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This paper investigates the personal and professional story of two prominent American thinkers, Milton and Rose Friedman. Based on their memoirs, “Two Lucky People. Memoirs”, we will connect the biographical aspects with the theoretical and philosophical ideals promoted by the Friedmans’ during their lifetime. The direct connection between economic and political freedom, the importance of the individual in the creation of society, the free market as model for human activity, these are all ideas shared and presented by Milton and Rose Friedman and we will show how their personal stories, of immigrant’s children, have come to shape their professional profile.

Klebsiella frequently colonizes the gut and colonization is associated with subsequent infection. To identify genes associated with progression from colonization to infection, we undertook a case-control comparative genomics study. Concordant cases (N = 85), where colonizing and invasive Klebsiella isolates were identical strain types, were matched to asymptomatically colonizing controls (N = 160). Thirty-seven genes were significantly associated with infection, 27 of which remained significant following adjustment for patient variables and bacterial phylogeny. Infection-associated genes were not previously characterized virulence factors, but instead a diverse group of stress resistance, regulatory and antibiotic resistance genes, despite careful adjustment for antibiotic exposure. Many infection-associated genes were plasmid borne, and for some, the relationship with infection was mediated by gut dominance. Five infection-associated genes were validated in a geographically independent cohort of colonized patients. This study identifies novel genes that are reproducibly associated with progression to infection in patients colonized by diverse Klebsiella.

Members of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex frequently colonize the gut and colonization is associated with subsequent infection. To identify genes associated with progression from colonization to infection, we undertook a case-control comparative genomics study. Concordant cases (N = 85), where colonizing and invasive isolates were identical strain types, were matched to asymptomatically colonizing controls (N = 160). Thirty-seven genes are associated with infection, 27 of which remain significant following adjustment for patient variables and bacterial phylogeny. Infection-associated genes are not previously characterized virulence factors, but instead a diverse group of stress resistance, regulatory and antibiotic resistance genes, despite careful adjustment for antibiotic exposure. Many genes are plasmid borne, and for some, the relationship with infection is mediated by gut dominance. Five genes were validated in a geographically-independent cohort of colonized patients. This study identifies several genes reproducibly associated with progression to infection in patients colonized by diverse Klebsiella.

Klebsiella commonly colonizes the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients and is a leading cause of health care-associated infections. Colonization is associated with subsequent infection, but the factors determining this progression are unclear. A cohort study was performed, in which intensive care and hematology/oncology patients with Klebsiella colonization based on rectal swab culture were enrolled and monitored for infection for 90 days after a positive swab. Electronic medical records were analyzed for patient factors associated with subsequent infection, and variables of potential significance in a bivariable analysis were used to build a final multivariable model. Concordance between colonizing and infecting isolates was assessed by wzi capsular gene sequencing. Among 2,087 hospitalizations from 1,978 colonized patients, 90 cases of infection (4.3%) were identified. The mean time to infection was 20.6 ± 24.69 (range, 0 to 91; median, 11.5) days. Of 86 typed cases, 68 unique wzi types were identified, and 69 cases (80.2%) were colonized with an isolate of the same type prior to infection. Based on multivariable modeling, overall comorbidities, depression, and low albumin levels at the time of rectal swab collection were independently associated with subsequent Klebsiella infection (i.e., cases). Despite the high diversity of colonizing strains of Klebsiella, there is high concordance with subsequent infecting isolates, and progression to infection is relatively quick. Readily accessible data from the medical record could be used by clinicians to identify colonized patients at an increased risk of subsequent Klebsiella infection. IMPORTANCE Klebsiella is a leading cause of health care-associated infections. Patients who are intestinally colonized with Klebsiella are at a significantly increased risk of subsequent infection, but only a subset of colonized patients progress to disease. Colonization offers a potential window of opportunity to intervene and prevent these infections, if the patients at greatest risk could be identified. To identify patient factors associated with infection in colonized patients, we studied 1,978 colonized patients. We found that patients with a higher burden of underlying disease in general, depression in particular, and low albumin levels in a blood test were more likely to develop infection. However, these variables did not completely predict infection, suggesting that other host and microbial factors may also be important. The clinical variables associated with infection are readily available in the medical record and could serve as the foundation for developing an integrated risk assessment of Klebsiella infection in hospitalized patients.

Introduction. Many of the patients that undergo chemotherapy with cisplatin develop systemic and oral side-effects during treatment. Some of these side-effects are linked to various preexisting inflammatory states one of which is periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact cisplatin chemotherapy may have on periodontal tissues and periodontal disease evolution. Material and methods. 15 patients were given an oral hygiene questionnaire and were clinically evaluated before the start of cisplatin chemotherapy and 21 days after the first dose. Results. Both probing depth and clinical attachment loss values were higher after a single dose of chemotherapy with cisplatin. Periodontal disease seemed to progress at an incresed rate. Conclusions. Chemotherapy, and especially chemotherapy with cisplatin, may lead to the modification of periodontal parameters even after a single dose.

