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Full-size models are powerful and expansive tools required in critical constructive situations and contexts. Part of both sculptural and architectural creative processes, they have been privileged ...

Three-dimensional models of buildings, made of clay or stone, are very rarely attested in the Neolithic, Chalcolithic, or Early Bronze Age southern Levant. The assemblage of nine clay models found at Tel Tsaf, radiometrically dated to 5200-4800 BC, is unique, helping to fill a gap in our understanding of this phenomenon in late prehistory. This paper presents the assemblage, discusses its symbolic value, and shows how it provides a glimpse of the superstructure and roof of late prehistoric buildings. The analysis of the fragments, as well as their spatial distribution and numerous parallels found in different parts of the Old World, brought us to the conclusion that these architectural models were visual representations of part of the local religious cosmology. These models should probably be related to beliefs pertaining to the netherworld, and may be regarded as precursors of the Late Chalcolithic ossuaries in both their form and their meaning in the eyes of their makers. Résumé. Les modèles tridimensionnels de bâtiments, en argile ou en pierre, sont très rarement attestés au Néolithique, au Chalcolithique ou au début de l'âge du Bronze dans le Levant sud. L'assemblage de neuf modèles en argile découvert à Tel Tsaf, daté par le 14C de 5200-4800 av. J.-C., est unique et contribue à combler une lacune dans notre compréhension de ce phénomène à la fin de la Préhistoire. Cet article présente l'assemblage, discute de sa valeur symbolique et montre comment il donne un aperçu de la superstructure et du toît des bâtiments de la fin de la Préhistoire. L'analyse des fragments, ainsi que leur répartition spatiale et les nombreux parallèles trouvés dans différentes parties de l'Ancien Monde, nous ont amenés à la conclusion que ces modèles architecturaux étaient des représentations visuelles d'une partie de la cosmologie religieuse locale. Ils sont probablement liés aux croyances relatives au monde souterrain et peuvent être considérés comme les précurseurs des ossuaires du Chalcolithique supérieur, tant par leur forme que par leur signification aux yeux de leurs auteurs.

Desde el inicio de la carrera, las maquetas han formado parte de mi experiencia tanto académica como profesional, por lo que veo conveniente cerrar esta etapa de mi vida hablando de ellas, ya que han sido esenciales en mi crecimiento personal y me han proporcionado una salida laboral de las muchas que hay en este campo tan amplio como es la Arquitectura. En este trabajo, mi objetivo es confirmar el valor que tienen las maquetas, ya no tanto como producto de comunicación y representación final, sino como una herramienta más a la hora de proyectar. Al igual que muchos arquitectos, el uso de las maquetas de concepto y de trabajo han sido gran parte del proceso de diseño. De esta manera, el contenido se centra en las cualidades plásticas y volumétricas haciendo que la arquitectura sea un arte que interpreta y representa el espacio. También, se enfoca en el análisis de estas cualidades tanto en maquetas propias, señalando la importancia en el proceso proyectual.

The teaching of architecture in the Seville of the Enlightenment began with the foundation of the Real Escuela de las Tres Nobles Artes. In the architectural setting of the Real Alcázar, the teaching of architecture was divided between the drawing of models of Antiquity, the study of books on architecture, and the creation of models or replicas of architectural elements or types of architecture. A new, more complex interpretation of the teaching of architecture in the Escuela de Sevilla is proposed for the period between 1771, the year the school was founded, and 1807, the year of the death of Francisco de Bruna, the school’s promoter, first protector and leading figure in its relationship with the Spanish royal palace. This is achieved by reviewing the known documentation, incorporating new sources and taking a new critical approach based on analysing the teaching of architecture and considering its relationship with other arts and teaching activities, and with the architectural setting and collections housed in it. La enseñanza de la Arquitectura en la Sevilla de las Luces tuvo su inicio con la fundación de la Real Escuela de las Tres Nobles Artes. En el marco arquitectónico del Real Alcázar la didáctica de la arquitectura se debatía entre el dibujo de modelos de la Antigüedad, el estudio de los libros de arquitectura y la ejecución de maquetas o de réplicas de elementos arquitectónicos o arquitecturas. Mediante la revisión de la documentación conocida, la integración de nuevas fuentes, así como a un nuevo enfoque crítico basado en analizar la didáctica de la arquitectura teniendo en cuenta su relación con las otras artes y actividades didácticas, por un lado, y el marco arquitectónico y las colecciones en él ubicadas, por otro, se propone una nueva y más compleja lectura de la enseñanza de la arquitectura en la Escuela de Sevilla en el arco temporal entre 1771, año de su fundación, y 1807, año de la muerte de Francisco de Bruna, su impulsor, primer protector y protagonista de su relación con el palacio real hispalense.

