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There is a characteristic phenomenon of mountain landscape in Avalanche. Mountain development entails the need to take into account the avalanche hazard. The important task of the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine is to increase the effectiveness of forecasting avalanche danger in mountainous areas of Ukraine. One of the elements on the way to its solution is the digital display of mountain areas in the form of thematic maps. The intensive development of modern GIS technologies and the availability of digital terrain models make it possible to create various thematic maps. The avalanche activity is affected by meteorological and geomorphological factors. Using DEM based on SRTM 1, an avalanche hazard map of Ukrainian Carpathians was compiled. The map is based on the average maximum snow height and the steepness of the slopes. The proposed map will improve the quality of avalanche forecasts and will allow you to determine the need for avalanche exploration if the intended area of construction falls into the avalanche zone and protect users from unnecessary danger. An algorithm for constructing thematic (avalanche) digital maps using satellite data SRTM 1 has been elaborated.

Studying the changes in extreme river runoff induced by climate change is of utmost importance, as the variability of floods directly affects life and human activities. This study examines the fluctuations and persistence of winter floods in 14 catchments in the Rika River Basin (Ukraine) and ten catchments in the Steyr River Basin (Austria). The catchments represent typical hydrological regimes in the Danube River region. The fluctuations and persistence of floods are analyzed by the hydro-genetic method and a seasonality analysis for the period 1951–2015. The results show a much more pronounced fluctuation pattern in the upper Rika catchments than in the upper Steyr catchments. This pattern indicates an increase in winter flood magnitudes between the mid-1960s and the 1990s, followed by a decrease until recently. The flood seasonality shows a large inter-annual variability in both regions. The most significant winter floods tend to occur in November and December. The winter flood fluctuations are compared with changes in associated climate characteristics, i.e., seven-day maximum precipitation, a melt index, and annual maximum snow depth. The seasonality of these characteristics has a strong inter-annual variability and only partly explains the winter flood fluctuations.

13 páginas, 10 figuras, 2 tablas., Associations between scale-worms and giant mussels are common constituents of hydrothermal vent and cold seep ecosystems, but very little is known about their nature and ecology. Here, we analyze the ecological characteristics of the associations between Branchipolynoe seepensis, an obligate symbiotic polychaete, and their host mytilid mussels Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis and B. azoricus inhabiting hydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Infested mussels generally harbored a single symbiont (, This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 05-04-48350)

There are different ways of the open arterial duct treatment, based on its anatomical form. Endovascular occlusion is considered to be the safest. The morphometric protocol was developed for the adequate choice of the occluder. The first-stand results of the endovascular occlusion of the open arterial duct with the use of two types of guided occluders (Flipper and Amplatzer ductus occluder) are presented in the article.

Short-term results of minimally invasive transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect using Amplatzer septal occluder system (AGA Medical Corporation, USA) at 72 patients are analyzed. Technique of surgical procedure is described in detail. Morphometric protocol used for determination of indications and contraindication for endoscopic closure is also described. The causes of impossibility of endovascular procedures are established. The rate of transoccluder blood bypasses in postoperative period is demonstrated.

Summarized experience of balloon valvuloplasty in isolated stenosis of pulmonary artery valve is analyzed. This procedure was performed in Russian Research Center of Surgery in 53 patients from 1980 to 2006. The technique of balloon valvuloplasty is described; short- and long-term results are analyzed. Complications and unsatisfactory results of this surgery are outlined.

Forty-six patients with double disposition of the major vessels from the right ventricle in combination with stenosis of the pulmonary artery, in sub-aortal and bi-committed defects of the interventricular septum have undergone biventricular intraventricular correction. The most specific and accurate anatomic characteristics were: 1) position of the major vessels (particularly side-to-side); 2) location of two and a part of the third aortal sinuses above the right ventricle; 3) bilateral cone; 4) absence of aorto-mitral contact; 5) location of valves of aorta and pulmonary artery on the same level. One (2,2%) patient died during surgery due to progressed cardiac insufficiency. One (2,5%) patient died 2 years after radical correction of the defect due to progressive dysfunction of the right ventricle.

