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In this paper, presents solutions to apply internet of things (IoT) technology in the field of high-tech agriculture and aquaculture in coastal areas of Vietnam, which is currently a new problem. The system includes an application on a smartphone; access parameters via the web, a computer and an IoT control circuit capable of automatically drawing electricity from the solar panel to the energy storage to serve as a source of power for devices (monitoring cabinets). The product has the function of monitoring: water environmental indicators in shrimp ponds (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, redox index at the bottom of oxygen reduction potential (ORP)), on the website 24/24h, and controllable. Automatic control of pump system and DO generator with Inverter technology. The research results in this paper have brought high economic benefits with an automatic water quality control system to improve the productivity and quality of shrimp farming in practice for people in the aquaculture area in Bach Long commune, Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh province, Vietnam.

This article takes animal materials as contested elements of ecological knowledge production. The focus is on Ago Bay, a Japanese inlet at the mid-twentieth-century global epicenter of demand for “cultured” pearls that formed inside surgically manipulated shellfish. In 1950s Ago, long-established pearl cultivators complained that their pearls had thinner outer coatings than they expected. Tracing shifting ideas about shellfish stocking densities, smallholder aquaculture, rates of pearl formation, and the accumulation of organic wastes in water over time, this article reconsiders the puzzle of the thinly coated pearl. In its guise as host to thousands of working pearl farms and a network of researchers studying the effects of intensive pearl cultivation, Ago Bay is a rich site from which to think about aquaculture’s ecological and infrastructural limits. The bay was not simply a natural receptacle that housed pearl cultivation. The shore, water, seafloor, and floating pearl oyster raft-and-cage systems could be—and were—defined as infrastructure that could undergo regulation and rearrangement. Pearl cultivation did not just happen in the bay; it was part of the bay—and it reshaped ideas about the bay. This paper is part of a special issue entitled “Making Animal Materials in Time, ” edited by Laurence Douny and Lisa Onaga.

Growing fish in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) involves various stress factors that directly affect their physiological condition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a chelated organic-mineral additive including Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Se and I; on the rearing performance of juvenilecatfish (Clariasgariepinus) under RAS conditions. Four groups of fish (n=50) were formed: a control group (receiving standard feed) and three experimental groups (receiving standard feed with biogenic elements chelate compounds in different concentrations). At the end of the experiment (30 days), the physiological condition of the fish was evaluated by the growth rate, internal organs condition, blood serum biochemical indices and histological examination of the middle intestine. The survival rate of fish in the experimental groups was 96-98%. According to the results, the absolute increase was 14,30% in group III, 11,13% in group II and 6,71% in group I, compared to the control. However, the use of chelated compounds in high concentrations can cause necrosis and erosion of the apical part of the villi (groups II and III). Blood biochemical analysis of fish (group II and III) receiving medium and high concentrations of chelated compounds showed high ALT activity, which was 23,02% (p

Binders are the products that are used to bind, glue or hold the various feed ingredients together in order to maintain pellet integrity. For aqua-culturists, feed manufacturing is an expensive exercise due to the high cost of ingredients along with traditional artificial binders. The use of grain starches as aqua feed binders have advantages which include availability of that binder, nutritional contribution, and minimization of feed cost. A research trial was conducted to test physical properties such as palatability, water stability, dustiness, friability, settling velocity and floatation time of locally available starch i.e. wheat gluten, pea starch and guar gum and to assist their incorporation in on-farm aqua feed. Results revealed that among these three starch, the starch from pea source was proved superior over other two (wheat gluten and guar gum) as all physical quality parameters (dustiness, water stability and friability) revealed better performance of pea starch except pelletability in which guar gum performed best. Although not a single diet proved best in case of flotation time (Tf) and settling velocity (Vset) at varying lengths (6mm, 9mm and 12 mm). This finding indicates the significance of suitable binders for optimal water pollution and sustainable aquaculture. The use of these binders i.e. wheat gluten, pea starch and guar gum in fish feed pellets may also reduce dependence on synthetic binders and minimizes cost. Resumo Aglutinantes são produtos usados para unir, colar ou manter juntos os vários ingredientes da ração, a fim de conservar a integridade do pellet. Para os aquicultores, a fabricação de ração é uma atividade difícil e cara por causa do alto preço dos aglutinantes artificiais tradicionais. O uso de amidos de grãos como aglutinantes de rações aquáticas tem vantagens que incluem acessibilidade, disponibilidade, contribuição nutricional e minimização do custo da ração. Um ensaio de pesquisa foi conduzido para testar propriedades físicas, como palatabilidade, estabilidade em água, pulverulência, friabilidade, velocidade de sedimentação e tempo de flutuação de amido disponível localmente, ou seja, glúten de trigo, amido de ervilha e goma de guar, e para auxiliar sua incorporação em rações aquáticas. Os resultados revelaram que, entre esses três amidos, o amido de ervilha se mostrou superior aos outros dois (glúten de trigo e goma de guar), pois todos os parâmetros de qualidade física (pulverulência, estabilidade da água e friabilidade) obtiveram melhor desempenho, exceto peletabilidade, em que a goma de guar se destacou. Nenhuma dieta se mostrou melhor no caso de tempo de flotação (Tf) e velocidade de sedimentação em comprimentos variados (6 mm, 9 mm e 12 mm). Essa descoberta indica a importância de aglutinantes adequados para a poluição ótima da água e a aquicultura sustentável. O uso desses aglutinantes, ou seja, glúten de trigo, amido de ervilha e goma de guar, em pellets de ração para peixes também pode reduzir a dependência de aglutinantes sintéticos e minimizar o custo.

Blue mussels from the genus Mytilus are an abundant component of the benthic community, found in the high latitude habitats. These foundation species are relevant to the aquaculture industry, with over 2 million tonnes produced globally each year. Mussels withstand a wide range of environmental conditions and species from the Mytilus edulis complex readily hybridize in regions where their distributions overlap. Significant effort has been made to investigate the consequences of environmental stress on mussel physiology, reproductive isolation, and local adaptation. Yet our understanding on the genomic mechanisms underlying such processes remains limited. In this study, we developed a multi species medium-density 60 K SNP-array including four species of the Mytilus genus. SNPs included in the platform were called from 138 mussels from 23 globally distributed mussel populations, sequenced using a whole-genome low coverage approach. The array contains polymorphic SNPs which capture the genetic diversity present in mussel populations thriving across a gradient of environmental conditions (~59 K SNPs) and a set of published and validated SNPs informative for species identification and for diagnosis of transmissible cancer (610 SNPs). The array will allow the consistent genotyping of individuals, facilitating the investigation of ecological and evolutionary processes in these taxa. The applications of this array extend to shellfish aquaculture, contributing to the optimization of this industry via genomic selection of blue mussels, parentage assignment, inbreeding assessment and traceability. Further applications such as genome wide association studies (GWAS) for key production traits and those related to environmental resilience are especially relevant to safeguard aquaculture production under climate change.

The pollution of antibiotics commonly existed throughout the entire aquaculture process, but the residues of antibiotics at different aquaculture stages have rarely been studied. This study investigated the occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics at different aquaculture stages (the non-aquaculture stage, the early aquaculture stage, the middle aquaculture stage, and the late aquaculture stage) in two typical marine aquaculture areas (Mahegang River and Dingzi Bay) surrounding the Yellow Sea. Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines were commonly used antibiotics in the aquaculture of these areas with high detection frequencies (17% to 83%). Compared among four aquaculture stages, the highest concentration of antibiotics (9032.08 ng/L) in aquaculture ponds was detected at the late aquaculture stage. And the antibiotic pollution level of natural water was directly related to the aquaculture stages. Similarly, at the aquaculture stages, the detection frequency of antibiotics in sediments was higher than that at the non-aquaculture stage. Based on the correlation analysis, the concentration of main antibiotics in water showed a positive correlation with total nitrogen (p0.05) and chlorophyll a (p0.01), while it showed a negative correlation with salinity (p0.01) in coastal water of the Dingzi Bay. According to the risk assessment, with the development of aquaculture stages, the selection pressure of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines on resistant bacteria had increased. And the ecological risks caused by sulfonamides and tetracyclines to aquatic organisms had also increased markedly. Overall, this study may provide a reference for formulating regulatory policies regarding antibiotic use at different aquaculture stages.

Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). This study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the Strategic Project granted to MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (UIDB/04292/2020 and UIDP/04292/2020) and the project granted to the Associated Laboratory ARNET (LA/P/0069/2020). Luana Granada also wish to acknowledge the financial support given by FCT (SFRH/BD/102036/2014). Sara Novais is funded by national funds through FCT, in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5, and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of 29 August, changed by Law 57/2017, of 19 July. Brachionus plicatilis is a cosmopolitan rotifer used as a model organism in several research areas and as live food in aquaculture. Being a species complex, responses to stressors vary even among strains of the same species and, thus, the responses of one species are not representative of the whole complex. This study aimed to address the effects of extreme salinity ranges, and different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, copper, cadmium, and chloramphenicol, in two strains of B. koreanus (MRS10 and IBA3) from B. plicatilis species complex, by assessing effects on their survival and swimming capacity. Neonates (0–4 h old) were exposed to the stressors in 48 well-microplates, for 24 and 6 h, to evaluate lethal and behavioural effects, respectively. Tested conditions of chloramphenicol did not show any effects on rotifers. The behavioural endpoint showed to be particularly sensitive to assess the effects of high salinity, hydrogen peroxide, and copper sulfate, as swimming capacity impairment was observed for both strains in the lowest concentrations used in lethal tests. Overall, results showed that IBA3 was more tolerant to the majority of stressors, comparing to MRS10, which may be due to differences in physiological characteristics, highlighting the importance of performing multiclonal experiments. Also, swimming capacity inhibition proved to be a good alternative to the classical lethality tests, being sensitive to lower concentrations and with shorter exposure periods. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The intensification of aquaculture has brought about the need to find alternative feed supplement sources to reduce production costs. One of the alternative sources of feed in fish farming is animal manure. However, the use of animal manure may cause health problems in fish cultures. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of probiotics on Nile tilapia fingerlings subjected to microbial challenge using swine manure. Three hundred (300) fingerlings weighing 2±0.05g and measuring 5±0.06 cm, were distributed among four treatments with three replications each. Swine manure was inoculated in water in the proportion of 10 % of fingerlings live weight. Probiotics Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum were used as ration supplements in the proportions of 0.5 % per 100 g of ration. The results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in terms of growth between treatments. The inclusion of S. cerevisiae reduced the number of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of fingerlings and resulted in better production performance. Feed supplementation with L. plantarum had no effect, neither on production, nor on intestinal microbial population. The fingerlings under study showed typical signs of yersiniosis, edwardiellosis and mycobacteriosis. From the experiment it was concluded that the supplementation of the probiotic S. cerevisiae on the Nile tilapia fingerlings treated with swine manure showed a positive effect in the sense that this probiotic avoided the intestinal colonization of fingerlings by pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, the presence of the probiotic seems to promote better grow performance and hence reinforce the results of previous studies on the role of probiotics in aquaculture. More experimental studies are required, particularly in situ experiments, with the addition of other performance analyses linked to the immune response of the fingerlings.

The aquaculture industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the food industry. The Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus, is an important and inexpensive species of fish. A study was conducted to determine the effects of divergent dietary crude proteins on fish growth performance and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens infecting all-male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Forty-eight fish samples were grouped into three groups based on crude protein percentages, including 15%, 30%, and 45%, and the fish's body weight and length were measured on days 15, 30, 45, and 60. Ordinary one-way ANOVA (Tukey's multiple comparison test) was applied to three divergent dietary crude protein groups for the examination of growth performance at different time points. Using the same fish samples, bacterial strains were isolated from fish skin and gills and identified based on their morphological characteristics and biochemical testing. Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of identified bacterial isolates. The ANOVA (Tukey's multiple comparison test) results showed that 45% crude protein level in fish feed led to a greater growth rate than 15% and 30% under high-performance conditions. The antibiotic susceptibility findings indicate thatStaphylococcus aureusshowed the highest sensitivity (50%) toward antibiotics whilePseudomonas aeruginosashowed the least susceptibility (10%). The study provides a new perspective on the impact of crude protein on fish growth performance, as well as baseline information for the management of fish diseases based on antibiotic sensitivity.

Aquaculture needs innovative biotechnological interventions to overcome challenges in terms of rapid disease diagnosis, production of disease-free or high health brood stock for seed production, suitable preventive and therapeutic measures to control disease outbreaks. Increased in growth rate of world fish’s population demand. Aquaculture, therefore, remains the last hope for providing enough fish for the world, but with limited land and water space. Aquaculture biotechnology, therefore, has come to have a key role to play as it can make a great contribution to improving aquaculture yields. These techniques are potentially faster and more sensitive than traditional culture, serology and histology methods. The DNA-based techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Real-time-PCR (qPCR), multiplex PCR, DNA probe-based in situ hybridization and microarray etc. there have a wide scope of applications in fish disease diagnosis. The application of biotechnology to various production systems does not come without its negative impacts but even still, the merits far outweigh the associated concerns because the techniques are constantly being developed thereby reducing the negative impacts thereof. Therefore, there is need to adopt biotechnological practices if the world is to stand any chance of achieving food security.&nbsp

Light is an essential natural factor of fish growth and development. A light regime in indoor aquaculture is critical for sustainable fish production. This research aimed to investigate the effect of light intensity and photoperiod on the growth performance and stress response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which is an important commercial species, in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Fingerlings with an average weight of 5 ± 0.9 g were randomly assigned to nine 1.5 m3 tanks with 145 fish in each tank, cultured under different light intensities (1000, 2000, and 3000 lx) and photoperiods (12L:12D, 18L:6D, 24L:0D), and fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 160 days. The growth of tilapia subjected to 2000 lx was significantly better than that exposed to 1000 and 3000 lx (P 0.05). Light intensity and photoperiod manipulation did not cause a significant chronic stress response in tilapia. This study demonstrated that light intensity, especially at 2000 lx, and photoperiod manipulation could stimulate the growth of tilapia in the RAS and significantly affect economic profitability. This study also served as an important reference for tilapia indoor aquaculture.

Adopting improved management practices for rearing carp can play a vital role in developing the aquaculture sector of Bangladesh. This study identifies the factors that facilitate the adoption of improved management practices and their relationship with productivity. Primary data was collected from 300 carp farmers through face-to-face interviews. Improved management practices were divided into three categories: simple, intermediate and complex. Findings indicated that high adopters (those who adopted at least one simple, one intermediate and one complex practice) were only around 10% of respondents. The adoption of improved management practices was influenced by spousal education level, training, extension contact, and off-farm income sources. Productivity of high adopters was 38% higher than that of non-adopters. Policy implications from this research included improving extension facilities from public agencies to facilitate adoption of improved practices and to increase and sustain productivity in carp farming. Modifying the current extension approach and diversifying income sources among farmers will facilitate widespread adoption of improved management practices.

Su yosunları, su ürünleri içerisinde fonksiyonel besinler olarak nitelendirilebilen biyoaktif bileşikleri içeren önemli bir kaynaktır. Bileşimlerinde yer alan yağ asitleri, polisakkaritler, biyoaktif peptitler, fenolik bileşikler, çeşitli mineral madde ve pigmentler su yosunlarını fonksiyonel besin ve nutrasötik olarak değerlendirilmesine neden olmaktadır. Su yosunları içerdiği besin bileşenleri nedeniyle konstipasyon, kolon kanser riskini azaltmada, vücut ağırlık kontrolü ve hiperkolesterolemi, anemi, hipertansiyon, inflamasyonun azaltılması ve bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerinde olumlu etki sağlamada yardımcı olması gibi sağlık etkileri ile dikkati çekmektedir. Su yosunlarının bilinen besleyici özellikleri ve biyoaktif bileşikleri nedeniyle vücut tarafından bitkisel ve hayvansal besin kaynaklarına yakın bir sindirim ve emilim varlığı su yosunlarını odak noktası haline getirmiştir. Ayrıca, özellikle bitkisel ve hayvansal gıdaların günümüzdeki çeşitlik, üretim azlığı ve zorluğu, üretim maliyeti gibi unsurlar dikkate alındığında, su yosunlarının daha düşük maliyet ve yüksek verime sahip olması onları ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Fonksiyonel besin içerisinde değerlendirilen su yosunlarının ticari olarak nutrasötik, farmasötik ve besin destek ürünü olarak kullanımının yaygınlaşacağı sonucunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, su ürünleri içerisinde yer alan su yosunlarının fonksiyonel besinler açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır., Algae are an important source of bioactive compounds that can be qualified as functional nutrients in aquacultural products. Fatty acids, polysaccharides, bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, various minerals, and pigments in their composition cause algae to be evaluated as nutraceuticals in functional foods. Due to the nutritional components, it contains, algae attract attention with its health effects such as helping to reduce the risk of constipation, colon cancer, body weight control and hypercholesterolemia, anemia, hypertension, reducing inflammation, and providing a positive effect on the intestinal microbiota. Owing to the known nutritive properties of algae and bioactive compounds, the presence of digestion and absorption close to the plant and animal food sources by the body has made algae a focus. Besides, when factors such as diversity, scarcity, the difficulty of production, and the production cost of plant and animal foods are considered, the lower cost and higher efficiency of seaweeds make them stand out. It reveals that the commercial use of algae, which is considered as a functional food, as a nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and nutritional supplement product will become widespread. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the algae in aquaculture in terms of functional nutrients.