Due to the initial pandemic context of the year 2020, a series of pedagogical explorations began to be carried out in institutions of higher education around the world. The physical distance between teachers and students, and the improbability of acquiring technical materials and instruments, in addition to domestic overcrowding and psychological conditions, have been decisive factors for theimplementation of new ways of teaching architecture. The quantity and quality decrease of homework and the flexibility to attend classes have been evident andtransversal strategies in the Chilean context. Nonetheless, this article aims to discuss and sustain the contrary: increasing the quality of assignments and tasks,considering reciprocal learning in a research laboratory setting, is positive and fruitful in order to avoid student demotivation, strengthen ties between students andteachers and reach a high level in terms of results. Debido al contexto pandémico inicial del año 2020, una serie de exploraciones pedagógicas empezaron a realizarse en instituciones de enseñanza superior alrededor del mundo. La lejanía física entre profesores y estudiantes, y la improbabilidad de adquirir materiales e instrumentos técnicos, además del hacinamiento doméstico y la condición psicológica, han sido factores decisivos para la implementación de nuevas formas de enseñar la arquitectura. La disminución de la cantidad y calidad de trabajo y la flexibilidad de asistencia a las clases han sido estrategias evidentes y transversales en el contexto chileno. No obstante, este artículo pretende discutir y sostener lo opuesto: que el aumento de la calidad de los encargos y tareas, desde la noción de aprendizaje recíproco en un ámbito de laboratorio de investigación, es positivo y fructífero para combatir la desmotivación estudiantil, fortalecer los lazos entre estudiantes y profesores, y llegar a un alto nivel en términos de resultados.

In the fifteenth century, north-western Italy witnessed a proliferation of settlements of Observant friars following the spread of mendicant friars in previous centuries. It was a vast and signific...

Orientador: Silvia Aparecida Mikami Gonçalves Pina Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Resumo: A maquete, assim como o desenho, tem papel fundamental no processo de elaboração de projetos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A maquete como modelo físico de escala reduzida do que está sendo projetado, seja um edifício ou complexo urbano, é um instrumento de extensão do desenho, com a vantagem de possibilitar a manipulação da terceira dimensão que é real. Durante o processo criativo, são importantes os estudos par meio dos modelos de massa para analisar o conjunto da volumetria e o impacto da sua implantação em relação ao entorno. Esse tipo de maquete alimenta a reflexão do arquiteto e revela-se de grande importância no processo de projeto. Os recentes avanços no processo de projeto tem ocorrido em uma abordagem "de cima para baixo", desprezando os requisitos tanto para abstração como do detalhe que estão envolvidos em um processo de desenvolvimento simultâneo. A maquete, nessa fase, é útil para testar idéias globais e, assim, enriquecer o processo, interagindo com as demais linguagens gráficas. A hipótese deste trabalho supõe que, na formação do arquiteto urbanista, as maquetes de concepção física e manual são fundamentais para treinar a habilidade de mão-olho, sendo importante instrumento para estimular o sensação e a percepção ao espacial e tectônica, contribuindo para o aguçamento do processo criativo na fase inicial do projeto. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em verificar como o uso da maquete de concepção física pode ser suporte criativo nas fases iniciais da forma ao dos arquitetos urbanistas. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa a ao por meio de oficinas de maquetes junto a alunos no estagio inicial de um curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A partir da analise dos resultados, o trabalho aponta diretrizes gerais para o uso da maquete física manual como instrumento pedagógico de estímulo à criatividade na forma ao projetual dos arquitetos e urbanistas, bem como apresenta contribui 3o para a sistematiza ao e conscientiza ao do processo de projeto a partir da utiliza ao da maquete de concepção manual Abstract: The model, as well as the drawing, plays a crucial role in developing of architecture and urban design process. The model as a reduced scale physical representation of what is being designed is an instrument that goes beyond the drawing, which includes the advantage of the possibility of manipulating the third dimension view. lt is important whether designing a building or urban complex. In the creative process it is essential to study through a mass model that provides the volume for further volumetric analysis as a whole and its surroundings impact. This kind of model feeds the architect's thinking and showed to be of great importance in the design process. Recent advances in the design process have occurred in a top-down approach, ignoring the requirements for both abstraction and detail involved in a process of simultaneous development. At this stage the model is used to test global ideas and thus enrich the process, interacting with other graphical languages. The hypothesis of this paper assumes that the studies through the conception, physical and handicraft models are fundamental to the of architect's professional constitution, once it practice the ability of hand-eye, being important instrument to stimulate the sense, the spatial perception and tectonics. It contributes to sharpening of the creative process in the initial phase of the project. The main goal of this research is to discover how the conception and physical models can be a creative support in the early stages of architect's education. To support this aim, model's workshops are performed and a research-action is developed along the Architecture and Urban Design students in the early stages of the educational process. The analyses of the results of this work point general guidelines towards the use of the physical and handcraft models as an pedagogical instrument that stimulates the creativity contributing to develop the designs of the Architecture and Urban Designers. Also it showed to contribute to systematization and awareness of the design process though conception model studies Mestrado Arquitetura e Construção Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This book shows a variety of educational experiments that explore the use and meaning of ‘Architectural models as learning tools in education’both practically and theoretically.

