse, rotary chair, and balance testing; and the following clinical measures: vision, hearing, speech perception, language, executive function, and working memory. RESULTS: Thirty-eight CNH and 37 CCI participated (26 with normal vestibular function, 5 with unilateral vestibular loss, 6 with bilateral vestibular loss). Children with vestibular loss demonstrated the poorest balance performance. There was no significant reduction in working memory or executive function performance for either CCI group with vestibular loss; however, multivariate regression analysis suggested balance performance was a significant predictor for several working memory subtests and video head impulse gain was a significant predictor for one executive function outcome. CONCLUSIONS: CCI with vestibular loss did not have significantly reduced working memory or executive function; however, balance performance was a significant predictor for several working memory subtests. Degree of hearing loss should be considered, and larger sample sizes are needed.

This chapter is important because Shepherd leadership is not much taught in popular business or leadership textbooks. There is inadequate understanding and practice of compassionate care-Shepherd leadership quality-in sectors such as education and healthcare. Education is an important sector as it impacts students’ learning. Teachers with Shepherd leadership qualities motivate students to outperform, and be creative and work persistently to improve themselves, their communities and society. Healthcare is an important sector because providing healthcare has significant impact on personal and public health, development and economic growth to attain major employment. Additionally, research reveals that caring and compassionate leadership is lacking in organizations because it forms resilience, nurtures a team spirit, enhances engagement, and may reduce employee turnover. This chapter sheds light on the importance of compassionate and caring leaders in religious and educational organizations, healthcare, the army, and business organizations. This chapter will discuss mainly Shepherd leadership and aims to define it and will explore where it is mostly utilized and in what type of organizations has this leadership been applied and successful. This chapter also compares Shepherd leadership with Servant leadership, a closely related leadership, and other popular leadership styles in today’s organizations. Lastly, this chapter will touch on the challenges of Shepherd leadership.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between academic integrity of online university students and its effects on academic performance and learning quality. The first hypothesis aimed to see if there is statistically significant relationship between academic honesty of students taking online classes and their apparent academic performance. The second hypothesis aimed to see if there is a statistically significant difference in academic integrity among male and female students. The third hypothesis aimed to see if there was a statistically significant relationship between academic honesty of students and their quality of learning. Design/methodology/approach This is a quantitative study; data was collected via student emails from 155 active online university students. Findings There was a positive linear relationship for the first hypothesis, the relationship is relatively weak as the value of Pearson correlation was (0.172). For the second hypothesis, the results showed that there was no significant difference between males and females. The results for the third hypothesis showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between academic integrity of students taking online classes and academic learning quality. This relationship is relatively strong. Research limitations/implications The sample size may have been a limitation for generalizing the results. Practical implications As a practical implication, authors recommend that education administrators focus on training their faculty members to stress and instill strong ethical values, such as academic integrity and honesty, in their students all throughout their academic journey. Social implications As for social implication, the embracing of ethical values in students, graduates may continue to embrace such values in the workplace which may lead to more reputable and profitable work environment where the society at large benefits. Originality/value This research is among the pioneers that attempted to study the connection of academic integrity and learning quality from the students’ perspective.

This search aims to study and test the effect of using a new material (mortar infiltrated fiber concrete) as repair material in crucial regions that need a special type of repair like (deck of bridges, pavements, and defense structures). This work consisted of three stages: the first stage; testing the engineering properties of slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (compressive, splitting tensile, flexural and bond strengths), by using different types of fibers (End hooked steel fiber, Micro steel fiber, Polypropylene fiber, and Synthetic fiber), in five different types of mortar infiltrated fiber concrete mixes (with a volumetric ratio of fiber 6%), and the age of test was 28 days. After studying the behavior of these mixes in these tests, the second stage of this study was concluded casting reference slab with dimensions 900×900×80 mm from normal strength concrete and repairing two sets of damaged slabs (with dimensions 900×900×50 mm, the first set consist of five slabs damaged in the compression zone, and the second set consist of five slabs damaged in tension zone), the two sets repaired with repair layer from mortar infiltrated fiber concrete with thickness 30 mm. The third stage of the study was testing the effect of the repair material (mortar infiltrated fiber concrete) on the flexural behavior of the repaired slab specimens in (flexural strength, deflection characteristics, and ductility), through using a hydraulic jack with a four-point load system. The results of testing slab specimens indicated significant improvement in the flexural behavior of the repaired slab when compared with the reference slab, the slabs repaired in the compression zone recorded increasing in range 2-39% in ultimate load and the slabs that repaired in tension zone recorded 4-71% increasing in ultimate load .also recorded better deflection values through testing the slabs specimens that repaired. The ductility of the repaired slab specimens increased significantly from 25 to 91% compared with the reference slab specimens. These results indicated excellent effect mortar infiltrated fiber concrete as a perfect repair material for slabs that damaged in compression and tension zones.

In this paper, improving the punching shear of slab column connection using mortar infiltrated fiber concrete is studied. Eight specimens of reinforced concrete slabs identical in dimension and reinforcement were tested, six of them were casting with hybrid concrete (normal strength concrete and mortar infiltrated fiber concrete) and two specimens were cast with normal strength concrete as control specimens. All specimens were tested under vertical loading. The mortar infiltrated fiber concrete was cast monolithically with the normal strength concrete at different thickness at one and a half times of the effective depth (1.5d) at the center of the slab, once at all the thickness of cross section of the slab and the others at half thickness either tension or compression face of the slabs all cases cast with two types of fiber. The vertical load was applied upward through a square column with a dimension of (100 mm). In all slabs, no failure in mortar infiltrated fiber concrete was observed. The test results showed that the use of mortar infiltrated fiber concrete improves the punching shear strength for some cases according to the type of fibers and the location of casting mortar infiltrated fiber concrete in slabs. The enhancement in punching shear strength due to using mortar infiltrated fiber concrete at 1.5d square shape (265 mm) ranged from 4% to 46% compared with the control specimens.

Objectives: The goal of this qualitative research study was to better understand of how the mother-daughter relationship shaped by different ecologies in a Muslim community in the United States (US) influences their daughters' health behaviors. Methods: Using a criterion sampling strategy, 11 immigrant Muslim mothers and their American Muslim adolescent daughters aged 12-18 years who were born and also raised in the US were recruited (N=22) and interviewed. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed following phenomenological research methods. Results: Mothers in this sample explained that to share their health values with their daughters, they needed to be close, supportive, open-minded, and good listeners to them. The results revealed that daughters who perceived that their mothers' values were shaped by 3 factors – religion, culture of origin, and acculturation were more likely to follow healthy behaviors. Conclusion: The findings and the conceptual model will help explain how these maternal factors can work together to shape American Muslim adolescent daughters' health behaviors.

