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WOS:000751358000011 PMID: 34531345 Aims: We aimed to investigate of intrapleural use of ecballium elaterium (EE) in a rabbit model empyema. Methods: An empyema was induced in 21 rabbits after inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus. Glucose levels, pH, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and amounts of pleural drainage were evaluated in addition to pleural and empyema scores. The rabbits were divided into three groups, each 7, the isotonic solution, the streptokinase, and the ecballium group. Results: At autopsy, there was no difference in pH, glucose, and LDH levels in three groups. The mean pleural drainage was greater in the ecballium group. A significant difference was detected between groups in terms of drainage amounts and pleural and empyema scores (P < 0.05). A significant difference in pleural and empyema scores was detected in the ecballium and streptokinase groups (P < 0.05). EE group had significant differences in drainage amounts and plural and empyema scores regard to the control group (P < 0.05). No significance was found between streptokinase and EE groups. Conclusion: We conclude that intrapleural use of EE is at least as effective as streptokinase for the treatment of empyema.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of wolfberry (WB) against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into four groups with eight rats in each group: the control group, WB group, colitis group and WB + colitis group. Distal colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of 4% acetic acid. Woliberry + colitis group received 100 mg/kg of WB extract dissolved in saline through the intraperitoneal route for 7 days. Acute colitis was created on the 8th day, and the rats were sacrificed 48 hours later Colonic damage was assessed by macroscopic and histological criteria as well as biochemical markers. Results: Mean total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the colitis group compared with the control and WB groups (p < 0.05). The WB + colitis group had significantly lower TAC, TOS, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels compared with the colitis group (p < 0.05). The analyses of the histopathological findings indicated that the colitis group had a significantly higher histopathological damage score than the control group (3.12 +/- 0.45, 0 +/- 0.00, respectively; p < 0.05). Histopathological damage score was significantly higher in the WB + colitis group than in the control group and statistically significantly lower than the colitis group (1.62 +/- 0.44, 0 +/- 0.00, respectively; 3.12 +/- 0.45, respectively; p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusion: Wolfberry extract is an agent that is effective for preventing acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.