This book shows a variety of educational experiments that explore the use and meaning of ‘Architectural models as learning tools in education’both practically and theoretically.

This book shows a variety of educational experiments that explore the use and meaning of ‘Architectural models as learning tools in education’both practically and theoretically.

The Parokhet, or sacred curtain, was an important item of cultic paraphernalia in the ancient Near East. It is known from the Sumerian and Akkadian texts, the biblical tradition, the Second Temple in Jerusalem, Greek temples, and synagogues of the Roman and Byzantine eras, and is still in use today. We suggest that such a sacred curtain is depicted on several of the miniature clay objects known as portable shrines. In Egypt, thanks to the dry climate, a miniature curtain of this kind has indeed been preserved in association with a portable shrine. Depictions of shrines on Egyptian sacred barks also include life-size curtains.

Madrider Mitteilungen, Vol. 55 (2014), En este trabajo presentamos una nueva propuesta de restituci��n arquitect��nica del teatro romano de Segobriga, uno de los yacimientos arqueol��gicos mejor conservados de Espa��a. Basamos nuestra propuesta de restituci��n en tres aspectos fundamentales: el an��lisis de la informaci��n que nos aportan los datos arqueol��gicos, los trabajos cient��ficos de referencia sobre los teatros romanos como modelo arquitect��nico y el dibujo arqueol��gico 3D como herramienta para comprobar y presentar los resultados. La realizaci��n de esta propuesta nos ha permitido abordar el an��lisis de su proceso constructivo, as�� como entender las transformaciones necesarias para la adaptaci��n del modelo arquitect��nico a las particularidades de su topograf��a y entorno urbano. Se ha analizado tambi��n la repercusi��n simb��lica del edificio para la poblaci��n segobriguense en el contexto hist��rico de su construcci��n.

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia de Redes e Serviços Telemáticos, A Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT) é um conceito inovador, que assenta na utilização de diversas tecnologias, tendo sido particularmente impulsionada pelo aparecimento das Redes de Sensores Sem Fios (RSSF) e pelos cenários práticos em relação à sua aplicabili dade. São exemplos destes cenários a monitorização ambiental, em ambientes domésticos, na indústria, na saúde, entre outros. As RSSF encontram-se em constante desenvolvimento para contextos de aplicação onde diver sos dispositivos estarão interligados à Internet, dando assim suporte ao conceito de diversidade subjacente à IoT. No entanto, os dispositivos sensores envolvidos em RSSF dispõem normal mente de capacidades limitadas, nomeadamente em termos de memória, processamento e restrições energéticas para o exercício das suas funções. Desta forma, a comunidade cien tífica e a indústria têm proposto arquiteturas e protocolos específicos para operar em redes envolvendo estes dispositivos de baixa capacidade e promover a sua interligação à Internet. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer um estudo detalhado das arquiteturas e protocolos subjacentes à IoT, relacionando-os com os protocolos convencionais da Internet e estudando os respetivos cenários de convergência. Assim, apresenta uma abordagem histórica relativamente aos modelos e arquiteturas de Internet e à influência destes na IoT, contextualiza os modelos e arquiteturas especificamente propostos para IoT e, em particular, explora os aspetos de convergência entre os protocolos das distintas tecnologias de rede nos diferentes níveis ou camadas arquiteturais., The Internet of Things (IoT) is an innovative concept supported by distinct technologies, which has been particularly driven by the emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and corresponding applicability scenarios. Examples of these scenarios include monitoring in environmental, home, industry and health contexts, among others. WSNs are constantly evolving for application areas where several devices need to be inter connected to the Internet, thus supporting the concept of diversity underlying IoT. However, the sensor devices involved in WSNs have usually limited capacities, namely in memory and processing, and have energy restrictions for the exercise of their functions. In this way, the scientific community and the industry have proposed specific architectures and protocols to operate in networks involving these low-capacity devices and to promote their interconnection to the Internet. In this context, this master work aims to provide a detailed study of the architectures and pro tocols supporting IoT, relating them to the conventional Internet protocols and studying the corresponding convergence solutions. To achieve these goals, this work presents a historical perspective of Internet models and architectures influencing IoT, discusses the architectures and protocols specifically proposed to sustain IoT operation and, in particular, explores the convergence scenarios between protocols of distinct network technologies at different architec tural layers.