Increases in aquaculture production due to higher demand for aquatic foods result in an increase in the amount of aquaculture wastewater. This situation highlights the need for the effective treatment of wastewater in sustainable aquaculture. Today, instead of traditional physical and chemical methods in the treatment of wastewater originating from aquaculture, ecosystem-sensitive and by-product-oriented systems have begun to be adopted. The main principle of the zero-waste approach is the recycling of the nutrients in the wastewater to produce another food. In this new innovative approach, the production of other organisms from the different trophic levels using the wastewater of aquaculture in the integrated multi-trophic systems (such as aquaponics) is possible to recycle the nutrients. It has been considered the integrated multi-trophic systems (IMTA) more valuable as these systems can be used both in environment-friendly wastewater treatment and in the conversion of nutrients in wastewater to biomass. The nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater can be utilized to produce two organisms (i.e. fish+mussel) or three organisms (i.e. fish+mussel+seaweed) through IMTA. Aquaculture wastewater can be used to reduce the nutrients in constructed wetlands and plant lagoons representing the reasonable approach for sustainable aquaculture and wastewater treatment.Here, the innovative approach to sustainable aquaculture wastewater treatment was reviewed for the current and innovative technologies. It was emphasized that the need for environment-friendly wastewater treatment Technologies such as aquaponics, enlargement of constructed wetlands, or increase in using the integrated multi-trophic production systems (IMTA) in practice are recommended for sustainable aquaculture., Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğine artan gereksinime paralel olarak artan üretim miktarı, işletmelerin atık miktarında da doğrusal bir artışa neden olmaktadır. Bu durum, yoğun su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde atık suların etkin bir şekilde arıtımı konusunu öne çıkarmaktadır. Günümüzde su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği kaynaklı atık suların arıtımında, geleneksel fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerin yerine, ekosisteme duyarlı ve besin zincirinin farklı seviyelerinde üretimi devreye sokan sistemler daha fazla benimsenmeye başlanmıştır. Atık su içinde bulunan besin elementlerinin farklı bir gıda üretimiyle döngüye katılması, sıfır atık yaklaşımının esasını oluşturmaktadır. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin çıkış sularını kullanan entegre üretim sistemleri (örneğin; akuaponik) atık içinde bulunan besin elementlerinin tekrar geri kazanımını sağlamaktadır. Entegre sistemler, su ürünleri atık sularının arıtımında hem atık içinde besin elementlerinin biyomasa dönüşümünü sağlamakta hem de çevreyle uyumlu arıtım yöntemi olarak değer kazanmaktadır. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği çıkış suları, entegre sistemler yardımıyla balık yanında ikili (örneğin; balık+midye) ya da üçlü (örneğin; balık+midye+yosun) yetiştiricilikte kullanılabilmektedir. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği çıkış sularının yapay sulak alanlarda ya da bitki lagünlerinde belli besin elementlerinin azaltılması amacıyla kullanılması da sürdürülebilir yetiştiricilik ve atık su arıtımı için uygun yaklaşımlar arasındadır.Bu derleme çalışmasında, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinden gelen atık suların arıtımına yönelik mevcut ve ekolojik bazda yenilikçi teknolojiler ele alınmış; sürdürülebilir su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği ve çevreyle uyumlu atık arıtımı için yapay sulak alanlar ve entegre multi-trofik yetiştiricilik sistemlerinin pratikte kullanımının artırılması gereği vurgulanmıştır.

Meta-analysis is a statistical analysis of the data obtained from multiple studies and provides a quantitative synthesis of research results. It can be a key tool for facilitating rapid progress in aquaculture by quantifying what is known and identifying what is not yet known. However, due to the complexity of the environment and problems associated with the use of model in aquaculture, it remain few guidelines for the design, implementation or interpretation of meta-analysis in the field of aquaculture. Here, we first briefly reviewed the history of meta-analysis, then summarized the applications of meta-analysis in terms of major procedures, standards, and methods. Next, we critically reviewed the results of meta-analysis studies in the production chain of aquaculture and identified the potentials for improving yield in both quantity and quality. Overall, there is a large room for improving yield along the production chain. Large contributions can be found in breeding, feed, and farm management. For example, improving breeding can increase yield by 5.6% to 49%, depending on fish species and type of improvements. This study revealed large potentials for improving yield in the production chain of aquaculture and summarized the application of meta-analysis in aquaculture. Some recommendations of standardizing and improving meta-analysis in aquaculture were proposed.

One of the main objectives of the present study was an effective replacement of dietary fishmeal/fish oil (FM/FO) by new raw materials without negatively affecting European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) performance and health status within a selection breeding context. The genomic selection of this species is still in its infancy if compared to salmonids and in particular, the role of D.labrax genome in shaping the gut microbiome, has been scarcely investigated. Wildtype (WT) and selected (GS) sea bass were fed with two diets: a control (20% FM/ 5–9% FO), and a “future” (F) diet, in which FM was decreased to 10% being replaced by poultry meal, whereas FO was completely replaced by a blend of rapeseed, poultry, and algae oils. The morphological evaluation of the intestine revealed a well-organized folding pattern and a conserved gut epithelial barrier for all fish groups. Despite a basal level of inflammation in the proximal intestine of WT fish, no differences were observed neither in the morphometric characteristics of goblet cells nor in the expression of GALT-related genes in response to fish genotype or diet. At distal intestine, WT fish showed a higher inflammatory status and larger goblet cells than GS fish and within the same genotype, fish fed the F diet had in general larger goblet cells. In distal intestine, a significant effect was found on the expression of 3 out of 7 target GALT genes. In particular, the expression of cytokines il-1β, tnf-α, and il-10 was different, showing an interaction effect diet x genotype. Diet had a lower influence upon gut bacterial composition than genotype. Indeed, regardless of the diet, WT fish showed higher species richness than GS genotype and this could be a direct consequence of selective breeding for multiple traits selection including growth, external morphology for lower abdominal fat deposition and adaptation to multiple and successive feed sources and composition across generations of selection. Furthermore, the gut microbiota of GS fish shared a reduced individual variability, indicating an enhanced capacity to cope with changes in diet composition. The less changes of GS sea bass at the level of gut bacterial composition in cumulating data collected with the feeds, demonstrate a capacity to reshape their microbiota thus better adapting to the diet, but with no negative impact on their growth performances, and even a better growth. A significant genotype effect was found for specific bacterial taxa, such as Paracoccus genus and other genera belonging to Moraxellaceae family, which were enriched in WT fish, regardless of the diet. Interestingly, the relative abundance of Paracoccus genus was positively correlated with higher proinflammatory cytokine il-1β expression found in distal intestine of wildtype sea bass.

Objectives. Lower back pain (LBP) is extremely prevalent in seafood harvesters who often have limited or no access to ergonomic consultation, occupational health support and rehabilitation services. This pilot study aimed to describe a participatory ergonomic approach and determine the feasibility and extent of adoption of self-management strategies in clam farmers with LBP. Methods. A rapid prototype participatory ergonomic approach was used to develop context-specific self-management strategies. Options to adjust lifting and repetitive stress were introduced using video clips, demonstrations and discussions in the workplace. Workers chose and implemented three strategies for 8 weeks with weekly reminders. Survey and qualitative data from focus groups were analyzed. Results. Team strategies were the most popular, but individual options were used more often. Strategies were considered feasible, acceptable and relatively easy to use. Strategies were implemented relatively consistently, and most improved productivity with decreased pain. Challenges for uptake included changing habit, culture and team dynamics. Conclusions. Participatory rapid prototyping provided a feasible and efficient option to introduce strategies for clam farmers with small teams, variable work processes and workloads, and time restrictions. Strategies were considered acceptable and easy to use, and most increased productivity. These methods show potential for future research.

-An experiment lasting 180 days was carried out to evaluate the influence of sex on the performance and production of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) when reared in closed recirculation systems using only males, only females, or with both genders. A total of 300 fish (41.49±6.82gand 16.53±0.95cm) were used, comprising 150 females and 150 males distributed in an experimental structure consisting of three closed water recirculation systems coupled to a 20,000 L culture tank and a 20,000L biofiltration tank connected by a 3,500Lh-1 water pump. The first system contained 100 females, the second, 100 males, and the third, 50 females and 50 males. High fish weight variations were observed regardless of sex. Female weight gains and specific growth rates were 41.51% and 28.94% higher compared to males, respectively, exhibiting greater growth than males raised monosexually or in mixed rearing systems, with no effect on chemical composition or trunk yield. The findings thus indicate that both male and female silver catfish exhibit wide weight variations and females that gain more biomass than males reared monosexually or in mixed-sex systems. Resumo - Um experimento de 180 dias foi conduzido para avaliar a influência do gênero sobre o desempenho e produção de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen) criados em um sistema de recirculação fechada monossexo e misto. Foram utilizados 300 peixes (41,49±6,82g e 16,53±0,95cm) sendo 150 fêmeas e 150 machos distribuídos na estrutura experimental, que constava de três sistemas fechados de recirculação de água, com um tanque de cultivo e um tanque de biofiltragem, ambos de 20.000L de capacidade e ligados por uma bomba d’água de 3.500Lh-1. O primeiro sistema foi composto por 100 fêmeas, o segundo por 100 machos e o terceiro por 50 fêmeas e 50 machos. Os peixes, independente do gênero, apresentaram uma grande variação de peso. O ganho de peso e a taxa de crescimento específico das fêmeas foram, respectivamente, 41,51% e 28,94% superiores aos machos. Fêmeas de jundiá apresentam um crescimento superior a machos criados de maneira monossexual ou mista, sem efeito sobre a composição química ou rendimento do tronco. Esta espécie apresenta ampla variação de peso, independente do sexo, a criação de fêmeas pode apresentar um melhor ganho de biomassa que a criação de indivíduos machos ou mista.

