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The current study aims to design and manufacture a simple biogas unit suitable for small farmers'' families in the remote areas of Egypt, to produce biogas from leftover food and kitchen waste; the hydraulic digester model was selected as a simple digester for biogas units. The biogas unit was fabricated from simple material with capacity of 1m3. The results showed the ambient temperature was ranged from 32 C to 39 C, digester temperature was ranged from 30 C to 35 C, pH was ranged from 7 to 7.3 and C:N ratio was ranged from 15~28:1, That’s indicates to the fermentation conditions was suitable for completing the fermentation process and biogas production. The total solid concentration (TSC) and fermentation time have effect on biogas yield and CH4 content, where the biogas yield was increased with the increasing of TSC. The highest biogas yield ever was obtained under TSC 14% in the week number 11, and the biogas yield has limited increasing under the same TSC and different fermentation time. The designed unit was succeeded to produce economic biogas with CH4 content 58% and 62% from leftover food and kitchen waste mixed with caw manures and the highest weekly biogas yield was 2.75 m3 under TSC 14% by mean 0.4 m3per day, it could be covering the biogas needs for 2 people, Thus, this unit could be recommended for farmers families in the remote areas as a simple biogas technology to produce biogas from their kitchen wastes

The study aims to show the importance of the washing process for the bucket milking system and its effect on the produced milk. Using a new design and manufacturing washing unit for teat cups in bucket milking system and study the relationship between the efficiency and quality of the washing process in the milking system ,and bacterial count found in milk tank and teat cup surface. The new washing system cleaning in place (CIP) system is an alternative effective solution for washing liners and cluster. Washing units consists of two washing set. Each washing set consists of four outlets designed to wash one cluster a five types of washing sets have been tested during this Study. Using the new system to cleaning the bucket milking system led to the provision of some environmental advantages, than traditional system such as; reducing the consumption of chemicals in cleaning of milking machine by about 35 %, also save 66 % of the amount of water consumed in cleaning, and saving 0.55 kW electric energy used to operate the pump; and 1.4 kW electric energy consumed in heating water. Time of cleaning operation was also saved by 50%. The cleaning efficiency in traditional cleaning method is 42.9 %. While it s increased to 93.1 % with using a Jetter rod at new cleaning system. For traditional cleaning system total bacterial count in milk sample was 81x104 cfu/ml it classified at grade II (> 2,00,000 – 1,000,000 cfu/ml). While for the new cleaning system with different types of washing set the total bacterial count was between 33x103 to 66x103 cfu/ml .which classified at grade I (< 2,00,000 cfu/ml).