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio da abordagem estratégica e económica, a viabilidade da manufatura aditiva no processo de confeccáo de maquetes em um escritório de arquitetura. Foi construída uma maquete no modo de confeccáo tradicional e por manufatura aditiva a fim de mensurar e comparar seus custos primarios. A partir disso, realizou-se a análise económica de investimento por meio dos conceitos de VPL (Valor Presente Líquido) e TIR (Taxa Interna de Retorno), os quais demonstraram viabilidade favorável a adocño da manufatura aditiva. Desse modo, o estudo sugere que escritórios de arquitetura invistam na aquisicño da Impressora 3D, uma vez que o equipamento pode agregar valor ao processo de confeccáo destes modelos, conquistando novos nichos de mercado e fortalecendo a imagem do negócio em relacáo a inovacáo. This article aims to analyze (through a strategic and economic approach) the viability of additive manufacturing for the process of 3D printing models in an architecture office. A model was built in an architecture office where a comparison of manual construction and 3D printing was made to measure the cost manufacturing them. To do so, the economic analysis of investment was carried out through NPV (Net Present Value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) concepts, which shown the viability to use 3D printing. The results support and suggest that architecture offices invest in 3D printers, considering that this can add value to the manufacturing process of models, conquering new market niches and strengthening the ofñceºs image in innovation.

Geometrical recreations: affording an amusing and familiar introduction to the rudiments of plane geometry, architectural drawing, grouping, &c. by means of tangible figures and diagrams, capable of endless transformation. London: published by R[udolph]. Ackerman and printed by L[ancelot]. Harrison, [1815]. Includes 17 diagram plates.

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la utilidad docente de la maqueta en dos posibles formatos, material y virtual, teniendo como campo de estudio el Taller Integrado de Proyectos (TIP) de quinto curso de la ETSA de la Universidad de Navarra[1] , y a la luz de la experiencia del estado de alarma a causa de la pandemia global por COVID-19. Se diferencian y analizan las debilidades y fortalezas de ambas alternativas en función del momento del desarrollo del proyecto, la disponibilidad de medios, la naturaleza del TIP, el trabajo en grupo o individual, la adaptación de la docencia al formato de taller no presencial provocada por estados de confinamiento y su aplicabilidad en relación con las asignaturas técnicas que desarrollan el proyecto. Como herramienta de trabajo se ha confeccionado una encuesta enviada a profesores de proyectos de otras escuelas de arquitectura, nacionales e internacionales, que han sido además invitados al TIP en alguna ocasión. Preguntas y resultados, así como las observaciones aportadas por los 32 participantes definitivos se incluyen como anexo. The main objective of this paper is determining the pedagogical utility of the architectural model in two possible formats, physical and virtual, having as a field of study the Taller Integrado de Proyectos (hereinafter, TIP) of the fifth year of the School of Architecture of the University of Navarra, and under the experience of the recent confinement due to the global COVID-19 pandemia. The weaknesses and strengths of both formats are differentiated and analyzed depending on the time of the project's temporal development, the availability of means, the nature of the TIP, the group or individual work and the adaptation of the teaching to remote modes, as well as its applicability in relation to the technical subjects that define the project. To prepare this paper, a survey has been drawn up and sent to professors from other national and international Schools of Architecture, who have also been invited to the TIP on some occasion. Questions and results, as well as comments by the 32 definitive participants, are included as an appendix.

