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Stalinistična tema, ki je posebna predvsem za rusko literaturo 20. stoletja,najde odziv tudi v delih tujih avtorjev. V sodobni slovenski dramatiki se je k temu groznemu času sovjetske zgodovine obračal Rudi Šeligo. Njegova politična drama Ana (1984), ki prikazuje tragično usodo poklicne revolucionarke iz Jugoslavije v Sovjetski zvezi ob koncu 30. let, je bila uprizorjena še pred prvo rusko gledališko uspešnico na to temo - igro Strma pot (1989) po romanu Jevgenije Ginzburg. The theme of Stalinism that is most particular to the Russian literature of the 20th century finds response in the works of foreign authors. In the modern Slovene drama, this terrible period of Soviet history has explored by Rudi Šeligo. His political play Ana (1984), showing the tragic fate of a professional revolutionary from Yugoslavia in the Soviet Union in the late 1930s was staged before the first Russian theatrical hit on this theme - the play A Steep Road (1989), based on the novel by Jevgenija Ginzburg.

Objectives To assay salivary anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and its isotypes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate relevant clinical associations. Methods Saliva samples were collected from SLE patients and assayed for salivary ANA using immunofluorescence (IF). Isotypes of salivary ANA, including IgG-ANA, IgA-ANA, and IgM-ANA, were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations between clinical parameters and levels of salivary ANA and isotypes were evaluated. Results Salivary ANA IF intensities were significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls, irrespective of SLE patient disease activity, and strongly correlated with serum ANA titers. Salivary ANA was detected in 67.14% of SLE patients and 10.00% of healthy controls (p Conclusion Salivary ANA levels correlate with serum ANA titer, and salivary IgM-ANA and IgG-ANA correlate variably with PGA, SLEDAI, ESR and complement levels. These findings underscore the potential of using salivary ANA and ANA isotypes as surrogates for serum ANA, particularly for future point-of-care applications since saliva is easier to obtain than blood.

This study was performed of evaluate the presence of auto antibodies and hypercoagulability in subjects with β -thalassemia major. Subjects (60) with – β-thalassemia major were involved in the current work. History background, clinical tests and laboratory investigation including anti-cardiolipin antibodies anti-histone antibodies, ANA and anti-erythropoietin antibodies by ELISA, Ferritin by Cobas e411, protein S, protein C, and anti-thromobin III anti-bodies via ELISA. Findings of the study showed that there is elevated frequency of auto-antibodies in thalassemia major subjects, ANA was positive in 13.3% of cases, anti-histone antibodies was positive in 3.3% of cases, anti-cardiolipin antibodies in 15% and ant erythropoietin in 93.3% of cases. Protein C activity was deficient in 26.6% and protein S was deficient in deficient anti-thrombin III activity. Such abnormalities were not of significance associated to the HCV infection state or to the chelation type if subcutaneous or oral. Deficiency of protein C significantly existed in elder subjects.

El 6 de mayo de 2021 se conmemoró el centenario del fallecimiento de Ana Aguado, una de las voces que más cantó por y para Cuba. Es en el período de las luchas por la independencia, en el que Ana, encontrándose en la emigración, impuso su gallardía en medio de una época plagada de corrientes no siempre a favor del liderazgo fe - menino. Sin embargo su espíritu de patriotismo – no el del patrioterismo barato al cual se refería Varela como peligro de consignas oportunistas, - marcó no solo a la música de la región cienfueguera y cubana en los finales del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX, sino a la pedagogía musical de la isla, al fundar uno de los primeros institutos vocales con los que contó el país a partir de nuevas concepciones y métodos. Traer al presente este estudio, implica, más que recordar, sellar una historia para la memoria.

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el enraizamiento de estacas de Croton urucurana Baill., Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. y Paullinia elegans Cambess conocidas en Argentina como “Sangre de drago” (SD), “Horquetero” (TC) y “Ojo de muneca” (PE), respectivamente. Se recolectaron 200 estacas lenosas por especie; una vez defoliadas se aplico acido naftalen acetico (ANA) en las siguientes dosis: 0, 1000, 2500 y 3500 mg.L-1 en SD y TC y 0, 500, 1000 y 2500 mg.L-1 en PE. Se evaluo la formacion y calidad de raices y el diametro de las estacas a la altura del cuello (DAC). En SD las dosis de ANA ≥1000 mg.L-1 aumentaron la probabilidad de enraizamiento de 0,36 a 0,71. En PE hubo baja probabilidad de enraizamiento (0,13) independientemente de la dosis de ANA, pero aumento en funcion del DAC. No se observo formacion de raices en TC. La calidad de enraizamiento no fue afectada por la diferentes dosis de ANA, pero si el DAC en SD. EnglishEffect of NAA concentrations on rooting of hardwood cuttings of Croton urucurana Baill., Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. and Paullinia elegans Cambess. The objective of this work was to evaluate the rooting potential of “Sangre de Drago” (SD: Croton urucurana Baill.), “Horquetero” (TC: Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC.) and “Ojo de muneca” (PE: Paullinia elegans Cambess.) cuttings by immersion in 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Two hundred cuttings without leaves per species were collected and immersed in 0, 1000, 2500 and 3500 ppm of NAA (for SD and TC) and 0, 500, 1000 and 2500 ppm of NAA for PE. At the end of the rooting period the following variables were registered on each cutting; the presence of roots, diameter at the base of the cutting (DAC) and rooting quality. Rooting probability was highest (0.76) for NAA than control (0.36) on SD cuttings. The rooting probability was very low on PE regardless of the NAA dose (0.13) but was directly proportional to the DAC. Root formation was not observed on TC, regardless of the NAA dose nor DAC. Rooting quality was unaffected by NAA dose but highly related to DAC in SD.

IntroductionViral infections have been implicated in the initiation of the autoimmune diseases. Recent reports suggest that a proportion of patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease with multiple organ injuries. We evaluated the relationship between COVID-19 severity, prevalence and persistence of antinuclear and other systemic and organ specific autoantibodies as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection specific anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG antibodies and protective neutralizing antibody (Nab) levels.MethodsSamples from 119 COVID-19 patients categorized based on their level of care and 284 healthy subjects were tested for the presence and persistence of antinuclear and other systemic and organ specific autoantibodies as well as SARS-CoV-2 and neutralizing antibody levels.ResultsThe data shows significantly increased levels of anti RNP-A, anti-nucleocapsid and neutralizing antibody among patients receiving ICU care compared to non-ICU care. Furthermore, subjects receiving ICU care demonstrated significantly higher nucleocapsid IgG levels among the RNP-A positive cohort compared to RNP-A negative cohort. Notably, the expression of anti RNP-A antibodies is transient that reverts to non-reactive status between 20 and 60 days post symptom onset.ConclusionsCOVID-19 patients in ICU care exhibit significantly higher levels of transient RNP-A autoantibodies, anti-nucleocapsid, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies compared to patients in non-ICU care.

En el presente documento se evidenciará todas aquellas experiencias que el estudiante adquirió durante el proceso y las labores que el estudiante realizó siendo parte de ASOPALMAR, la cual es considerada una de las empresas lideres en comercialización y producción de productos en el sector de grasas y aceites a nivel nacional. Adicionalmente se evidencia como el estudiante puso en práctica conocimientos que adquirió durante la carrera y en la forma que estos previos conocimientos facilitaron la gestión y el trabajo en la empresa, sobre todo en momentos de dificultades donde el estudiante debía adaptarse, investigar y reformular soluciones óptimas para estos. Finalmente, demostrar que el estudiante hizo una excelente participación y trabajo en su labor como practicante, cumpliendo con los estándares y dejando en alto el nombre de la universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino como institución educativa. In this document it will show all those experiences that the student acquired during the process and the work that the student performed being part of ASOPALMAR, which is considered one of the leading companies in marketing and production of products in the sector of fats and oils nationwide. Additionally, it is evident how the student put into practice the knowledge acquired during the career and how this previous knowledge facilitated the management and work in the company, especially in times of difficulties where the student had to adapt, investigate and reformulate optimal solutions for these. Finally, demonstrate that the student made an excellent participation and work in his work as an intern, meeting the standards and leaving high the name of the university Santo Tomas de Aquino as an educational institution. Profesional en Negocios Internacionales http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacion Pregrado

Background and Objectives: The heterogeneity of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) lies within its diverse symptoms and severity, ranging from mild to lethal. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a leading cause of mortality in COVID-19 patients, characterized by a hyper cytokine storm. Autoimmunity is proposed to occur as a result of COVID-19, given the high similarity of the immune responses observed in COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigate the level of autoimmune antibodies in COVID-19 patients with different severities. Results: Initial screening for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) IgG using ELISA revealed that 1.58% (2/126) and 4% (5/126) of intensive care unit (ICU) COVID-19 cases expressed strong and moderate ANA levels, respectively. An additional sample was positive with immunofluorescence assays (IFA) screening. However, all the non-ICU cases (n=273) were ANA negative using both assays. Samples positive for ANA were further confirmed with large-scale autoantibody screening by phage immunoprecipitation-sequencing (PhIP-Seq). The majority of the ANA-positive samples showed "speckled" ANA pattern by microscopy and revealed autoantibody specificities that targeted proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, metabolism, apoptotic processes, and cell death by PhIP-Seq; further denoting reactivity to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Conclusion: Our results further support the notion of routine screening for autoimmune responses in COVID-19 patients, which might help improve disease prognosis and patient management. Further, results provide compelling evidence that ANA-positive individuals should be excluded from being donors for convalescent plasma therapy in the context of COVID-19. This study was supported by funds from QNRF, grant # NPRP11S-1212-170092.