Purpose The aims of this study were to (a) determine if a high-quality adaptation of an audiovisual nonword repetition task can be completed by children with wide-ranging hearing abilities and to (b) examine whether performance on that task is sensitive to child demographics, hearing status, language, working memory, and executive function abilities. Method An audiovisual version of a nonword repetition task was adapted and administered to 100 school-aged children grouped by hearing status: 35 with normal hearing, 22 with mild bilateral hearing loss, 17 with unilateral hearing loss, and 26 cochlear implant users. Participants also completed measures of vocabulary, working memory, and executive function. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze performance on the nonword repetition task. Results All children were able to complete the nonword repetition task. Children with unilateral hearing loss and children with cochlear implants repeated nonwords with less accuracy than normal-hearing peers. After adjusting for the influence of vocabulary and working memory, main effects were found for syllable length and hearing status, but no interaction effect was observed. Conclusions The audiovisual nonword repetition task captured individual differences in the performance of children with wide-ranging hearing abilities. The task could act as a useful tool to aid in identifying children with unilateral or mild bilateral hearing loss who have language impairments beyond those imposed by the hearing loss.

BACKGROUND: Digital pathology practice is rapidly gaining popularity among practicing anatomic pathologists. Acceptance is higher among the newer generation of pathologists who are willing to adapt to this new diagnostic method due to the advantages offered by whole slide imaging (WSI) compared to traditional light microscopy (TLM). We performed this validation study because we plan to implement the WSI system for diagnostic services. OBJECTIVES: Determine the feasibility of using digital pathology for diagnostic services by assessing the equivalency of WSI and TLM. DESIGN: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Central laboratory at a tertiary health care center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four practicing surgical pathologists participated in this study. Each pathologist blindly reviewed 60 surgical neuropathology cases with a minimum 8-week washout-period between the two diagnostic modalities (WSI vs. TLM). Intraobserver concordance rates between WSI and TLM diagnoses as compared to the original diagnosis were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall intraobserver concordance rates between each diagnostic method (WSI and TLM) and original diagnosis. SAMPLE SIZE: 60 in-house surgical neuropathology cases. RESULTS: The overall intraobserver concordance rate between TLM and original diagnosis was 86.3% (range 76.7%-91.7%) versus 80.8% for WSI (range 68.3%-88.3%). These findings are suggestive of the superiority of TLM, but the Fleiss' Kappa statistic indicated that the two methods are equivalent, despite the low level of the K value. CONCLUSION: WSI is not inferior to the light microscopy and is feasible for primary diagnosis in surgical neuropathology. However, to ensure the best results, only formally trained neuropathologists should handle the digital neuropathology service. LIMITATIONS: Only one diagnostic slide per case rather than the whole set of slides, sample size was relatively small, and there was an insufficient number of participating neuropathologists. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Ears On, an intervention designed to increase toddlers’ use of hearing devices. A single-case, multiple-baseline design across participants was used with three parent–child dyads who demonstrated low hearing aid use despite enrollment in traditional early intervention services. Data logging technology was used to objectively measure hearing aid use. A functional relationship was identified between participation in the intervention and the number of hours children utilized their hearing aids. Two dyads met the criterion set for completing the intervention: an average of 8 hr of daily hearing aid use. One dyad did not reach this criterion but did meet the parent’s goal of full-time use in the child’s educational setting. For all dyads, increases in use were maintained 1 month after completion of the intervention. Findings support use of this short-term, intensive, individualized intervention to improve hearing aid use for toddlers with hearing loss.

Objectives To describe the impact of effusion volume, viscosity, and purulence on the audiologic profiles of children with otitis media with effusion. Design Fifty-one ears from children between the ages of 8 months and 11 years who had a diagnosis of otitis media with effusion and were scheduled for tympanostomy tube placement were recruited from medical clinics. The control group consisted of 17 ears from children between the ages of 10 months and 11 years without a recent history of otitis media and were recruited from a database of research volunteers. Participants received a comprehensive audiologic testing battery consisting of tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions, behavioral audiometric thresholds, and auditory brainstem response testing. For children with otitis media, this testing battery occurred 1 to 2 days before surgery. Middle ear effusions were characterized and collected on the day of surgery during tympanostomy tube placement from ears with otitis media with effusion. The comprehensive audiologic testing battery was completed postoperatively as well for most participants. Results Effusion volume, categorized in each ear as clear, partial, or full, effected the audiologic results. Ears with full effusions had moderate hearing losses, few to no measurable otoacoustic emissions, and delayed Wave V latencies. Ears with partial effusions and clear ears both had slight to mild hearing losses and normal Wave V latencies, though ears with partial effusions had fewer measurable otoacoustic emissions than clear ears. Normal-hearing control ears with no recent history of otitis media with effusion demonstrated normal audiometric thresholds, present otoacoustic emissions, and normal Wave V latencies. Repeat postoperative testing demonstrated improvements in audiologic testing results for all of the otitis media with effusion volume groups, with no significant differences remaining between the three otitis media with effusion groups. However, significant differences between otitis media with effusion ears and normal-hearing control ears persisted postoperatively, with otitis media with effusion ears demonstrating significantly poorer audiometric thresholds and reduced otoacoustic emissions as compared to normal control ears. The effect of effusion viscosity and purulence could not be systematically evaluated because minimal variability in effusion viscosity and purulence was observed in our sample, with nearly all effusions being mucoid and nonpurulent. Conclusions Effusion volume observed at the time of tympanostomy tube surgery was found to play a significant role in outcomes and responses on a range of audiologic tests that compose the standard clinical pediatric audiologic assessment battery. Full middle ear effusions were associated with a moderate hearing loss, and few to no measurable otoacoustic emissions were detected. Ears with a recent diagnosis of otitis media with effusion but clear at the time of tympanostomy tube placement had less hearing loss and a greater number of present otoacoustic emissions than ears with full or partial effusions but were still found to have poorer hearing sensitivity than the healthy control ears. Differences between ears with otitis media with effusion and healthy control ears persisted on postoperative assessments of otoacoustic emissions and audiometric thresholds, though there were no remaining effects of the presurgical effusion volume group.

We report a facile one-pot solution phase synthesis of one-dimensional Ge1-x Sn x nanowires. These nanowires were synthesized in situ via a solution-liquid-solid (SLS) approach in which triphenylchlorogermane was reduced by sodium borohydride in the presence of tin nanoparticle seeds. Straight Ge1-x Sn x nanowires were obtained with an average diameter of 60 ± 20 nm and an approximate aspect ratio of 100. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis revealed that tin was homogeneously incorporated within the germanium lattices at levels up to 10 at%, resulting in a measured lattice constant of 0.5742 nm. The crystal structure and growth orientation of the nanowires were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The nanowires adopted a face-centred-cubic structure with individual wires exhibiting growth along either the 111, 110 or 112 directions, in common with other group IV nanowires. Growth in the 112 direction was found to be accompanied by longitudinal planar twin defects. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Egyptian society has been shaped by two revolutions: The Free Officer Movement government takeover in 1952 and the ouster of President Mubarak in 2011. Both were revolutions but were very different in character. This paper will comparatively analyze the two events, the “revolutionary actions”, and the aftermath of the Free Officers on July 23, 1952 as well as that of January 25, 2011. It will examine the societal climate in which each of these series of events occurred, the nature of the “revolutionary action”, and the resultant effects of these events. It will be argued that although both were revolutions, the circumstances that led to them and the way that the revolutionary action was inspired, organized, and executed was very different in 2011 from those in 1952. This paper will seek an examination to each of these “revolutions” in terms of ideology and philosophy, public support, the nature of the “revolutionary” action (viz. the actual mechanism that resulted in the ouster of the previous regime). By analyzing these aspects of each “revolution”, one can analyze the applicability of the designation of “revolution” in describing both of these groups of events.