BackgroundKlebsiella commonly colonizes the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients and is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. Colonization is associated with subsequent infection, but the factors determining this progression are unclear.MethodsIntensive care and hematology/oncology patients were screened for Klebsiella colonization by rectal swab culture and monitored for infection for 90 days after a positive swab. Electronic medical records were analyzed for patient factors associated with subsequent infection, and variables of potential significance in bivariable analysis were used to build a final multivariable model. Concordance between colonizing and infecting isolates was assessed by wzi capsular gene sequencing.ResultsAmong 2087 hospital encounters from 1978 colonized patients, 90 cases of infection (4.3%) were identified. Mean time to infection was 20.6 ±24.69 (range 0-91, median 11.5) days. Of 86 typed cases, 68 unique wzi types were identified and 69 cases (80.2%) were colonized with an isolate of the same type prior to infection. Based on multivariable modeling, overall comorbidities, depression and low albumin level at the time of rectal swab were independently associated with subsequent Klebsiella infection.ConclusionsDespite the high diversity of colonizing strains of Klebsiella, there is high concordance with subsequent infecting isolates and progression to infection is relatively quick. Readily accessible data from the medical record could be used by clinicians to identify colonized patients at increased risk of subsequent Klebsiella infection.ImportanceKlebsiella is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. Patients who are intestinally colonized with Klebsiella are at significantly increased risk of subsequent infection, but only a subset of colonized patients progress to disease. Colonization offers a potential window of opportunity to intervene and prevent these infections, if the patients at greatest risk could be identified. To identify patient factors associated with infection in colonized patients, we studied 1978 colonized patients. We found that patients with a higher burden of underlying disease in general, depression in particular, and low albumin in a blood test were more likely to be a case of infection. However, these variables did not completely predict infection, suggesting that other host and microbial factors may also be important. The average time to infection was 3 weeks, suggesting that there is time to intervene and prevent Klebsiella infections in hospitalized patients.

Identifying and developing high potential individuals is fundamental to successful companies and organizations. The present study focuses on the personality traits of high potential individuals. The High Potential Traits Inventory (HPTI) was used to investigate associations between personality traits and measures of career success, in a sample of 383 employed individuals. Results indicate HPTI personality traits relate to subjective and objective measures of success with Conscientiousness being the strongest predictor. The findings of the current study are consistent with previous research on High Flyers. Implications of the current study are discussed, suggesting a clearer operationalization of success is crucial for understanding the underlying mechanisms which lead from personality to potential.

The present paper aims to highlight the role of arterial hypotension in the progression of glaucoma. The data analyzed in this study was collected in a prospective manner for a period of one year, from september 2013 to august 2014. It includes newly diagnosed glaucoma patients treated with prostaglandin analogues and who have presented within normal range values of intraocular pressure during the study. In spite of good control of intraocular pressure, there was recorded a progression of glaucoma lesions documented using the visual field . All patients were evaluated through 24 h outpatient holter monitoring of systemic blood pressure (BP) and were consequently divided into three groups: Group A--non-dipper (within normal range of both diurnal and nocturnal BP values and no significant drop during the night). Group B--dipper (patients with nocturnal hypotension recording BP drops of more the X mmHg). Group C--patients with arterial hypertension (defined as diurnal values of more than 150 mmHg for systolic BP and 110 mmHg for dyastolic BP). After through statistical analysis of the patients data, we noticed that the most important progression of glaucoma changes objectified by visual field and OCT examinations was recorded in group B, which illustrates the importance of careful monitoring and strict control of blood pressure in order to eliminate this risk factor in the progress of glaucoma.

International audience; Relying on the behavior of the so-called ’absolute’ prepositions and their clitic complements in Sorani (Central) Kurdish, this paper argues that the latter are best regarded as affixes, despite their apparent syntactic transparency. It is further shown that non-local attachment possibilities can be accounted for either in terms of argument composition with the verbal head of the sentence or in terms of linearization approaches. These two possibilities are in complementary distribution. The first one occurs exclusively in the past transitive construction, where the ’clitic’ complement of the preposition is in some sort ’reanalyzed’ as an Object complement of the verb and is consequently realized as a lexical affix following the verbal stem. The second attachment occurs either in the intransitive or in the present transitive constructions. Since the clitic complement in this case is adjacent to the preposition, it can be introduced as an affix in the lexical entry of the preposition, where the morpheme order is underspecified. Considered as an independent domain object, it can nevertheless be attached to a host different from the preposition, which accounts for the attachment to the element preceding the preposition.