Anti-dense fine speckled 70 (DFS70) is known as a non-systemic autoimmune marker. It is only found in 1% of systemic autoimmune patients and 2–22% in healthy population. To the best of our knowledge, no anti-DFS70 positive has been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with primary billiary cholangitis (PBC) comorbidities. We reported a 40-year-old woman that was diagnosed with SLE 1-month before, came to the hospital due to seven days of fatigue, loss of appetite, icteric, arthralgia, hair loss, and unexplained fever. Total bilirubin was 9.46 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 7.73 mg/dl, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) 503 U/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 520 U/L, ANA-IF 1:1000, ANA-profile measurement borderline on the anti-centromere B, and three positives on the DFS70. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) shown the PBC feature. After ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy 250 mg twice daily, ALP and GGT backed to normal limits within two months. This case reminds the doctor that anti-DFS70 finding in SLE needs further evaluation, whether other nonsystemic autoimmune exist or not. Concomitant PBC with SLE well responded with UDCA standard therapy.

1917 Ekim Devrimi, Rus tarihi açısından önemli dönüm noktalarından biridir. Bu süreçte yaşanan gelişmelerden etkilenen birçok Rus yazar, Ekim Devrimi ve onun sonuçları üzerine eserler kaleme almıştır. Maksim Gorkiy ise devrimin nedenlerini ve olası sonuçlarını 1900’lü yılların hemen başlarında kâğıda dökmeye başlamış, yaşanacak gelişmeler üzerinde etki bırakmaya çalışmıştır. Yazarın çalışmalarından en önemlisi, devrimin başucu eserlerinden sayılan Ana adlı romanıdır. Gorkiy, romanında yaklaşan fırtınanın sesinin duyulmasına yardım etmekle kalmaz, bizzat fırtınayı çağırır. Ancak devrimin gerçekleşmesinin ardından Rusya’da yaşanan gelişmeler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Gorkiy’in romanında yer verdiği görüşlerinin gerçeklerle çeliştiği ortaya çıkar ve halk için zorlu günler kaçınılmaz olur. Devrim propagandasıyla ünlenen yazar dahi, 1917 yılından sonra devrimi ciddi bir biçimde eleştirmeye başlar. Yalnızca Gorkiy değil diğer Rus yazarlar da nerede yanlış yapıldığı sorusuna sessizce yanıt arar. Çalışmamız kapsamında bu arayışlara farklı bir bakış açısı geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Gorkiy’in Ana romanında yer verdiği devrim düşünceleriyle, Atatürk’ün halkçılık görüşleri karşılaştırmalı inceleme yöntemiyle ve eleştirel yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Demokrasi, eşitlik, adalet ve özgürlük karşılaştırma ölçütleri olarak benimsenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda sınıfsızlık, eşitlik ve dayanışma ile halkın yönetime ve denetime katılması olarak sayılan Atatürk’ün halkçılık anlayışının üç önemli sacayağına Ekim Devrimi sürecinde yeterince önem verilmediği tespit edilmiştir. Ana romanındaki devrim çağrısı ve 1917 sonrasında yaşananlar düşünüldüğünde Atatürk halkçılığının evrenselliğinin önemi ve Gorkiy’in romanında çizdiği ideal Rus devrimi portresi ile olan benzerlikleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme ışığında Gorkiy’in Ana romanının 1917 Ekim Devrimi’nin değil ideal Rus devriminin başucu eserlerinden biri, devrimin ideal felsefesinin de Atatürk halkçılığının ilkeleri olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.., The October Revolution of 1917 is one of the significant turning points in Russian history. Many Russian writers, affected by the developments in this process, wrote their works on the October Revolution and its results. Maxim Gorky, on the other hand, began to write down the causes and possible consequences of the revolution in the early 1900s and tried to have an impact on upcoming developments. The most important of the author’s works is his novel "Mother", which is considered one of the reference works of the revolution. In his novel, Gorky not only helps to hear the sound of the approaching storm but also calls the storm himself. However, considering the developments in Russia after the realization of the revolution, it is revealed that Gorky’s views in his novel contradict the facts, and difficult days become inevitable for the public. Even the writer, who is famous for his revolutionary propaganda, begins to severely criticize the revolution after 1917. Not only Gorky, but also other Russian writers silently seek an answer to the question of where the mistake was made. Within the scope of our study, it is aimed to develop a different perspective on these searches. In accordance with this purpose, the revolutionary ideas in Gorky’s novel "Mother" and Ataturk’s views on populism were discussed with the comparative analysis method and critical approach. Democracy, freedom, equality and justice were adopted as comparison criteria. As a result of the examination, it was determined that the three key elements of Ataturk’s understanding of populism called classlessness, equality and solidarity, enabling the common people to participate in management and control, were not attached adequate importance during the October Revolution. Taking into consideration the call for revolution in the novel “Mother” and the events that took place after 1917, the importance of the universality of Ataturk's populism and its similarities with the ideal portrait of the Russian revolution that Gorky drew in his novel were clarified. In the light of the examination, it was concluded that Gorky’s novel "Mother" was not one of the bedside works of the 1917 October Revolution, but of the ideal Russian revolution, and that the ideal philosophy of the revolution consisted of the principles of Ataturk's populism.

No Brasil, a quantidade de estações pluviométricas em superfície ainda é baixa e não é o suficiente para representar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação em todo o território. Logo, uma boa opção para suprir essa insuficiência de dados é a utilização de estimativas de precipitação por satélites. Sendo assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo validar, por meio de métodos estatísticos, a precipitação diária estimada pelo satélite Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Sapucaí, utilizando quatro metodologias: ponto a pixel – dados originais, sem passar por nenhum processamento; pixel a ponto – dados do satélite com viés removido; pixel a pixel – dados da estação interpolados; média na área – média nas subáreas do Alto, Médio e Baixo Sapucaí. Os dados utilizados na validação foram provenientes de estações pluviométricas da Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico (ANA). Os resultados encontrados para a metodologia ponto a pixel para a série completa, verão e inverno, indicaram a existência de uma correlação média moderada, com erros variando da magnitude de 3 a 10 mm dia-1 e com uma tendência média de superestimativa do GPM em relação aos dados da ANA. O mesmo ocorreu para o método pixel a ponto, onde os resultados foram muito semelhantes, além disso, observou-se uma correção na frequência de precipitação por meio dessa metodologia. O método pixel a pixel apresentou resultados estatísticos mais altos, comparado aos anteriores, e ainda aumentou a cobertura de dados em superfície. No entanto, a metodologia de média na área foi a que obteve os melhores resultados: correlação alta, coeficiente de determinação acima de 60% e magnitude de erros mais baixos. No geral, em ambos os casos o GPM apresentou uma tendência média de superestimativa dos dados da ANA, porém se mostrou viável na utilização em estudos, principalmente como forma de suprir a necessidade de dados em locais sem registros. In Brazil, the number of rainfall stations on the surface is still low and is not enough to represent the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall throughout the territory. Therefore, a good option to overcome this lack of data is the use of satellite precipitation estimates. Therefore, this study aimed to validate, through statistical methods, the daily precipitation estimated by the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite for the Sapucaí River Basin, using four methodologies: point by pixel - original data, without going through no processing; pixel to point – debiased satellite data; pixel by pixel – interpolated station data; average in the area – average in the sub-areas of Alto, Medio and Baixo Sapucaí. The data used in the validation came from rainfall stations of the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (ANA). The results found for the point to-pixel methodology for the complete series, summer and winter, indicated the existence of a moderate average correlation, with errors varying from magnitude of 3 to 10 mm day-1 and with an average tendency to overestimate the GPM in in relation to ANA data. The same occurred for the pixel-to-point method, where the results were very similar, in addition, a correction in the precipitation frequency was observed through this methodology. The pixel-by-pixel method presented higher statistical results, compared to the previous ones, and even increased the surface data coverage. However, the averaging methodology in the area was the one that obtained the best results: high correlation, coefficient of determination above 60% and lower magnitude of errors. Overall, in both cases the GPM showed an average tendency to overestimate the ANA data, but it proved to be viable for use in studies, mainly as a way to meet the need for data in places without records.