Egyptian society has been shaped by two revolutions: The Free Officer Movement government takeover in 1952 and the ouster of President Mubarak in 2011. Both were revolutions but were very different in character. This paper will comparatively analyze the two events, the “revolutionary actions”, and the aftermath of the Free Officers on July 23, 1952 as well as that of January 25, 2011. It will examine the societal climate in which each of these series of events occurred, the nature of the “revolutionary action”, and the resultant effects of these events. It will be argued that although both were revolutions, the circumstances that led to them and the way that the revolutionary action was inspired, organized, and executed was very different in 2011 from those in 1952. This paper will seek an examination to each of these “revolutions” in terms of ideology and philosophy, public support, the nature of the “revolutionary” action (viz. the actual mechanism that resulted in the ouster of the previous regime). By analyzing these aspects of each “revolution”, one can analyze the applicability of the designation of “revolution” in describing both of these groups of events.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, collected, domesticated and cultivated in Europe, India and Egypt, like endive (C. endivia L.), its closest related species. It grows as a weed in temperate climatic regions and is widely cultivated in northern Europe. Chicory is beneficial to both humans and animals due to its high protein content, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and phytoactive compounds. It is consumed as a vegetable, edible flowers, coffee substitute and for medicinal and cosmetic metabolites. It is also used in hepatoprotective compounds and as a flavoring in beer. Its extract is an inhibitor of salmonella. It is consumed as an animal feed, always with great care to avoid toxicity. Industrial chicory is developed mainly for its inulin content. There is recent interest in genetically engineering chicory to obtain higher yields and create new cultivars, but chicory potential still awaits development, especially in Asian countries. This chapter presents an overview of the origin, distribution, taxonomy and conservation of genetic resources, as well as crop cultivation practices and advances in modern biotechnology and molecular biology and their application for crop improvement concurrently with traditional chicory breeding.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this work is to determine whether there is a systematic effect of middle-ear effusion volume on wideband acoustic immittance in children with surgically-confirmed otitis media with effusion. DESIGN. Wideband acoustic immittance was measured in 49 ears from children (9 months - 11 years) who had a diagnosis of otitis media with effusion and compared to 14 ears from children (10 months - 10 years) without a recent history of otitis media. For children with otitis media with effusion, wideband acoustic immittance testing took place in the child’s pre-operative waiting room prior to surgical placement of tympanostomy tubes. Testing was completed in a pressurized condition (wideband tympanometry) for all ears as well as in an ambient condition in a subset of ears. Intraoperative findings regarding effusion volume were reported by the surgeons immediately prior to tube placement and confirmed following myringotomy. This classified the volume of effusion as compared to middle-ear volume categorically as either full, partial, or clear of effusion. The type of wideband acoustic immittance explored in this work was absorbance. Absorbance responses were grouped based on effusion volume into one of four groups: full effusions, partial effusions, ears clear of effusion at the time of surgery, and normal control ears. Standard tympanometry was also completed on all ears. RESULTS. Absorbance is systematically reduced as the volume of the middle-ear effusion increases. This reduction is present at most frequencies but is greatest in the frequency range from 1–5 kHz. A multivariate logistic regression approach was utilized to classify ears based on effusion volume. The regression approach classified ears as effusion present (full and partial ears) or absent (clear ears and normal control ears) with 100% accuracy, ears with effusion present as either partial or full with 100% accuracy, and ears without effusion as either normal control ears or ears clear of effusion with 75% accuracy. Regression performance was also explored when the dataset was split into a training set (70% of the data) and a validation test set (30% of the data) to simulate how this approach would perform on unseen data in a clinical setting. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve are reported. Overall, this approach demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for classifying ears as effusion being present or absent and as present effusions being full or partial with areas under the curve ranging from 1 to 0.944. Despite the lack of effusion present in both clear ears and normal control ears, this approach was able to distinguish between these ears, but with a more moderate sensitivity and specificity. No systematic effect of effusion volume was found on standard tympanometry. CONCLUSIONS. Wideband acoustic immittance, and more specifically, absorbance, is a strong and sensitive indicator of the volume of a middle-ear effusion in children with otitis media with effusion.

Vibrio cholerae is a cause of serious endemic diarrhoea associated with cholera in many regions in the world. A total of 256 stool and rectal swabs were collected from patients suspected to have cholera admitted to three hospitals in Hillah, Babylon Governorate, Iraq, for the period 1 September to 29 December 2017. After the routine culture of samples for isolation and identification of V. cholerae isolates, PCR was performed for molecular detection of V. cholerae isolates based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Toxigenicity was detected by RTX toxin genes. PCR technique emphasized molecular detection of V. cholerae for eight isolates. Only two isolates (25%) possessed both the rtxA and rtxC genes, while only three isolates (37.5%) possessed the rtxB gene. DNA sequencing was performed for the eight isolates via analysis and phylogenetic tree. The observed bacterial variants were compared to their neighbour homologous reference sequences using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST server (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi ). The findings indicated that the eight investigated isolates of V. cholerae were positioned in three different phylogenetic positions. Partial sequence dissimilarities were reported between GenBank isolate accession number MK212155.1 and these six clustered GenBank accession numbers of the same species. For the first time in Babylon Governorate, Iraq, the molecular assay, sequencing and phylogenetic tree are reported for V. cholerae and their toxins isolated during the 2017 cholera outbreak.

The present study investigated the wax deposition tendencies of a light Malaysian crude oil (42.4° API), and the wax inhibiting potential of some surfactants and their blends with nanoparticles. With the knowledge that the majority of the wax inhibition research revolved around polymeric wax inhibitors, which cause environmental issues, we highlighted the potential of surfactants and their blend with SiO2 nanoparticles as wax deposition inhibitors. Different surfactants including oil-based, silane-based, Gemini and bio-surfactants were considered as primary surfactants. The primary surfactants and their respective blends at a concentration of 400 ppm were screened as wax inhibitor candidates using cold finger apparatus. The screening results showed a significant influence on the paraffin inhibition efficiency on wax deposition by using 400 ppm of silane-based surfactant, which decreased the wax deposition up to 53.9% as compared to that of the untreated crude oil. The inhibition efficiency among the silane-based surfactant (highest) and bio-surfactant (lowest) revealed an appreciable difference up to 36.5%. Furthermore, the wax from the treated sample was found to deposit in a thin gel-like form, which adhered inadequately to the surface of the cold finger. A further investigation by blending the 400 ppm silane-based surfactant with a 400 ppm SiO2 nanoparticle suspension in a load ratio of 3:1 found that the wax inhibition decreased up to 81% as compared to the scenario when they were not added. However, we have shown that the synergy between the silane-based surfactant and the nanoparticles is influenced by the concentration and load ratio of surfactant and nanoparticles, residence time, differential temperature and rotation rate.

