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Purpose: To develop a deep learning model that predicts active inflammation from sacroiliac joint radiographs and to compare the success with radiologists. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,537 (augmented 1752) grade 0 SIJs of 768 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Gold-standard MRI exams showed active inflammation in 330 joints according to ASAS criteria. A convolutional neural network model (JointNET) was developed to detect MRI-based active inflammation labels solely based on radiographs. Two radiologists blindly evaluated the radiographs for comparison. Python, PyTorch, and SPSS were used for analyses. P

WOS: 000514807500001 PubMed ID: 32072386 Male breast hosts various pathological conditions just like "female breast." However, histo-anatomical diversities with female breast lead to many differences regarding the frequency and presentation of diseases, the radiologic appearance of lesions, the diagnostic algorithm, and malignity features. Radiological modalities may play an important role in evaluating male breast lesions. Although some imaging findings are non-specific, having knowledge of certain imaging characteristics and radiologic patterns is the key to reduce the number of differential diagnoses or to reach an accurate diagnosis. Male breast imaging is mostly based on physical examination and is required for the complaints of palpable mass, breast enlargement, tenderness, nipple discharge, and nipple-skin changes. The majority of the male breast lumps are benign and the most common reason is gynecomastia. Although it is difficult to exclude malignancy in some cases, gynecomastia often has distinguishable imaging features. Pseudogynecomastia is another differential diagnosis that may be confused with gynecomastia. The distinction is important for the treatment plan. Apart from gynecomastia, other male breast lesions form a highly heterogeneous group and can be classified based on "Tissue origin," "Histopathological type and behavior," and "Radiologic features" for both simplification and comprehensive understanding. This article mainly focuses on emphasizing the results of basic histo-anatomical differences of male and female breasts, classifying male breast lesions, covering the spectrum of male breast diseases, and assisting radiologists in recognizing the imaging findings, in interpreting them through a holistic approach, in making a differential diagnosis, and in being a part of proper patient management.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To review the reasons of thickening of the tracheal wall with a systematic approach. To be familiar with the imaging findings of the tracheal wall diseases. To be able to differentiate tracheal tumors from tumorlike...