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Battery health analysis is crucial for the efficient and reliable operation of battery-powered systems, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. In recent years, machine learning techniques have gained significant attention for battery health analysis due to their ability to handle complex and nonlinear relationships in battery data. In this study, a machine learning-based approach for battery health analysis using MATLAB has been presented. To analyze battery data, a combination of unsupervised and supervised machine learning, not excluding support vector machines, k- means clustering, principal component analysis and decision tree, has been employed. The efficacy of the technique is illustrated by using experimental battery data to show that it can properly estimate battery health and identify potential degradation causes. This approach can be easily integrated into battery management systems to improve performance and extend the life of batteries in various applications.

In Contemporary situation military applications, recognizing armed aircraft is crucial for making strategic decisions. The challenge is in accurately recognizing the unidentified aircraft regardless of its direction. This paper represents a research project in this area. Rapidly created physical models of 12 classes of armed aircraft were utilized to obtain the database used here. The residents who live close to the border have recently noticed various types of aircraft flying overhead, but they are unaware of whether the aircraft is armed or not. The citizens will be assisted by this project in recognizing armed aircraft and their type. If people notice a specific armed aircraft flying overhead regularly, they should report it to the local authorities along with the aircraft’s model name so that they may determine whether the aircraft is part of their prospective Airforce or not and take appropriate action. A neural network predicts items in a picture and identifies them using bounding boxes in object detection, a sophisticated type of image classification. Object detection, also known as object recognition, is a crucial subfield in computer vision because tasks like detection, localization have broad applications in real-world contexts. For identifying the Armed aircraft Yolo V7 Algorithm is implemented from deep learning for instance

Droplet splitting by exploiting tailored surface wettability is emerging as an important pathway to creating ultralow volumes of samples that can have applications in bioassays, tissue engineering, protein chips, and material synthesis. Reduction of droplet volumes enables the encapsulation of single biological cells which allows high throughput screening. In this work, we demonstrate a facile fabrication approach to create a non-adhesive contrast quartz substrate that allows droplet splitting under gravitational force and its utilization to trap single biological cells for Raman spectroscopic studies. The non-adhesive contrast surface is created by low-power continuous-wave laser-assisted removal of the region of interest from a biocompatible non-adhesive silicone oil grafted quartz substrate. For a given laser spot dimension, the hydrophilic zone dimension is controlledivia/iirradiation with varying laser powers. The fabricated non-adhesive contrast surface can split a microliter droplet into pico- and sub-picolitre daughter droplets. By using the substrate, the trapping of a single polystyrene bead is demonstrated and the recording of Raman spectra is carried out. Additionally, the Raman spectra of two biological cells, yeast cells and human mononuclear cells (MNCs), from a daughter droplet are recorded independently and from a mixture of the solutions. This single-cell Raman analysis could find applications in cell identification and type discrimination, biochemical imaging, metabolic and functional characterization, and clinical and toxicity studies.

In recent years AC-DC converters have found wide applications in industry.AC-DC converters with step down voltage are required in to be used in many applications from simple home appliances to complex industrial facilities with applications such as LED drivers, dc motor drivers, battery chargers and dc power supplies. Therefore, it is generally required that the ACDC conversion includes some form of power factor correction (PFC) so as to mitigate harmonic pollution of the grid voltage. It also requires a circuit with less number of passive elements to increase the efficiency. A Buck Bridgeless power factor correction converter with low semiconductor count is studied and analysed. The rectifier employs reduced number of semiconductor devices. Two parallel capacitors provide a path for the input current during the discharge mode to improve the current quality. Comparing with the other rectifiers this buck PFC rectifier has characteristics of high gain, high efficiency, low semiconductor devices and have few power loss. The operation principles and steady-state characteristics analysis of the rectifier is discussed in detail. Results are obtained by simulating the rectifier in MATLAB/SIMULINK R2021b. The simulation results shows that the rectifier has high voltage gain and achieves a peak efficiency of 89%. Index Terms—Buck Converter, Bridgeless, Gain, Efficiency.