The authors investigate the impact of big data's velocity on greening IP over WDM networks. They classify the processing velocity of big data into two modes: expedited-data and relaxed-data modes. Expedited-data demands higher amount of computational resources to reduce the execution time compared with the relaxed-data. They developed a mixed integer linear programming model to progressively process big data at strategic locations, dubbed processing nodes (PNs), built into the network along the path from the source to the destination. The extracted information from the raw traffic is smaller in volume compared with the original traffic each time the data is processed, hence, reducing network power consumption. The results showed that up to 60% network power saving is achieved when nearly 100% of the data required relaxed processing. In contrast, only 15% of network power saving is gained when nearly 100% of the data required expedited processing. The authors obtained around 33% power saving in the mixed modes (i.e. when ∼50% of the data is processed in the relaxed mode and 50% of the data is processed in expedited mode), compared with the classical approach where all the processing is achieved inside the centralised data centres only.

The purpose of this quantitative research was to measure customer satisfaction with bank tellers and bank teller leadership attributes and to determine the relationships between the two and the effect of gender on the ratings. Data were collected at three bank branches in West Amman-Jordan with 126 bank customers. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the ratings of the leadership attributes: Ethics had highest ratings while innovation had the lowest ratings. There were significantly different gender ratings in two leadership attributes such that women’s ratings were higher than the men’s in bank knowledge and communication leadership attributes. Also, men and women differed significantly on satisfaction; women were more satisfied than men. Moreover, results revealed that satisfaction correlated directly, strongly, and significantly with all five leadership attributes. Additionally, results showed that bank knowledge, innovation, and gender all made unique and statistically significant contributions to predicting satisfaction with bank tellers.

In this paper, we study the impact of big data’s volume and variety dimensions on energy efficient big data networks (EEBDN) by developing a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to encapsulate the distinctive features of these two dimensions. First, a progressive energy efficient edge, intermediate, and central processing technique is proposed to process big data’s raw traffic by building processing nodes (PNs) in the network along the way from the sources to datacenters. Second, we validate the MILP operation by developing a heuristic that mimics, in real time, the behavior of the MILP for the volume dimension. Third, we test the energy efficiency limits of our green approach under several conditions where PNs are less energy efficient in terms of processing and communication compared to data centers. Fourth, we test the performance limits in our energy efficient approach by studying a “software matching” problem where different software packages are required to process big data. The results are then compared to the classical big data networks (CBDN) approach where big data is only processed inside centralized data centers. Our results revealed that up to 52% and 47% power saving can be achieved by the EEBDN approach compared to the CBDN approach, under the impact of volume and variety scenarios, respectively. Moreover, our results identify the limits of the progressive processing approach and in particular the conditions under which the CBDN centralized approach is more appropriate given certain PNs energy efficiency and software availability levels.

Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) has obtained attention from researchers and engineers to be employed in various structural applications to improve concrete structures' performance. However, there are limited experimental test results on the impact of the beam cross-section area along with fiber dosage and configuration on the torsional behavior of the SFRC beams. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of beam section sizes on the characteristics of the torsional performance of cracking and ultimate torsional strengths of SFRC beams. Fiber contents of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 % with two different lengths of steel fiber were mixed with concrete to study fiber lengths and dosage influences on the torsional behavior. Moreover, torsional loads and cracking and ultimate torque equations of SFRC beams with different fiber dosages and lengths were proposed. Results showed that the SFRC beams exhibited higher cracking torsional moment than the control beams. The hooked steel fiber reinforced beam exhibited the highest increase of the total torsional toughness with the large area and 1.5% fiber dosage, while the straight micro steel fiber beams show good performance with a 1.5% fiber dosage with a small cross-section area. The results from past research and the proposed equations of the cracking and ultimate torques exhibited a good correlation.

This paper evaluates the quality of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals’ report for 2020, and devises a new data quality assessment framework based on analysing many data quality frameworks. Data in this paper is collected from the official UN SDG official website, and the national statistics offices of the UN countries. A weighted-score sum module is also being utilized to find the best data quality dimension. These dimensions are then used to create a new data quality framework. It is found that the UN SDGs used a data quality framework that is based on statistical output factors and ignores other quality factors and therefore the score for assessing this report is 56%. The perceived identified gaps include: countries are using different quality and assessment frameworks which cause inconsistency in data quality; data is outdated and incomplete; data is not available for many indicators and countries; cost and efficiency are not part of the UN SDG data quality framework; therefore weak data management is found. Areas for improvement include creating one comprehensive data quality framework for all countries will ensure the highest data quality.

Herein is presented a hybrid production scheme that considered the injection of gel type-microemulsions to mobilize and to displace stranded heavy oil. The present work investigated not only the flow of proposed microemulsions during their journey through the sandstone cores, but also evaluates the influence of flooding conditions on their displacement efficiency. The proposed microemulsion formulations were prepared from micellar slugs, which were found efficient in solubilizing for heavy oils especially when they were prepared from a cationic Gemini surfactant with a longer alkyl chain. A series of coreflood tests showed that the injection of formulated microemulsions in a conventional water-flooded Berea sandstones recovered about 20.3 and 31.6% of initial-oil-in place (IOIP). The same formulations, injected in an artificially fractured and heterogeneous sandstones, yielded an oil recovery of 6.4 and 8.4% of IOIP respectively. Regardless the nature of the network of oil-bearing matrix, the heaviest formulation, that was the microemulsion prepared from the cationic Gemini surfactant with the longest alkyl chain, stood as a better displacing agent compared to its counterpart prepared from the a short alkyl chain. The mechanism of oil production was found subsequent to a reduction in viscous forces (order of 10−10), which itself was altered by the chemistry inherent to the propagation of microemulsion and that of the formation brines. These concomitant mechanisms prompt the wettability alteration of the sandstone from mixed-wet to water-wet for conventional sandstone and to strongly-water unconventional cores. Also, the formation of sludgy materials, subsequent to microemulsion flooding, was drawn as the main challenge in this work that could be mitigated by altering the composition of the preflush stage. For this production to be efficient in an unconventional formation, the results presented herein suggest a modification of the injection scheme.