The search for sustainable alternative food sources has led to the expansion of aquaculture, with the proliferation of marine farms in more and more places, some of them very touristic. The installation of these farms in the waters of consolidated Sun and Beach tourist destinations represents a planning challenge, which requires consideration of the potential environmental and economic impacts of those activities on tourism attractions. This article critically analyzes the implementation of marine farms in the Costa Blanca (Alicante), one of the most consolidated Sun and Beach tourist destinations in the Mediterranean. The case study shows that the environmental impact studies and other documentation accompanying these projects do not include tourism aspects, which represents a deficiency that jeopardizes the economic and social sustainability of the projects. This work was supported by Excelencia para el profesorado universitario de la Universidad de Alcalá [grant number EPU-INV-UAH/2021/003].

Establishing suitable salt tolerant all-male tilapia strains with fast growth rate is a crucial requirement for successful euryhaline farming required for controlling prolific breeding and as an adaptation to the effect of climate-induced drought. This study assessed the percentage of tilapia male hybrids, their growth performance and survival rate produced by crossing female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and male Rufiji tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis urolepis) at different salinities. The fingerlings were reared for 70 days in triplicate concrete tanks (1 m3), each stocked with 15 fish weighing 1.62 ± 0.03 g, 1.69 ± 0.02 g and 1.41 ± 0.06 g exposed to 2, 15 and 35 ppt salinities, respectively. Acclimatization was done by adding seawater to freshwater at a rate of 2 ppt per day for 18 days. Fish sexing was done by visual assessment of the genital papilla followed by rearing the hybrids for six months to observe reproduction. Results showed that, the cross between O. niloticus (female) and O. urolepis urolepis (male) produced hybrids that were all-males without any reproduction within six months post hybridization. The hybrids reared at a salinity of 2 ppt had higher growth performance than those reared at 15 and 35 ppt. Similarly, hybrids cultured at 15 ppt had significantly higher growth performance than those reared at 35 ppt. All the hybrids produced had survival rates of 100%. This study indicated that, all-male tilapia produced by crossing between O. niloticus (female) and O. urolepis (male) can be used by fish farmers as alternative species for mariculture development to control prolific breeding and as an adaptation strategy to climate change.

Chinese sea perch (Lateolabrax Maculatus) is one of the main marine fish culture species in China, its green development has received increasing attention and its ecological economic study is rare. Based on field survey, this paper takes water pollution tax of China as conversion indicator for aquaculture eutrophication to simulate aquaculture waste fee for further analyzing the ecological impact of Chinese sea perch's aquaculture. For data analysis, data envelopment analysis model has been used. The comparison for Chinese sea perch's economic performance and ecological economic performance under its main aquaculture systems has been done. The results show that: 1. The simulated waste fee has no significant impact for the comparison. 2. Ranking for ecological economic performance's ecological economic, technical and scale efficiency is as follow: pond farming, offshore cage culture and cage culture. 3. Offshore cage culture is the only system presenting positive increase for ecological economic performance, which makes its aquaculture activity more sustainable than other systems. 4. The key point of green development is to maximize the ecological economic efficiency of main aquaculture systems. Thus, offshore cage culture is the most sustainable aquaculture system among China's current marine fish culture systems, and other systems need innovation for achieving the green development of China's aquaculture.

The present study investigated the involvement of key molecular regulators of oxidative stress in amoebic gill disease (AGD), a parasitic infestation in Atlantic salmon. In addition, the study evaluated how these molecular biomarkers responded when AGD-affected fish were exposed to a candidate chemotherapeutic peracetic acid (PAA). Atlantic salmon were experimentally infected with the parasite Neoparameoba perurans, the causative agent of AGD, by bath exposure and after 2 weeks, the fish were treated with three commercial PAA products (i.e., Perfectoxid, AquaDes and ADDIAqua) at a dose of 5 ppm. Two exposure durations were evaluated - 30 min and 60 min. Sampling was performed 24 h and 2 weeks after PAA treatment (equivalent to 2- and 4-weeks post infection). At each sampling point, the following parameters were evaluated: gross gill pathology, gill parasitic load, plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), histopathology and gene expression profiling of genes with key involvement in oxidative stress in the gills and olfactory organ. AGD did not result in systemic oxidative stress as ROS and TAC levels remained unchanged. There were no clear patterns of AGD-mediated regulation of the oxidative stress biomarkers in both the gills and olfactory organ; significant changes in the expression were mostly related to time rather than infection status. However, the expression profiles of the oxidative stress biomarkers in AGD-affected salmon, following treatment with PAA, revealed that gills and olfactory organ responded differently - upregulation was prominent in the gills while downregulation was more frequent in the olfactory organ. The expression of catalase, glutathione S-transferase and thioredoxin reductase 2 was significantly affected by the treatments, both in the gills and olfactory organ, and these alterations were influenced by the duration of exposure and PAA product type. Parasitic load in the gills did significantly increase after treatment regardless of the product and exposure duration; the parasite was undetectable in some fish treated with AquaDes for 30 mins. However, PAA treated groups for 30 min showed lower macroscopic gill scores than the infected-untreated fish. Histology disclosed the classic pathological findings such as multifocal hyperplasia and increased number of mucous cells in AGD-affected fish. Microscopic scoring of gill injuries showed that AGD-infected-PAA-treated fish had lower scores, however, an overall trend could not be established. The morphology and structural integrity of the olfactory organ were not significantly altered by parasitism or PAA treatment. Collectively, the results indicate that AGD did not affect the systemic and mucosal oxidative status of Atlantic salmon. However, such a striking profile was changed when AGD-affected fish were exposed to oxidative chemotherapeutics. Moreover, the gills and olfactory organ demonstrated distinct patterns of gene expression of oxidative stress biomarkers in AGD-infected-PAA-treated fish. Lastly, PAA treatment did not fully resolve the infection, but appeared not to worsen the mucosal health either.

Shell-boring polychaete worms can severely impact shellfish aquaculture by reducing growth rates and compromising tissue quality of their molluscan hosts. In this study we report the first known instance of shell-infestation of commercially important scallops on Nantucket Island by the cryptogenic polydorid Polydora neocaeca. Additional analyses indicate a high level of genetic connectivity between worms from Nantucket Island and the US mainland, forming a distinct haploclade which is genetically isolated from populations from South Africa and Japan. While transportation of infected seed could have introduced the worm to Nantucket, limited sampling and the paucity of sequence data available makes it impossible to definitely determine its origins.

This study investigated the effects of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (OEO) anaesthesia and stress-related physiological parameters in tilapia mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus) post-juveniles. Fish were subjected to different concentrations of OEO (25, 50, 100, and 150 μL L−1) to assess the effects of the anaesthesia and recovery time. A second experiment subjected fish to other handling treatments, including a control (no OEO exposure), ethanol solution, 25 μL L−1 (low effective anaesthesia concentration of OEO), and 100 μL L−1 high effective anaesthesia concentration of OEO) for 10 min to assess the haemato-biochemical indices and survival rate at 0 h and after 24 h. Moreover, all the tested OEO concentrations induced anaesthesia in the studied fish, where the anaesthesia induction time decreased with increased OEO concentrations. Meanwhile, the inverse was reported for recovery time. Based on the ideal anaesthetic criteria, 50 μL L−1 and 100 μL L−1 were the suitable concentrations that could be recommended for quick anaesthesia. However, according to the haemato-biochemical parameters and survival results, 25 μL L−1 was safe to anaesthetise tilapia mossambicus for 10 min and could be recommended for time-consuming fish-handling procedures. Future studies should investigate multiple factors that influence anaesthesia in fish for better optimisation of OEO in tilapia mossambicus.

Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and total dissolved solids are important environmental factors affecting fish welfare. The deterioration of these parameters beyond the tolerance limits causes environmental stress and suppression of the immune system. Moreover, it allows opportunistic pathogens that are always present in the environment to infect immune-suppressed fish and cause serious disease outbreaks. In this study, water quality parameters and pathogenic bacteria profiles were monitored for 1 year in rainbow trout farms operating in the same river basin. Then, a data set was created considering the pathogenic bacteria in the diseased fish and the water quality parameters in the farm environment. Each of the water quality parameters in the data set was first used as an attribute and their order of importance in terms of disease outbreak was determined. Then, using multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis, which is one of the machine learning (ML) techniques, the possibility of water quality parameters revealing a disease outbreak was evaluated. Furthermore, very effective models that can be used to predict the probability of disease occurrence in trout farms with an accuracy of 95.65% have been created.