Oral squamous papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor that constitutes around 2.5% of all oral verruco-papillary lesions and is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). HPV subtypes 6 and 11, which are considered to be of low carcinogenic potential are usually associated with oral squamous papilloma. Though there is no site predilection as such, the most common intraoral sites reported are tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and palate. This is a case report describing the case of a 69-year-old male patient who reported the complaint of growth on the floor of the mouth for four years which was diagnosed as squamous papilloma on the floor of the mouth which is a relatively uncommon site.

Oral healthcare providers work near the face of the patients and are at an increased risk of being infected or transmitting the infection to the patients. Standard practice guidelines have to be modified to reorganize Oral Medicine care in the new normality of the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize the negative impacts of the infection on oral and systemic health. This scoping review aims to assess the guidelines for the safe practice of Oral Medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature search was done using Medline and Pubmed as the database and 23 articles were identified related to 8 domains. Utilization of teledentistry, efficient triaging of the patients with strict adherence to the infection control protocols, knowledge of the possible oral manifestations, and management of patients based on their presenting symptoms can help for the safe practice of Oral Medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Flood is an overflow of water that submerges land. Cleaning up from a flood can seem like a daunting task. Because it may contain many kind of slurry wastes and muddy water. First of all, we have to clean the muddy water out. After doing it, we have to clean the slurry wastes there. Now, it needs more man force than usual cleaning process and much time for doing all these jobs. The existing floor cleaning machines can���t do such type of heavy tasks. From this problem existing in now days, we got an idea of a cleaning machine which will do heavy tasks. So, we aim at designing a fabrication model which will do all these jobs within a short time and reduce much human effort. Our cleaning machine is capable of performing cleaning of floor and corners effectively, Our cleaning machine mainly includes a electric motor, slurry pump, chassis/frame, blending/rotating blades, cleaning mop, wheels to drive the whole system, water intake system, multi way valves to direct the pumping water., {"references":["Almahdawi, F. H., Al-Yaseri, A. Z., & Jasim, N. (2014). Apparent viscosity direct from Marsh funnel test. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 15(1), 51-57.","Deore, M. P., Chaudhari, V. B., Deshmukh, A. P., Dandage, R. V., & Mule, A. A. (2019), Development in floor cleaning machine. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).2,57-59.","Rameshkumar, M. S., Selvakumar, M., Senthilkumar, S., Surya, P., & Thilagavathi, I. (2018). Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Floor Cleaning Machine. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, ISSN, 2455-9288.","Al-Khdheeawi, E. A., & Mahdi, D. S. (2019). Apparent viscosity prediction of water-based muds using empirical correlation and an artificial neural network. Energies, 12(16), 3067.","Ghaffar ,M., Kale, N., Bilal, A., Ugle, M.,(2018). A Research paper on Design and development of floor cleaning machine, International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development,6,1-9.","Khade S.(2017), Multi-use floor cleaning machine. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET),5,656-664."]}

Dynamic logic is a very popular technique for high performance systems. These systems use domino circuits for their high speed and low power dissipation property. The undying demands of miniaturization result in aggressive scaling, which increases the leakage currents in circuits. It has been observed that, in high fan-in domino gates the leakage currents makes the circuit less immune to noise. There is always a trade-off between power dissipation and noise immunity. So it is very much challenging to design a wide fan-in gate with higher noise margin and less power consumption while maintaining the necessary speed of the operation. Here, this research work presents a general review of the most advanced circuit level techniques reported in last two decades. This work also classified different techniques for leakage reduction based on their area of applications. In this work, the performance of high fan-in domino logic circuits have been reviewed by considering parameters such as unity noise gain (UNG), power consumption and delay. This comprehensive review will be useful for choosing the efficient leakage reduction technique for specific applications.