MEd (Curriculum Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus Learners’ academic achievement is determined according to their ability to read with comprehension. In this study, a group of Grade 8 Science learners was unable to read with comprehension at first, preventing them from reading and understanding multimodal texts on their own. According to the research objectives of this study, the integration of multimodal reading, viewing and learning strategies is a tool for Grade 8 Natural Science learners and can set guidelines for Grade 8 Natural Science teachers to teach Grade 8 Natural Science learners to be self-directed readers and learners. A thorough literature review was conducted using the key terms and phrases of the study. The present reading problem in South Africa is caused by learners’ poor reading comprehension, which results in poor academic achievement. The findings of several assessment bodies, such as the ANA, PIRLS, TIMSS and PISA, were analysed to estimate the level of literacy and numeracy of South African learners. Reading comprehension issues were investigated, and it is shown that they are caused by a lack of reading comprehension instruction in learners’ native language, as well as a variety of sociocultural variables. The CAPS for Afrikaans Home Language Grades 7 to 9 was studied, and it was discovered that teaching language skills is essential for academic performance. Reading and viewing strategies were examined and integrated to determine the possible success thereof. Furthermore, the CAPS for Natural Science Grades 7 to 9 indicates that Grade 8 Natural Science learners are presented with a variety of domains of knowledge connected to specific subjects in the FET phase. As a result, it is critical for Grade 8 learners to be familiar with these courses in order to make subject selections in Grade 9 that will affect their career choice. It is also crucial to look at how the brain works to see how in-depth learning happens so that learners can recall knowledge when they need it. During the lesson series, different learning styles were examined and taken into account to see whether learners prior knowledge, interests and skills were addressed. The constructivist teaching-learning philosophy, which is based on scaffolding and implies that the instructional events build on one another, was used to create the lesson series. Multimodality was investigated so that Natural Science learners can understand multimodal texts by using integrated techniques in order to help them become self-directed readers and learners. The relationship between self-directed reading and learning has been thoroughly explored, and it has been discovered that self- directed reading leads to self-directed learning. The cognitive development phase of adolescent learners was researched to determine what type of thinking learners use to comprehend the world around them. Within the interpretivist research paradigm, the study used a qualitative research technique. A variety of data-gathering techniques and convenience sampling were employed. The data-collecting techniques of the study were based on a content and thematic analysis of a complete literature review and documents, from which topics that curriculated the lesson series emerged. In addition, the effectiveness of the study was determined by analysing the eight learner-centred lessons and observation checklists, pre-journal entries, reflective post-journal entries and the pre- and post-tests. Through the purposeful support of integrated reading, viewing and learning techniques, this study makes a significant contribution to the development of a group of Grade 8 Natural Science learners into self-directed readers and learners. Furthermore, the teacher researcher offers suggestions for Grade 8 Natural Science teachers so that integrated multimodal reading, viewing and learning strategies can aid in developing Grade 8 Natural Science learners into self-directed readers and learners. Masters

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Nowadays, the importance of detection of myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) and myositis-associated antibodies (MAA) in diagnosis and in delineating disease subsets of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is highly acknowledged by IIM experts. Consequently, MSA/MAA are increasingly integrated in expert-based myositis (sub)classification criteria as well as in routine diagnostics. In contrast, MSA/MAA are under-represented in data-based (sub)classification criteria, mostly related to the lack of sufficient data on the wide spectrum of MSA/MAA in large multicenter cohorts. Unfortunately, the current commercially available assays to detect MSA/MAA show variable analytical and clinical performance characteristics. This challenges the design of prospective multicenter studies on MSA/MAA as well as the optimization of their routine clinical use. Additional validation studies and continuous harmonization initiatives on MSA/MAA detection from the pre-analytical to the post-analytical phase (e.g. from defining request criteria to guidelines for reporting), will be needed to overcome these hurdles. To speed up this process, we encourage close collaborations between IIM clinical experts, laboratory professionals and diagnostic companies. ispartof: JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL AUTOIMMUNITY vol:5 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

Metaphor is a well-studied area in linguistics and outside the linguistic scope. It has been widely examined as a reflection of our understanding of the outside world specifically after Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Kövecses (2002). In Turkish literature, it has either been studied on literary texts or on the intuitive productions of native speakers. In order to understand the conceptualization of motherhood and fatherhood in Turkish, the purpose of this study is to seek answers for the following questions. The first one is about what the salient metaphors about motherhood and fatherhood in Turkish are and the second is about what the similar and different aspects of these two metaphors in terms of their source domains are. For these purposes in mind, TUD v3.0 was used as the source of natural language data in Turkish and WebCorpLive as the complementary real-time linguistic data. The concordance lines about the two concepts were gathered in a database, unrelated uses were deleted, and metaphoric uses were revealed examining the co-occurrences. The overall results were interpreted comparing the findings for each concept. Based on the original Turkish metaphors of motherhood and fatherhood show that there are similarities as well as differences in the conceptualizations of Turkish native speakers. It is observed that metaphors specific to motherhood seem to refer to a dynamic process whereas metaphors of fatherhood have a more static and punctual implication., Metafor dilbilim ve dilbilim dışı hem yabancı hem Türkçe alanyazında çok geniş yer bulmuş bir konudur. Özellikle Lakoff ve Johnson (1980) ile Kövecses (2002) sonrasında dış dünyayı anlamlandırış biçimimizin önemli dilsel göstergeleri olarak sıkça tartışılmıştır. Türkçe alanyazında ağırlıklı olarak yazınsal metinler ve anadili konuşucularına ürettirilen metaforlar çerçevesinde incelemeler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı annelik ve babalık kavramlarının Türkçede nasıl kavramsallaştırıldığını anlamak üzere iki araştırma sorusunu yanıtlamaktır. Bunlardan ilki Türkçede annelik ve babalık kavramlarına ilişkin öne çıkan metaforların neler olduğu, ikincisi ise bu kullanımların, kavramsal alanlar açısından ne yönleriyle benzeşmekte ya da ayrışmakta olduğudur. Bu amaçla doğal dil verisine erişim için TUD v3.0 ve gerçek zamanlı güncel dilsel veri için tamamlayıcı kaynak olarak WebCorp Live’dan yararlanılmıştır. İlgili kavramlara ilişkin bağımlı dizinler bir araya getirilerek bir veritabanı oluşturulmuş , ilgisiz kullanımlar ayıklanmış ve sıklıkla birlikte bulunuşlar incelenerek özgün kavramsal metaforlar belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, annelik ve babalık kavramları için karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. Türkçe anadili konuşucularının kavramsallaştırmaları bağlamında, annelik ve babalık kavramlarına ilişkin metaforların bir bölümü benzerlik göstermekte, bir bölümü ise ayrışmaktadır. Anneliğe özgü metaforların devingen bir süreç anlatımına sahip iken, babalık metaforlarının daha durağan ve noktasal sezdirimleri olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

In this paper, a novel swarm intelligent algorithm is proposed called ant nesting algorithm (ANA). The algorithm is inspired by Leptothorax ants and mimics the behavior of ants searching for positions to deposit grains while building a new nest. Although the algorithm is inspired by the swarming behavior of ants, it does not have any algorithmic similarity with the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. It is worth mentioning that ANA is considered a continuous algorithm that updates the search agent position by adding the rate of change (e.g., step or velocity). ANA computes the rate of change differently as it uses previous, current solutions, fitness values during the optimization process to generate weights by utilizing the Pythagorean theorem. These weights drive the search agents during the exploration and exploitation phases. The ANA algorithm is benchmarked on 26 well-known test functions, and the results are verified by a comparative study with genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), dragonfly algorithm (DA), five modified versions of PSO, whale optimization algorithm (WOA), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and fitness dependent optimizer (FDO). ANA outperformances these prominent metaheuristic algorithms on several test cases and provides quite competitive results. Finally, the algorithm is employed for optimizing two well-known real-world engineering problems: antenna array design and frequency-modulated synthesis. The results on the engineering case studies demonstrate the proposed algorithm's capability in optimizing real-world problems., 31 pages

Results of the anti-nuclear antibodies-indirect immunofluorescence assay (anti-cell antibodies test) on HEp-2 cell substrates should be communicated to clinicians in a standardized way, adding value to laboratory findings and helping with critical clinical decisions. This paper proposes a test report based on the practices informed by 118 laboratories in 68 countries, with recommendations from the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) group. Major focus is placed on the report format containing endpoint titers, immunofluorescence patterns together with anti-cell (AC) nomenclature, remarks on follow-up or reflex testing, and possible other autoantibody associations. ISO 15,189 directives were integrated into the test report. Special situations addressed include serum screening dilutions and endpoint titers, relevance of immunofluorescence patterns with special attention to cytoplasmic patterns, mixed and compound patterns, and how to report different titers corresponding to multiple patterns or autoantibodies in the same sample. This paper suggests a subtitle for the HEp-2-IIFA, namely anti-cell antibodies test, which could gradually substitute the original outdated ANA nomenclature. This ICAP pro forma report represents a further step in harmonizing the way relevant clinical information could be provided by laboratories.