A novel bacterium designated RR4-40

Food production environments in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are recognized as posing significant and increasing risks to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the greatest threats to global public health and food security systems. In order to maximize and expedite action in mitigating AMR, the World Bank and AMR Global Leaders Group have recommended that AMR is integrated into wider sustainable development strategies. Thus, there is an urgent need for tools to support decision makers in unravelling the complex social and environmental factors driving AMR in LMIC food-producing environments and in demonstrating meaningful connectivity with other sustainable development issues. Here, we applied the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) conceptual framework to an aquaculture case study site in rural Bangladesh, through the analysis of distinct social, microbiological, and metagenomic data sets. We show how the DPSIR framework supports the integration of these diverse data sets, first to systematically characterize the complex network of societal drivers of AMR in these environments and second to delineate the connectivity between AMR and wider sustainable development issues. Our study illustrates the complexity and challenges of addressing AMR in rural aquaculture environments and supports efforts to implement global policy aimed at mitigating AMR in aquaculture and other rural LMIC food-producing environments.

Future food systems aim to achieve improved resource use efficiency and minimized environmental footprint through a circular bioeconomy-based approach. Aquaponics is a hallmark of such circular food production. The image of a circular nutrient utilization efficiency in aquaponics is often weakened by the daily use of additional inorganic fertilizers in such systems. As circular bioeconomy greatly emphasizes developing bio-based solutions, the presented novel inventory 'TilaFeed' and its associated utility tools is a step towards achieving more circular nutrient utilization and bioeconomy in future aquaponics. Through the formulation of tailored fish feed that is compatible with aquaponic systems' needs (e.g. plant nutrient requirement, mineralization efficiency of microbial sludge digesters), the objectives of TilaFeed are (i) to solve nutrient constraints in aquaponic systems, both for fish and plants; (ii) to avoid or strongly limit artificial fertilizer use in aquaponics by smartly tailored aquafeeds; and (iii) to equip system managers with decision-making tools for improved nutrient planning of their aquaponic systems. TilaFeed is a bio-based inventory. It integrates material (nutrient) flow information from feed to fish (in-vivo nutrient partitioning, forms of excretion) to environment (in-situ nutrient loading, nutrient forms) and primary producers (mineralization by microbes, available nutrients to plants). Based on TilaFeed-Model, feed for future aquaponics may be more precisely formulated with the principle that nutrients are not only a resource for fish, but excreted nutrients from fish (feed) also fertilize the microbes and plants.

Advances in genomics and the gradual reduction of cost for technologies like whole-genome sequencing have provided exciting opportunities for developing modern biotechnological-based vaccines in aquaculture. This systemic review describes the prospects and challenges of implementing these high-tech vaccines in fish species. The majority of the commercial vaccines in aquaculture utilize conventional procedures for which cost of administration, protective immunity and safety issues are the major challenges. In recent years, more efficient vaccines are being developed by adopting the advances in vaccine technology. Vaccines based on surface antigens, protein/peptide/polysaccharide subunits, recombinant DNA/mRNA/plasmids, novel antigen expression and delivery systems (bacteriophage particles, virus like particles/VLPs, recombinant yeast, mucosal vaccines), novel molecular adjuvants (IL-8, IL-12, HSPs), and encapsulation polymers and polysaccharides like chitosan nanoparticles and PLGA microcapsule were successfully developed. These biotechnology-based vaccines have proved to be very efficient in field trials, but are always in the research pipeline or as patents. Only very few of them are licensed for use, that too, in high-valued fishes like salmonids. Currently, commercial aquaculture vaccines are available for Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella ictalurid, and for certain Betanodaviruses. Nevertheless, no registered vaccines are available for other major infectious diseases/pathogens such as viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), viral nervous necrosis virus (VNN) and certain other betanodaviruses, channel catfish virus (CCV), gill disease bacteria, mycobacteria, flavobacterium, Edwardsiella tarda, and certain streptococci. Despite the important economic losses that the pathogens cause to aquaculture worldwide, the commercialization of vaccines remains limited due to immunological pitfalls in aquatic species, large-scale vaccination issues, unregulated use of antibiotics and chemicals, gene-based vaccine regulations and commercial viability. If attempts are to be made to develop novel delivery methods, cost-effective procedures, and relaxations in DNA vaccine regulations, biotechnology-based vaccination could circumvent the emerging disease challenges in aquaculture.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with anthocyanin extracted from black rice bran (AR) on the growth rate, immunological response, and expression of immune and antioxidant genes in Nile tilapia raised in an indoor biofloc system. A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (15.14 ± 0.032 g) were maintained in 150 L tanks and acclimatized for two weeks. Five experimental AR diets (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg

Aims Despite the recent prosperity of shrimp cultivation in China, very little is known about how different shrimp farming models influence the dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus populations and the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium. Methods and Results To this end, we conducted continuous surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus on four farms over 3 years: two traditional shrimp farms with daily water exchange and two farms operated in the recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). No antibiotics were used in these farms to exclude the potential impacts of antibiotics on the emergence of antibacterial resistance. Multilocus sequence typing was utilized to characterize the dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus populations. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted to determine the representative sequence types (STs) at each farm. Results revealed that the population structure of V. parahaemolyticus remained stable over time in both RAS farms, with only nine and four STs observed at each. In contrast, annual replacement of V. parahaemolyticus populations was observed in traditional farms with 26 and 28 STs identified in rearing water. WGS of 50 isolates divided them into five clusters, of which ST917a isolates harboured a genomic island that disrupted the gene recA. Pair-wised genomic comparison of isolates from the same STs showed that they were genetically related but belonged to different clones associated with geographical distribution. Conclusions These results suggested that RAS presented a specific ecological niche by minimizing the water exchanges with the external environment. In contrast, traditional farming might pose a food safety issue by introducing new V. parahaemolyticus populations with antibiotic resistance genes. Significance and Impact of the Study Our results expose the potential food safety issue associated with conventional agriculture and should encourage the development of preventive strategies to reduce the emergence of resistant V. parahaemolyticus populations.

Goldfish or Kinguio is a widely marketed species worldwide due to the ornamental market. There is some lack of acknowledgment of the production of the species under specific climatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of temperature on embryonic development and the first exogenous feeding of goldfish, an experiment was proposed. Fifteen incubators, organized in five treatments (18, 22, 26, 30, and 34 °C) with three replications each, were used to keep the fertilized goldfish eggs until the first exogenous feeding of the larvae. The main development events were observed to understand the possible effects of these temperatures on embryos and larvae of the species. Temperature influences embryo development and the time of first exogenous feeding of goldfish. The temperature of 34 °C was lethal to the species causing 100% of anomalies in the embryos and larvae. The experiment data allow us to conclude that the species presents a maximum thermal limit during embryogenesis, and these data are important to the aquaculture industry and to understand the effect of climate changes on goldfish. The data obtained in this experiment will assist in the management of invasive species and production of the species (aquaculture). Resumo O peixe dourado ou Kinguio é uma espécie amplamente comercializada em todo o mundo devido ao mercado ornamental. Existe alguma falta de conhecimento da produção da espécie em condições climáticas específicas. Para avaliar o efeito da temperatura no desenvolvimento embrionário e na primeira alimentação exógena do Kinguio, um experimento foi proposto. Quinze incubadoras, organizadas em cinco tratamentos (18, 22, 26, 30 e 34 °C) com três repetições cada, foram utilizadas para manter os ovos fertilizados de Kinguio até a primeira alimentação exógena das larvas. Os principais eventos do desenvolvimento foram observados para entender os possíveis efeitos dessas temperaturas em embriões e larvas da espécie. A temperatura influencia o desenvolvimento do embrião e o tempo da primeira alimentação exógena do Kinguio. A temperatura de 34°C foi letal para a espécie causando 100% de anomalias nos embriões e larvas. Os dados do experimento permitem concluir que a espécie apresenta um limite térmico máximo durante a embriogênese, sendo esses dados importantes para a indústria da aquicultura e para entender o efeito das mudanças climáticas no Kinguio. Os dados obtidos neste experimento auxiliarão no manejo de espécies invasoras e na produção da espécie (aquicultura).