Traditional way when an UX/UI designer needs to design a website he needs to do the rough diagram of wireframe and then if the design proposal is been accepted by the client then the designers needs create the User Interface of the Website should be created but what if the client has been reject the designed proposal then the UX/UI designer need to do from scratch. Here I’m presenting you this proposal. KEYWORDS- digital conversion, identification, recognizing, Template Generation, machine learning

Pediatric TB poses challenge in diagnosis due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease. We conducted a prospective diagnostic study to identify immune biomarkers of pediatric TB and controls (discovery cohort) and obtained a separate “validation” cohort of confirmed cases of pediatric TB and controls. Multiplex ELISA was performed to examine the plasma levels of cytokines. Discovery and validation cohorts revealed that baseline plasma levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, and IL-17A were significantly higher in active TB (confirmed TB and unconfirmed TB) in comparison to unlikely TB children. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis revealed that IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, and IL-17A (in the discovery cohort) and TNFα and IL-17A (in the validation cohort) could act as biomarkers distinguishing confirmed or unconfirmed TB from unlikely TB with the sensitivity and specificity of more than 90%. In the discovery cohort, cytokines levels were significantly diminished following anti-tuberculosis treatment. In both the cohorts, combiROC models offered 100% sensitivity and 98% to 100% specificity for a three-cytokine signature of TNFα, IL-2, and IL-17A, which can distinguish confirmed or unconfirmed TB children from unlikely TB. Thus, a baseline cytokine signature of TNFα, IL-2, and IL-17A could serve as an accurate biomarker for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis.

Summary Objective To assess the influence of changing the size and position of lever arm on transverse and vertical bowing effects during retraction in lingual biomechanics. Methods A three dimensional 3D finite element method was used to simulate en masse anterior teeth retraction using lingual appliance with sliding mechanics. Two groups were made, 1st group had lever arm mesial to canine while 2nd group had distal to canine. Each group had 4 subgroups with lever arm height varying from 0 mm to 12 mm. Displacements of the maxillary anterior teeth were noted in each group. Results As the Lever Arm Height (LAH) increased in group I, the vertical bowing effect reduced while the transverse bowing increased with respect to canines. In group II, both vertical and transverse bowing effects increased but transverse bowing was less as compared to group I. Conclusion Strategic location of the lever arm is required in different clinical situations during en-mass retraction, keeping in mind the location of Centre of Resistance (CRes) as well as the vertical and the transverse bowing effects.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The plasma levels of CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were measured in confirmed TB individuals at 6 months of anti-TB treatment (post-T) (n=24) and unlikely TB (n=76) individuals at baseline. The data are represented as scatter plots with each circle representing a single individual. P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney test.

Rural villages struggle due to low electrification, using age-old methods of gathering water, unhygienic conditions, difficulty to access and low-quality medical facilities, and lack of food security and educational opportunities, all contributing to extreme poverty. Available energy sources play a role in each of these, including water, electricity, and cooking fuels. One of the significant needs is water, as it is most required for doing any activity daily, and it is necessary for life. This study examined the role of energy sources in women villagers’ lives whose daily household tasks demand much physical exertion and time. An ethnographic study involved the research team living among the villagers for several days. Data collection also included mapping water sources distances and routes, electrification assessment, interviews villagers and officials, assessing the method and physical risks involved in daily water collection. Results revealed significant hardships borne by women due to the inaccessibility of power, physical accidents while carrying water on uneven, unsafe terrain, loss of productivity due to low quality electricity and traditional water collection methods, and lack of resources. The paper discusses the importance of the role technology can play in improving the lives of women villagers. Introducing an innovative water system that delivers water directly to households would significantly improve these women’s quality of life in terms of time, health risks, and ease of doing household chores.

This paper presents an exhaustive study on the use of one-relay and two-relay cooperative communication schemes and 2-hop communication scheme for improving the energy efficiency and reliability of ultra-wideband based wireless body area networks (UWB WBANs). Various investigations have been performed to study the impact of the parameters like packet size, hop distance, transmit power and channel error rate on the energy efficiency and reliability. An optimal packet size is obtained for the maximization of energy efficiency for both on-body communication and in-body communication. The analytical and simulation results show enhanced reliability with cooperative communication than direct communication and 2-hop communication, for all values of source to destination distances. The results also depict a threshold behaviour for energy efficiency which separates the hoplength for direct transmission from the hoplength where cooperation and 2-hop communication will be useful. The simulation results reveal that if the channel conditions are poor, when the source to destination distance is larger than the threshold value, 2-hop communication gives higher energy efficiency compared with direct and cooperative communications.