Background: The heterogeneity of COVID-19 lies within its diverse symptoms and severity, ranging from mild to lethal. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been shown to be the leading cause of mortality in COVID-19 patients, characterized by a hyper cytokine storm. Autoimmunity is proposed to occur as a result of COVID-19, given the high similarity of the immune responses observed in COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. Results: Here, we investigate the level of autoimmune antibodies in COVID-19 patients with different severities. Initial screening for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) IgG revealed that 1.6% (2/126) and 4% (5/126) of ICU COVID-19 cases developed strong and moderate ANA levels, respectively. However, all the non-ICU cases (n = 273) were ANA negative. The high ANA level was confirmed by immunofluorescence (IFA) and large-scale autoantibody screening by phage immunoprecipitation-sequencing (PhIP-Seq). Indeed, the majority of the samples showed "speckled" ANA pattern by microscopy, and we demonstrate that samples of ICU patients with strong and moderate ANA levels contain autoantibody specificities that predominantly targeted proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, metabolism, apoptotic processes, and cell death; further denoting reactivity to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Conclusion:Our results further support the notion of routine screening for autoimmune responses in COVID-19 patients, which might help improve disease prognosis and patient management. Further, results provide compelling evidence that ANA-positive individuals should be excluded from being donors for convalescent plasma therapy in the context of Covid-19.

The most frequently mentioned woman in the literary work of Stefan the First-Crowned is the Blessed Virgin, a God pleasing role model whose pursuit leads to the salvation of the soul. She was also a role model to his father, Stefan Nemanja. In addition, she was at the same time the most common example of a role model of mother followed by all mothers, as well as his mother Ana and his grandmother. His father's mother was mentioned but remained nameless. Of the other roles of a woman, in the centre of his attention was the wife of a husband. The context in which he mentioned her was the matrimonial law-penalties for unlawful marriage, unlawful dissolution of marriage, an adulterous woman, and forbidden marriage with sister-in-law. However, no mention was made of the obligations of parents, of a mother towards children, or of the adult children towards mothers. It must be noted that he did not talk much about a woman as a mother, though he did provide some information. It was fragmentary information about the mother-in-law, the widow, but there is no information about a woman-sister, woman-daughter, which is a striking testimony that he was not interested in these aspects of a woman. Apparently, he was only interested in a woman as a God-pleasing role model, among other things, God-pleasing mothers also in the sense of regulating marital relations.

Objective: To evaluate the value of autoantibody and viral serologic examinations in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke and their effect on the course of treatment. Materials and Methods: Patients who were admitted to the neurology clinic between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were screened for autoantibodies including anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-dsDNA, and viral serology including Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. The study cohort was grouped as the MS group, stroke group, and “other” diseases group (e.g. polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, dementia, headache, epilepsy). The data from all the groups were further analyzed to determine whether these tests provided an increase in diagnostic performance. Results: Among the autoantibody and viral serologic tests, the most commonly used test was ANA (71 cases in the MS group, 160 cases in the stroke group, and 482 cases in the other diseases group). All test reports, based on positivity/negativity, did not lead to any change in the initial diagnosis of the disease and the treatment strategy in all groups. Conclusion: Information obtained from autoantibody and viral serologic tests does not affect the diagnosis of MS and stroke. Performing these tests for routine screening is considered worthless unless there is an important finding regarding clinical disease.

Este artigo identificou as prováveis interferências ocorridas na prática docente dos profissionais que atuam no Bloco Inicial de Alfabetização (BIA), influenciadas pela Avaliação Nacional da Alfabetização (ANA). A ANA objetiva aferir o nível de alfabetização e letramento em Língua Portuguesa e Matemática dos estudantes concluintes do ciclo do BIA. Foi instituída em 2013, pelo Ministério da Educação para acompanhar a eficácia do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), compromisso formal e solidário assumido pelos governos Federal, do Distrito Federal, dos Estados e dos Municípios, desde 2012. Para esta pesquisa foi realizado estudo de caso de escola da rede pública de Brasília - Distrito Federal (DF). Para compor a pesquisa, foram coletados dados por meio de questionário aplicado somente aos professores do BIA. Para análise e interpretação dos dados foi realizada pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, estudo exploratório e análise documental. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar que a ANA tem se constituído em uma ferramenta indutora de práticas docentes.

Autoimmune obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the context of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) has been observed for decades. The first cases of autoimmune OCD in adulthood were recently described. An association between obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and systemic autoimmune diseases in the form of connective tissue disease has also been reported. However, whether an association exists between OCD and sarcoidosis is unknown.Here, the authors present an end 20-year-old female patient with symptoms of OCD in whom an advanced diagnostic work-up revealed inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes (elevated IgG index, CSF-specific oligoclonal bands, intrathecal IgG synthesis, and a positive MRZ reaction). In tissue-based assays using unfixed mouse brain sections, both serum and CSF showed a distinct antinuclear antibody pattern with perinuclear staining. Electroencephalography identified frontocentral theta spindles. Upon endobronchial-guided lymph node biopsy demonstrating non-caseating lymph nodes in further work-up, sarcoidosis was diagnosed. Levels of the sarcoidosis parameters IL-2-R and neopterin were increased. Under immunotherapy for sarcoidosis, the OCS seemed to improve.This case study is paradigmatic, as an association between sarcoidosis and OCD has not been previously reported. After exclusion of alternative causes, the inflammatory CSF changes would be compatible with an inflammatory brain involvement of sarcoidosis. Autoimmune OCD may occur more frequently than is thought, probably also in the context of neurosarcoidosis. This could open up new opportunities through immunotherapies in rare cases with OCD.

Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is the most common pediatric rheumatologic disorder with unknown etiology. Currently, no population-based data are available regarding the distribution of categories and frequency of uveitis in patients with JIA in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of JIA-associated uveitis (JIAU) and distribution of JIA categories in a Turkish JIA cohort. Methods This was a retrospective study of 500 randomized patients in four pediatric rheumatology clinics in Turkey. Results Oligoarticular JIA (oJIA) was the most common JIA disease category in this study cohort (38.8%). The frequencies of the other categories were as follows: enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA), 23.2%; rheumatoid factor (RF)–negative polyarthritis, 15.6%; systemic arthritis, 12.2%; juvenile psoriatic arthritis, 5.2%; undifferentiated arthritis, 2.8%; and RF-positive polyarthritis, 2.2%. JIA-associated uveitis was observed in 6.8% of patients at a mean (Standard Deviation, SD) age of 9.1 (3.8) years over a mean JIA disease duration of 4 (1.9) years. Uveitis developed after joint disease, with a mean (SD) duration of 1.8 (1.9) years. Patients with oJIA had the highest rate of uveitis (12.9%) followed by patients with ERA (5.2%) and polyarticular RF-negative disease (3.8%). Compared with persistent oJIA, the extended oJIA category had a > 3-fold higher risk of uveitis (11.3% vs 27.7%; odds ratio, 3.38 [95% Confidence Interval, 1.09–10.4]). The most frequently administered drug after development of uveitis was tumor necrosis factor–alpha inhibitors (38.2%). Five patients (14.7%) had uveitis-related complications that required surgical intervention. Conclusions Turkish pediatric patients with JIA experience a lower frequency of oJIA and higher frequency of ERA than their white European counterparts; the occurrence of uveitis is also somewhat lower than expected. Geographic and ethnic factors may affect these differences and need further investigation.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis is a disease process with a wide range of presentations, from asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic disease with positive laboratory testing, to florid acute end-organ damage. Consensus has not been established as to the frequency and/or protocol by which ANCA testing should be repeated. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman who initially came to medical attention with persistent dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates presumed to be due to acute exacerbation of chronic diastolic congestive heart failure. Extensive infectious disease testing was negative, but ANCA testing was positive. However, because antinuclear antibody (ANA) interference in the original sample rendered the test result difficult to interpret, the test was not repeated. The patient presented eight months after the initial hospitalization with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring intubation, with an ANCA titer of 1:1280 with a negative ANA titer, and renal biopsy-proven severe crescentic glomerulonephritis. In the discussion of our case, we review the importance of interpreting ANCA testing in the correct clinical context. The ANCA laboratory testing requires cautious interpretation, and diagnosed ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) requires vigilance for prompt and proactive treatment.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease that can affect almost every organ in the body. Its complications can often be fatal. The fatal complications include lupus cerebritis, lupus nephritis, and cardiac manifestations such as pericardial effusion. In this report, we discuss the case of a 23-year-old female who presented with complaints of high-grade fever, seizures, and altered mental state (AMS) and was found to have generalized lymphadenopathy (LAP). Various blood and urine analyses and radiological findings (chest X-ray, MRI of the head) were suggestive of lupus nephritis, lupus cerebritis, massive pericardial effusion, and thrombocytopenia. Her anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody was positive, and her pericardial fluid was positive for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs). She was administered IV glucocorticoids and phenytoin. She reported improvements in her symptoms gradually for a few days but eventually succumbed to the disease. Although generalized LAP is a rare initial presentation of SLE, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of the disease.

Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders, including all forms of arthritis, which develops in children who are less than 16 years old. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of JIA in a single center in Jordan. Methods A retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records of Pediatric patients diagnosed with JIA based on the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria during the period from 2015 to 2019 at the Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic in the Queen Rania Children’s Hospital. All patients were below the age of 14 years at the time of diagnosis and followed for at least 6 months. Collected data consisted of age, gender, age at initial presentation and diagnosis, JIA subtype, laboratory data, treatment options, and outcome. Results A total of 210 patients were included in this cohort (94 males and 116 females) with the mean age at diagnosis and mean age at onset of 5.33 ± 3.40 years and 5.08 ± 3.40 years (range: 7 months – 14 years), respectively. Oligoarticular JIA was the commonest subtype (54.7%), followed by systemic arthritis (17.1%) and polyarticular arthritis (12.3%). ANA was positive in 70 patients (33.6%). Uveitis occurred in 30 (14.2%) patients. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this study on this cohort is the first report on JIA in Jordan, in comparison with other regionally and internationally published reports. Oligoarticular JIA was found to be the most common subtype. For detailed knowledge on JIA characteristics and patterns, a population-based, rather than a single center study, should be conducted in Jordan.

Joining the growing list of airlines putting the IATA Travel Pass to the test, Kuwait-based low-cost carrier Jazeera Airways will trial the digital health passport for its flights as well. Joining carriers like Emirates, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, and more, the airline highlights that it will be the first budget airline in the region to adopt the application.

Objective To evaluate the perception of rheumatologists regarding the recommendations of the Brazilian Consensus for detection of Autoantibodies (BCA) on HEp-2 Cells by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and how BCA recommendations help in clinical practice. Methodology A structured questionnaire regarding the BCA recommendations for detection and interpretations of autoantibodies in HEp-2 cells was applied to randomly selected rheumatologists. The results were tabulated using the Microsoft® Excel program, expressed as a simple percentage and the dichotomous data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Epi Info® program. Results Four hundred fuorteen rheumatologists participated in the study: 70% of them considered their knowledge of the HEp-2 IFA test satisfactory or excellent, and 43% said they knew the BCA recommendations in general, without distinguishing the edition of the BCA to which they refer. The Revista Brasileira de Rheumatologia/Advances in Rheumatology was the means of dissemination most consulted by specialists (50%). According to the rheumatologists’ opinion, the most relevant pattern was the homogeneous nuclear (78%) and 65% stated they were satisfied with the BCA recommendations at a level of satisfaction greater than or equal to 80%. There was no significant difference in the perception of rheumatologists from the several Brazilian geographic regions. Conclusion Brazilian rheumatologists are aware of the BCA guidelines and most are satisfied with the content published, considering that the BCA recommendations assist positively in the clinical practice. Most rheumatologists recognize the patterns associated with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and have used BCA recommendations to interpret the results of the HEp-2 IFA test.

L’article retrace la présence d’un métadiscours sur l’anecdote qui double le discours anecdotique, et dévoile les stratégies scripturales que la polysémie du mot anecdote autorise. Il est montré que Nodier institue une signification qui lui permet de concevoir la création d’une manière inédite. Si l’anecdote circule à travers les genres, elle pose la problématique textuelle de la réécriture et de l’effacement énonciatif. Son potentiel pragmatique est l’un des ressorts de la création nodiérienne.

Current literature regarding systemic autoimmune diseases in X-chromosome aneuploidies is scarce and limited to case reports. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of anti-nuclear (ANAs), extractable nuclear (ENA), anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNAs), anti-smooth muscle (ASMAs) and anti-mitochondrial (AMAs) antibodies in a large cohort of adults with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS, 47,XXY) and rare higher-grade sex chromosome aneuploidies (HGAs) for the first time. Sera from 138 X-chromosome aneuploid patients [124 adult patients with 47,XXY KS and 14 patients with HGA (six children, eight adults)] and 50 age-matched 46,XY controls were recruited from the Sapienza University of Rome (2007–17) and tested for ANAs, ENAs, anti-dsDNAs, ASMAs and AMAs. Non-organ-specific immunoreactivity was found to be significantly higher in patients with 47,XXY KS (14%) than in the controls (2%, p = 0.002). Among all the antibodies investigated, only ANAs were observed significantly more frequently in patients with 47,XXY KS (12.1%) than in the controls (2%, p = 0.004). No anti-dsDNA immunoreactivity was found. Stratifying by testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), non-organ-specific autoantibody frequencies were higher in TRT-naive (p = 0.01) and TRT-treated groups than in controls. No patients with HGA were found positive for the various autoantibodies. Non-organ-specific autoantibodies were significantly present in 47,XXY adult patients. Conversely, HGAs did not appear to be target of non-organ-specific immunoreactivity, suggesting that KS and HGAs should be considered as two distinct conditions. The classification and diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases is frequently difficult. To support a correct clinical evaluation of KS disease and to prevent eventual secondary irreversible immune-mediated damages, we highlight the importance of screening for non-organ-specific autoimmunity in Klinefelter's syndrome.

Els trastorns de la conducta alimentària (TCA) han estat tractats de forma puntual pels mitjans de comunicació, sobretot, quan grans personalitats d´interès públic (i del públic) els pateixen; o quan alguns casos acaben en la mort del pacient. A més, existeixen una gran quantitat d´estereotips i desconeixement sobre aquestes patologies, degut a que els missatges transmeten una idea incorrecta i tampoc s´educa a l´audiència sobre aquest tema. Les informacions relacionades es simplifiquen en excés, unint el trastorn només a l´aspecte físic, i ignorant altres símptomes que tenen la mateixa importància com l´autoestima, el benestar emocional o l'acceptació social. Cal assenyalar la desinformació existent perquè afecta a la salut física i mental de les persones, provocant en molts casos el naixement d´aquestes patologies i ses conseqüències, i posar damunt la taula com s´ignora la difusió de missatges perillosos als mitjans de comunicació (tant convencionals com a Internet i noves plataformes). Professionals del món sanitari, de la comunicació i Internet, juntament amb testimonis d´aquells que han patit o pateixen un TCA aporten a aquest reportatge la informació veraç que es precisa, partint d'una experiència personal, un pols famolenc que duu molts anys treballant per eixir d'aquest món d'odi a un mateix.

Background & aims Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the second-line treatment approved for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and an inadequate response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of OCA under real-world conditions. Methods Patients were recruited into the Italian PBC Registry, a multicentre, observational cohort study that monitors patients with PBC at national level. The primary endpoint was the biochemical response according to Poise criteria; the secondary endpoint was the biochemical response according to normal range criteria, defined as normal levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at 12 months. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. Results We analysed 191 patients until at least 12 months of follow-up. Median age was 57 years, 94% female, 61 (32%) had cirrhosis, 28 (15%) had histologically proven overlap with autoimmune hepatitis (PBC-AIH). At 12 months, significant median reductions of ALP (-32.3%), ALT (-31.4%), and bilirubin (-11.2%) were observed. Response rates were 42.9% according to Poise criteria, and 11% by normal range criteria. Patients with cirrhosis had lower response than patients without cirrhosis (29.5% vs. 49.2%, p = 0.01), owing to a higher rate of OCA discontinuation (30% vs. 12%, p = 0.004), although with similar ALP reduction (29.4% vs. 34%, p = 0.53). Overlap PBC-AIH had a similar response to pure PBC (46.4% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.68), with higher ALT reduction at 6 months (-38% vs. -29%, p = 0.04). Thirty-three patients (17%) prematurely discontinued OCA because of adverse events, of whom 11 experienced serious adverse events. Treatment-induced pruritus was the leading cause of OCA discontinuation (67%). Conclusions Effectiveness and safety of OCA under real-world conditions mirror those in the Poise trial. Patients with cirrhosis had lower tolerability. Overlap PBC-AIH showed higher ALT reduction at 6 months compared with patients with pure PBC. Lay summary Obeticholic acid (OCA) was shown to be effective in more than one-third of patients not responding to ursodeoxycholic acid in a real-world context in Italy. Patients with cirrhosis had more side effects with OCA, and this led to suspension of the drug in one-third of patients. OCA was also effective in patients who had overlap between autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis., Graphical abstract, Highlights • Under real-world conditions, OCA was effective in ~43% of patients who were non-responders to UDCA, according to Poise criteria. • Patients with cirrhosis showed lower efficacy (29.5%), mainly attributed to reduced tolerability and higher discontinuation rate. • Patients with overlap AIH-PBC showed a comparable efficacy to pure PBC, with a higher ALT reduction at 6 months. • Most patients with PBC are still in need of additional therapy if aiming to normalise liver biochemistry.

