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As in 2018, when a large West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic occurred, the 2022 vector season in Italy was marked by an early onset of WNV circulation in mosquitoes and birds. Human infections were limited until early July, when we observed a rapid increase in the number of cases. We describe the epidemiology of human infections and animal and vector surveillance for WNV and compare the more consolidated data of June and July 2022 with the same period in 2018.

Additional file 1: Figure S1: Weight measurements in grams by NBW and LBW babies over 24 month follow up period. Figure S2: Weight gain (g per day per kg from previous visit) in the NBW and LBW babies over 24 month follow up period. Figure S3: Height measurements in cm for NBW and LBW babies over 24 month follow up period. Table S 1 Weight change per day (in g) from the previous visit by group (NBW vs LBW). Table S2 Estimated weight from linear mixed models and 95% confidence intervals (in grams) at birth, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months for NBW and LBW infants adjusted by age and sex. Table S3 Estimated length from linear mixed models and 95% confidence intervals (in grams) at birth, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months for NBW and LBW infants adjusted by sex. Table S4 Estimated Bayley Scales III raw scores from linear mixed models and 95% confidence intervals for gross motor skills, fine motor skills, cognitive skills, receptive communication skills and expressive communication skills in female infants. Table S5 Estimated Bayley Scales III raw scores from linear mixed models and 95% confidence intervals for gross motor skills, fine motor skills, cognitive skills, receptive communication skills and expressive communication skills in male infants. Table S6 Prediction models for outcome weight and length with predictor of age. Table S7: Prediction models for outcome weight and length with predictor of age and sex. Table S8: Prediction models for outcome weight and length with predictor of age, sex and prematurity. Table S9: Prediction models for cognitive, receptive communication and expressive communication skills with predictor of age. Table S10: Prediction models for cognitive, receptive communication and expressive communication skills with predictor of age and sex. Table S11: Prediction models for gross and fine motor skills with predictor of age. Table S12: Prediction models for gross and fine motor skills with predictor of age and sex. Table S13: Prediction models for gross and fine motor skills with predictor of age, sex and prematurity. Table S14: Reference list of the R packages used in the data analysis.

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes (BTEX) are ubiquitous outdoor and indoor air pollutants associated with both environmental and health effects. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine the magnitude and variability of urinary BTEX levels among residents of two areas located in the same city (Nicosia, Cyprus). The two areas differed with respect to their proximity to an industrial cluster and an intercity-highway. First morning urine voids were collected during a random campaign from selected households in the two urban areas (n = 48). Urinary BTEX measurements were obtained using headspace solid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The majority of participants were females (65%) and non-smokers (85%) with a mean age of 49 years. Median urinary BTEX levels were: 118 ng L−1, 124 ng L−1, 9 ng L−1, 29 ng L−1and 28 ng L−1for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, (p + m)-xylene and o-xylene, respectively. With the exception of benzene, participants from area 2 (closer to the industrial cluster and an intercity road than area 1) had significantly (p