—This paper presents an exhaustive study on the use of one-relay and two-relay cooperative communication schemes and 2-hop communication scheme for improving the energy efficiency and reliability of ultra-wideband based wireless body area networks (UWB WBANs). Various investigations have been performed to study the impact of the parameters like packet size, hop distance, transmit power and channel error rate on the energy efficiency and reliability. An optimal packet size is obtained for the maximization of energy efficiency for both on-body communication and in-body communication. The analytical and simulation results show enhanced reliability with cooperative communication than direct communication and 2-hop communication, for all values of source to destination distances. The results also depict a threshold behaviour for energy efficiency which separates the hoplength for direct transmission from the hoplength where cooperation and 2-hop communication will be useful. The simulation results reveal that if the channel conditions are poor, when the source to destination distance is larger than the threshold value, 2-hop communication gives higher energy efficiency compared with direct and cooperative communications

—This paper presents an exhaustive study on the use of one-relay and two-relay cooperative communication schemes and 2-hop communication scheme for improving the energy efficiency and reliability of ultra-wideband based wireless body area networks (UWB WBANs). Various investigations have been performed to study the impact of the parameters like packet size, hop distance, transmit power and channel error rate on the energy efficiency and reliability. An optimal packet size is obtained for the maximization of energy efficiency for both on-body communication and in-body communication. The analytical and simulation results show enhanced reliability with cooperative communication than direct communication and 2-hop communication, for all values of source to destination distances. The results also depict a threshold behaviour for energy efficiency which separates the hoplength for direct transmission from the hoplength where cooperation and 2-hop communication will be useful. The simulation results reveal that if the channel conditions are poor, when the source to destination distance is larger than the threshold value, 2-hop communication gives higher energy efficiency compared with direct and cooperative communications

This paper presents an exhaustive study on the use of one-relay and two-relay cooperative communication schemes and 2-hop communication scheme for improving the energy efficiency and reliability of ultra-wideband based wireless body area networks (UWB WBANs). Various investigations have been performed to study the impact of the parameters like packet size, hop distance, transmit power and channel error rate on the energy efficiency and reliability. An optimal packet size is obtained for the maximization of energy efficiency for both on-body communication and in-body communication. The analytical and simulation results show enhanced reliability with cooperative communication than direct communication and 2-hop communication, for all values of source to destination distances. The results also depict a threshold behaviour for energy efficiency which separates the hoplength for direct transmission from the hoplength where cooperation and 2-hop communication will be useful. The simulation results reveal that if the channel conditions are poor, when the source to destination distance is larger than the threshold value, 2-hop communication gives higher energy efficiency compared with direct and cooperative communications

This paper gives an idea about how to discover additional insights from precision agriculture data through big data approach. Big data analytics in agriculture applications provide a new insight to give advance weather decisions, improve yield productivity and avoid unnecessary cost related to harvesting, use of pesticide and fertilizers. There are number of numerical weather models and algorithms that have been developed and enforced to predict the weather forecasting.

Allergic contact stomatitis (stomatitis venenata) might resemble oral lichen planus or oral lichenoid lesion clinically which can be acute or chronic in nature. Many offending agents have been attributed to their development and the most common being dental restorative materials, lipstick or flavouring agents in toothpaste or chewing gums. Allergic reactions can be in mild form to life-threatening anaphylaxis. The identification of the exact cause for allergy is difficult. Here, we report the case of a 37-year-old patient who presented with allergic contact stomatitis to a conventional daily routine product. Importance of history taking and awareness by the clinician about the contents of any new products being prescribed to the patient are emphasized by this case report.

Objective: Assessment of clinical symptoms and condylar position of TMD patients using CBCT imaging with deprogramming splint therapy and occlusal equilibration. The hypothesis tested was the allev...