The research was carried out on the MTai-8 variety of bitter or industrial cassava (Manihot sp.) At the field level cultivated in a locality of the middle Sinú of the Colombian Caribbean, with the objective of determining the response of this variety when subjecting propagules yucca to stimuli with different concentrations of the auxin biostimulant ANA applied in pre-planting. The investigation took six months, where destructive samplings were taken every month and, to this, a study of some of the physiotechnical indices was carried out, such as LAR, LAI, NAR, RGR and CGR, in the same way the performance in dry matter was evaluated of the crop. Before planting at field level, the cuttings were immersed for 15 minutes in auxin biostimulant, a product commercially known as Hormonagro® (ANA 17.2g / L). The concentrations of the biostimulant evaluated on the culture were 0 ppm (control in water), 100 ppm and 200 ppm. After this, a completely randomized block trial was set up. The effect of the treatments became visible from 60 DDS when the differentiation in the increase of the biomass of the organs began, showing clear significant differences between the treatments. Regarding the determination of LAR and LAI, the treatment of 100 ppm of auxin biostimulant is postulated as the treatment with the highest exposure of foliar area to radiation. The NAR, RGR, these indices show clear fluctuations which indicates the normal development of the crop for the three treatments; CGR shows that the 100 ppm treatment is the most effective treatment in terms of agronomic productivity. Everything that concerns crop yield during the six months after sowing shows that T2 or stimulating the cassava cuttings in pre-sowing with a concentration of 100 ppm of auxin biostimulant is the best treatment, since it induced the values to be obtained higher in terms of efficiency and production and accumulation of crop biomass. Finally, the application of auxins at 100 ppm to the cuttings of cassava variety MTai-8 in pre-planting, showed that the plants undergo greater differentiation and a better performance was shown in the development of the crop until 6 months of age. In addition to this, the results of this research suggest that the application of exogenous auxins should be continued at the field level, until more specific results are achieved. INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................14 1 DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA ..................................................................... 16 2 JUSTIFICACIÓN ........................................................................................... 18 3 MARCO TEÓRICO ......................................................................................20 3.1 YUCA ...................................................................................................... 20 3.2 ASPECTOS GENERALES .....................................................................21 3.2.1 DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA PLANTA ......................................................21 3.2.2 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA VARIEDAD MTAI-8 .............................. 22 3.3 REGULADOR DE CRECIMIENTO .......................................................... 22 3.3.1 FITORREGULADORES .................................................................... 23 3.4 AUXINAS ................................................................................................. 23 3.4.1 LAS AUXINAS, PRIMERAS FITOHORMONAS DESCUBIERTAS .... 23 3.4.2 EFECTOS FISIOLÓGICOS ............................................................... 24 3.4.3 ÁCIDO α-NAFTALENACÉTICO (ANA) Y SU USO EN LA AGRICULTURA ............................................................................................. 25 3.4.4 REPRODUCCIÓN ASEXUAL ........................................................... 25 3.5 HORMONAGRO ...................................................................................... 25 3.6 ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS ............................................................. 26 3.6.1 LAS SIEMBRAS EN COLOMBIA ...................................................... 27 3.6.2 PRODUCCIÓN DE YUCA INDUSTRIAL EN CÓRDOBA .................. 28 3.7 YUCA E INDUCTORES AUXÍNICOS ...................................................... 28 4 OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................. 30 4.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL .............................................................................30 4.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ....................................................................30 5 HIPÓTESIS ................................................................................................... 31 6 METODOLOGÍA ............................................................................................32 6.1 LOCALIZACIÓN ...................................................................................... 32 6.2 POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA ......................................................................32 6.3 VARIABLES ............................................................................................. 32 6.3.1 VARIABLES INDEPENDIENTES ......................................................32 6.3.2 VARIABLES DEPENDIENTES ..........................................................33 6.4 DISEÑO EXPERIMENTAL Y/O MUESTREO .......................................... 34 6.5 PROCEDIMIENTO ..................................................................................34 6.5.1 MANEJO AGROTÉCNICO ................................................................34 6.6 TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS DE PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS ..... 35 7 RESULTADOS .............................................................................................. 36 7.1 ÁREA FOLIAR ......................................................................................... 36 7.2 ÍNDICES FISIOTÉCNICOS .....................................................................38 7.3 PRODUCCIÓN DE PESO SECO ............................................................ 46 8 CONCLUSIONES ..........................................................................................54 9 RECOMENDACIONES .................................................................................. 55 REFERENCIAS ....................................................................................................56 ANEXOS .............................................................................................................. 62 La investigación se realizó en la variedad Mtai-8 de yuca amarga o industrial (Manihot sp.) a nivel de campo cultivada en una localidad del Sinú Medio del caribe colombiano, con el objetivo de determinar la respuesta de esta variedad al someter los propágulos de yuca a estímulos con distintas concentraciones del bioestimulante auxínico ANA aplicadas en presiembra. La investigación tomó seis meses, donde se tomaron muestreos destructivos cada mes y, a esto se le realizó estudio de algunos de los índices fisiotécnicos, como el RAF, IAF, TAN, TCR y TCC, de igual forma se evaluó el rendimiento en materia seca del cultivo. Antes de la siembra a nivel de campo, las estacas fueron sumergidas durante 15 minutos en bioestimulante auxínico, producto comercialmente conocido como Hormonagro® (ANA 17,2g/L). Las concentraciones del bioestimulante evaluadas sobre el cultivo fueron, 0 ppm (testigo en agua), 100 ppm y 200 ppm. Posterior a esto se montó en ensayo en bloques completamente azar. El efecto de los tratamientos, se hizo visibles a partir de los 60 DDS cuando inició la diferenciación en el incremento de la biomasa de los órganos, mostrando clara diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. En cuanto a la determinación de IAF y RAF el tratamiento de 100 ppm de bioestimulante auxínico se postula como el tratamiento con mayor exposición de área foliar a la radiación. La TAN, TCR, estos índices muestran claras fluctuaciones lo cual indica el desarrollo normal del cultivo para los tres tratamientos; TCC demuestra que el tratamiento de 100 ppm, es el tratamiento con mayor eficacia en cuanto a productividad agronómica. Todo Lo que concierne a rendimiento del cultivo durante los seis meses después de la siembra, demuestra que el T2 o estimular las estacas de yuca en presiembra con una concentración de 100 ppm de bioestimulante auxínico es el mejor tratamiento, ya que indujo a obtener los valores más altos en cuanto a eficiencia y, producción y acumulación de biomasa del cultivo. Finalmente, la aplicación de auxinas a 100 ppm a las estacas de yuca variedad Mtai-8 en presiembra, demostró que las plantas sufren una mayor diferenciación y se mostró un mejor rendimiento en el desarrollo del cultivo hasta los 6 meses de edad. Adicional a esto, los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que se debe continuar con la investigación de aplicación de auxinas exógenas a nivel de campo, hasta lograr resultados más precisos. Pregrado Ingeniero(a) Agronómico(a)

Background: Detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by different immunoassays (usually indirect fluorescence assay IFA) is the most common and sensitive screening test used for the diagnosis of many types of autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Moreover, a high titer of ANA can be frequently found in healthy individuals, making it not a very specific marker of autoimmunity. However, the information about the prevalence of these false positive ANA in a healthy individual is not well investigated around the world particularly in Asia and MENA region including Qatar. Objectives: The aim of this study was to (i) estimate the prevalence of ANA among male healthy individuals of local and expatriate communities residing in Qatar and (ii) to evaluate the performance of a new commercial ELISA kit using two quality control parameters; analytical sensitivity (endpoint titration) and positive predictive value (PPV). Methodology: Sera collected from a total of 2965 volunteer donors of age 18 years or older, attending Hamad Medical Corporation between 2013 and 2016, were used to test for the presence of ANA IgG using Bioprobes Srl microplate ELISA kits. All positive ELISA kit results were retested using the IFA IgG for the detection of ANA nuclear staining patterns. Results: ANA prevalence among the healthy population was 0.34%, as only 10 samples out of 2965 were positive by the ANA ELISA. An additional 12 borderline samples were also detected raising the prevalence to 0.74% (22/2965). The Irani nationals had the highest prevalence of ANA with 1.83%. About 70% of the samples had a nuclear-speckled staining pattern. ELISA kit showed excellent performance efficiency, i.e., similar titration score to IFA for positive samples and high PPV (100%). Conclusion: This is the first ANA comprehensive study in the MENA region with such a large sample size. According to literature and our own literature review, the average prevalence of ANA in healthy individuals in a different part of the world is usually about 3-15%; however, in Qatar, it is only 0.34%. We recommend using the new Dia. Pro ELISA kit for ANA screening as this kit showed high efficiency for detecting ANA in comparison to the gold standard IFA assay.