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary propolis alcohol extract supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphometry, and physiologic parameters Nile tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) juveniles. For performance experiment and intestinal morphometry, 120 fish averaging 1.41±0.3g were randomly distributed into 24 tanks (70L each) in a closed recirculation water system with constant aeration and biofilter. The animals were distributed into four treatments using a completely randomized design with six replicates per treatment. The treatments consisted of four pellet feeds with different alcohol propolis concentrations extract (AEP) (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5gkg-1). The performance experiment period was conducted for 45 days. For the digestibility experiment, an inert marker in the feed and the adapted Guelph feces collecting system were used. The results showed no differences in the performance parameters, crude protein apparent digestibility and dry matter of the feeds, intestinal morphometry, and physiologic parameters. However, there was an increasing linear effect on the energy digestibility with increasing PAE concentrations in the fish feed. The usage of the propolis extract supplementation levels of 1% is recommended for optimum effect on villus morphometry in Nile tilapia. RESUMO Avaliaram-se os efeitos da suplementação de extrato de própolis na dieta sobre o desempenho, a digestibilidade, a morfometria intestinal e os parâmetros fisiológicos de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). No desempenho e na morfometria intestinal, 120 peixes (1,41±0,3g) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 24 tanques (70L cada), em sistema de recirculação de água com aeração constante e biofiltro. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos, num delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições por tratamento. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro rações, com concentrações de extrato de própolis (AEP) (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5g kg-1). O período experimental foi de 45 dias. Para a digestibilidade, foi utilizado um sistema adaptado de Guelph para a coleta de excretas e um marcador inerte na ração. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças nos parâmetros de desempenho, digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e da matéria seca dos alimentos e morfometria intestinal, bem como nos parâmetros fisiológicos. No entanto, houve um efeito linear crescente sobre a digestibilidade da energia com o aumento das concentrações de AEP na ração. Os resultados também indicaram que a suplementação com 1% de própolis teve efeito positivo na morfometria intestinal de tilápia-do-nilo, sendo esse o nível recomendado na dieta.

The health of the fish is impacted by several water quality indicators, including pH, Dissolved Oxygen, UnionizedAmmonia, Turbidity, etc. Therefore, research has been conducted utilizinga machine learning approach to determine the key variables that have the greatest impact on fish. To recognizethis, a new classification system called Fish Classification Index (FCI) is developed to classify fish environments. In this approach, the water body ecology is divided into four groups: Alive, Disaster, Just to Dwell (JTD), and Just to Maintain (JTM). A mathematical model is developed based on this Fish Classification Index. Around ten water quality criteria are considered for the calculation in this paper. Additionally, it's critical to comprehend which factor has the greatest impact on fish health and the degree to which it does so. Therefore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a statistical method, is utilizedin Artificial Intelligence (AI) to investigate the key variables that affect the Fish Classification Index's judgment.Using this technique, it was observed that pH and DO each have a 22% and 32% influence on the decision, respectively. Overall, it has been discovered that four parameters account for about 80% of decision-making, with the remaining six parameters present in water accounting for 20% of decision-making. The Identification and comprehension of the most important factors from the current research will help the relevant stakeholders to act appropriately in maintaining a healthy water body ecology. Additionally, it aids engineering designers in making appropriate use of the right sensors, leading to efficient resource use.

The sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is a major grazer and is, hence, an excellent key model organism to study to gain a better understanding of responses to changes in its habitat. We investigated whether there are significant variations in the feeding and reproductive phenotypic traits of populations from three seagrass bed sites, with respect to their proximity to fish farms in Bolinao, northwestern Philippines. We established three stations in each of the three sites: the far, the intermediate, and those near the fish farms, and compared the sea urchins’ phenotypic traits and determined whether these were related to seagrass productivity and water parameters. Regardless of the sampling period, adult sea urchins (66.92 ± 0.27 mm test diameter, TD, n = 157) from the areas intermediate and near to the fish farms had significantly lower indices of Aristotle’s lantern, gut contents, gut and gonads, and lower gonad quality (high percentage of unusual black gonads), compared to those from the far stations. Multivariate analysis showed that the smaller feeding structures and gut, lower consumption rates and lower gonad indices and quality of sea urchins in the intermediate and near fish farms were positively related to lower shoot density, leaf production and species diversity, as well as lower water movement in those stations. The larger size of the Aristotle’s lantern in the far stations was not related to food limitations. More importantly, the phenotypic variability in the feeding structures and gonads of sea urchins in the same seagrass bed provides new evidence regarding the sensitivity of this species to environmental factors that may affect variability in food quality.

The study constitutes an approach to the problem of achieving sustainability for the management of the Venezuelan fish farming sector, given the need to generate revisions or transformations in the organizational paradigms, in the way of thinking and acting of the managers of these companies that require the establishment of alliances between different sectors, public, private, governments, plus the different organizations that work to achieve a better future for all. This essay is based on the relationship between the whole and the parts, product of the reasoning or exemplification of researches that study the subject, achieving to weigh the need to raise with convincing or persuasive arguments this type of sustainable management for this and the different sectors of the global and local economy, starting from verifying the relationship between humanity, environment and production, with the purpose of transferring the sustainable to all aspects of planetary life, so that biodiversity can be safeguarded, guaranteeing the survival of all species, assuming for this a transdisciplinary attitude, which will imply the implementation of a new vision that transcends the cultural, national, political and even religious., El estudio constituye un acercamiento a la problemática del logro de la sostenibilidad para la gerencia del sector piscícola venezolano, dada la necesidad de generar revisiones o transformaciones en los paradigmas organizacionales, en la forma de pensar y actuar de los gerentes de éstas empresas que requieren del establecimiento de alianzas entre diversos sectores, públicos, privados, gobiernos, más las diferentes organizaciones que trabajan por lograr un futuro mejor para todos. Este ensayo se realiza a partir de la relación entre el todo y las partes, producto del razonamiento u ejemplificación de investigaciones realizadas que estudian el tema, logrando sopesar la necesidad de plantear con argumentos convincentes o persuasivos este tipo de gerencia sostenible para éste y los diferentes sectores de la economía global y local, partiendo de verificar las relaciones entre humanidad, medio ambiente y producción, con la finalidad de trasladar lo sostenible a todos los aspectos de la vida planetaria, para que se pueda salvaguardar la biodiversidad, garantizando la supervivencia de todas las especies, asumiendo para ello una actitud transdisciplinar, que implicará la puesta en práctica de una nueva visión que transcienda lo cultural, nacional, político y hasta religioso. &nbsp

Probiotics are gaining popularity both empirically and scientifically as eco-friendly alternatives in aquaculture. The present research proposed to examine the influences of selective probiotics on the growth, hematology, microbes, and morphology of the intestine of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) in a biofloc system. Additionally, this study evaluated the benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of specific probiotics used in the biofloc system. Stinging catfish fingerlings (average weight 0.86 ± 0.26 g) were equally distributed (250 fingerlings/400 L water-filled PVC tank) into three treatment groups and reared for 16 weeks. Two commercial probiotics (CP-1 and CP-2) and one laboratory-developed probiotic were used in the study. The results showed significantly higher growth (weight gain and specific growth rate), feed efficiency, improved intestinal microbiota, and enhanced morphology in fish reared with laboratory-developed probiotics in the biofloc system. Moreover, indicators of increased immune responses, such as enhancements in the intestinal mucosal fold, width of enterocytes and lamina propria, and abundance of goblet cells, were also observed in fish reared with laboratory-developed probiotics. The BCR, which determined business profitability, was also highest for the laboratory-developed probiotics in the biofloc system. Therefore, the results suggest that laboratory-developed probiotics are economically viable and environmentally friendly growth stimulators for stinging catfish culture in a biofloc system.