Nearest and long-term results of surgical treatment of 108 patients with dysplasia of aortal valve were analyzed. Necessity of individual approach to choice of method of surgical correction (prosthesis or valvuloplasty of aortal valve) depending on degree of dysplasia and/or secondary valvular pathology, it anatomic variants, presence of concomitant infectious endocarditis and age of patients is noted. This permitted to reduce hospital lethality from 8.8 to 3.9%. Survival in 1, 5 and 10 years after prosthesis and valvuloplasty of aortal valve was 92.3 +/- 3.3, 86.8 +/- 4.8 and 85.7 +/- 5.7% versus 100, 94.1 +/- 4.1, 94.1 +/- 4.1% respectively. Quality life in remote period was evaluated as good in 80.3% operated patients, as satisfactory--in 11.1% and unsatisfactory--in 8.6%.

4 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla., Introduction Symbiotic polynoids of the genus Branchipolynoe associated with mussels are a common component of hydrothermal vent and coldwater seep communities. Recent detailed studies carried out on the Atlantic scale-worm B. aff. seepensis Pettibone, 1986 (Jollivet et al., 2000) revealed some interesting features of its reproductive biology: external sexual dimorphism, internal fertilisation and dominance of females in the population. Nevertheless, the role of symbiotic polychaetes in the communities and their relationships with their hosts remain virtually unknown. In fact, the association of the different species of Branchipolynoe with their host mytilids Bathymodiolus spp. has been usually regarded as commensalism (Pettibone, 1986; Chevaldonne et al., 1998). However the finding of bits of mussel gills in the gut of B. symmyitilida from the Galapagos Rift (Desbruyères et al., 1985) pointed to a parasitic behaviour. The present paper reports preliminary results based on material collected mainly during a recent cruise of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh (2002) at the hydrothermal vent fields along the MAR and complimentary data of previous French and Russian expeditions which allowed to better understand the true nature of the relationships between the Atlantic scale worm B. aff. seepensis with their mytilid hosts Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis and B. azoricus., This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 01-04- 49022).

The aim of present study was an investigation of effective of product from ceolites which is suggested as biologically active food additive. The high-calorie, high-fat, high-cholesterol diet was developed. The rats (female and male) were fed with the biologically active food additive during 1 month at dose 70 mg per kg of body weight. Their blood and liver were investigated to measure total lipids, total cholesterols, phospholipid, triglycerides. Morphologic parameters of liver was studied. Cholesterol lowering effect of biologically active food additive in rat (female) has been shown.

Chemical analysis of genetically modified corns MON 810 resistance to European corn borer and GA 21 tolerance to glyphosphate was performed. Results of these studies showed that there is no difference between genetically modified and conventional corn products.

Clinical and anatomo-hemodynamic features of adult patients with incomplete form of the open atrioventricular canal are presented, policy of surgical treatment and optimal degree of surgical intervention on mitral valve are determined. The study of variant anatomy of the defect, revealed two variants of left atrioventricular valve formation (with "functional" and with "anatomical" septal commissure). In the first anatomic variant the mitral insufficiency was hemodynamically important and required surgical correction. In the second variant, the mitral valve had good closure function, that permitted to avoid the routine suturing of anterior velum's splitting.

The aim of present study was an investigations of safety of product "Bioton-1" which is suggested as biologically active food additive. Long-term intake the product "Bioton-1" by the rats Wistar during 6 month at doses of 0.75 ml per kg of body weight hadn't an unfavorable effects on integral, biochemical, hemotologic and morphologic parameters of animals. It was shown on two generations of rats that "Bioton-1" hadn't an embryotoxic, gonadotoxic and teratogenic effects and also hadn't negative effect on growth and development of posterity of rats. Including into the diet of rats product "Bioton-1" at dose of 0.25 per kg of body weight during the whole life hadn't an effect on animals life duration.

98 patients with isolated rheumatic mitral valve defects of the heart entered the study. Their central hemodynamics was studied intraoperatively before surgical correction of the defect. The results were compared to those provided by conventional noninvasive methods: chest x-ray, ECG, echo-CG, external respiration function test. Correlation analysis using computer intellect PolyAnalyst v.1.01R helped to design a program and practical nomogram which can quantitatively determine the degree of pulmonary hypertension on the basis of digital values of Rv1 wave amplitude (ECG) and right ventricular cavity size (echoCG).