A field experiment is conducted at Thi-Qar Province in AL-Shatra District located about 30 Km North AL-Nassiria City to study the response of three wheat Cultivars Triticum aestivum L. to Growth regulators during 2014-2015 growing Season. The Cultivars are Latifia , AL-Rasheed and Iba 99. The growth regulators are Alga600, Atonik and Azomin32%. Factorial experiment in R.C.B.D. with three replicates is used . The results showed that Iba 99 Cultivar gives the highest plant height , Spikes/m2 and grain yield , with a means 80.83 cm , 272.25 spike/m2 and 3.06 Ton/h) Respectively . Azomin32% growth regulator gives the highest grain /spike , 1000 grain weight and grain yield , with a means 66.00 seed/spike ,43.55 gm , 272.33 spike/m2 respectively. In addition the interaction between Iba 99 Cultivar and Azomin32% growth regulator gives the highest Leaf Area , number of grain/spike and grain yield with means 45.10 cm2 , 70.00 grain/spike and 3.16 ton/ha respectively.The combination treatment Iba 99 with Atonik growth regulator gives the highest number of spike/m2 with a mean 279.66 spike/m2 . In the other hand, the same cultivar with Atonik and Azomin32% gives the highest mean of grain yield with a amount 3.16 ton/ha.

Objective. To establish the features of cardiac remodeling in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and type 2 diabetes based on gene polymorphism leptin receptors LEPR Q223R. Materials and methods. The study involved 147 patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (100.0 % of men aged 53.0 ± 7.83 years). Type 2 diabetes was detected in 64 (43.5 %) patients. CHD was established regarding the recommendations of the AHA/ACC (2014) and ESC (2013), verification of the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was conducted under the existing criteria. Gene polymorphism LEPR Q223R determined by PCR mode Real­Time. Echocardiographic studies were performed in M­, B­ and D­mode on the ″Logic 500 Sono Series″ (General Electric, Korea). Results and discussion. In CHD patients with type 2 diabetes size of the left atrium was significantly higher than those in patients with CHD without diabetes. In men with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and type 2 diabetes was registered significantly higher myocardial mass, wall thickness, end systolic and diastolic dimensions than in patients without diabetes. In patients with CHD with type 2 diabetes final systolic size, end systolic volume, and end systolic extent index were significantly higher than in patients with CHD without diabetes. Presence of type 2 diabetes in patients with CHD was associated with the increase of end­diastolic volume, and left ventricular mass. In patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and type 2 diabetes was noted a significant worsening of cardiac systolic function: the degree of shortening of the anteroposterior size of the left ventricle (ΔS) in systole and ejection fraction were 7.4 and 6.6 % lower than in patients without diabetes. Among patients with CHD there were revealed 25.2 % homozygotes QQ, 42.4 % ­ QR ­ heterozygotes and 32.7 % ­ RR homozygotes. RR genotype was associated with a higher frequency of maladaptive remodeling type characterized by the dilation of the heart’s chambers and thinning of the myocardium walls, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. The frequency of the eccentric hypertrophy in homozygotes RR was 77.0 % and was significantly higher than among carriers of allele Q (OR = 4.60, 95,0% CI 2.13­9.94), while the frequency of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly lower (2.3­2.5 times, p < 0.05). Based on the multiple linear regression analysis it was confirmed that the genotype RR gene LEPR Q223R is an independent predictor of decrease of ejection fraction in patients with CHD associated with Type 2 diabetes. Conclusions. Gene polymorphism of LEPR Q223R is a predictor of maladaptive type of cardiac remodeling in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.

Traditional steel reinforcing rebars are susceptible to corrosion as they are exposed to weather conditions. This vulnerability creates a limit to its effectiveness as a reinforcement within concrete structures. Corrosion of steel reinforcement can lead to damage and deterioration of reinforcement in concrete structures, as well as put the overall structure at risk of accumulated damage and ultimately failure. This paper involves an alternative material to longitudinal and spiral reinforcements consisting of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). The paper explores the shear strength of circular concrete beams reinforced with GFRP rebars. A total of four full-scale concrete beams with a total length of 2500 mm and a diameter of 260 mm were tested to failure in four-point loading setup. The investigated parameters were the type of longitudinal reinforcement (steel vs GFRP), number of longitudinal rebars, and the pitch of spirals. The performance of the GFRP beams is compared to their steel beams counterparts. The comparison involved: failure load, load-deformation behavior, and failure mode. It was observed that flexural cracking patterns are initially manifested, and ultimately shear cracking patterns emerge. The GFRP beams provided significantly higher strengths and impeccable protection against corrosion than their steel counterparts. The steel-reinforced beams, however, provide superior ductility and deformation city.

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a crucial risk factor for the development of chronic health issues, which have a high incidence among Arabs living in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The Qatar Stepwise Survey 2012 reported that approximately 44% of young adults 18–44 years of age had insufficient levels of physical activity. Family is a powerful source of information and socialization for adolescents and has a strong influence on their attitudes, decision-making, and behaviors.MethodsThe purpose of this study is to understand how university students’ physical activity can be influenced by sociocultural factors, particularly family health values and Muslim Arab culture. Using the criterion sampling strategy, 20 undergraduate Muslim students (Female students =10, Male students = 10) aged from 18 to 23 years who were Qatari or born and also raised in Qatar were recruited and interviewed. Participants were asked if they consider themselves active or not, about their perception of family health values regarding physical activity and the factors shaping these values, and the influence of family values on their physical activity behavior. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed following inductive analysis.ResultsThe majority of the participants were influenced by their family health values, which were shaped by Qatari culture and the culture of origin for non-Qatari and were implicitly shaped by Islam. Participants reported that their role models of physical activity were males (fathers and male siblings), a health condition will motivate their families to be physically active,and families give priority to work and academic achievement over physical activity. A few participants showed that there was explicit influence of Islam on their physical activity, because culture’s influence was veiling religion’s. Culture was seen as a facilitator for physical activity from the males’ perspectives, which was not the case for female participants who reported the negative influence of culture on their physical activity because of the limited choices available for them. Non-Qatari students revealed that their culture of origin (such as Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Somalia, Bangladesh, Sudan, Pakistan and India) was the dominant factor in shaping their family health values.ConclusionsThe findings address gaps in the literature about families’ health values regarding physical activity in Qatar, the influence of the different ecologies surrounding these values, and the physical activity behaviors of university students. Knowledge about these factors can aid in the development of family-based interventions designed to motivate adolescents to be physically active, which should be religion- and culture-tailored.

A field experiment was carried out in five cultivation sites (L) ( Dhi Qar 1 (Shatrah) ( L1 ), Dhi Qar 2 (Karma) L2) ), Al-Muthanna (Al-Rumaitha) ( L3 ), Al-Qadisia (Agricultural Research Station) ( L4 ), Najaf (Al-Mishkhab) ( L5 ) to grow six certified varieties of Rice (V) (Yasmin ( V1 ), Furat ( V2 ), Dijlah ( V3 ), Amber baraka ( V4 ), Ghadeer ( V5 ), Amber 33 ( V6 ) ) during summer agricultural season 2019 for the purpose of studying The qualities growth and quotient components for varieties the Rice under the influence of various environmental conditions. The experiment was use Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. It showed The consequences excellence Najaf site ( L5 ) significantly over the remaining sites, with the highest grain yield reaching 4.216 t.ha−1. Furat variety (V2) was superior to most of the varieties for the characteristics (number of panicles, weight of 250 grains and the total grain yield) (446.0 panicle.m−2, 10.17 g, 5.08 t.ha−1 ) respectively. Interaction treatment L4V2 achieved the highest average grain yield 5.680 t.ha−1 Compared to the rest of interaction treatment.