The world’s population continues to grow, and at the same time, the oceans are rising, posing challenges for those living near coastal areas. Almost two-thirds of the global population resides within 50 kilometers of the coast. Mangrove forests offer solutions to mitigate the potential for flooding and provide natural coastal protection. Traditionally, mangrove restoration has been approached from the seaward edge through large-scale planting, with limited success. This dissertation describes how mangrove restoration can be approached from both the seaward and landward edges along degraded coastlines to create functional mangrove forests. Chapter 2 examines how the natural factors drive mangrove dynamics along the landward and seaward edges of a mangrove greenbelt. This work reveals that landward mangrove expansion in old aquaculture ponds was slow because of long inundation times and soft sediment. In contrast, seaward mangrove expansion was associated with elevated mudflats and gentle slopes. Chapter 3 further investigates the effects of different foreshore morphologies on mangrove expansion. This work shows that cheniers, or elevated sand lenses atop muddy foreshores, significantly decrease waves that enter the mangrove fringe. A stable chenier can promote mangrove expansion, even in combination with a negligible small mudflat of 10 to 20 metres. Without a chenier, a 10 times wider mudflat was required to make mangrove expansion more likely than mangrove retreat. Chapter 4 compares traditional mangrove planting with ecological restoration measures for mangrove restoration (EMR). This work shows that EMR measures were more effective at creating connected forest expansion in a landward direction. EMR in the landward direction could be achieved through smart sluice gate management in the right season. This work shows how mangrove cover in associated mangrove aquaculture ponds significantly increased over the project lifetime. Along the seaward edge, field experiments revealed that EMR with permeable brushwood dams aimed at expanding mangrove habitat could not sufficiently overcome subsidence rates, indicating that mangrove restoration in seaward direction under relative sea level rise will become increasingly difficult. Chapter 5 investigates the potential threat of plastic waste to mangroves once they have been restored. It is revealed that aerial root suffocation by plastic caused immediate pneumatophore growth and leaf loss. Mangrove trees are relatively resilient to partial burial by plastic waste, but mangrove stands are likely to deteriorate if plastic continues to accumulate. Chapter 6 examines the long-term mangrove greenbelt resilience in the face of continued rapid relative sea level rise. The study quantified that while the villages closest to the subsidence epicenter sank with 8.2 cm per year, their fringing mangroves sank nearly twice as slow on average. Trees were able to adjust to the rapidly rising water level through pneumatophore extension and the creation of new root mats when sediment was locally available. However system wide sediment shortage ultimately leads to a retreating coastline, affecting both mangroves and people. In conclusion, seaward mangrove restoration is challenging along coastlines that are subject to rapid relative sea level rise. Foreshore management aimed at creating artificial cheniers or wide mudflats might reduce lateral erosion and lead to limited seaward mangrove expansion in less rapidly subsiding areas. It is also important to consider the landward edge of a desired greenbelt when attempting mangrove restoration, as hectares of potential mangrove habitat still exist in the form of other land-uses. Effective socio-economic measures are required to support mangrove expansion; these may be challenging, but not impossible. Ultimately, interventions that halt regional and global stressors of mangrove establishment and survival will have the most significant impact and long-term effect on coastal protection.

L’exercice 2020 constitue la première année de la mise en œuvre des programmes de sixième génération qui couvre la période 2020 – 2023. Cette génération de Programmes conserve les vingts programmes de recherche. Concernant la mission de formation assignée au CNRA, nous signalons que deux cent quatorze étudiants ont été encadrés cette année dans le cadre de stages. On note parmi ceux-ci six nouveaux doctorants. La formation de producteurs ou du personnel d’encadrement aux bonnes pratiques agricoles a été faite. La participation du CNRA aux atéliers, conférences et reunions a été effective. Les nombreux séjours scientifiques hors de Côte d’Ivoire concourent également au renforcement des capacités des chercheurs. La production d’articles scientifiques et 31 000 téléchargements des fiches techniques disponibles sur le site internet du CNRA. La direction générale du CNRA renouvelle son engagement à satisfaire ses clients à travers des produits et services de qualité. La valorisation des resultats de recherche permet de financer en partie les activités que nous menons. Après la certification de notre du système de production et de commercialisation de semences de palmier à huile nous comptons engager la demarche qualité vers d’autres produits. Le CNRA maintient ses relations avec les principaux partenaires. Il participe aux fora internationaux sur la recherche agricole tropicale, et africaine en particulier, et aux instances décisionnelles de l’organisation régionale de la recherche agricole en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre (CORAF). Au niveau international, le CNRA a maintenu sa notoriété par sa participation active à tous les rendez-vous scientifiques régionaux et mondiaux. Nous souhaitons que chacun trouve dans ce document les informations dont il a besoin.

L’exercice 2020 constitue la première année de la mise en œuvre des programmes de sixième génération qui couvre la période 2020 – 2023. Cette génération de Programmes conserve les vingts programmes de recherche. Concernant la mission de formation assignée au CNRA, nous signalons que deux cent quatorze étudiants ont été encadrés cette année dans le cadre de stages. On note parmi ceux-ci six nouveaux doctorants. La formation de producteurs ou du personnel d’encadrement aux bonnes pratiques agricoles a été faite. La participation du CNRA aux atéliers, conférences et reunions a été effective. Les nombreux séjours scientifiques hors de Côte d’Ivoire concourent également au renforcement des capacités des chercheurs. La production d’articles scientifiques et 31 000 téléchargements des fiches techniques disponibles sur le site internet du CNRA. La direction générale du CNRA renouvelle son engagement à satisfaire ses clients à travers des produits et services de qualité. La valorisation des resultats de recherche permet de financer en partie les activités que nous menons. Après la certification de notre du système de production et de commercialisation de semences de palmier à huile nous comptons engager la demarche qualité vers d’autres produits. Le CNRA maintient ses relations avec les principaux partenaires. Il participe aux fora internationaux sur la recherche agricole tropicale, et africaine en particulier, et aux instances décisionnelles de l’organisation régionale de la recherche agricole en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre (CORAF). Au niveau international, le CNRA a maintenu sa notoriété par sa participation active à tous les rendez-vous scientifiques régionaux et mondiaux. Nous souhaitons que chacun trouve dans ce document les informations dont il a besoin.

Golden mahseer (Tor putitora) is a critically endangered fish with significant economic importance. However, its reproductive challenges in a captive environment pose a limitation to the successful domestication and aquaculture potential of this species. To understand the role of various genes in gonad maturation and reproduction in golden mahseer, we conducted an RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) study on the brains of mature male and female specimens. Altogether, 20.6 and 21.5 million reads were generated from the brains of the male and female fish, respectively. A total of 26,989 and 55,600 cDNA coding sequences (CDS) were identified from the male and female brains, respectively, among which 26,258 CDS from the male brain and 53,446 CDS from the female brain demonstrated homology to known protein database sequences. A comprehensive analysis revealed a total of 1187 distinct differentially expressed upregulated genes (DEGs), encompassing 953 DEGs anticipated to exhibit upregulation in the female brain and 234 DEGs in the male brain. Furthermore, in the brain of female and male golden mahseer, a significant downregulation was observed in 492 and 744 genes, respectively, resulting in a cumulative count of 1236 downregulated genes. Validation of the RNA-Seq results was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) using 24 genes. Sixteen candidate genes with differential expression levels between the male and female fish were then selected and analyzed via qPCR. The results confirmed that amh, foxl3, dax1, kif20, and tkt were upregulated in the male golden mahseer brain, while cyp19a1a, dmrt2a, gdf9, sox9b, wt-1a, and aqp1 were upregulated in the female golden mahseer brain. Our study elucidates the distinct gene expression profiles in male and female golden mahseer brains and thus offers valuable insights for potential reproductive manipulation strategies in this fish species.

The expansion of neoliberalization of fisheries in developing countries has been largely driven by political economic decisions. Artisanal fisheries and aquaculture have not been exempt from these privatization measures, the implementation of deregulation measures in the fisheries sector, and commoditization strategies oriented mainly to exports. However, little research has been done about these issues jointly in South America. Therefore, the adoption of these measures and the adaptation and transformation of artisanal fishermen to entrepreneurs were studied in the scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) fishery/aquaculture in Tongoy Bay, Chile. We use qualitative research and an analysis of historical archives to describe a series of political-economic changes, stages, and processes involved in the transformation of the sector. The analysis focuses on conflicts, resistance practices, and value regimes between fishers and farmers to explore the different moral economies at play. Our results show that (a) changes in moral economies are neither automatic nor unidirectional; (b) the State, through its economic policy, technological development institutions, and technology transfer actions, does not directly generate expected results; (c) artisanal fishers who have become entrepreneurs understand and justify competitiveness (or lack of it) because some are more entrepreneurial than others; (d) despite the adoption of neoliberal guidelines, aspects of a more traditional moral economy remain, such as the role of family units in the configuration of enterprises; and, finally, (e) artisanal fishers have moved from a traditional moral economy based on collective and historical rights to a neoliberal moral economy based on the individual and his or her capacity for self-improvement, entrepreneurship, and efficient work management.

Temperature is considered to be a major abiotic factor influencing aquatic life. Marine heatwaves are emerging as threats to sustainable shellfish aquaculture, affecting the farming of New Zealand’s green-lipped mussel [Perna canaliculus (Gmelin, 1791)]. In this study, P. canaliculus were gradually exposed to high-temperature stress, mimicking a five-day marine heatwave event, to better understand the effects of heat stress on the metabolome of mussels. Following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of haemolymph samples, key sugar-based metabolites supported energy production via the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle by 24 h and 48 h of heat stress. Anaerobic metabolism also fulfilled the role of energy production. Antioxidant molecules acted within thermally stressed mussels to mitigate oxidative stress. Purine metabolism supported tissue protection and energy replenishment. Pyrimidine metabolism supported the protection of nucleic acids and protein synthesis. Amino acids ensured balanced intracellular osmolality at 24 h and ammonia detoxification at 48 h. Altogether, this work provides evidence that P. canaliculus has the potential to adapt to heat stress up to 24 °C by regulating its energy metabolism, balancing nucleotide production, and implementing oxidative stress mechanisms over time. The data reported herein can also be used to evaluate the risks of heatwaves and improve mitigation strategies for aquaculture.