La falta de experiencias espaciales hacen difícil el avance en la enseñanza de la arquitectura en los primeros años de la carrera de arquitectura, en la Región del Maule, Chile. Es por esto que en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Talca, desde el año 2000, asistiéndonos con experiencias de escala 1:1 desde el primer año, intentamos sortear esta dificultad que presentan de base nuestros estudiantes. Entre los años 2012 y 2014 se trabajó en la reconstitución de casas paradigmáticas, en escala 1:1, en tela, de modo de re-construir de un modo rápido, pero a la vez certero, las principales características de la vivienda escogida como caso de estudio. Con esto se pudo rápidamente tener noción de tamaño, escala e impacto de la casa estudiada. En la última versión llevamos a esta casa a recorrer el territorio de modo de no solo conocer las características de la casa, si no que para ver como esta se veía impactada por el territorio, y viceversa, haciendo que la relación contextual provocara que la percepción de ella cambiara cada vez. The lack of spatial experiences makes difficult the architecture teaching during the first career years, at Maule´s Region, Chile. The Architecture School of Universidad de Talca, since the year 2000, has assist the students with 1 to 1 experiences that tackle the gap they´ve carry with them. Between the years 2012 and 2014 we worked on re-build paradigmatic houses, 1 to 1 scale, in fabric, as a way to rapidly but certainly configure the main features of the chosen case study house. With this exercise the students could experience the notion of space, scale and impact of the studied case. At the last version of this exercise we achieved to take the house into the region territory in order to acknowledge not only the house inner features, but how the house change and mutate when faced to each new context, and vice versa, how the context get an impact when facing the house. Agradezco enormemente el trabajo dedicado de cada uno de los estudiantes de mi sección, de los años 2012, 2013 y 2014, por su ardua labor y aporte para que cada una de las experiencias llegara a buen puerto. Cabe destacar que ellos aportaron también con la mayoría de las imágenes aquí presentadas, que se convirtieron en el archivo base de estas experiencias.También infinitas agradecimientos a Juan Gajardo, por el constante apoyo y también a Marcelo Ojeda, por la complicidad en los proyectos secretos.

Architectural recreations: (being a sequel to the Geometrical recreations); illustrating, in an entertaining and familiar manner, the most essential principles of solid geometry and architectural elevations; as also the effect of perspective, light and shadow, by means of cubic sections, figures and diagrams, capable of endless transformation: accompanied by a case containing the cubic sections. Published by R[udolph]. Ackerman; printed by L[ancelot]. Harrison, [1818]. Includes 14 diagram plates.

A procedural 3D modeling method using different coordinate systems is shown.It uses common splitting operations that orient along the coordinate systems.An optional high-level input is possible to align procedural components. Display Omitted Creation of procedural 3D building models can significantly reduce the costs of modeling, since it allows for generating a variety of similar shapes from one procedural description. The common field of application for procedural modeling is modeling of straight building facades, which are very well suited for shape grammarsa special kind of procedural modeling system.In order to generate round building geometry, we present a way to set up different coordinate systems in shape grammars. Besides Cartesian, these are primarily cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems for generation of structures such as towers or domes, that can procedurally adapt to different dimensions and parameters. The users can apply common splitting idioms from shape grammars in their familiar way for creating round instead of straight geometry.The second enhancement we propose is to provide a way for users to give high level inputs that are used to automatically arrange and adapt parts of the models.