We are presenting a case of pericardial tumor in an elderly female patient who presented with low-grade fever, purpuric rashes all over the body, grittiness in the eyes, and dry mouth with decreased oral intake, night sweats, weight loss, chest pain, and dyspnea. She was diagnosed with Sjögren’s syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-ds-DNA), and anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies (SS-A/Ro) antibodies. Computerized tomography scan of the chest with contrast showed multiple calcified mediastinal lymph nodes and a well-defined solid cystic lesion adjacent to the left atrial appendage in favor of a pericardial tumor with minimal pericardial effusion. Biopsy could not be done due to the risk of cardiac tamponade and pneumothorax secondary sensitive location of the tumor. The patient was referred to the oncology and cardiothoracic surgery department for an opinion regarding resection of the tumor and further palliative management. This case is unique in a way that the current literature does not associate SLE with pericardial tumor, while our patient had no other primary malignancy or secondary metastasis ruled out on a positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

V magistrski nalogi z naslovom Eksegetska analiza Lk 1,26-38 in interpretacije odlomka pri razumevanju dogme o Marijinem vnebovzetju želi avtor pokazati, da Marijino »drugačno« soočenje z Božjim poslancem, drugačen strah, drugačne posledice oznanjenja, drugačno razmišljanje ob tako ključnem dogodku njenega življenja kot je sprejetje Besede, ki v njej postane meso …, morejo kazati tudi na njeno drugačno soočenje s smrtjo, o kateri govori dogma. Delo je tako razdeljeno na tri poglavja. Prvo poglavje zajema eksegetsko analizo in interpretacije Lukove pripovedi o oznanjenju (Lk 1,26-38). Avtor se pri tem opira na glavne ugotovitve biblične eksegeze, pri delu uporabi narativno metodo in daje večji poudarek drži in liku Marije. Drugo poglavje zajema (eksegetsko) primerjavo Lk 1,26-38 s svetopisemskimi naznanili rojstev, ki spremljajo zgodovino odrešenja in so si po zgradbi in pripovedi sorodni z Lk 1,26-38. Gre za Napoved Izmaelovega in Izakovega rojstva (1 Mz 16,1-16 17,15-22 18,1-15), napoved Samsonovega rojstva (Sod 13,1-25) Samuelovega rojstva (1 Sam 1–2) in napoved rojstva Janeza Krstnika (Lk 1,5-25). Poudarek je ponovno na drži in liku oseb, ki jim je namenjeno oznanjenje. Tretje poglavje na podlagi te primerjave in kratke predstavitve apostolske konstitucije Munificentissimus Deus, s katero je bila razglašena dogma o vnebovzetju, pokaže, da tako pomemben dogodek, kot je vnebovzetje, more v primerjavi z drugimi sorodnimi besedili osvetliti razumevanje Marijine edinstvenosti tudi v skrivnosti njenega vnebovzetja, ko je bila Marija z dušo in telesom vzeta v Božjo slavo. In the master's thesis “Exegetical Analysis of Luke 1:26-38 and Interpretations at Understanding the Dogma of the Assumption” the author tries to show that the Mary's »different« encounter with the God's Messenger, her different anxiety, different consequences of the Annunciation, different way of thinking at a so crucial event of her life as is the acceptance of the Word that becomes flesh etc. could also point to her different facing of death which the dogma speaks about. The thesis contains three chapters. The first contains the exegetical analysis and the interpretation of the Luke's narrative on the Annunciation (Luke 1:26-38). The author draws conclusions about the stance and figure of Mary mainly based on the biblical analysis using the narrative method. The second chapter contains the (exegetical) comparison of Luke 1:26-38 with biblical announcements of births that accompany the history of salvation and show similar structure and narrative compared to Luke 1:26-38. These are: the announcement of the birth of Ishmael and Isaak (Genesis 16:1-16 17:15-22 18:1-15), announcement of the birth of Samson (Judges 13:1-25), the birth of Samuel (1 Samuel 1–2) and the announcement of the birth of John the Baptist (Luke 1:5-25). The third chapter shows based on this comparison and a short presentation of the Apostolic Constitution “Munificentissimus Deus” which proclaimed the dogma of the Assumption, that the event of Annunciation together with the other related texts holds the ability to shed light on the understanding of Mary's uniqueness also in her mystery of the Assumption when her soul and body were exalted into the Glory of God.

Hydralazine induced lupus syndrome (HILS), a form of Drug-Induced Lupus (DIL), was first reported in 1953. Since then, studies have shown an increasing incidence of HILS. It presents with lupus-like symptoms such as arthralgia, fever, chest pain, anorexia, fatigue, petechiae, and rash. Though rare, HILS may initially present with pericardial effusion. Lab findings of HILS usually show positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) in >95% of cases, antihistone abs in >95% of cases, rheumatoid factor ab in 20%, and anti-double-strand DNA in

The correspondence of Lee et al 1 questions why the recent paper2 of the international consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) consortium about the clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent assay (IIFA) patterns does not include the HEp-2000 substrate (Immunoconcepts, Sacramento, California, USA). The decision not to include the HEp-2000 substrate origins from the initial conception of ICAP: it was decided not to include manipulated cellular substrates.3 Since the HEp-2000 cells are transfected with the SS-A/Ro60 cDNA, this substrate was not incorporated in the consensus. Obviously, this decision is disputable and perhaps should be reconsidered in the near future. Indeed, it is to be taken into account that also the ‘non-manipulated’ substrates may be different. First, characteristics of the subcultures may have gradually deviated from the original HEp-2 cells. It is even argued that in time the HEp-2 cells have been contaminated with HeLa-cells.4 Second, diagnostic companies use distinct fixation procedures that eventually also may affect the HEp-2 IIFA patterns. Cell cycle progression can also be manipulated in order …

Background Toxoplasmosis is probably one of the most common parasitic infections of humans. While infection of healthy adults is usually relatively mild, serious disease can result in utero or when the host is immuno-compromised. Toxoplasmosis in diabetic patients may occur due to recently acquired acute infection or they may suffer from dissemination of reactivated latent infection. In the present study, the antinuclear antibody prevalence was tested to determine the possible relationship with Toxoplasma seroprevalence and clinical findings in type I diabetic patients. Methods Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were tested serologically in 60 patients of type I diabetes mellitus and 60 controls using ELISA technique. Results The seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in the study groups was 45% in type I diabetes mellitus patients (group 1) and 23.3% in the control (group 2) with p value = 0.012 showing a statistically significant difference between groups, while only three patients of diabetes type1 group were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM with p value = 0.244 showing no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Results showed that only one patient of diabetes type 1 (group1) had positive ANA and one control (group2) had positive ANA. Thus, no correlation could be detected from such results. Conclusion The study results showed a statistically significantly higher proportion (45%) of seropositivity anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies among type I diabetes mellitus patients compared to 23.3% among the control group, while there was no association could be detected between the studied groups regarding the ANA.

Introduction Abnormal liver function tests are frequently seen in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their origin at times is attributed to the possible co-occurrence or the de novo induction of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), namely autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), but comprehensive analysis of AILD-related autoantibody has not been carried out. Aim To assess the presence of AILD-related autoantibodies in a well-defined cohort of MS patients, and to assess their clinical significance. Materials and methods 133 MS (93 female) patients (102 RRMS, 27 SPMS, and 5 PPMS), mean age 42.7 ± 11.9 SD years, mean duration of disease 11.2 ± 7.2 years were studied. 150 age and sex-matched healthy individuals were tested as normal controls (NCs).Autoantibody testing was performed by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using triple tissue and HEp-2, a multiparametric line immunoassay detecting anti-LKM1(anti-CYP2D6), anti-LC1(anti-FTCD), soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas(anti-SLA/LP), AMA-M2, and AMA-MIT3 (BPO), PBC-specific ANA (anti-gp210, anti-sp100 and anti-PML), and ELISA for anti-F-actin SMA and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Results Reactivity to at least one autoantibody was more frequent in MS patients compared to NCs (30/133, 22.6% vs 12/150, 8%) NCs (p = 0.00058). SMAs by IIF were more frequent in MS patients (18/133, 13.53%) compared to NCs (6/150, 4%, p = 0.002%). The AIH-1 related anti-F-actin SMA by ELISA were present in 21 (15.8%), at relatively low titres (all but three of the SMA-VG pattern by IF); anti-dsDNA in 3 (2.3%), and anti-SLA/LP in none; AIH-2 anti-LKM1 autoantibodies in 1 (0.8%, negative by IF), and anti-LC1 in none; PBC-specific AMA-M2 in 2 (1.5%, both negative for AMA-MIT3 and AMA by IF) and PBC-specific ANA anti-PML in 6 (4.5%), anti-sp100 in 1 (0.8%) and anti-gp210 in 1 (0.8%). Amongst the 30 MS patients with at least one autoantibody positivity, only 4 (3%) had overt AILD (2 AIH-1 and 2 PBC). Autoantibody positivity did not differ between naïve MS patients and patients under treatment. Conclusions Despite the relatively frequent presence of liver autoantibodies, tested either by IF or molecular assays, overt AILD is rather infrequent discouraging autoantibody screening strategies of MS patients in the absence of clinical suspicion.