A pilot trial of efficiency of enalapril maleate in the treatment of residual pulmonary hypertension was made in 22 patients operated for rheumatic mitral valve defects. Degree I, II and III of pulmonary hypertension was registered in 5, 13 and 4 patients, respectively. Thus, the patients had NYHA functional classes III and IV (22.7 and 77.3%, respectively. Enalapril given for 6 months in a mean daily dose 12.3 +/- 1.57 mg/m2 (5-30 mg a day) normalized pressure in the pulmonary artery in 18.2% of patients. 50% of patients showed hypertension degree I, only one female retained hypertension degree III. To the end of the treatment the functional classes were the following: II--in 68.2%, III--in 27.3% and IV--in 4.5%.

Different methodological approaches were elaborated to evaluate quality and safety of genetically modified food products. The new engineering is proposed to rate medical, biological, genetic and technological advantage of these products. Using the same engineering, a complete analysis of the genetically modified soybean 40-3-2 ("Monsanto Co", USA) has been performed.

The data on safety investigation of product "Rialam", which is proposed as biologically active food supplement are presented. Chronic experiment and single generation experiment were made on Wistar rats. It is shown that diet "Rialam" in dose 100 mg/kg of body weight didn't influence negatively on growth and development of rats blood parameters, immune status, internal organs morphology, metabolism, hadn't embryotoxic, gonadotoxic and teratogenic action.

The contents of protein, fats, carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, dietary cellulose), some vitamin (ascorbic acid, riboflavin, beta-carotene, vitamin E), polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, pectin, glycosides, macro- and microelements in red bilberry are presented. Antimicrobial effect and other effect of red bilberry and its use in traditional medicine and dietetics are also outlined.

The results of toxicological evaluation of 'concentrate bardjanoj liquid' (CBL) a new fodder additive are presented. It was shown on one generation of rats that CBL at dose of 1 g and 10 g per 1 kg of body mass had no an embryotoxic, gonadotoxic and teratogenic effects. However long-term intake of CBL during 5 month with diet of rats caused the changes in rat body. It was found increasing of relative weights of kidney, spleen and heart, decreasing of contents of total lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol in rat liver. Also the desquamative enteritis in some cases with ulcers was found. These data did not allow to recommend CBL as fodder additive in studied doses.

The aim of present study was an investigations of embryotoxic, teratogenic and gonadotoxic effects of zeolites of Pashensky and Chongurinsky (chongurin) deposits. Zeolites are suggested as feed additives in stock-breeding animal and poultry-keeping. In long-term experiments it was shown that zeolites included in animal diet as much as 5% of diet mass had no unfavourable effect on animals. Negative effect on growth and development of generation, hematologic parameters of blood and activity of some enzymes were also not observed.

It has been established that haprin included into the ration of adult rats induces changes in the activity of some enzymes of cellular organelles in the liver, kidneys and blood serum. These changes are dose-dependent and most manifest when haprin comprised 50% of the total protein content in the ration.

The paper reviews a 10-year experience with complex ultrasonic diagnosis of membraneous subvalvular aortic stenosis, a rare congenital defect. Fifteen subjects operated on for this abnormality were examined. Profound systolic closure of the aortic cusps, concentrated left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, linear-shaped echo signals generated by the membrane in the subaortic area, turbulent systolic blood flow in the ascending aorta are the most significant signs for the diagnosis of the membraneous subvalvular aortic stenosis.

In the yolk of the eggs of hens receiving traditional feeding hydrocarbon mixtures contained in trace amounts therein were analyzed by a specially elaborated method. For identification and quantification the data of the gas liquid chromatography, chromato-mass-spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrophometry were used. In a complex hydrocarbon mixture chromato-mass-spectrometry helped identify the alkanes of the normal and isoprenoid structure, cycloalkanes, of terpene and sterene types. The alkanes and cycloalkanes fraction content was found to comprise 15-30 per 1 mg of the raw mass of the yolk, of the p-alkanes--1-3 mg, squalene--15-17 mg and of monocyclic arenes--about 1 mg.