Hand written documents are one of the most important sources of writing media in ancient Kerala. Due to improper storage of manuscripts, about 80% of them got degraded. Noises are one of the most common degrading factor which affects the visibility of the images and makes them unclear. The main noises found in manuscripts are pepper salt noise, speckle noise and holes on billings etc. There are many denoising methods available. In this paper we have made a literature analysis, both basic and advanced algorithms. Finally compared the output of each methods, Gibbs Sampling technique gives more accurate output in handwritten manuscripts. But holes in documents were not removed. For this we have given an enhancement using Circle Hough Transform(CHT) Which detects the circles and can identify exact hole by comparing the boundary pixels of circle and background of the script. In future we can recognize the characters using Support Vector Machine(SVM) and H2istogram of orientation Gradients(HOG).

Substituted phenylthiazolyl benzamide and pyrrolyl benzamide derivatives were developed using molecular hybridization technique to create novel lead antimycobacterial molecules used to fight against Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. The newly synthesized molecules have inhibited InhA, the enoyl-ACP reductase enzyme from the mycobacterial type II fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Of these, compound 3b showed H-bonding interactions with Tyr158 and co-factor NAD+ that binds the active site of InhA. All the molecules were screened for in vitro antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, as well as some representative molecules as the inhibitors of InhA. Thirteen compounds exhibited good anti-TB activities (MIC = 1.6 μg/mL), but only few representative molecules showed the moderate InhA enzyme inhibition activity.

Ever since the introduction of fixed appliance, a constant search is in progress to develop an appliance which can effectively control the anterior teeth during orthodontic treatment. As it is difficult to meet the requisites of all cases with a standard appliance, several biomechanical principles are being thought of, to overcome the difficulties. Controlling the torque is one of the toughest challenges a clinician faces during lingual sliding mechanics. The challenge posed may be attributed to the moment generated in the maxillary anterior teeth during lingual retraction, considering the biomechanical correlation between the center of resistance of maxillary anterior teeth and the resultant retraction force vector in lingual orthodontics. There are several ways to counteract the torque loss and at the same time effectively retract the maxillary anterior teeth. This can be achieved either by customizing the lingual bracket base or biomechanically by optimizing the retraction force vector. This article is an effort to emphasize the role of lever arms in optimizing retraction mechanics and torque control in lingual sliding mechanics.

INTRODUCTON: Bilateral thalamic infarcts are rare presentations of stroke. They are the result of a complex combination of risk factors and a predisposing vessel distribution. An Artery of Percheron is a rare anatomic variation in the brain vascularization seen in one third of population. It was described by French medical scientist Gerard Percheron in 1973. The artery of Percheron, characterized by a single arterial trunk that irrigates both paramedian thalamic regions, can be occluded as a result of thrombo embolic diseases leading to bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. The main symptoms are vertical gaze palsy (65%), memory impairment (58%), confusion (53%), and coma (42%). Clinical and image findings of this uncommon form of posterior circulation infarct are presented along with their anatomic and pathophysiologic correlates. CASE PRESENTATION: A 75yrs old right handed female, known diabetic and hypertensive presented with sudden loss of consiousness 6 hrs prior to admission. MRI Brain showed restricted diffusion involving bilateral thalamus and midbrain-Artery of percheron infarct and chronic lacunar infarcts.MR-AngiogramSubacute infarcts in bilateral thalamic region and periaqueductal region of midbrain. The posterior circulation was patent including the tip of the basilar artery and both posterior cerebral arteries, making the case compatible with occlusion of the artery of Percheron. CONCLUSION: Bilateral thalamic infarcts are unusual presentations of posterior circulation stroke. In patients presenting with loss of consciousness, neuropsychiatric involvement bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction, the possibility of artery of percheron infarct should be considered. In addition, periaqueductal grey matter of midbrain can also be involved.

Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic and most economically important parasite of sheep and goats worldwide. The cysteine proteases from H. contortus are prime targets for vaccine development. In the present communication we report the molecular expression and characterization of cathepsin B-like cysteine protease, GCP7 gene of H. contortus to study its efficiency as target protein for immunoprophylaxis against haemonchosis in sheep and goats. The complete ORF of GCP7 gene, devoid of the signal sequence, was amplified by RT-PCR from mRNA isolated from H. contortus and was cloned initially into pTZ57R/T cloning vector and then sub-cloned in the pET32a(+) expression vector to produce GCP7 antigen. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the GCP7 was aligned against the related sequences of H. contortus available in public domain for in silico analysis by DNA STAR and MEGA version 4.0 softwares. The nucleotide sequence revealed that the GCP7 gene of H.contortus (Indian isolate) encodes 324 amino acids (devoid of signal sequence) and its nucleotide sequence had 95.9% to 99.4% sequence homology with that of U.S.A. and previously published Indian isolates. A high level expression of recombinant (r) GCP7 protein was observed in the molecular range (Mr) of 55 kDa. The rGCP7 protein was confirmed by its specific immunoreactivity against known reference positive sheep sera.

Campylobacteriosis is an important zoonotic disease and the prevalence of Campylobacter is largely unknown in the wildlife of India. A total of 370 samples, comprising of 314 fresh faecal samples from apparently healthy captive wild animals and birds, 30 stool swabs from animal care takers and 26 samples of the animals’ food and water were collected from G. B. Pant High Altitude Zoo, Nainital, Kanpur Zoo, Wildlife Park, IVRI and the Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences (PGRIAS), Chennai, Tamilnadu from August 2014 to May 2015. Samples were processed for cultural isolation, direct PCR and multiplex PCR for species confirmation. To decipher the genetic diversity, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, sequenced and analyzed. Based on isolation, the overall occurrence rate of Campylobacter spp. was 0.8% (3/370), being 2.94% (3/102) for captive wild birds. Three Campylobacter jejuni were isolated from silver pheasants, lady amherest pheasants and saras cranes. Direct PCR assay showed the overall occurrence rate of Campylobacter spp. to be 4.77% (15/315), being 1.58% (2/126) for captive wild ruminants, 5.81% (5/86) for non-ruminants and 7.84% (8/102) for birds. All the isolates were identified as C. jejuni.

The present study details the synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical application of hydrolysed polyacrylamide grafted maize starch (HPam-g-MS) as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. Different grades of graft copolymer were synthesized by changing the net microwave irradiation time, while keeping all other factors constant. Acute oral toxicity study performed in rodents ensured the bio-safety of graft copolymer for clinical application. Various batches of aceclofenac loaded microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method using synthesized graft copolymers and evaluated for formulation parameters. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical compatibility between drug and graft copolymer. Results of in vitro release study (USP type-II) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 acid buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) showed that release rate of drug from developed microbeads was a function of both: (a) surrounding pH and (b) the matrix composition. The drug release was relatively higher at alkaline pH as compared to acidic pH and this feature is desirable from viewpoint of site specific drug delivery. A direct correlation was observed between percentage grafting and microbeads performance and it presents a scope for further research on application and optimization of HPam-g-MS based microbeads as drug delivery carriers.

A series of 1-methyl-N-((substituted-phenylmethylidene)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amines (4a-4g) were prepared via the formation of 1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine (3), which was pre- pared by the cycloaddition of o-phenylenediamine (1) with cyanogen bromide in the presence of aqueous base followed by N-methylation with methyl iodide in the presence of anhydrous potas- sium carbonate in dry acetonitrile. Moreover, the four-membered b-lactam ring was introduced by the cycloaddition of 4a-4g and chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine catalyst to give 3-chloro-1-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-(4 0 -substituted)-phenylazetidin-2-one 5a-5g .A total of 14 compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass spectral technique, in addition they were evaluated for anti-bacterial and cytotoxic properties. Among the chemicals tested 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 5g exhibited good antibacterial activity and 5f, 5g shown good cytotoxic activity in vitro. a 2011 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

A new series of pyrrole derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and their structures have been elucidated along with the evaluation of antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the microplate alamar blue assay method and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli by broth micro-dilution assay method. Structural activity relationships and 3D-QSAR analysis have been carried out by Topomer Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA). Training set of 42 and test set of 8 active compounds were used to develop the method that showed cross-validated correlation coefficient (q 2) of 0.815, standard error of prediction of 0.36, non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (r 2) of 0.973, and standard error of estimate of 0.14 with six components. Synthesis; spectral and 3D-QSAR studies; and antibacterial, antitubercular, and cytotoxic activities of a novel series of pyrrole derivatives are described.