تناول هذا البحث دراسة آثارية معمارية لمجموعة مآذن باقية بمحافظة الغربية بعدما تهدمت مساجدها الأثرية، وتم إحلالها بمساجد حديثة مع غياب الوعى الآثارى، وعدم تسجيلها ضمن الآثار الإسلامية لضمان حمايتها والحفاظ عليها، الأمر الذى يهدد بتدميرها وزوالها. تمثل هذه المآذن واحدا من أهم عناصر التشکيل الخارجي لواجهات المساجد التي کانت توجد بها، کما أن لها رمزية ودلالة فى العمارة الدينية الإسلامية ربما يرجع إليها السبب فى بقائها، وهى على الترتيب التاريخى مئذنة مسجد سيدى نصر بقرية القرشية مرکز السنطة (1306هـ/1888م)، ومئذنة مسجد سيدى خليفة بقرية أبيار مرکز کفر الزيات (1313هـ/1895م)، ومئذنة مسجد سيدى موسى بقرية الهياتم مرکز المحلة الکبرى (1325هـ/ 1907م)، ومئذنة مسجد سيدى فخرالدين بقرية طوخ مزيد مرکز السنطة (1330هـ/ 1912م)، ومئذنة المسجد الکبير بقرية محلة مرحوم مرکز طنطا (1330هـ/ 1912م)، ومئذنة مسجد سيدي عبدالله بن الحارث بقرية صفط تراب مرکز المحلة الکبرى (1332هـ/1914م)، ومئذنة مسجد سيدى محمد عبدالرحيم بطنطا (1339هـ/1920م). جميع هذه المآذن فى منطقة جغرافية واحدة هى محافظة الغربية، ويرجع تاريخها إلى النصف الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الهجرى/العشرين الميلادى، کما أنها غير مسجلة فى عداد الآثار الإسلامية وغير منشورة ويتم دراستها ونشرها لأول مرة. يتبع البحث المنهج الوصفى الاستقرائى من خلال المسح الآثارى و الدراسة الميدانية في الدراسة الآثارية لهذه المآذن يتضمن دراسة جغرافية توضح موقع الأثر ودراسة تاريخية تثبت تاريخ الأثر وتراجم للمنشئين، ودراسة وصفية دقيقة لکل أثر تشمل التکوين العام للمئذنة، ومواد البناء، وطريقة الوصول إليها، ووصف المئذنة من الخارج ومن الداخل، ووسائل الإنارة والتهوية وأهم ما يميز کل مئذنة من الناحية المعمارية والفنية. کما يتبع البحث المنهج التحليلي من خلال التأصيل، والمقارنة، والتحليل في الدراسة الآثارية للمآذن موضوع البحث يشمل مواد وطرق البناء، والشکل العام، والعناصر المعمارية والزخرفية. وإلى جانب الدراسة الآثارية فقد اهتم البحث برصد کل مظاهر التعديات والمخاطر التي تهدد هذه الآثار واقتراح الحلول بشأنها، کما أوصى بضرورة تسجيلها لحمايتها والمحافظة عليها. يهدف البحث إلى دراسة ونشر مجموعة من المآذن الأثرية محددة المکان (محافظة الغربية) والزمان (النصف الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الهجرى/العشرين الميلادى) حتى يتسنى لنا رصد ومتابعة التطور في بناء المآذن وزخرفها وطرز عمارتها والتأثيرات المتبادلة فى هذا المجال ما بين القاهرة والأقاليم لإلقاء الضوء على حلقة جديدة کانت تعوذنا فى هذا المجال أو نقف على نمط جديد أو طراز محلى لبناء المآذن فى تلک الفترة. The study focuses on the remaining minarets in Gharbeya Governorate after the demolition of their mosques, and their replacement with new, modern mosques. The abscence of archeological awareness, and the lack of registeration as an Islamic monument threaten their existence . These minarets are considered one of the most important outward appearances for the edifices of mosques which included them. They also have symbolic references in religious Islamic archaeology, and the studied minarets are arranged chronologically as follows: Minaret of Sidi Nasr Mosque at Qorasheya Village, Santa Center (1306 A.H./1888 A.D.), Minaret of Sidi Khalifa Mosque at Abyar Village, Kafr Al-Zayat Center (1313 A.H./1895 A.D.), Minaret of Sidi Mossa Mosque at Al-Hayatem Village, Al-Mahala Al-Kobra Center (1325 A.H./1907 A.D.), Minaret of Sidi Fakhr Al-Din Mosque at Tukh Village, Santa Center (1330 A.H./1912 A.D.), Minaret of Al-Masjid Al-Kabir Mosque at Mahala Village, Tanta Center (1330 A.H./1912 A.D.), Minaret of Sidi Abdullah Mosque at Saft Turab Village, Al-Mahala Al-Kobra Center (1332 A.H./1914 A.D.), and Minaret of Sidi Mohamed Abdul Rahim Mosque at Tanta (1339 A.H./1920 A.D.). All these minarets are located at Gharbeya Governorate which dates to the beginning of the 4th century A.H./20th century A.D., and they are unpublished and unregistered as Islamic monuments. They are being studied for the first time. The study adopts an inductive, descriptive approach through a field, surveying study which pays attention for the first time to the following: a geographical study of the monument’s location, a historical study of the history of the monument and the biography of its founders, in addition to a detailed descriptive study of each monument which covers the structure of the minaret, the material, and how to reach it. Besides, the study describes the minaret inwardly and outwardly, the lighting means, identity, and the distinctive features of each minaret artistically and archaeologically. The study also focuses on all forms of transgression, wrong restoration, and the risks endangering these monuments. It suggests solutions for such issues, and it recommends the registration of such monuments in order to preserve them. The study publishes for the first time a collection of minarets for the first time by identifying the location (Gharbeya Governorate), and time (the first third of the 4th century A.H./20th A.D.) to follow the developments occurring to the construction of minarets, their decoration, archaeological style, and the reciprocal effects in the field across Cairo and other governorates. The purpose is to shed light on a new style in building minarets.

proofs, to be published in a volume 2023 Gotteshäuser en miniature? Architekturbezug, Funktion und Medialität der sogenannten Tempelmodelle der südlichen Levante, in: Jens Kamlah/Markus Witte (Hg.), Sacred Architecture in Ancient Palestine from the Bronze Age to Medieval Times (ADPV 49), Wiesbaden 2023, 153-234.

