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The current study was conducted to screen antioxidant lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from traditionally fermented Tibetan yak milk, and to evaluate their probiotic effects on the oxidative senescence of C. elegans.

The eruption of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted every field of life. But its highly adverse effects were observed in the educational field. By taking into account the seriousness of COVID-19 at a global level, almost all the countries temporarily closed the physical education system that made especially higher education learners suffer at a higher rate. HECs of the different countries instructed teachers to shift physical education to the online learning teaching method (OLTM). Pakistani learners and teachers of Higher Education also adopted this innovative educational system but they faced some problems. So, the present study aimed to investigate the expediency of OLTM and problems related to it in the context of Pakistan’s Higher Education System through Online Questionnaires and Interviews. The findings of the study revealed that OLTM didn’t prove beneficial for Pakistani learners and teachers of higher education and they faced various physical, social, economic, and psychological problems.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is leading chronic liver syndrome worldwide. Gut microbiota dysbiosis significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and severity of NAFLD. However, its role is complex and even unclear. Treatment of NAFLD through chemotherapeutic agents have been questioned because of their side effects on health. In this review, we highlighted and discussed the current understanding on the importance of gut microbiota, its dysbiosis and its effects on the gut-liver axis and gut mucosa. Further, we discussed key mechanisms involved in gut dysbiosis to provide an outline of its role in progression to NAFLD and liver cirrhosis. In addition, we also explored the potential role of probiotics as a treatment approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Based on the latest findings, it is evident that microbiota targeted interventions mostly the use of probiotics have shown promising effects and can possibly alleviate the gut microbiota dysbiosis, regulate the metabolic pathways which in turn inhibit the progression of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis. However, very limited studies in humans are available on this issue and suggest further research work to identify a specific core microbiome association with NAFLD and to discover its mechanism of pathogenesis, which will help to enhance the therapeutic potential of probiotics to NAFLD.

The research provides an insight into the disparity of power distribution in the discourse of television interview specifically of HARDtalk (a program of BBC news channel concerned with crucial issues related to politics, society, and economy) which includes two participants: the interviewer who is professionally a journalist and interviewee who is a politician. The paper investigates which members of the interview are responsible for controlling the directions of discourse and it examines the difference between casual conversation and television interview communication. Lexico-Grammatical Analysis (LGA) model by Eggins and Slade (1997) was applied for data analysis. Results of the study illustrated that distribution of power in discourse is dichotomous, although unequal, but the great amount of power resided with the interviewer as compared to the interviewee as he has to control the directions of the interview discourse. The findings further revealed that the discourse of television interviews is diverse from the casual discourse.

The objectives of the current study were to screen antioxidant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from traditionally fermented Tibetan yak milk, and to evaluate their probiotic effects on the oxidative senescence of

With the implementation of modern scientific protocols, the average human lifespan has significantly improved, but age-related problems remain a challenge. With the advent of ageing, there are alterations in gut microbiota and gut barrier functions, weak immune responses, increased oxidative stress, and other age-related disorders. This review has highlighted and discussed the current understanding on the significance of gut microbiota dysbiosis and ageing and its inherent effects against age-related oxidative stress as well as on the gut health and gut-brain axis. Further, we have discussed the key mechanism of action of Lactobacillus strains in the longevity of life, alleviating gut dysbiosis, and improving oxidative stress and inflammation to provide an outline of the role of Lactobacillus strains in restoration of gut microbiota dysbiosis and alleviating certain conditions during ageing. Microbiota-targeted interventions of some characterized strains of probiotic Lactobacillus for the restoration of gut microbial community are considered as a potential approach to improve several neurological conditions. However, very limited human studies are available on this alarmed issue and recommend further studies to identify the unique Lactobacillus strains with potential anti-ageing properties and to discover its novel core microbiome-association, which will help to increase the therapeutic potential of probiotic Lactobacillus strains to ageing.

With the implementation of modern scientific protocols, the average human lifespan has significantly improved, but age-related problems remain a challenge. With the advent of ageing, there are alterations in gut microbiota and gut barrier functions, weak immune responses, increased oxidative stress, and other age-related disorders. This review has highlighted and discussed the current understanding on the significance of gut microbiota dysbiosis and ageing and its inherent effects against age-related oxidative stress as well as on the gut health and gut-brain axis. Further, we have discussed the key mechanism of action of Lactobacillus strains in the longevity of life, alleviating gut dysbiosis, and improving oxidative stress and inflammation to provide an outline of the role of Lactobacillus strains in restoration of gut microbiota dysbiosis and alleviating certain conditions during ageing. Microbiota-targeted interventions of some characterized strains of probiotic Lactobacillus for the restoration of gut microbial community are considered as a potential approach to improve several neurological conditions. However, very limited human studies are available on this alarmed issue and recommend further studies to identify the unique Lactobacillus strains with potential anti-ageing properties and to discover its novel core microbiome-association, which will help to increase the therapeutic potential of probiotic Lactobacillus strains to ageing.

The whole research was managed to study the optimized conditions which are favorable for the production of enzymes which are the active participant in degradation of dyes. For this purpose Daedalea dickinsii was collected and isolated from the indigenous environment and was subjected for further experimentation towards the decolorization of DISPERSE dyes, which are extensively practiced in textile industries. There were given optimized conditions for the dyes to be decolorized by the fungus. The maximum degradation was observed between 5 to 8 days, after this no degradation was observed, this happened so because enzyme production stopped due to the accumulation of by products that severely retarded the enzyme growth or even stopped. The enzymes produced were Laccases, Manganese peroxidases and Lignin peroxidases, were also studied and their extent of participation in biodegradation of dyes. During the whole study it was also recorded that at which parameter there was maximum degradation occurred under optimized conditions and which parameters did not support the process. There were given many nutritional sources to record the maximum degradation, degradation became at its peak when enzymes were at their peak because carbon and nitrogen sources enhanced the enzymatic growth. It was recorded that when metallic ions were given to check the effects, enzymes showed positivity, it concluded that there existed a strong relationship between enzymatic production and application of metallic ions, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe. The extent of enzymatic activity was then recoded as a Vmax and Kmax from line- weave burk plot. From the values obtained from the above study it was concluded that Daedalea dickinsii belonging from BRF holds the ability to decolorize the dyes upto 85%, if proper nutritional needs are provided. Hence it is emphaticaly concluded that this fungus holds very active traits towards decolorization of dyes and could be a proper and active agent for the treatment of waste-water and could be useful in vanishing the environmental pollutions, thus it would possibly reduce the bad impacts arising due to environmental degradation which ultimately lead to severe disorders.

To work with agile methodologies is a big challenge in today’s IT world. Although this methodology is fast and efficient but difficult to handle in many situations because it is a self-managing and self-disciplinary approach need full determination and dedication, it’s purely business driven, delivery focused and people-oriented that was the main reasons that day by day software houses/companies adopt this methodology. Agile methodology have many different methods to follow form which In this paper we spotlighted the three agile methods named XP, Scrum and DSDM for finding which one of them is more favorable for today’s IT industry. For this we surveyed eleven different national and international software houses/companies and asked questions from them on different facts and figures related to the agile methods they worked on and selected which one is most suitable in every situation