Designing compounds having good anti-tubercular activity is gaining much importance in the area of tuberculosis research due to the reemergence of antibiotic resistance strains. In this study, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) of a group of 55 anti-tubercular agents with varying structures and potencies, CoMFA, Topomer CoMFA, and HQSAR studies have been performed on a series of antimycobacterial pyrroles. A training set containing 46 compounds served to establish the model and CoMFA was assessed by r 2 value of 0.852 and cross-validated the q 2 value of 0.614. In the Topomer CoMFA, r 2 was 0.805, whole cross-validated q 2 was 0.535. The predictive ability of CoMFA and Topomer CoMFA models was determined using a test set of 9 compounds, which gave the predictive correlation coefficients (r pred 2 ) of 0.623 and 0.458, respectively. HQSAR was also carried out as a complementary study, and the best HQSAR model was generated using atoms, bond, connectivity, and hydrogen atoms as fragment distinction, 7–10 as fragment size and three components showing the cross-validated q 2 value of 0.710 and conventional r 2 value of 0.795. CoMFA, Topomer CoMFA steric, electrostatic, and HQSAR atomic contribution maps were generated to analyze the structural features of the datasets on that govern their inhibitory potency. 3D and 2D-QSAR studies (CoMFA, Topomer CoMFA, HQSAR) of antimycobacterial pyrroles are described.

A series of 2,5,6-trisubstituted imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles were synthesized, structures of the compounds were elucidated and evaluated for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) method, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera, and Escherichia coli by broth micro dilution assay method. Some compounds exhibited significant antibacterial and antitubercular activities. Compounds 10, 14, and 15 emerged as the most active molecules, showed significant antimicrobial activity and may serve as leads for further optimization. Synthesis, spectral studies, and antibacterial and antitubercular activities of a novel series of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives are described .

Gum ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia) or Indian gum is a complex non-starch polysaccharide. It has been widely employed in food, pharmaceuticals, paper and other industries primarily due to its excellent emulsification and thickening property. Other applications of gum ghatti are inadequately investigated owing to lack of information on it. Researchers in the recent years have shown a great interest in exploring its molecular structure and functional properties. This article is aimed at discussing the structural features, functional properties and applications of gum ghatti with an emphasis on its pharmaceutical potential.

Aluminium alloys are being extensively used in many applications due to their excellent weight to strength properties. Many research works have been carried out to study and improve the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys. The composition of alloying elements plays an important role in deciding the properties of an alloy. The results of numerical methods have been accepted widely as they closely match with the experimental results. In the present study a numerical analysis tool i.e., finite element analysis (FEA) is used. The work presented in this paper is aimed at the study of effect of vibration characteristics of aluminium alloys of different compositions. The modeling and analysis is carried out using ANSYS software. A modal analysis is carried out to understand the vibration behavior i.e., natural frequency and mode shapes, of the material considered. The mode shapes and natural frequency play an important role in the design of dynamic machines. The harmonic analysis has been made to determine frequency characteristics. The analysis program reads the data from the input file processes the data and creates the output file containing the nodal displacements and nodal stress values of different stresses. From the analysis it is concluded that as the copper and silicon content in the alloys increases deformation decreases inversely. ANSYS results confirm the least deformation in case of 380 alloys. Young’s Modulus and the ultimate tensile strength of the 380 alloys increase with the increase in copper and silicon content. Hence Al 380 alloys exhibit good strength with minimum vibration.