A partir do estudo de dois conjuntos de habitação social construídos em Marvila (Lisboa), conhecidos por Zona J e Pantera Cor-de-Rosa, propomos investigar o modo como se organizam e são utilizados os espaços de circulação e acessos em edifícios de grande porte organizados em galeria. Além dos espaços públicos e privados verificámos a existência de espaços semipúblicos, aqui designados de nem-nem, nem públicos nem privados, que correspondem aos espaços de circulação, no interior dos edifícios partilhados por vários lotes : corredores, galerias, halls, passadiços (circulações horizontais), ou escadas, rampas e elevadores (circulações verticais), cuja apropriação é pouco clara. O modo como esses espaços se organizam traz consequências positivas e negativas para os seus habitantes. Por um lado, é propício ao estabelecimento de relações de pertença pela apropriação por parte dos seus moradores, por outro, é motivo e área de conflito entre moradores de diferentes lotes, tornando a gestão difícil pela deficiente definição dos limites entre público e privado. Departing from the study of two social housing building sets located in Marvila (Lisbon), called Zona J and Pantera Cor-de-Rosa (Pink Panther), we propose to investigate how the circulation spaces and accesses are used on gallery organized large buildings. In addition to the public and private spaces, we have confirmed the existence of semi-public areas, here called "neither-nor", neither public nor private, correspondents to the circulation spaces within the buildings and shared by several lots : corridors, galleries, halls, walkways (horizontal circulations), or stairs, ramps and elevators (vertical circulation), where the appropriation is unclear. The way these spaces are organized has both positive and negative consequences for its inhabitants. On one hand, it is conducive to the establishment of belonging relations by its inhabitants on the appropriation process, on the other hand, it is conflict motive and arena between residents of different lots, making local building management difficult due to the poor definition of the boundaries between public and private.

Статья посвящена функциональным, планировочным, пространственным и композиционно-художественным особенностям инновационных центров Японии. Проанализированы периоды с середины ХХ века до первых двух десятилетий ХХI века, последовательно изучены национальные планы развития страны, свойственные им цели и задачи. В статье рассмотрены экономические, социальные и градостроительные тенденции в контексте появления предпосылок возникновения и формирования основных характеристик зданий и комплексов инновационного назначения. Выявлены и описаны архитектурные модели инновационных центров, их отличительные признаки, принципы размещения, заинтересованные участники. Выводы основаны на результатах натурного обследования объектов, интервью с архитекторами компании Nikken Sekkei LTD, анализа проектных материалов., The article is devoted to the functional, planning, spatial, compositional and artistic features of the Japan innovation centers. A time periods from 1950 to 2019, national development plans and their goals are analyzed. The economic, social and urban development in the context of buildings and complexes of innovative purpose emergence are studied. The influence aspects on their formation are studied. Architectural models of innovation centers, their characteristic features, principles of location, and interested participants are identified and described. The conclusions are given as a result of a survey of objects, interviews with architects of Nikken Sekkei LTD, analysis of the design projects

The article discusses a theoretical study of the modeling role in the process of artistic and aesthetic representation of objects of subject-spatial environment and reflection of forms and objects of reality in the layout. The essence of the formation process of aesthetic ideology through prototyping techniques and methods, as well as study of the formation sequence of the aesthetic ideal and professional look of the artist-designer on the environment in the process of working on the layout of the manufacturer is examined. The problem of layout creation as a work of art which contributes to the development of artistic taste, aesthetic thinking and perception is considered. The emotional and aesthetic impact on the layout designer's work both on himself and on the viewer, as well as the finished layout, as a work of art, on the mind and emotions of a person are examined in the article.

The masia (translated here as the Catalan farmhouse), or the building where people reside on a farming estate, is the outcome of the landscape where it is located. It underwent major changes from its origins in the 11th century until the 16th century, when its evolution peaked and a prototype was reached for Catalonia as a whole. For this reason, in the subsequent centuries the model did not change, but building elements were added to it in order to adapt the home to the times. Catalan farmhouses are a historical testimony, and their changes and enlargements always reflect the needs of their inhabitants and the technological possibilities of the period.