A method for analyzing hydrocarbons in animal organs and tissues has been developed. This is made up of the following stages: decomposition of the biological material through alkaline hydrolysis; extraction of non-saponifiable lipids fraction; separation by using preparative thin-layer chromatography of the alkanes and cycloalkanes, monocylic arenes and squalene from the non-saponifiable lipids fractions; determining the content of the alkanes and cycloakanes fraction and also ascertaining the alkanes of normal and isoprenoid structure, by means of gas-liquid chromatography, and, finally, quantification of monocyclic arenes, based on the UV spectra findings. The statistical characteristics obtained through a mathematical processing of the analyses results bear evidence to a sufficient accuracy and good reproducibility of the method stages.

Echocardiographic findings in 8 patients operated on for Valsalva's sinus aneurysm rupture are summed up: aneurysm and the site of its rupture shown on two-dimensional echocardiogram, abnormal diastolic blood flow through the aneurysm, evidenced by Doppler cardiography, and dilatation of cardiac chambers, dependent on the direction of blood discharge through the aorto-cardiac fistula.

Echocardiographic signs of subvalvular fusions are discussed, as they frequently complicate the course of mitral stenosis. The diagnostic value of two-dimensional echo-cardiography is established for this abnormality. Subvalvular fusions of the chordal apparatus are shown to be associated with certain signs on the two-dimensional echocardiogram, such as additional echoes under mitral valve cusps in short-axis heart section (sensitivity 67.2%, specificity 90.7%), and mitral orifice drawn towards the interventricular septum (sensitivity 35.7%, specificity 93.5%), thickened subvalvular structures in the long-axis section of the heart's left compartments (sensitivity 40.7%, specificity 82.9%), and fissural or "coma-like" shape of the mitral orifice.

Echocardiographic findings were analysed in 25 patients after surgical application of biological mitral valve prosthesis BAKS-M and 10 patients with paravalvular fistulas developing after similar operations employing different types of prosthesis. A tendency to increased postoperative size of the heart, left-atrial systolic turbulent flow, normalized ventricular septal movement and high-frequency oscillations of the aortic valve cusps are characteristic echocardiographic signs of paravalvular fistula.

The authors analysed the results of echocardiography of patients with a mild ("ambulatory") form of infectious allergic myocarditis (the 1st group). Enhanced myocardial contractility was revealed in the 1st group as compared to the group of healthy persons (controls), decreased left ventricular contractility was noted in patients of the 2nd group (with dilated cardiomyopathy). A conclusion was made that a mild form of infectious allergic myocarditis was characterized by enhanced left ventricular contractility as a sign of its compensatory hyperfunction in response to myocardial damage.

A simple echocardiographic method for the assessment of the valve regurgitation volume in patients with isolated acquired heart diseases is described. It can be widely used in the routine clinical practice due to its relative simplicity.

To examine the safety of foods (meat and milk) obtained from animals whose feeds were preserved with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), the authors investigated the status and development of animals, some aspects of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, some enzymes, hemopoiesis and reproduction function of Wistar rats fed diets containing the above products (55 g dry milk or 50 g boiled meat per 100 g diet). To measure the residual quantity of allylamine (AA), the main metabolite of AITC, a chromato-fluorometric method with the use of dansyl chloride was devised, permitting the detection of 2 ng AA in the spot. The relative standard deviation was 0.14-17. The degree of AA extraction amounted to 96%. The method made it possible to detect the residual quantity of AA in the kidneys (up to 12.2 +/- 2.0 micrograms/kg) and in the liver (up to 83.1 +/- 12.4 micrograms/kg). The data obtained evidence that AA cannot be used as conservant for manufacturing feeds for agricultural animals.

The optimal conditions have been developed for garlic preservation by its treatment with a mixture of food paraffin and monoglyceride in the ratio of 95:5 at 80 degrees C, followed by the storage at 0-1 degrees C, and relative humidity 65-75%. When garlic is treated with plasticized paraffin, the main hydrocarbon components of paraffin - n-alkanes C20-C31 are accumulated in its pulp. Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are practically absent in food paraffin and paraffined garlic. The quantitative parameters of the paraffined garlic characterizing high technological and economic effectiveness of the method, as well as insignificant increase in the p-alkanes content (1%) in the daily ration for humans, that contains paraffined garlic, have permitted the authors to recommend this method of garlic storage for using under industrial conditions, the technological regulations should be strictly kept to.