This paper examined the comparison between the mechanical properties of mortar infiltrated fibers concrete with two types of fibers (End hooked steel fiber and Synthetic fiber) with varying fibre volume. The difference in properties of the concrete with steel fiber, concrete without fiber and concrete with Synthetic fiber was determined. Compressive strength and flexural strength (Modulus of rupture) of concrete were determined. The concrete mixing containing [0% control, (2,4 and 6%)] fibre volume of (End Hooked) and Synthetic fiber were used for compressive and flexural strengths tests. Steel fiber was (30 mm) in length and (0.5mm) diameter, while Synthetic fiber was (60mm) in length and (0.84mm) diameter. the concrete cube used was (100×100mm) for compressive strength test, also beam used for flexural strength test with dimensions (400×100×100mm). The results showed that with increasing volumetric ratio of fiber, the compressive strength and flexural strength increase. The compressive strength and flexural strength of hooked fiber have a much higher extent increasing than that of synthetic fiber.

In this paper, enhancing the energy absorption by using slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) in flat slab-column connection is studied. Eight specimens of reinforced concrete slabs identical in reinforcement and dimensions were tested, six of them were casted as a hybrid reinforced concrete slabs [normal strength concrete (N.S.C) and SIFCON] and the remaining two slabs were casted with a N.S.C as control specimens. SIFCON was casted monolithically with a N.S.C with a different thickness by a square shape of side length (0.5 d) at the center of the specimens, once at all the thickness of cross section of the slab (80 mm) and the others at half thickness (40 mm) either at compression or tension face of the slabs. Two types of fiber were used in SIFCON. All specimens were tested under the same condition by applied a vertical load downward through a square column with dimensions of (100*100*200 mm). The results showed that the use of SIFCON increasing the energy absorption for all cases with a varying percentage according to the location of casting SIFCON within the cross section of the slabs and the type of fibers which used in SIFCON. The enhancement in energy absorption due to using SIFCON with a square shape at center of slabs (155 mm) was ranged from 36.04% to 77.37% compared with the control specimens.

In situ emulsification/solubilization is an oil recovery technique routinely used to mobilize residual oil after the secondary oil production (waterflooding). The oil is produced after a subsequent reduction of interfacial tension between stranded crude oil and water in the reservoir. Herein, a recovery method is presented for heavy crude oils whose scheme consists of injection of a fully solubilized (or emulsified) oil. Theoretically, the fully solubilized oil, referred hereinafter as microemulsion formulation, reduces the viscous forces that keep residual oil stranded. Different microemulsion formulations were prepared ex situ from two heavy oils (API 11.5 and 16.6), micellar slugs (formulated from cationic Gemini surfactant), and low-saline water (0.1 wt % NaCl). Tertiary heavy oil recovery consisted of displacing residual oil from a waterflooded core by a specific microemulsion formulation followed by low-saline water, which acted as buffer solution. Thirty-one percent of initial oil-in-place (IOIP) was recovered from the waterflooded core by microemulsion followed by an incremental oil recovery of about 20% of IOIP with chase water. The oil recovery efficiency by microemulsion and chase water floodings was lowered to 15 and 28%, respectively, in a strong oil-wet core (i.e., non waterflooded core). Despite the promising results presented herein, the performance of the microemulsion formulations and thus the oil recovery efficiency were found to be strongly dependent on (1) the nature of the core, i.e., its mineralogy, (2) the wetting state of plug, and (3) the chemical composition advancing fluid. The microemulsion formulations prompted a series of chemical reactions which subsequently altered their performance as a displacing agent. Ion tracking analysis of the effluent fractions showed that the pH and concentration in divalent and/or monovalent ions were also altered at each stage of production. When the plug was not waterflooded, the oil was produced along with a deposit of sludge and a high emulsion cut. However, the use of preflush enriched with an alkali (Na2CO3) was found to abate both effects. Furthermore, the spectral analysis of effluent fractions revealed the formation of calcium bridges which are thought to alter the efficiency of microemulsion formulations. Also, a series of chemical schemes are proposed in this investigation to support these results. Lastly, this investigation proposes a simplified electrostatic model that explains further the formation of clusters which were promoted by propagation of displacing fluids.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding by immiscible gas drive has increasingly gained prominence in production operations to address the challenging recovery of residual heavy crude oils. Moreover, at its supercritical state, supercritical CO2 (sCO2) exhibits singular attractive properties for petroleum industry including a low viscosity and high diffusivity. However, it is well-documented that injection of CO2 triggers the deposition of heavy fractions i.e. asphaltenes /resins causing a subsequent reduction of reservoir formation porosity, alteration of rock wettability as well as wellbore plugging. In this paper, we are highlighting the relationship between the solubility of sCO2 and asphaltene. A heavy crude oil (API 11.5) was used as raw material. The experiments included a modified ASTM D3279 method which aimed at estimating the amount of asphaltene content in the dead sample and PVT test that accounted the solubility of sCO2. Using experimental data and thermodynamic model, the extent to which equilibrium temperature that influences asphaltene deposition was studied. Also in this study, we have proposed a correlation between asphaltene solubility and heavy oil swelling, both prompted by solubility sCO2. The kinetics and the stability of the equilibrium of intermolecular forces developed between sCO2 and dead oil composition during the development of the miscibility front were also investigated in respect of sCO2 solubility and-bubble point pressures.

Fundamentally, recovery methods of untapped crude oils require injection of foreign material(s) in the reservoir, which subsequently promote(s) the displacement of residual oil. In chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR), the microscopic sweep efficiency depends primarily on achievement of a low interfacial tension. The present work investigates into the surface tension and phase behavior properties of microemulsion developed from a contact between a dimeric ammonium salt surfactant achieve an ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) was compared with a conventional polysorbate surfactant commonly used in chemical EOR. At fairly low concentration, dimeric surfactants achieved an IFT of order of 10 −3 mN/m. Salinity tolerance and IFT were significantly altered not only by the heaviness i.e. API of the crude, but also by the reservoir conditions. Moreover, alkane carbon number (ACN), introduced in this work, revealed that modeling a micellar slug formulation solely based on chemical composition of the crude and/or its nature could be misleading. Presence of divalent ions was found to promote the increase in IFT rather to a shift to a lower value. Also, a relative low adsorption of micellar slug was found in both dolomite and Berea sandstone. However, active head of the dimeric surfactant showed a preferential attachment to carbonate rock while low interactions were observed for sandstone. Lastly, the present study has highlighted an inhibiting acidity activity for dimeric ammoniums salt surfactants.