Objectives The prevalence and burden of SLE in Africa are poorly understood. This health-facility-based retrospective study aimed to describe the frequency and the clinical and immunological characteristics of SLE in Uganda. Methods We reviewed clinical notes of patients presenting with rheumatological complaints in two large rheumatology outpatient clinics in Uganda between January 2014 and December 2019. Results Of the 1019 charts reviewed, 5.5% (56) of the patients had confirmed SLE, with a median age of 29 (range: 14–65) years. The male-to-female ratio was ∼1:10, and 19.6% (11/56) of the patients had SLE and RA overlap syndrome. Patients presented with joint pains or swellings (n = 39, 69.6%), typical photosensitive malar rash (n = 34, 60.7%), oral ulceration (n = 23, 41.1%), anaemia (n = 14, 25.0%), hair loss and polyserositis (n = 12, 21.4% each), constitutional symptoms (n = 10, 17.9%), RP (n = 4, 7.1%) or LN (n = 3, 5.4%). ANA and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were both positive in 25 (75.8%) of the 33 patients with available results. ANA titres were ≥1:160, with a median titre of 1:160 (range: 1:160 to 1:3200). Six patients had titres ≥1:320. The median dsDNA level was 80 (range: 40–283) IU. Ten patients had results of C3 and C4 complement protein levels and, of these, 4 patients had low C3 levels and 3 had low C4 levels. Conclusion SLE is uncommon among patients presenting with rheumatological complains in Uganda. SLE overlaps with RA in our setting, and a majority of patients present to care with complications.

The European Autoimmunity Standardisation Initiative (EASI) has been founded in order to improve autoimmune diagnostics by stimulating the interaction between the clinicians and laboratory specialists, by standardization of autoantibody tests, and by harmonization of testing algorithms. The ultimate goal of EASI is to utilize autoimmune diagnostics in the best way in order to optimize patient care. This mini-review gives an overview of the historical perspective of EASI and summarizes the major achievements.

The European Autoimmunity Standardisation Initiative (EASI) has been founded in order to improve autoimmune diagnostics by stimulating the interaction between the clinicians and laboratory specialists, by standardization of autoantibody tests, and by harmonization of testing algorithms. The ultimate goal of EASI is to utilize autoimmune diagnostics in the best way in order to optimize patient care. This mini-review gives an overview of the historical perspective of EASI and summarizes the major achievements.

Objectives : To elucidate the clinico-laboratory characteristics associated with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) patients with higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score in a retrospective cohort of pSLE patients. Methods : A retrospective study involving 32 pSLE patients was conducted at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia between 2006 and 2017. Results : Within the group of 32 pSLE patients, 23 were girls and 9 were boys (3:1 ratio). The most common symptom was renal disorder (n=21; 65.6%) followed by malar rash (n=9; 28.1%), oral ulcers (n=7; 21.9%), prolonged fever (n=5; 15.6%) and arthritis (n=4; 12.5%). Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected in all patients and 25 patients (78.1%) were positive for anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies. Eighteen (56.3%) patients had active SLE (SLEDAI ≥6), and these patients were significantly associated with heavy pyuria (p=0.004), a high ANA concentration (1:160; p=0.040, 1:320; p=0.006), elevated ESR (p=0.006), low C3 levels (p=0.008), oral ulcers (p=0.010), heavy hematuria (p=0.017) and heavy proteinuria (p=0.017), lupus erythematosus (LE)-nonspecific lesion manifestations (p=0.019) and malar rash (p=0.044). Conclusion : Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients with higher SLEDAI score were most significantly associated with pyuria, high ANA titers, and elevated ESR. Saudi Med J 2018; Vol. 39 (6): 627-631 doi: 10.15537/smj.2018.6.22112 How to cite this article: Nazri SKSM, Wong KK, Hamid WZWA. Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Retrospective analysis of clinico-laboratory parameters and their association with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score. Saudi Med J . 2018 Jun;39(6):627-631. doi: 10.15537/smj.2018.6.22112.

While methimazole (MMI) is the first line treatment for hyperthyroidism, this medication is not devoid of adverse effects. In this article, we present a 70-year-old male who admitted the hospital with right lower extremity pain and rash. The patient was recently treated with MMI for hyperthyroidism. Imaging studies revealed bilateral renal and splenic infarcts along with thrombosis of popliteal artery. Laboratory data revealed hematuria and proteinuria with positive (MPO), anti-proteinase-3 (PR3) and anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies. Renal biopsy revealed pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and features with anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). MMI was discontinued and the patient was treated successfully with steroid therapy and anti-coagulation with resolution of proteinuria, hematuria and normalization of laboratory parameters. While MMI-induced pauci-immune glomerulonephritis has been previously reported, its association with APS has never been described before. Our case demonstrates that this rare diagnosis can be treated by early withdrawal of MMI and initiation of steroids along with anticoagulation.

Background: Antibodies directed against dsDNA are a highly specific diagnostic marker for the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus and of particular importance in its diagnosis. To assess anti-dsDNA antibodies, the Crithidia luciliae-based indirect immunofluorescence test (CLIFT) is one of the assays considered to be the best choice. To overcome the drawback of subjective result interpretation that inheres indirect immunofluorescence assays in general, automated systems have been introduced into the market during the last years. Among these systems is the EUROPattern Suite, an advanced automated fluorescence microscope equipped with different software packages, capable of automated pattern interpretation and result suggestion for ANA, ANCA and CLIFT analysis. Methods: We analyzed the performance of the EUROPattern Suite with its automated fluorescence interpretation for CLIFT in a routine setting, reflecting the everyday life of a diagnostic laboratory. Three hundred and twelve consecutive samples were collected, sent to the Central Diagnostic Laboratory of the Maastricht University Medical Centre with a request for anti-dsDNA analysis over a period of 7 months. Results: Agreement between EUROPattern assay analysis and the visual read was 93.3%. Sensitivity and specificity were 94.1% and 93.2%, respectively. The EUROPattern Suite performed reliably and greatly supported result interpretation. Conclusions: Automated image acquisition is readily performed and automated image classification gives a reliable recommendation for assay evaluation to the operator. The EUROPattern Suite optimizes workflow and contributes to standardization between different operators or laboratories.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LES) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies as diagnostic markers. Detection of such autoantibodies requires advanced equipment and trained personnel. This study was conducted to acquire candidate antigens that can be used for rapid test kit for practical and accurate detection of ANA and anti-dsDNA to speed up SLE diagnosis. Nuclear proteins and DNA derived from cell lines, hair follicles, and leukocytes of SLE patients and healthy individuals were isolated using QiaGEN kit and modified-manual procedure. Antigen-antibody bonds were tested by dot blot assay. The strongest binding between DNA antigens of a healthy individual and antibodies occurred at dilution factors of 1:5,120 for the antigen and 1:2,560 for the antibody. The strongest binding between nuclear protein antigens from the cell line and antibodies occurred at dilution factors of 1:512 for the antigen and 1:1,600 for the antibody. Nuclear antigens derived from cell line and DNA antigens of healthy individuals were antigen candidates for the development of ANA and anti-dsDNA rapid detection tests.

Aim. To study the connection of the disease with social and clinical parameters of adult patients with JIA in the anamnesis for improve the observation of them and decrease remote results.Methods. There were examined adults with JIA in the anamnesis, age – 24,3±8,3 years, the disease duration - 13,6±9,3 years, with the assessment of the diagnosis determination, disease activity in the child and adult age (JADAS, VAS), received treatment with glucocorticoids (GC) and its duration, life quality (SF-36), functional activity disorders (HAQ), psychological state, cardio-vascular risk, remote results of JIA (JADI-A, JADI-E).Result. Adult women had the more active disease by JADAS (p, Обстежено 68 хворих з ЮІА віком старше 18 років, яких розділено на групи за статтю, інвалідністю, рівнем освіти, наявністю ACCP/RF, ANA, HLA-B27 та негативні за всіма показниками не залежно від ILAR класифікації. Значні відмінності між ними, підтверджують гіпотезу різних патогенетичних механізмів розвитку, що потребує диференційованого підходу до діагностики, лікування та спостереження