In Mexico, intensive production of bullfrogs is one of the most important aquaculture activities, due to growing demand for their meat. Frogs can be hosts for several parasites that negatively affect their development and health. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of intestinal parasites in bullfrogs in aquaculture production units. Eighteen bullfrogs aquaculture production units were selected, and 20 animals (n=360) from each farm. Fecal samples were obtained by mucosal scraping and processed using the concentration method. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 70.5%, and all farms had frogs infected by some species of parasite. Two species of parasites were identified: Eimeria sp. and Strongyloides sp. Significant differences were found regarding parasite prevalence between males and females (73.8% vs 58.8%) and regarding tibia length (5.5 vs 6.1 cm) and weight (168 vs 187 g) between parasitized and non-parasitized frogs. In conclusion, the present study showed a high prevalence of intestinal parasites, and morphometric alterations (weight, snout-cloaca length, radio-ulna length, tibia length and distance between parotid glands) were identified in the parasitized animals. These results provided useful information that will enable establishment of adequate control measures to help minimize the adverse effects of these parasites. Resumo No México, a produção intensiva de rãs-touro é uma das atividades mais relevantes da aquicultura devido à sua crescente demanda. As rãs podem ser hospedeiras de vários parasitos que afetam negativamente seu desenvolvimento e sua saúde animal. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a presença de parasitas gastrointestinais (IPs) em rãs de boi em unidades de produção aquícola. Foram selecionadas 18 unidades de produção aquícola de rãs-touro, e de cada unidade 20 animais (n=360). Amostras fecais foram obtidas por raspagem de mucosas e processadas pelo método de concentração. A prevalência geral de IPs foi de 70,5%, todas as fazendas foram infectadas com algum parasita. Duas espécies de parasitas Eimeria sp. e Strongyloides sp. foram identificadas; encontrando-se diferenças significativas na prevalência entre machos e fêmeas (73,8% vs 58,8%), comprimento da tíbia (5,5 vs 6,1 cm) e peso (168 vs 187 g) entre rãs parasitadas e não parasitadas. Em conclusão, o presente estudo mostrou uma alta prevalência e alterações morfométricas (peso, comprimento do ronco-cloaca, comprimento do rádio-ulna, comprimento da tíbia e distância entre as glândulas parótidas) todas identificadas nos animais parasitados. Esses resultados mostram informações relevantes que permitirão o estabelecimento de medidas de controle adequadas para ajudar a minimizar os efeitos adversos desses parasitas.

Some of the characteristics of probiotics used in aquaculture are the antagonistic activity against pathogens and the activation of the immune response. Moreover, some probiotics with common antigens to pathogens can produce antibodies that react with these pathogens. One of those potential probiotics is Vibrio proteolyticus DCF12.2, a strain with the capacity to produce antibodies in soles (Solea senegalensis) that react with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Vibrio harveyi antigens. Therefore, the objective of the work was to determine the capacity of DCF12.2 to activate the immune response in the sole, providing protection against both pathogens. For this purpose, DCF12.2 was administered to cultured soles by intraperitoneal injection, bath, and diet. The DCF12.2 strain activated the gene expression related to the fish immune response and increased the antibody production with cross-reaction to P. damselae subsp. piscicida and V. harveyi cells. Challenges with P. damselae subsp. piscicida resulted in a 30–40% relative percent survival (RPS) through DCF12.2 treatments. After challenge with V. harveyi, only intraperitoneal treatment protected the fish (67% RPS). In conclusion, the DCF12.2 strain showed great potential to be used to prevent diseases caused by both pathogens, and indicates a way to use probiotics as live vaccines.

Metamorphosis entails hormonally regulated morphological and physiological changes requiring high energy levels. Probiotics as feed supplements generate ameliorative effects on host nutrient digestion and absorption. Thereby, the aim of the present research was to investigate the impact of the probiotic Phaeobacter inhibens as a water additive on cellular signaling pathways in the metamorphosis of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Activation of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R), protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps), and programmed cell death were assessed through SDS-Page/immunoblot analysis, while energy metabolism was determined through enzymatic activities. According to the results, greater amberjack reared in P. inhibens-enriched water entered the metamorphic phase with greater body length, while protein synthesis was triggered to facilitate the hypertrophic growth as indicated by IGF-1/Akt activation and AMPK inhibition. Contrarily, MAPKs levels were reduced, whereas variations in Hsps response were evident in the probiotic treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy were mobilized potentially for the structural remodeling processes. Furthermore, the elevated enzymatic activities of intermediary metabolism highlighted the excess energy demands of metamorphosis. Collectively, the present findings demonstrate that P. inhibens may reinforce nutrient utilization, thus leading greater amberjack to an advanced growth and developmental state.

Responsibly using resources is an essential goal of the 2030 agenda. An overall need for 180 tonnes of fish per year is pushing the limits of sustainable fishing. Teachers can focus on this topic to enhance the environmental awareness of sustainability issues in learners (e.g., sustainable consumption, production, and supporting sustainable judgements). For this purpose, we developed a questionnaire on the topic of aquaculture using LimeSurvey and administered this survey to preservice teachers. The survey contained five open questions relating to aquaculture terms, a semantic differential with 14 adjective pairs that concern the interest in and usefulness of aquacultures; the environmental motives scale to determine the environmental concern of the teachers, and a self-developed set of items on systems—consumption knowledge, and social influence. Individuals in the target group (n = 158) indicated that they thought aquaculture products were rather useless and uninteresting, and they purchased them less. The results showed that the participants mostly correctly defined the aquaculture terms, but an overall understanding of system- and consumption-related knowledge, for example, was missing. Aquaculture seems to be associated more with profit than with nutrition or environmental concerns. We illustrate a possible barrier to the communication of less-familiar issues in society.

Table S1.Summary of data for skin and gillssamples' processing and analysis Figure S1.Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the bacterial communities was calculated from the weighted UniFrac distance matrix in gills (A) and skin (B) samples. Red, green and blue colours represent samples of S.aurata microbiota feed with control, Hydrolyzed and Raw diet respectly. Figure S2. Significantly different ASVs (DESeq2, p < 0.05) classified by genus and phylum in the mucus microbiota of the gills ((A) Hydrolyzed vs Control), (B) Raw vs Control) and skin ((C) Hydrolyzed vs Control, (D)Raw vs Control). Figure S3.Diet exclusive interactions in the gills (A) and in the skin (B).

At the iFishIENCiAquaculture 4.0Final Event we invited participants you to join us atNCE Seafood Innovation Cluster, Marineholmen, where weshowcased the project's latest technology advancements in digital twin and IoT for feeding efficiency through behaviour analysis and precision monitoring. A dedicated round table offered detailed insights on new circular value chains, Waste2Value concepts, and how policy and regulation, including the EU Taxonomy, will shape future investment flows in the industry. Complimentary workshops explored included: advanced technical discussion of the use and demonstration of the iBOSS real-time monitoring, decision making, and response management for optimized production the regulatory framework for valorization of aquaculture sludge and waste water, waste capture, processing and use for producing aquafeed ingredients assessment of circular aquaculture value chains opportunities for the aquaculture industry in the EU framework program for research and innovation, future project ideation and funding opportunities Now available is the slide deckpresentations of the iBOSS technical workshop, where we explainhow sensor data analysed by machine learning models have been used to detect fish feeding and satiation behaviours in cage and RAS. Through the iBOSS cloud platform and iBOSS edge, producers can visualise data and have optimised decision support toolsin order to optimise feeding regimes.This resource is best enjoyed in association with the video recording available of theiFishIENCi YouTube Channel&nbsp

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were experimentally infected with Lepeophtheirus salmonis copepodids and aspects of the host’s immune response investigated. Copepodid secretory/excretory product (SEP) produced during early settlement was analysed using fast-protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-electrophoresis and zymography. Following establishment and the appearance of the chalimus stages, the expression of the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the heart, spleen, head kidney, fins, liver and pyloric cæca was investigated using real-time (quantitative) PCR (qPCR). Furthermore, the secretions of L. salmonis chalimus were analysed for the presence of the prostanoid PGE2 using commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) kits. Analysis of copepodid secretory/excretory product suggested that any immunosuppressive component is not proteinaceous in nature. Whilst there was a definite increase in protein concentration of SEP relative to control SEP, further analysis using subtractive chromatographic analysis did not reveal any unique fraction present in either SEP or CSEP that was absent in the other. Interleukin-8 expression levels in tissues changed following L. salmonis infection, with heart and spleen showing significant increases in IL-8 gene expression, whilst the head kidney, fins, liver and pyloric cæca showed no significant increase. The increase in splenic IL-8 expression may be linked to its role as one of the major secondary lymphoid organs. However, this is the first record of increase in IL-8 expression in cardiac tissue. The secretions of L. salmonis chalimus were found to contain quantifiable levels of PGE2, albeit in highly variable quantities. This concurs with already published findings for adult L. salmonis (see Fast, et al. 2004). It is proposed that the chalimus states us the PGE2 to modulate the hosts’ immune response at the site of attachment and feeding.