The hydraulic relationships of flow through notches of different common shapes were investigated in this study. The hydraulic performance of notches were carried out experimentally, by using eight models, the effect of various shapes of notches to specify a range of hydraulic parameters such as coefficient of discharge Cd, energy dissipation ratio E%, and self-aeration of notch AE%. The experimental results of this study showed that the dissipation energy corresponding to V-notches is larger than resulted from rectangular notches. For compound notches of rectangular and triangle, a turbulence in flow increases as the angle of lower notch decreases. Thus, this type with (=120) is the most efficient between the studied models, which gives dissipation of flow energy ratio of (35.86%) for strong hydraulic jump, and (20.7%) for steady jump type. In addition, this type improved the self-aeration of flow given by ( %), a percent of 35.53 is measured. This work also reveal that length of roller and the length of hydraulic jump were directly proportional to the angle of compound notch. Depending on statistical basis, this study derived set of empirical relationships to estimate coefficient of discharge, energy dissipation ratio, and reduction of hydraulic jump length ratio with acceptable values of coefficient of determination.

This paper presents the aggregation of asphaltenic materials in three dead crude oils, including two heavy samples from Hokkaido (Japan) and an extra heavy sample from Canada. In this study, a modified ASTM D3279 method and PVT test were used to estimate the amount of precipitated asphaltene and the experimental bubble-point pressures of the samples, respectively. Upon which, a crude oil characterization was performed following pseudocomponent approach with the use of molecular weight and specific gravity of single carbon number from oil assay data as distribution variables. A simplified thermodynamic model, derived from the solubility model, was used to correlate the maximum asphaltene soluble with the aggregated amount. This study has highlighted that oil precipitation, during its titration, occurs as a function of both the molecular weight of the titrant and the carbon-to-hydrogen ratio in the asphaltene phase. Furthermore, the kinetics and the stability of intermolecular forces, developed during the miscibility process, are believed to alter oil polarity and gas solubility. More specifically, pressurization of the system [oil-supercritical gas] decreases the solubility parameters of the asphaltene fraction and increases the solvating strength of gas. Both effects were found to occur concurrently. This study has also demonstrated that asphaltenes are less soluble in impure gases compared to the pure one. At/near the bubble-point pressure, the supercritical gas, in contact with the oil, develops a potential as either a flocculant or coagulant. The increase in pseudo equilibrium temperature attained after gas injection was found also to alter asphaltene aggregation.

Past research has used synthetic fiber (SY.F) and steel fiber (ST.F) for decades to advance concrete mechanical characteristics, including shear, tensile, and flexural strengths. Nevertheless, there is limited information concerning the torsional concrete reinforced with SY.F and ST.F performance. This research aims to explore the torsional performance of hollow reinforcement concrete beams reinforced with various fiber types. The fiber content of 1% with three different lengths of SY.F, 19, 38, and 57 mm, along with 13 mm of ST.F, was used. Two specimens were cast with normal concrete without using fibers as control beams and four hollow beams with ST.F and SY.F. To use a pure torsional load on the tested samples, an innovative test method was employed. The twisting angle of tested beams was calculated at each interval of the load as well as the first crack load and failure load. Outcomes illustrated that the utilizing of SY.F and ST.F in the reinforced concrete beams (RCB) enhanced the overall performance under torsional load compared to the control beam behaviors. This enhancement in the performance was relative to the fiber type and length. For the first cracking load, the tested beams reinforced with the ST.F and SY.F of 19 and 37 mm lengths showed approximately the same value. Also, the beam reinforced with the SY.F length of 55 mm exhibited the highest first cracking load value, among other tested beams. As the fiber length increases of SY.F, the ultimate load capacity was raised by 4.7, 9.4, and 21.9% for beams cast with 19, 37, and 55 mm fiber length, respectively. For the ST.F reinforcement concrete beam, the ultimate load capacity was raised by 5.5%. Therefore, due to the significant impact of SY.F on the torsional performance, it is recommended using SY.F with normal concrete.

We report a facile one-pot solution phase synthesis of one-dimensional Ge1−x Sn x nanowires. These nanowires were synthesized in situ via a solution-liquid-solid (SLS) approach in which triphenylchlorogermane was reduced by sodium borohydride in the presence of tin nanoparticle seeds. Straight Ge1−x Sn x nanowires were obtained with an average diameter of 60 ± 20 nm and an approximate aspect ratio of 100. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis revealed that tin was homogeneously incorporated within the germanium lattices at levels up to 10 at%, resulting in a measured lattice constant of 0.5742 nm. The crystal structure and growth orientation of the nanowires were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The nanowires adopted a face-centred-cubic structure with individual wires exhibiting growth along either the 〈111〉, 〈110〉 or 〈112〉 directions, in common with other group IV nanowires. Growth in the 〈112〉 direction was found to be accompanied by longitudinal planar twin defects.

Additional file 1. Interview Guide.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Demographics for Participants from Qatar University.