Three cyanobacterial strains originating from different habitats were subjected to temperature shift exposures and monitored for levels of proline, thiol and activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Thermophile Mastigocladus laminosus (growth optimum, 40 °C), raised the proline level 4.2-fold at low temperature (20 °C), for the psychrophile Nostoc 593 (growth optimum, 20 °C), it was raised 8-fold at 40 °C while in the mesophile Nostoc muscorum (growth optimum, 30 °C), the imino acid level increased 2.3-fold during temperature ‘shiftdown’ to 20 °C or 3.5-fold in sets facing ‘shiftup’ (40 °C). Alterations in thiol levels in the above strains were in line with proline. It is suggested that such fluctuations reflect metabolic shifts as a response to stress. Interestingly, GAPDH activity was maximum at the respective growth temperature optimum of M. laminosus (122 nmol NADPH oxidized min −1 mg −1 protein) and Nostoc 593 (141 nmol NADPH oxidized min −1 mg −1 protein) while in N. muscorum, it increased at 40 °C (101 nmol NADPH oxidized min −1 mg −1 protein) and to 93.3 nmol NADPH oxidized min −1 mg −1 protein (20 °C) relative to 86 nmol NADPH oxidized min −1 mg −1 protein at 30 °C. It seems that extremophiles maintain the GAPDH activity/level during growth at their respective temperatures optimal while the mesophile increases it in order to cope up with temperature-stress.

A new series of pyrrolyl phenoxy derivatives bearing alkoxy linker were synthesized and evaluated for anti-tubercular activity (anti-TB) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecular modeling, pharmacophore constructed using GALAHAD to produce an effective alignment of data set and evaluated by Pareto ranking. The pharmacophore features were filtered by Surflex-dock study using enoyl ACP reductase from M. tuberculosis, which is one of the key enzymes involved in type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of M. tuberculosis. Compound 6a27 showed the H-bond with NAD+, whereas compound 6a26 showed H-bonds with Tyr158, Thr196, Met199 and NAD+ that fitted well into the binding pocket of target InhA. The alkoxy linker bridge and acceptor groups with benzene ring were advantageous for anti-TB activity, which merit further investigation.

The present study investigates the pharmaceutical application of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylxyloglucan (HPam-g-CMXG), as promising polymeric material for the development of pH responsive microbeads. The graft copolymer was synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization method and saponified to enhance its functionality and characterized. An acute oral toxicity study ensured the bio-safety of developed copolymer for clinical application. Various batches of pH responsive spherical microbeads were developed and evaluated for the effect of process parameters on their overall performance. Result of in vitro drug release study (USP Type-II, paddle method) carried out in two different pH media (pH 1.2 and pH 7.4) showed a triphasic drug release pattern in all the formulations. Both the drug release and swelling of microbeads were significantly higher in simulated intestinal (alkaline) pH compared to simulated gastric (acidic) pH and this nature is desirable for targeted drug delivery. A strong correlation was observed between the process parameters and matrix composition and it directly influenced the drug transport mechanism. In conclusion, the hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylxyloglucan holds an immense potential to be explored pharmaceutically as new matrix material for the design of targeted drug delivery system.

This paper presents a simple analysis evaluating the stability threshold for magnetically levitated flexible structures using dissipative colocated controllers. It is shown that with such a control structure, the controller that stabilizes a rigid levitated mass can also stabilize a simple flexible structure with the same overall mass and electrodynamics. Experimental and simulation results are presented to validate this conclusion.

Faceted search is becoming very common in commerce search. We introduce a new type of facet: a predefined schema for a product which can be used for the drilldown process. The actual search process which ensues from using such a facet is what is commonly known as a keytree search. Keytree search is a search on a library of XML documents which need to be ranked so they satisfy both the keyword and the tree structure constraints. This is a position paper which proposes combining existing vector space models (for keyword match) with tree isomorphism codes (for structural match).

Consider a wireless sensor network where each node has $K$ radios$r_1,r_2,\cdots,r_K$ such that the one hop reachability distance(resp. energy expended) of (resp. by) radio $r_i$ is greater than that of $r_j$, $1 \leq j < i \leq K$. Given such a network, the problem of energy efficient radio activation is to minimize the total energy spent by the active radios across all nodes in order to maintain a connected network. We show that this problem is NP-Hard. We initially pay attention to the case of $K=2$ and discuss a basic version of the radio activation problem in such networks. We propose approximation methodologies for solving this problem. Our analytical and experimental studies reveal that the greedy algorithm and the minimum spanning tree solution have the best {\em worst case} performance while the greedy algorithm has the best {\em average case} performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first few works to focus on %deterministic solutions for optimal radio activation in generic multi-radio wireless networks.