Premio en la categoria de articulos de investigación, en la II Muestra de Investigación de la XIV Bienal Española de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (BEAU), promovido por el Ministerio de Fomento, el Consejo Superior del los Colegios de Arquitectos de España y la Fundación Arquia Este artículo revisa el sorprendente proceso creativo de la figura de Enric Miralles, utilizando como instrumentos de conocimiento algunas de sus maquetas de trabajo.“El arte de iniciar el pensamiento, el camino de inventar y representar cosas” serán la base para descubrir diversas relaciones entre el singular modo de trabajar -siempre inaugurado-, y las fuentes de esta creatividad, mostrando un mundo de conexiones –en ocasiones inesperadas-, que han ido enriqueciendo los proyectos, convirtiéndolos en sumamente atrayentes. Pondremos el foco de atención en algunos de los proyectos desarrollados en el inicio de la década de los 90, momento en que un cambio de situación personal y profesional de su trayectoria, se caracterizará por una intensa experimentalidad protagonizada por el inicio de su proyección internacional; tanto en el ámbito profesional como en el docente. Se ha considerado crucial analizar las maquetas a través de la mirada propia de Enric Miralles, a través de imágenes de su autoría o de su dirección; ya que en su modo personal de “hacerse entender” se descubren también posibles intenciones o conexiones con su imaginario. Summary: This article focuses on the Enric Miralles surprising creative process, using some of his models as knowledge tools. Several references and affinities in the sphere of art will be the base for discovering different relationships between his particular way of working -always inaugurated-, and these creativity sources, showing a world of links -sometimes unexpected-, which have enriched the projects, turning them in extremely attractive. We will pay attention to some of the projects developed in the early 90s, time of change in his personal and professional trajectory, which will be distinguished by an intense experimental work starred by the beginning of his international projection; not only in the professional area but also in the educational. It has been considered as vital, the model analysis through Enric Miralles own look, through images from his own production or management, as in his personal way of “explaining himself”, possible intentions or links could be discovered Peer Reviewed Award-winning

Σκοπός της μελέτης είναι η επισκόπηση διαφόρων ζητημάτων που σχετίζονται με τον σχεδιασμό και τη χρήση σχεδίων και προπλασμάτων, σε συσχετισμό με την εφαρμογή τους στη βυζαντινή αρχιτεκτονική της μέσης και της ύστερης περιόδου. Υποστηρίζεται ότι, ενώ στην περίπτωση των ταπεινότερων κτισμάτων ο «σχεδιασμός» γινόταν χωρίς τη χρήση σχεδίων με τους όρους της προακαδημαϊκής εποχής της «προφορικότητας», η παραγωγή της επίσημης αρχιτεκτονικής γινόταν με υψηλού επιπέδου αρχιτεκτονικό σχεδιασμό, ο οποίος μπορεί από πολλές απόψεις να συγκριθεί με εκείνον που δημιούργησε τα σημαντικά αρχιτεκτονικά έργα της πρώιμης βυζαντινής εποχής., This paper is an overview of various aspects related to the design and the use of architectural drawings and models within the context of implementation in Byzantine architecture of the Middle and Late period. It is argued that, whereas in the case of humble buildings the “design” was carried out without the use of drawings according to the terms of the pre-academic period of “orality”, the production of formal architecture entailed a high level of architectural design which can in many respects be compared with the design through which the significant architectural works of the Early Byzantine era were created.

The primary goal of this thesis is to provide a framework for utilizing buildings as controllable load resources for the electrical grid. Specifically, this thesis focuses on identifying thermostatic control capabilities of buildings and the consequent impact of building load variations on electric grid operation. Space conditioning of commercial, residential, and industrial buildings represents a significant portion of the electrical demand. Consequently, the electrical-thermal characteristics of these HVAC loads can be exploited to yield a significant load resource. As a consequence of the smart grid initiative, many building managers now have the opportunity to participate in electric energy markets. Under demand response (DR) programs buildings are able to bid spare capacity as controllable load resources for electric grid operation, a privilege formerly reserved for generators. The present research presents a framework to investigate the impacts of such DR actions as well as possibilities for buildings to adopt more active roles in building-grid operation. To this end, an electrical-thermal building model is developed, model-based control capabilities are evaluated, and the building model is integrated into power system analysis. The overarching goal is to facilitate better understanding of integrated building-grid behavior and to promote active coordination between building managers and electric grid operators.

We explored how beginning-level interior architecture students develop skills to create mental visualizations of three-dimensional objects and environments, how they develop their technical drawing skills, and whether or not physical and computer generated models aid this design process. We used interviews and observations to collect data. The findings provide an insight on what kind of difficulties students experience during their learning process and how they overcome those difficulties. The results of the study indicate that the students’ lack of skills in technical drawing and in creating 2D and 3D mental visualizations negatively influenced their design process. Using the existing body of literature, we discussed the findings and suggested teaching strategies to improve the learning process for the beginning-level interior architecture students. The findings of this study allowed us to have a better understanding of the student design and learning process.

Ponència presentada a: Session 6: Teorías cerebro-máquina. Teorías de diseño y metodologías del diseño. Teorías criticas socio-físicas / Brain/machine theories. Design theories and methods systems approach