Bu çalışmada bazı Isatis and Chrysanthemum türlerine ait ekstrakların, insandaki bazı patojenik bakteri ve mantarlara olan etkinliği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada, Irak'ın Erbil ve Süleymaniye illerinde yaygın olarak yetişen 3 Isatis (I. tinctoria, I. buschiana, I. lusitanica) ve Chrysanthemum (C. morifolium, C. indicum, C. maximum) türleri toplanmıştır. Bitkiler, çiçek, yaprak ve sap bölümü olmak üzere üç kısma ayrılmıştır. Ekstraksiyon işlemlerinde sıcak su, etanol ve metanol kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen her bir ektraktan %25, %50 ve %75 oranlarında alınarak antibakteriyel ve antifungal testlerine tabii tutulmuştur. Denemelerde dört patojenik bakteri S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumonia ve iki önemli patojenik mantar C. albicans ve A. niger kullanılmıştır.Elde edilen sonuçlara göre %75 konsantrasyondaki metanol ektresi hem antibakteriyel hem de antifungal testlerinde en iyi sonuçları vermiştir.Antibakteriyel testlerinde Isatis türlerinin yaprak bölümleri yüksek sonuçlar göstermiş ve genel olarak antibakteriyel aktivite etkinliği bitki türleri arasında I. tinctoria > I. lusitanica > I. buschiana şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Chrysanthemum türlerinde ise bu sıralama C.morifolium > C.indicum, > C.maximum şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. En iyi sonuçlar C.morifolium'da çiçek-yaprak, C.indicum'da sap ve C.maximum'da yaprak-sap'da belirlenmiştir.Antifungal denemelerinde ise Isatis and Chrysanthemum türlerinin çiçek ve yaprak bölümleri yüksek değerler göstermiş ve türler arasındaki sıralama I. buschiana > I. lusitanica > I. tinctoria ile C. morifolium > C. maximum > C. indicum şeklinde olmuştur.HPLC yöntemi kullanılarak I. tinctoria, I. buschiana ve C. morifolium bitkilerinin bazı alkaloid, glikozit, fenol & flavonoid bileşikleri belirlenmiştir. Alkaloid grubundan en yüksek bileşik Indigo (1238.98 ppm) olup I. buschiana'nin çiçek kısmında tespit edilmiştir. Glikozit grubundan ise gluconapin en fazla I. tinctoria'nın yaprağında (325.07 ppm) ve fenol & flavonoidler kategorisinden coumarins (439.50 ppm) ise I. buschiana'nın çiçeğinde bulunmuştur.Elde edilen sonuçlara göre %75 konsantrasyondaki metanol ektresi hem antibakteriyel hem de antifungal testlerinde en iyi sonuçları vermiştir.Antibakteriyel testlerinde Isatis türlerinin yaprak bölümleri yüksek sonuçlar göstermiş ve genel olarak antibakteriyel aktivite etkinliği bitki türleri arasında I. tinctoria > I. lusitanica > I. buschiana şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Chrysanthemum türlerinde ise bu sıralama C.morifolium > C.indicum, > C.maximum şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. En iyi sonuçlar C.morifolium'da çiçek-yaprak, C.indicum'da sap ve C.maximum'da yaprak-sap'da belirlenmiştir.Antifungal denemelerinde ise Isatis and Chrysanthemum türlerinin çiçek ve yaprak bölümleri yüksek değerler göstermiş ve türler arasındaki sıralama I. buschiana > I. lusitanica > I. tinctoria ile C. morifolium > C. maximum > C. indicum şeklinde olmuştur.HPLC yöntemi kullanılarak I. tinctoria, I. buschiana ve C. morifolium bitkilerinin bazı alkaloid, glikozit, fenol & flavonoid bileşikleri belirlenmiştir. Alkaloid grubundan en yüksek bileşik Indigo (1238.98 ppm) olup I. buschiana'nin çiçek kısmında tespit edilmiştir. Glikozit grubundan ise gluconapin en fazla I. tinctoria'nın yaprağında (325.07 ppm) ve fenol & flavonoidler kategorisinden coumarins (439.50 ppm) ise I. buschiana'nın çiçeğinde bulunmuştur. This study aims to present the effects of Isatis and Chrysanthemum spp. extracts on some pathogenic bacteria and fungi for human. In trials , four strains of the pathogenic bacteria S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumonia and two important strains of the common pathogenic fungi C. albicans and A. niger were used. Three common species of Isatis (I. tinctoria, I. buschiana, I. lusitanica) and Chrysanthemum (C. morifolium, C. indicum, C. maximum) collected from Erbil and Sulaimanyah (Iraq). Each of these samples divided into three parts individually (flower, leaf and stem). Three different solvents (hot water, ethanol, and methanol) used for extraction of these plant parts. Each of 25%, 50%, and 75% extract concentrations of the samples tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. According to the results of extract concentrations, 75% in the methanol solvent showed the best values for antibacterial and antifungal tests.In the antibacterial test of Isatis spp. the leaf showed the best results. In general antibacterial activity of Isatis spp. is as follows: I. tinctoria > I. lusitanica > I. buschiana. As for Chrysanthemum spp., the order was as following C.morifolium > C.indicum, > C.maximum. The highest results was determined in flower-leaf parts of C.morifolium, stem of C.indicum and stem-leaf of C.maximum.In the antifungal test of Isatis and Chrysanthemum spp., the flower and leaf parts showed the highest results as the following order I. buschiana > I. lusitanica > I. tinctoria and C. morifolium > C. maximum > C. indicum.In addition to the given results, the alkaloid, glycoside, phenols & flavonoids were determined by HPLC method in I. tinctoria, I. buschiana and C. morifolium. Indigo displayed the highest value (1238.98 ppm) for alkaloid compounds in I. buschiana flower part. However, for glycoside compounds the gluconapin showed the maximum value I. tinctoria leaf (325.07 ppm). Additionally, for phenol & flavonoid compounds, coumarins showed the highest results in I. buschiana flower part (439.50 ppm). According to the results of extract concentrations, 75% in the methanol solvent showed the best values for antibacterial and antifungal tests.In the antibacterial test of Isatis spp. the leaf showed the best results in the order of I. tinctoria > I. lusitanica > I. buschiana. In general, for Chrysanthemum spp. the highest results obtained by C.morifolium > C.indicum, > C.maximum. The highest results was determined by flower-leaf parts of C.morifolium, stem of C.indicum and stem – leaf of C.maximum.In the antifungal test of Isatis and Chrysanthemum spp. the flower and leaf parts showed the highest results as the following order I. buschiana > I. lusitanica > I. tinctoria and C. morifolium > C. maximum > C. indicum.In addition to the given results, the alkaloid, glycoside, phenols & flavonoids were determined in I. tinctoria, I. buschiana and C. morifolium. For chemical compound test, Indigo displayed the highest value (1238.98 ppm) for alkaloid test in I. buschiana flower part . However, for glycoside compound the gluconapin showed the maximum value I. tinctoria leaf (325.07 ppm). Additionally, for phenols & flavonoids compound, coumarins showed the highest results in I. buschiana flower part (439.50 ppm). 156

The continuous increase in big data applications, in number and types, creates new challenges that should be tackled by the green ICT community. Big data is mainly characterized by 4 Vs volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. Each V poses a number of challenges that have implications on the energy efficiency of the underlying networks carrying the big data. Addressing the veracity of the data is a more serious challenge to data scientists, since they need to distinguish between the meaningful data and the dirty data. In this article, we investigate the impact of big data veracity on greening IP by developing a Mixed Integer Linear Programming, MILP, model that encapsulates the distinctive features of veracity. In our analyses, the big data network was greened by cleansing the raw big data before processing and then progressively processing the cleansed big data at strategic locations, dubbed processing nodes, PNs. The PNs are built into the network along the path from the sources to the centralized datacenters. At each PN, the cleansed data was processed and smaller volume of useful information was extracted progressively, thereby, reducing the network power consumption. Furthermore, a backup for the cleansed data was stored in an optimally selected Backup Node, BN. We evaluated the network power saving that can be achieved by a green big data network compared to the classical non-progressive approach. We obtained up to 52 percent network power savings, on average, in the green big data approach compared to the classical approach.

This study was based on the descriptive analytical method, which was a group of companies producing medicines in all of Iraq, which number up to the preparation of the study (18) companies, The sample of the study was taken from these companies in a simple random sample (12) companies. The sampling unit consisted of the assistance of the general managers of the company and the heads of the departments. The number of them was (78). The study found a set of results of which, there is a statistically significant effect of organizational learning on the quality of the creative performance of staff to general managers and heads department. Based on the findings of the study were presented a set of recommendations was the most prominent, the medicine manufacturers to adopt modern management concepts, especially organizational learning to become able to adapt and harmony with the environmental challenges. To overcome difficulties in front of the heads of departments and provide information and sources of knowledge ample to enable them to achieve creative performance